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289 results on '"N. Krawczyk"'

1. Testing CPT symmetry in ortho-positronium decays with positronium annihilation tomography

Author: P. Moskal, A. Gajos, M. Mohammed, J. Chhokar, N. Chug, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, M. Gorgol, J. Goworek, B. C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, K. Kacprzak, Ł. Kapłon, H. Karimi, D. Kisielewska, K. Klimaszewski, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemień, T. Kozik, E. Kubicz, S. Niedźwiecki, S. Parzych, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, L. Raczyński, J. Raj, S. Sharma, S. Choudhary, R. Y. Shopa, A. Sienkiewicz, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, E. Ł. Stępień, F. Tayefi, and W. Wiślicki
Subjects: Science
Abstract: CPT violation could manifest itself in annihilating positronium events, but searching for this effect would require to know the spin of the annihilating system. Here, the authors do this using a positron-emission tomography scanner, finding no violation with a statistical precision of 10−4.
Published: 2021
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2. Estimating relationship between the time over threshold and energy loss by photons in plastic scintillators used in the J-PET scanner

Author: S. Sharma, J. Chhokar, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, J. Gajewski, A. Gajos, M. Gorgol, N. Gupta-Sharma, R. Del Grande, B.C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, K. Kacprzak, Ł. Kapłon, H. Karimi, D. Kisielewska, K. Klimaszewski, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, Sz. Niedzwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, L. Raczyński, J. Raj, A. Ruciński, S. Shivani, R.Y. Shopa, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, E.Ł. Stępień, W. Wiślicki, B. Zgardzińska, and P. Moskal
Subjects: Positron emission tomography, Time over threshold, Positronium atoms, Medical imaging, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract: Abstract Purpose The time-over-threshold (TOT) technique is being used widely due to itsimplications in developing the multi-channel readouts, mainly when fast signal processing is required. Using the TOT technique, as a measure of energy loss instead of charge integration methods, significantly reduces the signal readout costs by combining the time and energy information. Therefore, this approach can potentially be utilized in J-PET tomograph which is built from plastic scintillators characterized by fast light signals. The drawback in adopting this technique lies in the non-linear correlation between input energy loss and TOT of the signal. The main motivation behind this work is to develop the relationship between TOT and energy loss and validate it by the J-PET tomograph setup. Methods The experiment was performed using a 22Na beta emitter source placed in the center of the J-PET tomograph. This isotope produces photons of two different energies: 511 keV photons from the positron annihilation (direct annihilation or through the formation of a para-positronium atom or pick-off process of ortho-positronium atoms) and a 1275 keV prompt photon. This allows the study of the correlation between TOT values and energy loss for energy ranges up to 1000 keV. Since the photon interacts predominantly via Compton scattering inside the plastic scintillator, there is no direct information of the energy deposition. However, using the J-PET geometry, one can measure the scattering angle of the interacting photon. Since the 22Na source emits photons of two different energies, it is necessary to know unambiguously the energy of incident photons and their corresponding scattering angles in order to estimate energy deposition. In summary, this work presents a dedicated algorithm developed to tag photons of different energies and studying their scattering angles to calculate the energy deposition by the interacting photons. Results A new method was elaborated to measure the energy loss by photons interacting with plastic scintillators used in the J-PET tomograph. We find the relationship between the energy loss and TOT is non-linear and can be described by the functions TOT = A0 + A1 * ln(E dep + A2) + A3 * (ln(E dep + A2))2 and TOT = A0 - A1 * A2 E dep $^{E_{dep}}\phantom {\dot {i}\!}$ . In addition, we also introduced a theoretical model to calculate the TOT as a function of energy loss in plastic scintillators. Conclusions A relationship between TOT and energy loss by photons interacting inside the plastic scintillators used in J-PET scanner is established for a deposited energy range of 100–1000 keV.
Published: 2020
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3. Performance assessment of the 2 γpositronium imaging with the total-body PET scanners

Author: P. Moskal, D. Kisielewska, R. Y. Shopa, Z. Bura, J. Chhokar, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, M. Dadgar, K. Dulski, J. Gajewski, A. Gajos, M. Gorgol, R. Del Grande, B. C. Hiesmayr, B. Jasińska, K. Kacprzak, A. Kamińska, Ł Kapłon, H. Karimi, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, N. Krawczyk, W. Krzemień, T. Kozik, E. Kubicz, P. Małczak, M. Mohammed, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, M. Pędziwiatr, L. Raczyński, J. Raj, A. Ruciński, S. Sharma, S. Shivani, M. Silarski, M. Skurzok, E. Ł. Stępień, S. Vandenberghe, W. Wiślicki, and B. Zgardzińska
Subjects: PET, Positronium imaging, Total-body PET, Medical imaging, Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine, R895-920
Abstract: Abstract Purpose In living organisms, the positron-electron annihilation (occurring during the PET imaging) proceeds in about 30% via creation of a metastable ortho-positronium atom. In the tissue, due to the pick-off and conversion processes, over 98% of ortho-positronia annihilate into two 511 keV photons. In this article, we assess the feasibility for reconstruction of the mean ortho-positronium lifetime image based on annihilations into two photons. The main objectives of this work include the (i) estimation of the sensitivity of the total-body PET scanners for the ortho-positronium mean lifetime imaging using 2γ annihilations and (ii) estimation of the spatial and time resolution of the ortho-positronium image as a function of the coincidence resolving time (CRT) of the scanner. Methods Simulations are conducted assuming that radiopharmaceutical is labeled with 44 S c isotope emitting one positron and one prompt gamma. The image is reconstructed on the basis of triple coincidence events. The ortho-positronium lifetime spectrum is determined for each voxel of the image. Calculations were performed for cases of total-body detectors build of (i) LYSO scintillators as used in the EXPLORER PET and (ii) plastic scintillators as anticipated for the cost-effective total-body J-PET scanner. To assess the spatial and time resolution, the four cases were considered assuming that CRT is equal to 500 ps, 140 ps, 50 ps, and 10 ps. Results The estimated total-body PET sensitivity for the registration and selection of image forming triple coincidences (2γ+γ prompt) is larger by a factor of 13.5 (for LYSO PET) and by factor of 5.2 (for plastic PET) with respect to the sensitivity for the standard 2γ imaging by LYSO PET scanners with AFOV = 20 cm. The spatial resolution of the ortho-positronium image is comparable with the resolution achievable when using TOF-FBP algorithms already for CRT = 50 ps. For the 20-min scan, the resolution better than 20 ps is expected for the mean ortho-positronium lifetime image determination. Conclusions Ortho-positronium mean lifetime imaging based on the annihilations into two photons and prompt gamma is shown to be feasible with the advent of the high sensitivity total-body PET systems and time resolution of the order of tens of picoseconds.
Published: 2020
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4. Feasibility studies of the polarization of photons beyond the optical wavelength regime with the J-PET detector

Author: P. Moskal, N. Krawczyk, B. C. Hiesmayr, M. Bała, C. Curceanu, E. Czerwiński, K. Dulski, A. Gajos, M. Gorgol, R. Del Grande, B. Jasińska, K. Kacprzak, L. Kapłon, D. Kisielewska, K. Klimaszewski, G. Korcyl, P. Kowalski, T. Kozik, W. Krzemień, E. Kubicz, M. Mohammed, Sz. Niedźwiecki, M. Pałka, M. Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, L. Raczyński, J. Raj, Z. Rudy, S. Sharma, M. Silarski, Shivani, R. Y. Shopa, M. Skurzok, W. Wiślicki, and B. Zgardzińska
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract J-PET is a detector optimized for registration of photons from the electron–positron annihilation via plastic scintillators where photons interact predominantly via Compton scattering. Registration of both primary and scattered photons enables to determinate the linear polarization of the primary photon on the event by event basis with a certain probability. Here we present quantitative results on the feasibility of such polarization measurements of photons from the decay of positronium with the J-PET and explore the physical limitations for the resolution of the polarization determination of 511 keV photons via Compton scattering. For scattering angles of about 82$$^\circ $$ ∘ (where the best contrast for polarization measurement is theoretically predicted) we find that the single event resolution for the determination of the polarization is about 40$$^\circ $$ ∘ (predominantly due to properties of the Compton effect). However, for samples larger than ten thousand events the J-PET is capable of determining relative average polarization of these photons with the precision of about few degrees. The obtained results open new perspectives for studies of various physics phenomena such as quantum entanglement and tests of discrete symmetries in decays of positronium and extend the energy range of polarization measurements by five orders of magnitude beyond the optical wavelength regime.
Published: 2018
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5. Global scaling of the heat transport in fusion plasmas

Author: Sara Moradi, Johan Anderson, Michele Romanelli, Hyun-Tae Kim, JET contributors, X. Litaudon, S. Abduallev, M. Abhangi, P. Abreu, M. Afzal, K. M. Aggarwal, T. Ahlgren, J. H. Ahn, L. Aho-Mantila, N. Aiba, M. Airila, R. Albanese, V. Aldred, D. Alegre, E. Alessi, P. Aleynikov, A. Alfier, A. Alkseev, M. Allinson, B. Alper, E. Alves, G. Ambrosino, R. Ambrosino, L. Amicucci, V. Amosov, E. Andersson Sundén, M. Angelone, M. Anghel, C. Angioni, L. Appel, C. Appelbee, P. Arena, M. Ariola, H. Arnichand, S. Arshad, A. Ash, N. Ashikawa, V. Aslanyan, O. Asunta, F. Auriemma, Y. Austin, L. Avotina, M. D. Axton, C. Ayres, M. Bacharis, A. Baciero, D. Baião, S. Bailey, A. Baker, I. Balboa, M. Balden, N. Balshaw, R. Bament, J. W. Banks, Y. F. Baranov, M. A. Barnard, D. Barnes, M. Barnes, R. Barnsley, A. Baron Wiechec, L. Barrera Orte, M. Baruzzo, V. Basiuk, M. Bassan, R. Bastow, A. Batista, P. Batistoni, R. Baughan, B. Bauvir, L. Baylor, B. Bazylev, J. Beal, P. S. Beaumont, M. Beckers, B. Beckett, A. Becoulet, N. Bekris, M. Beldishevski, K. Bell, F. Belli, M. Bellinger, É. Belonohy, N. Ben Ayed, N. A. Benterman, H. Bergsȧker, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, M. Berry, L. Bertalot, C. Besliu, M. Beurskens, B. Bieg, J. Bielecki, T. Biewer, M. Bigi, P. Bìlkovà, F. Binda, A. Bisoffi, J. P. S. Bizarro, C. Björkas, J. Blackburn, K. Blackman, T. R. Blackman, P. Blanchard, P. Blatchford, V. Bobkov, A. Boboc, G. Bodnàr, O. Bogar, I. Bolshakova, T. Bolzonella, N. Bonanomi, F. Bonelli, J. Boom, J. Booth, D. Borba, D. Borodin, I. Borodkina, A. Botrugno, C. Bottereau, P. Boulting, C. Bourdelle, M. Bowden, C. Bower, C. Bowman, T. Boyce, C. Boyd, H. J. Boyer, J. M. A. Bradshaw, V. Braic, R. Bravanec, B. Breizman, S. Bremond, P. D. Brennan, S. Breton, A. Brett, S. Brezinsek, M. D. J. Bright, M. Brix, W. Broeckx, M. Brombin, A. Brosawski, D. P. D. Brown, M. Brown, E. Bruno, J. Bucalossi, J. Buch, J. Buchanan, M. A. Buckley, R. Budny, H. Bufferand, M. Bulman, N. Bulmer, P. Bunting, P. Buratti, A. Burckhart, A. Buscarino, A. Busse, N. K. Butler, I. Bykov, J. Byrne, P. Cahyna, G. Calabrò, I. Calvo, Y. Camenen, P. Camp, D. C. Campling, J. Cane, B. Cannas, A. J. Capel, P. J. Card, A. Cardinali, P. Carman, M. Carr, D. Carralero, L. Carraro, B. B. Carvalho, I. Carvalho, P. Carvalho, F. J. Casson, C. Castaldo, N. Catarino, J. Caumont, F. Causa, R. Cavazzana, K. Cave-Ayland, M. Cavinato, M. Cecconello, S. Ceccuzzi, E. Cecil, A. Cenedese, R. Cesario, C. D. Challis, M. Chandler, D. Chandra, C. S. Chang, A. Chankin, I. T. Chapman, S. C. Chapman, M. Chernyshova, G. Chitarin, G. Ciraolo, D. Ciric, J. Citrin, F. Clairet, E. Clark, M. Clark, R. Clarkson, D. Clatworthy, C. Clements, M. Cleverly, J. P. Coad, P. A. Coates, A. Cobalt, V. Coccorese, V. Cocilovo, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J. W. Coenen, I. Coffey, L. Colas, S. Collins, D. Conka, S. Conroy, N. Conway, D. Coombs, D. Cooper, S. R. Cooper, C. Corradino, Y. Corre, G. Corrigan, S. Cortes, D. Coster, A. S. Couchman, M. P. Cox, T. Craciunescu, S. Cramp, R. Craven, F. Crisanti, G. Croci, D. Croft, K. Crombé, R. Crowe, N. Cruz, G. Cseh, A. Cufar, A. Cullen, M. Curuia, A. Czarnecka, H. Dabirikhah, P. Dalgliesh, S. Dalley, J. Dankowski, D. Darrow, O. Davies, W. Davis, C. Day, I. E. Day, M. De Bock, A. de Castro, E. de la Cal, E. de la Luna, G. De Masi, J. L. de Pablos, G. De Temmerman, G. De Tommasi, P. de Vries, K. Deakin, J. Deane, F. Degli Agostini, R. Dejarnac, E. Delabie, N. den Harder, R. O. Dendy, J. Denis, P. Denner, S. Devaux, P. Devynck, F. Di Maio, A. Di Siena, C. Di Troia, P. Dinca, R. Dinca, B. Ding, T. Dittmar, H. Doerk, R. P. Doerner, T. Donné, S. E. Dorling, S. Dormido-Canto, S. Doswon, D. Douai, P. T. Doyle, A. Drenik, P. Drewelow, P. Drews, Ph. Duckworth, R. Dumont, P. Dumortier, D. Dunai, M. Dunne, I. Duran, F. Durodié, P. Dutta, B. P. Duval, R. Dux, K. Dylst, N. Dzysiuk, P. V. Edappala, J. Edmond, A. M. Edwards, J. Edwards, Th. Eich, A. Ekedahl, R. El-Jorf, C. G. Elsmore, M. Enachescu, G. Ericsson, F. Eriksson, J. Eriksson, L. G. Eriksson, B. Esposito, S. Esquembri, H. G. Esser, D. Esteve, B. Evans, G. E. Evans, G. Evison, G. D. Ewart, D. Fagan, M. Faitsch, D. Falie, A. Fanni, A. Fasoli, J. M. Faustin, N. Fawlk, L. Fazendeiro, N. Fedorczak, R. C. Felton, K. Fenton, A. Fernades, H. Fernandes, J. Ferreira, J. A. Fessey, O. Février, O. Ficker, A. Field, S. Fietz, A. Figueiredo, J. Figueiredo, A. Fil, P. Finburg, M. Firdaouss, U. Fischer, L. Fittill, M. Fitzgerald, D. Flammini, J. Flanagan, C. Fleming, K. Flinders, N. Fonnesu, J. M. Fontdecaba, A. Formisano, L. Forsythe, L. Fortuna, E. Fortuna-Zalesna, M. Fortune, S. Foster, T. Franke, T. Franklin, M. Frasca, L. Frassinetti, M. Freisinger, R. Fresa, D. Frigione, V. Fuchs, D. Fuller, S. Futatani, J. Fyvie, K. Gàl, D. Galassi, K. Galazka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, J. Gallagher, D. Gallart, R. Galvão, X. Gao, Y. Gao, J. Garcia, A. Garcia-Carrasco, M. Garca-Munoz, J.-L. Gardarein, L. Garzotti, P. Gaudio, E. Gauthier, D. F. Gear, S. J. Gee, B. Geiger, M. Gelfusa, S. Gerasimov, G. Gervasini, M. Gethins, Z. Ghani, M. Ghate, M. Gherendi, J. C. Giacalone, L. Giacomelli, C. S. Gibson, T. Giegerich, C. Gil, L. Gil, S. Gilligan, D. Gin, E. Giovannozzi, J. B. Girardo, C. Giroud, G. Giruzzi, S. Glöggler, J. Godwin, J. Goff, P. Gohil, V. Goloborod'ko, R. Gomes, B. Goncalves, M. Goniche, M. Goodliffe, A. Goodyear, G. Gorini, M. Gosk, R. Goulding, A. Goussarov, R. Gowland, B. Graham, M. E. Graham, J. P. Graves, N. Grazier, P. Grazier, N. R. Green, H. Greuner, B. Grierson, F. S. Griph, C. Grisolia, D. Grist, M. Groth, R. Grove, C. N. Grundy, J. Grzonka, D. Guard, C. Guérard, C. Guillemaut, R. Guirlet, C. Gurl, H. H. Utoh, L. J. Hackett, S. Hacquin, A. Hagar, R. Hager, A. Hakola, M. Halitovs, S. J. Hall, S. P. Hallworth Cook, C. Hamlyn-Harris, K. Hammond, C. Harrington, J. Harrison, D. Harting, F. Hasenbeck, Y. Hatano, D. R. Hatch, T. D. V. Haupt, J. Hawes, N. C. Hawkes, J. Hawkins, P. Hawkins, P. W. Haydon, N. Hayter, S. Hazel, P. J. L. Heesterman, K. Heinola, C. Hellesen, T. Hellsten, W. Helou, O. N. Hemming, T. C. Hender, M. Henderson, S. S. Henderson, R. Henriques, D. Hepple, G. Hermon, P. Hertout, C. Hidalgo, E. G. Highcock, M. Hill, J. Hillairet, J. Hillesheim, D. Hillis, K. Hizanidis, A. Hjalmarsson, J. Hobirk, E. Hodille, C. H. A. Hogben, G. M. D. Hogeweij, A. Hollingsworth, S. Hollis, D. A. Homfray, J. Horàcek, G. Hornung, A. R. Horton, L. D. Horton, L. Horvath, S. P. Hotchin, M. R. Hough, P. J. Howarth, A. Hubbard, A. Huber, V. Huber, T. M. Huddleston, M. Hughes, G. T. A. Huijsmans, C. L. Hunter, P. Huynh, A. M. Hynes, D. Iglesias, N. Imazawa, F. Imbeaux, M. Imrìŝek, M. Incelli, P. Innocente, M. Irishkin, I. Ivanova-Stanik, S. Jachmich, A. S. Jacobsen, P. Jacquet, J. Jansons, A. Jardin, A. Järvinen, F. Jaulmes, S. Jednoróq, I. Jenkins, C. Jeong, I. Jepu, E. Joffrin, R. Johnson, T. Johnson, Jane Johnston, L. Joita, G. Jones, T. T. C. Jones, K. K. Hoshino, A. Kallenbach, K. Kamiya, J. Kaniewski, A. Kantor, A. Kappatou, J. Karhunen, D. Karkinsky, I. Karnowska, M. Kaufman, G. Kaveney, Y. Kazakov, V. Kazantzidis, D. L. Keeling, T. Keenan, J. Keep, M. Kempenaars, C. Kennedy, D. Kenny, J. Kent, O. N. Kent, E. Khilkevich, H. T. Kim, H. S. Kim, A. Kinch, C. King, D. King, R. F. King, D. J. Kinna, V. Kiptily, A. Kirk, K. Kirov, A. Kirschner, G. Kizane, C. Klepper, A. Klix, P. Knight, S. J. Knipe, S. Knott, T. Kobuchi, F. Köchl, G. Kocsis, I. Kodeli, L. Kogan, D. Kogut, S. Koivuranta, Y. Kominis, M. Köppen, B. Kos, T. Koskela, H. R. Koslowski, M. Koubiti, M. Kovari, E. Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, A. Krasilnikov, V. Krasilnikov, N. Krawczyk, M. Kresina, K. Krieger, A. Krivska, U. Kruezi, I. Ksiazek, A. Kukushkin, A. Kundu, T. Kurki-Suonio, S. Kwak, R. Kwiatkowski, O. J. Kwon, L. Laguardia, A. Lahtinen, A. Laing, N. Lam, H. T. Lambertz, C. Lane, P. T. Lang, S. Lanthaler, J. Lapins, A. Lasa, J. R. Last, E. Laszynska, R. Lawless, A. Lawson, K. D. Lawson, A. Lazaros, E. Lazzaro, J. Leddy, S. Lee, X. Lefebvre, H. J. Leggate, J. Lehmann, M. Lehnen, D. Leichtle, P. Leichuer, F. Leipold, I. Lengar, M. Lennholm, E. Lerche, A. Lescinskis, S. Lesnoj, E. Letellier, M. Leyland, W. Leysen, L. Li, Y. Liang, J. Likonen, J. Linke, Ch. Linsmeier, B. Lipschultz, G. Liu, Y. Liu, V. P. Lo Schiavo, T. Loarer, A. Loarte, R. C. Lobel, B. Lomanowski, P. J. Lomas, J. Lönnroth, J. M. López, J. López-Razola, R. Lorenzini, U. Losada, J. J. Lovell, A. B. Loving, C. Lowry, T. Luce, R. M. A. Lucock, A. Lukin, C. Luna, M. Lungaroni, C. P. Lungu, M. Lungu, A. Lunniss, I. Lupelli, A. Lyssoivan, N. Macdonald, P. Macheta, K. Maczewa, B. Magesh, P. Maget, C. Maggi, H. Maier, J. Mailloux, T. Makkonen, R. Makwana, A. Malaquias, A. Malizia, P. Manas, A. Manning, M. E. Manso, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, A. Manzanares, Ph. Maquet, Y. Marandet, N. Marcenko, C. Marchetto, O. Marchuk, M. Marinelli, M. Marinucci, T. Markovic, D. Marocco, L. Marot, C. A. Marren, R. Marshal, A. Martin, Y. Martin, A. Martín de Aguilera, F. J. Martínez, J. R. Martín-Solís, Y. Martynova, S. Maruyama, A. Masiello, M. Maslov, S. Matejcik, M. Mattei, G. F. Matthews, F. Maviglia, M. Mayer, M. L. Mayoral, T. May-Smith, D. Mazon, C. Mazzotta, R. McAdams, P. J. McCarthy, K. G. McClements, O. McCormack, P. A. McCullen, D. McDonald, S. McIntosh, R. McKean, J. McKehon, R. C. Meadows, A. Meakins, F. Medina, M. Medland, S. Medley, S. Meigh, A. G. Meigs, G. Meisl, S. Meitner, L. Meneses, S. Menmuir, K. Mergia, I. R. Merrigan, Ph. Mertens, S. Meshchaninov, A. Messiaen, H. Meyer, S. Mianowski, R. Michling, D. Middleton-Gear, J. Miettunen, F. Militello, E. Militello-Asp, G. Miloshevsky, F. Mink, S. Minucci, Y. Miyoshi, J. Mlynàr, D. Molina, I. Monakhov, M. Moneti, R. Mooney, S. Moradi, S. Mordijck, L. Moreira, R. Moreno, F. Moro, A. W. Morris, J. Morris, L. Moser, S. Mosher, D. Moulton, A. Murari, A. Muraro, S. Murphy, N. N. Asakura, Y. S. Na, F. Nabais, R. Naish, T. Nakano, E. Nardon, V. Naulin, M. F. F. Nave, I. Nedzelski, G. Nemtsev, F. Nespoli, A. Neto, R. Neu, V. S. Neverov, M. Newman, K. J. Nicholls, T. Nicolas, A. H. Nielsen, P. Nielsen, E. Nilsson, D. Nishijima, C. Noble, M. Nocente, D. Nodwell, K. Nordlund, H. Nordman, R. Nouailletas, I. Nunes, M. Oberkofler, T. Odupitan, M. T. Ogawa, T. O'Gorman, M. Okabayashi, R. Olney, O. Omolayo, M. O'Mullane, J. Ongena, F. Orsitto, J. Orszagh, B. I. Oswuigwe, R. Otin, A. Owen, R. Paccagnella, N. Pace, D. Pacella, L. W. Packer, A. Page, E. Pajuste, S. Palazzo, S. Pamela, S. Panja, P. Papp, R. Paprok, V. Parail, M. Park, F. Parra Diaz, M. Parsons, R. Pasqualotto, A. Patel, S. Pathak, D. Paton, H. Patten, A. Pau, E. Pawelec, C. Paz Soldan, A. Peackoc, I. J. Pearson, S.-P. Pehkonen, E. Peluso, C. Penot, A. Pereira, R. Pereira, P. P. Pereira Puglia, C. Perez von Thun, S. Peruzzo, S. Peschanyi, M. Peterka, P. Petersson, G. Petravich, A. Petre, N. Petrella, V. Petrzilka, Y. Peysson, D. Pfefferlé, V. Philipps, M. Pillon, G. Pintsuk, P. Piovesan, A. Pires dos Reis, L. Piron, A. Pironti, F. Pisano, R. Pitts, F. Pizzo, V. Plyusnin, N. Pomaro, O. G. Pompilian, P. J. Pool, S. Popovichev, M. T. Porfiri, C. Porosnicu, M. Porton, G. Possnert, S. Potzel, T. Powell, J. Pozzi, V. Prajapati, R. Prakash, G. Prestopino, D. Price, M. Price, R. Price, P. Prior, R. Proudfoot, G. Pucella, P. Puglia, M. E. Puiatti, D. Pulley, K. Purahoo, Th. Pütterich, E. Rachlew, M. Rack, R. Ragona, M. S. J. Rainford, A. Rakha, G. Ramogida, S. Ranjan, C. J. Rapson, J. J. Rasmussen, K. Rathod, G. Rattà, S. Ratynskaia, G. Ravera, C. Rayner, M. Rebai, D. Reece, A. Reed, D. Réfy, B. Regan, J. Regana, M. Reich, N. Reid, F. Reimold, M. Reinhart, M. Reinke, D. Reiser, D. Rendell, C. Reux, S. D. A. Reyes Cortes, S. Reynolds, V. Riccardo, N. Richardson, K. Riddle, D. Rigamonti, F. G. Rimini, J. Risner, M. Riva, C. Roach, R. J. Robins, S. A. Robinson, T. Robinson, D. W. Robson, R. Roccella, R. Rodionov, P. Rodrigues, J. Rodriguez, V. Rohde, F. Romanelli, M. Romanelli, S. Romanelli, J. Romazanov, S. Rowe, M. Rubel, G. Rubinacci, G. Rubino, L. Ruchko, M. Ruiz, C. Ruset, J. Rzadkiewicz, S. Saarelma, R. Sabot, E. Safi, P. Sagar, G. Saibene, F. Saint-Laurent, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, R. Salmon, F. Salzedas, D. Samaddar, U. Samm, D. Sandiford, P. Santa, M. I. K. Santala, B. Santos, A. Santucci, F. Sartori, R. Sartori, O. Sauter, R. Scannell, T. Schlummer, K. Schmid, V. Schmidt, S. Schmuck, M. Schneider, K. Schöpf, D. Schwörer, S. D. Scott, G. Sergienko, M. Sertoli, A. Shabbir, S. E. Sharapov, A. Shaw, R. Shaw, H. Sheikh, A. Shepherd, A. Shevelev, A. Shumack, G. Sias, M. Sibbald, B. Sieglin, S. Silburn, A. Silva, C. Silva, P. A. Simmons, J. Simpson, J. Simpson-Hutchinson, A. Sinha, S. K. Sipilä, A. C. C. Sips, P. Sirén, A. Sirinelli, H. Sjöstrand, M. Skiba, R. Skilton, K. Slabkowska, B. Slade, N. Smith, P. G. Smith, R. Smith, T. J. Smith, M. Smithies, L. Snoj, S. Soare, E. R. Solano, A. Somers, C. Sommariva, P. Sonato, A. Sopplesa, J. Sousa, C. Sozzi, S. Spagnolo, T. Spelzini, F. Spineanu, G. Stables, I. Stamatelatos, M. F. Stamp, P. Staniec, G. Stankunas, C. Stan-Sion, M. J. Stead, E. Stefanikova, I. Stepanov, A. V. Stephen, M. Stephen, A. Stevens, B. D. Stevens, J. Strachan, P. Strand, H. R. Strauss, P. Ström, G. Stubbs, W. Studholme, F. Subba, H. P. Summers, J. Svensson, L. Swiderski, T. Szabolics, M. Szawlowski, G. Szepesi, T. T. Suzuki, B. Tàl, T. Tala, A. R. Talbot, S. Talebzadeh, C. Taliercio, P. Tamain, C. Tame, W. Tang, M. Tardocchi, L. Taroni, D. Taylor, K. A. Taylor, D. Tegnered, G. Telesca, N. Teplova, D. Terranova, D. Testa, E. Tholerus, J. Thomas, J. D. Thomas, P. Thomas, A. Thompson, C.-A. Thompson, V. K. Thompson, L. Thorne, A. Thornton, A. S. Thrysoe, P. A. Tigwell, N. Tipton, I. Tiseanu, H. Tojo, M. Tokitani, P. Tolias, M. Tomes, P. Tonner, M. Towndrow, P. Trimble, M. Tripsky, M. Tsalas, P. Tsavalas, D. Tskhakaya jun, I. Turner, M. M. Turner, M. Turnyanskiy, G. Tvalashvili, S. G. J. Tyrrell, A. Uccello, Z. Ul-Abidin, J. Uljanovs, D. Ulyatt, H. Urano, I. Uytdenhouwen, A. P. Vadgama, D. Valcarcel, M. Valentinuzzi, M. Valisa, P. Vallejos Olivares, M. Valovic, M. Van De Mortel, D. Van Eester, W. Van Renterghem, G. J. van Rooij, J. Varje, S. Varoutis, S. Vartanian, K. Vasava, T. Vasilopoulou, J. Vega, G. Verdoolaege, R. Verhoeven, C. Verona, G. Verona Rinati, E. Veshchev, N. Vianello, J. Vicente, E. Viezzer, S. Villari, F. Villone, P. Vincenzi, I. Vinyar, B. Viola, A. Vitins, Z. Vizvary, M. Vlad, I. Voitsekhovitch, P. Vondràcek, N. Vora, T. Vu, W. W. Pires de Sa, B. Wakeling, C. W. F. Waldon, N. Walkden, M. Walker, R. Walker, M. Walsh, E. Wang, N. Wang, S. Warder, R. J. Warren, J. Waterhouse, N. W. Watkins, C. Watts, T. Wauters, A. Weckmann, J. Weiland, H. Weisen, M. Weiszflog, C. Wellstood, A. T. West, M. R. Wheatley, S. Whetham, A. M. Whitehead, B. D. Whitehead, A. M. Widdowson, S. Wiesen, J. Wilkinson, J. Williams, M. Williams, A. R. Wilson, D. J. Wilson, H. R. Wilson, J. Wilson, M. Wischmeier, G. Withenshaw, A. Withycombe, D. M. Witts, D. Wood, R. Wood, C. Woodley, S. Wray, J. Wright, J. C. Wright, J. Wu, S. Wukitch, A. Wynn, T. Xu, D. Yadikin, W. Yanling, L. Yao, V. Yavorskij, M. G. Yoo, C. Young, D. Young, I. D. Young, R. Young, J. Zacks, R. Zagorski, F. S. Zaitsev, R. Zanino, A. Zarins, K. D. Zastrow, M. Zerbini, W. Zhang, Y. Zhou, E. Zilli, V. Zoita, S. Zoletnik, and I. Zychor
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: A global heat flux model based on a fractional derivative of plasma pressure is proposed for the heat transport in fusion plasmas. The degree of the fractional derivative of the heat flux, α, is defined through the power balance analysis of the steady state. The model was used to obtain the experimental values of α for a large database of the Joint European Torus (JET) carbon-wall as well as ITER like-wall plasmas. The fractional degrees of the electron heat flux are found to be α
Published: 2020
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6. Das Hidradenoma papilliferum der Labie als seltene Differentialdiagnose der vulvären Raumforderungen

Author: M Neubacher, B Burghardt, T Fehm, and N Krawczyk
Published: 2022

7. Mammakarzinom der älteren Patientin: eine retrospektive Analyse der Behandlungsverläufe und der Leitlinienadhärenz

Author: N Jost, K Milewski, N Krawczyk, L Hanker, A Rody, and M Babys-Paluchowski
Published: 2022

8. Sekundär metastasiertes Mammakarzinom mit Knochenmarkkarzinose in der Schwangerschaft: Ein Case Report

Author: M Pruss, F Borgmeier, C Hagenbeck, F Dietzel, L-C Cristina, T Fehm, E Ruckhäberle, and N Krawczyk
Published: 2022

9. Palliative Therapie eines rezidivierten sekundären Angiosarkoms der Mamma

Author: V Friebe, E Ruckhäberle, N Krawczyk, S Mohrmann, T Kaleta, J Hoffmann, and T Fehm
Published: 2022

10. Whole exome analysis to select targeted therapies for patients with metastatic breast or advanced gynecological cancer: a feasibility study

Author: B Jäger, N Krawczyk, AS Japp, E Honisch, AK Volkmer, A-S Vesper, I Esposito, E Ruckhäberle, D Niederacher, and T Fehm
Published: 2022

11. Assessment and comparison of thermal sensations for a traditional and modern building

Author: L Dębska and N Krawczyk
Subjects: History, Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract: The proper design of buildings should ensure that the indoor conditions are comfortable, and users experience thermal comfort throughout the year, especially in sophisticated, modern intelligent buildings. The existing model of thermal comfort comes from the 60’s/70’s and was the basis for the ISO 7730 Standard. It utilizes the concept of the PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD (Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied) indicators. The current paper compares the actual expressions of people (as indicated by them in the anonymous questionnaires) with the PMV/PPD values calculated according to the Standard. Differences between these values have been discussed and conclusions have been drawn as to the usability of this thermal comfort model in intelligent buildings, which still seem to be a novelty in Central European countries and data on their thermal comfort performance is still quite modest.
Published: 2023

12. Traditional and Intelligent Buildings – Perceptions of Thermal Comfort

Author: N. KRAWCZYK
Abstract: The article presents the perception of thermal comfort in two buildings, intelligent and traditional. 32 people aged 18 to 22 and one women aged 52 participated in the study. Two indicators were analyzed, PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD (Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied). The analysis consisted in comparing the actual feelings of the respondents with the results based on Fanger's model. The assessment of air humidity and thermal preferences are also shown.
Published: 2022

13. Comparison of predictive mutations in circulating tumor cells and matched tissue biopsies from metastatic breast cancer patients

Author: A. Franken, B. Jaeger, M. Rivandi, L. Yang, F. Meier-Stiegen, F. Reinhardt, N. Krawczyk, D. Niederacher, T. Fehm, and H. Neubauer
Published: 2022

14. Die chronische Inflammation der Brust – ein Fallbericht der granulomatösen Mastitis

Author: M. Neubacher, N. Krawczyk, S. Mohrmann, T. Kaleta, J. Hoffmann, M. Pruss, and T. Fehm
Published: 2022

15. Mammakarzinom-bedingte Knochenmarkkarzinose in der Schwangerschaft: ein Case Report

Author: M. Pruss, F. Borgmeier, M. Neubacher, C. Hagenbeck, F. Dietzel, E. Ruckhäberle, T. Fehm, and N. Krawczyk
Published: 2022

16. Whole exome analysis to select targeted therapies for patients with metastatic breast cancer – a feasibility study

Author: B. Jäger, N. Krawczyk, A. Japp, E. Honisch, U. Grolik, D. Ruhl, S. Strunk, A.K. Volkmer, A.-S. Vesper, E. Ruckhäberle, D. Niederacher, and T. Fehm
Published: 2022

17. Einfluss des Restdrüsenparenchyms der Mamma (RGT) nach prophylaktischer Mastektomie, detektiert durch MRT Mammographie: Ergebnisse einer monozentrischen Studie

Author: S. Mohrmann, L. Kolberg, K. Zwiefel, C. Nestle-Krämling, J. Hoffmann, N. Krawczyk, T. Kaleta, D. Haas, V. Friebe, P. Reinecke, T. Fehm, and F. Dietzel
Published: 2022

18. Hämophagozytische Lymphohistiozytose (HLH) beim metastasierten Mammakarzinom – ein Case Report

Author: V. Wiesener, E. Ruckhäberle, N. Gattermann, M. Pruss, F. Dietzel, C. Nestle-Krämling, T. Fehm, and N. Krawczyk
Published: 2022

19. Analyse der Behandlungsverläufe nach rekonstruktiven und plastisch-ästhetischen Brustoperationen mittels Latissimus dorsi-Lappentechnik in der klinischen Routine in einem zertifizierten Brustzentrum

Author: L. Brus, P. Paluchowski, N. Krawczyk, N. Bündgen, A. Rody, L. Hanker, M.L. Gasparri, and M. Banys-Paluchowski
Published: 2022

20. Synchronization and Calibration of the 24-Modules J-PET Prototype With 300-mm Axial Field of View

Author: Sz. Niedzwiecki, Muhsin Mohammed, J. Raj, D. Kisielewska, L. Kaplon, M. Bała, G. Korcyl, R. Y. Shopa, J. Chhokar, Tomasz Bednarski, M. Dadgar, Shivani, Bożena Jasińska, W. Wislicki, Konrad Klimaszewski, Magdalena Skurzok, M. Pawlik-Niedzwiecka, N. Krawczyk, Bożena Zgardzińska, Aleksander Gajos, Marek Palka, E. L. Stepien, Sushil K. Sharma, Wojciech Krzemien, Paweł Kowalski, Tomasz Kozik, Catalina Curceanu, H. Karimi, Kamil Dulski, Marek Gorgol, Paweł Moskal, Lech Raczyński, Ewelina Kubicz, Michał Silarski, Eryk Czerwiński, R. Del Grande, K. Kacprzak, N. Gupta-Sharma, and Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
Subjects: Physics, Photomultiplier, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 02 engineering and technology, STRIPS, Physics - Medical Physics, Synchronization, law.invention, Data acquisition, Optics, law, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Calibration, Medical Physics (physics.med-ph), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Photonics, business, Axial symmetry, Instrumentation, Electronic circuit
Abstract: Research conducted in the framework of the J-PET project aims to develop a cost-effective total-body positron emission tomography scanner. As a first step on the way to construct a full-scale J-PET tomograph from long strips of plastic scintillators, a 24-strip prototype was built and tested. The prototype consists of detection modules arranged axially forming a cylindrical diagnostic chamber with the inner diameter of 360 mm and the axial field-of-view of 300 mm. Promising perspectives for a low-cost construction of a total-body PET scanner are opened due to an axial arrangement of strips of plastic scintillators, wchich have a small light attenuation, superior timing properties, and the possibility of cost-effective increase of the axial field-of-view. The presented prototype comprises dedicated solely digital front-end electronic circuits and a triggerless data acquisition system which required development of new calibration methods including time, thresholds and gain synchronization. The system and elaborated calibration methods including first results of the 24-module J-PET prototype are presented and discussed. The achieved coincidence resolving time equals to CRT = 490 $\pm$ 9 ps. This value can be translated to the position reconstruction accuracy $\sigma(\Delta l) =$ 18 mm which is fairly position-independent., Comment: Accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
Published: 2021

21. Experimental confirmation of efficient island divertor operation and successful neoclassical transport optimization in Wendelstein 7-X

Author: Thomas Sunn Pedersen, I. Abramovic, P. Agostinetti, M. Agredano Torres, S. Äkäslompolo, J. Alcuson Belloso, P. Aleynikov, K. Aleynikova, M. Alhashimi, A. Ali, N. Allen, A. Alonso, G. Anda, T. Andreeva, C. Angioni, A. Arkhipov, A. Arnold, W. Asad, E. Ascasibar, M.-H. Aumeunier, K. Avramidis, E. Aymerich, S.-G. Baek, J. Bähner, A. Baillod, M. Balden, J. Baldzuhn, S. Ballinger, M. Banduch, S. Bannmann, A. Banon Navarro, A. Bañón Navarro, T. Barbui, C. Beidler, C. Belafdil, A. Bencze, A. Benndorf, M. Beurskens, C. Biedermann, O. Biletskyi, B. Blackwell, M. Blatzheim, T. Bluhm, D. Böckenhoff, G. Bongiovi, M. Borchardt, D. Borodin, J. Boscary, H. Bosch, T. Bosmann, B. Böswirth, L. Böttger, A. Bottino, S. Bozhenkov, R. Brakel, C. Brandt, T. Bräuer, H. Braune, S. Brezinsek, K. Brunner, S. Buller, R. Burhenn, R. Bussiahn, B. Buttenschön, A. Buzás, V. Bykov, I. Calvo, K. Camacho Mata, I. Caminal, B. Cannas, A. Cappa, A. Carls, F. Carovani, M. Carr, D. Carralero, B. Carvalho, J. Casas, D. Castano-Bardawil, F. Castejon, N. Chaudhary, I. Chelis, A. Chomiczewska, J.W. Coenen, M. Cole, F. Cordella, Y. Corre, K. Crombe, G. Cseh, B. Csillag, H. Damm, C. Day, M. de Baar, E. De la Cal, S. Degenkolbe, A. Demby, S. Denk, C. Dhard, A. Di Siena, A. Dinklage, T. Dittmar, M. Dreval, M. Drevlak, P. Drewelow, P. Drews, D. Dunai, E. Edlund, F. Effenberg, G. Ehrke, M. Endler, D.A. Ennis, F.J. Escoto, T. Estrada, E. Fable, N. Fahrenkamp, A. Fanni, J. Faustin, J. Fellinger, Y. Feng, W. Figacz, E. Flom, O. Ford, T. Fornal, H. Frerichs, S. Freundt, G. Fuchert, M. Fukuyama, F. Füllenbach, G. Gantenbein, Y. Gao, K. Garcia, J.M. García Regaña, I. García-Cortés, J. Gaspar, D.A. Gates, J. Geiger, B. Geiger, L. Giudicotti, A. González, A. Goriaev, D. Gradic, M. Grahl, J.P. Graves, J. Green, E. Grelier, H. Greuner, S. Groß, H. Grote, M. Groth, M. Gruca, O. Grulke, M. Grün, J. Guerrero Arnaiz, S. Günter, V. Haak, M. Haas, P. Hacker, A. Hakola, A. Hallenbert, K. Hammond, X. Han, S.K. Hansen, J.H. Harris, H. Hartfuß, D. Hartmann, D. Hathiramani, R. Hatzky, J. Hawke, S. Hegedus, B. Hein, B. Heinemann, P. Helander, S. Henneberg, U. Hergenhahn, C. Hidalgo, F. Hindenlang, M. Hirsch, U. Höfel, K.P. Hollfeld, A. Holtz, D. Hopf, D. Höschen, M. Houry, J. Howard, X. Huang, M. Hubeny, S. Hudson, K. Ida, Y. Igitkhanov, V. Igochine, S. Illy, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, M. Isobe, M. Jabłczyńska, S. Jablonski, B. Jagielski, M. Jakubowski, A. Jansen van Vuuren, J. Jelonnek, F. Jenko, T. Jensen, H. Jenzsch, P. Junghanns, J. Kaczmarczyk, J. Kallmeyer, U. Kamionka, M. Kandler, S. Kasilov, Y. Kazakov, D. Kennedy, A. Kharwandikar, M. Khokhlov, C. Kiefer, C. Killer, A. Kirschner, R. Kleiber, T. Klinger, S. Klose, J. Knauer, A. Knieps, F. Köchl, G. Kocsis, Ya.I. Kolesnichenko, A. Könies, R. König, J. Kontula, P. Kornejew, J. Koschinsky, M.M. Kozulia, A. Krämer-Flecken, R. Krampitz, M. Krause, N. Krawczyk, T. Kremeyer, L. Krier, D.M. Kriete, M. Krychowiak, I. Ksiazek, M. Kubkowska, M. Kuczynski, G. Kühner, A. Kumar, T. Kurki-Suonio, S. Kwak, M. Landreman, P.T. Lang, A. Langenberg, H.P. Laqua, H. Laqua, R. Laube, S. Lazerson, M. Lewerentz, C. Li, Y. Liang, Ch. Linsmeier, J. Lion, A. Litnovsky, S. Liu, J. Lobsien, J. Loizu, J. Lore, A. Lorenz, U. Losada, F. Louche, R. Lunsford, V. Lutsenko, M. Machielsen, F. Mackel, J. Maisano-Brown, O. Maj, D. Makowski, G. Manduchi, E. Maragkoudakis, O. Marchuk, S. Marsen, E. Martines, J. Martinez-Fernandez, M. Marushchenko, S. Masuzaki, D. Maurer, M. Mayer, K.J. McCarthy, O. Mccormack, P. McNeely, H. Meister, B. Mendelevitch, S. Mendes, A. Merlo, A. Messian, A. Mielczarek, O. Mishchenko, B. Missal, R. Mitteau, V.E. Moiseenko, A. Mollen, V. Moncada, T. Mönnich, T. Morisaki, D. Moseev, G. Motojima, S. Mulas, M. Mulsow, M. Nagel, D. Naujoks, V. Naulin, T. Neelis, H. Neilson, R. Neu, O. Neubauer, U. Neuner, D. Nicolai, S.K. Nielsen, H. Niemann, T. Nishiza, T. Nishizawa, C. Nührenberg, R. Ochoukov, J. Oelmann, G. Offermanns, K. Ogawa, S. Okamura, J. Ölmanns, J. Ongena, J. Oosterbeek, M. Otte, N. Pablant, N. Panadero Alvarez, A. Pandey, E. Pasch, R. Pavlichenko, A. Pavone, E. Pawelec, G. Pechstein, G. Pelka, V. Perseo, B. Peterson, D. Pilopp, S. Pingel, F. Pisano, B. Plöckl, G. Plunk, P. Pölöskei, B. Pompe, A. Popov, M. Porkolab, J. Proll, M.J. Pueschel, M.-E. Puiatti, A. Puig Sitjes, F. Purps, K. Rahbarnia, M. Rasiński, J. Rasmussen, A. Reiman, F. Reimold, M. Reisner, D. Reiter, M. Richou, R. Riedl, J. Riemann, K. Riße, G. Roberg-Clark, V. Rohde, J. Romazanov, D. Rondeshagen, P. Rong, L. Rudischhauser, T. Rummel, K. Rummel, A. Runov, N. Rust, L. Ryc, P. Salembier, M. Salewski, E. Sanchez, S. Satake, G. Satheeswaran, J. Schacht, E. Scharff, F. Schauer, J. Schilling, G. Schlisio, K. Schmid, J. Schmitt, O. Schmitz, W. Schneider, M. Schneider, P. Schneider, R. Schrittwieser, T. Schröder, M. Schröder, R. Schroeder, B. Schweer, D. Schwörer, E. Scott, B. Shanahan, G. Sias, P. Sichta, M. Singer, P. Sinha, S. Sipliä, C. Slaby, M. Sleczka, H. Smith, J. Smoniewski, E. Sonnendrücker, M. Spolaore, A. Spring, R. Stadler, D. Stańczak, T. Stange, I. Stepanov, L. Stephey, J. Stober, U. Stroth, E. Strumberger, C. Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, J. Svensson, T. Szabolics, T. Szepesi, M. Szücs, F.L. Tabarés, N. Tamura, A. Tancetti, C. Tantos, J. Terry, H. Thienpondt, H. Thomsen, M. Thumm, J.M. Travere, P. Traverso, J. Tretter, E. Trier, H. Trimino Mora, T. Tsujimura, Y. Turkin, A. Tykhyi, B. Unterberg, P. van Eeten, B.Ph. van Milligen, M. van Schoor, L. Vano, S. Varoutis, M. Vecsei, L. Vela, J.L. Velasco, M. Vervier, N. Vianello, H. Viebke, R. Vilbrandt, G. Vogel, N. Vogt, C. Volkhausen, A. von Stechow, F. Wagner, E. Wang, H. Wang, F. Warmer, T. Wauters, L. Wegener, T. Wegner, G. Weir, U. Wenzel, A. White, F. Wilde, F. Wilms, T. Windisch, M. Winkler, A. Winter, V. Winters, R. Wolf, A.M. Wright, G.A. Wurden, P. Xanthopoulos, S. Xu, H. Yamada, H. Yamaguchi, M. Yokoyama, M. Yoshinuma, Q. Yu, M. Zamanov, M. Zanini, M. Zarnstorff, D. Zhang, S. Zhou, J. Zhu, C. Zhu, M. Zilker, A. Zocco, H. Zohm, S. Zoletnik, L. Zsuga, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GPI - Grup de Processament d'Imatge i Vídeo, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GREO - Grup de Recerca en Enginyeria Òptica, Pedersen, T, Abramovic, I, Agostinetti, P, Torres, M, Akaslompolo, S, Belloso, J, Aleynikov, P, Aleynikova, K, Alhashimi, M, Ali, A, Allen, N, Alonso, A, Anda, G, Andreeva, T, Angioni, C, Arkhipov, A, Arnold, A, Asad, W, Ascasibar, E, Aumeunier, M, Avramidis, K, Aymerich, E, Baek, S, Bahner, J, Baillod, A, Balden, M, Baldzuhn, J, Ballinger, S, Banduch, M, Bannmann, S, Navarro, A, Barbui, T, Beidler, C, Belafdil, C, Bencze, A, Benndorf, A, Beurskens, M, Biedermann, C, Biletskyi, O, Blackwell, B, Blatzheim, M, Bluhm, T, Bockenhoff, D, Bongiovi, G, Borchardt, M, Borodin, D, Boscary, J, Bosch, H, Bosmann, T, Boswirth, B, Bottger, L, Bottino, A, Bozhenkov, S, Brakel, R, Brandt, C, Brauer, T, Braune, H, Brezinsek, S, Brunner, K, Buller, S, Burhenn, R, Bussiahn, R, Buttenschon, B, Buzas, A, Bykov, V, Calvo, I, Mata, K, Caminal, I, Cannas, B, Cappa, A, Carls, A, Carovani, F, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carvalho, B, Casas, J, Castano-Bardawil, D, Castejon, F, Chaudhary, N, Chelis, I, Chomiczewska, A, Coenen, J, Cole, M, Cordella, F, Corre, Y, Crombe, K, Cseh, G, Csillag, B, Damm, H, Day, C, de Baar, M, De la Cal, E, Degenkolbe, S, Demby, A, Denk, S, Dhard, C, Di Siena, A, Dinklage, A, Dittmar, T, Dreval, M, Drevlak, M, Drewelow, P, Drews, P, Dunai, D, Edlund, E, Effenberg, F, Ehrke, G, Endler, M, Ennis, D, Escoto, F, Estrada, T, Fable, E, Fahrenkamp, N, Fanni, A, Faustin, J, Fellinger, J, Feng, Y, Figacz, W, Flom, E, Ford, O, Fornal, T, Frerichs, H, Freundt, S, Fuchert, G, Fukuyama, M, Fullenbach, F, Gantenbein, G, Gao, Y, Garcia, K, Regana, J, Garcia-Cortes, I, Gaspar, J, Gates, D, Geiger, J, Geiger, B, Giudicotti, L, Gonzalez, A, Goriaev, A, Gradic, D, Grahl, M, Graves, J, Green, J, Grelier, E, Greuner, H, Gross, S, Grote, H, Groth, M, Gruca, M, Grulke, O, Grun, M, Arnaiz, J, Gunter, S, Haak, V, Haas, M, Hacker, P, Hakola, A, Hallenbert, A, Hammond, K, Han, X, Hansen, S, Harris, J, Hartfuss, H, Hartmann, D, Hathiramani, D, Hatzky, R, Hawke, J, Hegedus, S, Hein, B, Heinemann, B, Helander, P, Henneberg, S, Hergenhahn, U, Hidalgo, C, Hindenlang, F, Hirsch, M, Hofel, U, Hollfeld, K, Holtz, A, Hopf, D, Hoschen, D, Houry, M, Howard, J, Huang, X, Hubeny, M, Hudson, S, Ida, K, Igitkhanov, Y, Igochine, V, Illy, S, Ionita-Schrittwieser, C, Isobe, M, Jablczynska, M, Jablonski, S, Jagielski, B, Jakubowski, M, van Vuuren, A, Jelonnek, J, Jenko, F, Jensen, T, Jenzsch, H, Junghanns, P, Kaczmarczyk, J, Kallmeyer, J, Kamionka, U, Kandler, M, Kasilov, S, Kazakov, Y, Kennedy, D, Kharwandikar, A, Khokhlov, M, Kiefer, C, Killer, C, Kirschner, A, Kleiber, R, Klinger, T, Klose, S, Knauer, J, Knieps, A, Kochl, F, Kocsis, G, Kolesnichenko, Y, Konies, A, Konig, R, Kontula, J, Kornejew, P, Koschinsky, J, Kozulia, M, Kramer-Flecken, A, Krampitz, R, Krause, M, Krawczyk, N, Kremeyer, T, Krier, L, Kriete, D, Krychowiak, M, Ksiazek, I, Kubkowska, M, Kuczynski, M, Kuhner, G, Kumar, A, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kwak, S, Landreman, M, Lang, P, Langenberg, A, Laqua, H, Laube, R, Lazerson, S, Lewerentz, M, Li, C, Liang, Y, Linsmeier, C, Lion, J, Litnovsky, A, Liu, S, Lobsien, J, Loizu, J, Lore, J, Lorenz, A, Losada, U, Louche, F, Lunsford, R, Lutsenko, V, Machielsen, M, Mackel, F, Maisano-Brown, J, Maj, O, Makowski, D, Manduchi, G, Maragkoudakis, E, Marchuk, O, Marsen, S, Martines, E, Martinez-Fernandez, J, Marushchenko, M, Masuzaki, S, Maurer, D, Mayer, M, Mccarthy, K, Mccormack, O, Mcneely, P, Meister, H, Mendelevitch, B, Mendes, S, Merlo, A, Messian, A, Mielczarek, A, Mishchenko, O, Missal, B, Mitteau, R, Moiseenko, V, Mollen, A, Moncada, V, Monnich, T, Morisaki, T, Moseev, D, Motojima, G, Mulas, S, Mulsow, M, Nagel, M, Naujoks, D, Naulin, V, Neelis, T, Neilson, H, Neu, R, Neubauer, O, Neuner, U, Nicolai, D, Nielsen, S, Niemann, H, Nishiza, T, Nishizawa, T, Nuhrenberg, C, Ochoukov, R, Oelmann, J, Offermanns, G, Ogawa, K, Okamura, S, Olmanns, J, Ongena, J, Oosterbeek, J, Otte, M, Pablant, N, Alvarez, N, Pandey, A, Pasch, E, Pavlichenko, R, Pavone, A, Pawelec, E, Pechstein, G, Pelka, G, Perseo, V, Peterson, B, Pilopp, D, Pingel, S, Pisano, F, Plockl, B, Plunk, G, Poloskei, P, Pompe, B, Popov, A, Porkolab, M, Proll, J, Pueschel, M, Puiatti, M, Sitjes, A, Purps, F, Rahbarnia, K, Rasinski, M, Rasmussen, J, Reiman, A, Reimold, F, Reisner, M, Reiter, D, Richou, M, Riedl, R, Riemann, J, Risse, K, Roberg-Clark, G, Rohde, V, Romazanov, J, Rondeshagen, D, Rong, P, Rudischhauser, L, Rummel, T, Rummel, K, Runov, A, Rust, N, Ryc, L, Salembier, P, Salewski, M, Sanchez, E, Satake, S, Satheeswaran, G, Schacht, J, Scharff, E, Schauer, F, Schilling, J, Schlisio, G, Schmid, K, Schmitt, J, Schmitz, O, Schneider, W, Schneider, M, Schneider, P, Schrittwieser, R, Schroder, T, Schroder, M, Schroeder, R, Schweer, B, Schworer, D, Scott, E, Shanahan, B, Sias, G, Sichta, P, Singer, M, Sinha, P, Siplia, S, Slaby, C, Sleczka, M, Smith, H, Smoniewski, J, Sonnendrucker, E, Spolaore, M, Spring, A, Stadler, R, Stanczak, D, Stange, T, Stepanov, I, Stephey, L, Stober, J, Stroth, U, Strumberger, E, Suzuki, C, Suzuki, Y, Svensson, J, Szabolics, T, Szepesi, T, Szucs, M, Tabares, F, Tamura, N, Tancetti, A, Tantos, C, Terry, J, Thienpondt, H, Thomsen, H, Thumm, M, Travere, J, Traverso, P, Tretter, J, Trier, E, Mora, H, Tsujimura, T, Turkin, Y, Tykhyi, A, Unterberg, B, van Eeten, P, van Milligen, B, van Schoor, M, Vano, L, Varoutis, S, Vecsei, M, Vela, L, Velasco, J, Vervier, M, Vianello, N, Viebke, H, Vilbrandt, R, Vogel, G, Vogt, N, Volkhausen, C, von Stechow, A, Wagner, F, Wang, E, Wang, H, Warmer, F, Wauters, T, Wegener, L, Wegner, T, Weir, G, Wenzel, U, White, A, Wilde, F, Wilms, F, Windisch, T, Winkler, M, Winter, A, Winters, V, Wolf, R, Wright, A, Wurden, G, Xanthopoulos, P, Xu, S, Yamada, H, Yamaguchi, H, Yokoyama, M, Yoshinuma, M, Yu, Q, Zamanov, M, Zanini, M, Zarnstorff, M, Zhang, D, Zhou, S, Zhu, J, Zhu, C, Zilker, M, Zocco, A, Zohm, H, Zoletnik, S, Zsuga, L, Fusion and Plasma Physics, Department of Applied Physics, National Institute for Fusion Science, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, Group Heemels, Control Systems Technology, and Turbulence in Fusion Plasmas
Subjects: Magnetic confinement, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Technology, Materials science, Detachment, Nuclear engineering, Física::Física de partícules [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Imatges -- Processament, stellarator, Divertor, Image processing, Physics::Plasma Physics, divertor, Wendelstein 7-X, ddc:530, FIS/03 - FISICA DELLA MATERIA, Neoclassical optimization, Stellarators, Reactors de fusió, magnetic confinement, Enginyeria de la telecomunicació::Processament del senyal::Processament de la imatge i del senyal vídeo [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Condensed Matter Physics, ddc, Fusion reactors, Physics and Astronomy, detachment, neoclassical optimization, ddc:620, ddc:600, Paper, FEC 2020 Summaries and Overviews
Abstract: We present recent highlights from the most recent operation phases of Wendelstein 7-X, the most advanced stellarator in the world. Stable detachment with good particle exhaust, low impurity content, and energy confinement times exceeding 100 ms, have been maintained for tens of seconds. Pellet fueling allows for plasma phases with reduced ion-temperature-gradient turbulence, and during such phases, the overall confinement is so good (energy confinement times often exceeding 200 ms) that the attained density and temperature profiles would not have been possible in less optimized devices, since they would have had neoclassical transport losses exceeding the heating applied in W7-X. This provides proof that the reduction of neoclassical transport through magnetic field optimization is successful. W7-X plasmas generally show good impurity screening and high plasma purity, but there is evidence of longer impurity confinement times during turbulence-suppressed phases. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014-2018 and 2019-2020 under Grant Agreement No. 633053. Peer Reviewed Article signat per 497 autors/es: Thomas Sunn Pedersen1,2,∗ , I. Abramovic3, P. Agostinetti4, M. Agredano Torres1, S. Äkäslompolo1, J. Alcuson Belloso1, P. Aleynikov1, K. Aleynikova1, M. Alhashimi1, A. Ali1, N. Allen5, A. Alonso6, G. Anda7, T. Andreeva1, C. Angioni8, A. Arkhipov8, A. Arnold1, W. Asad8, E. Ascasibar6, M.-H. Aumeunier9, K. Avramidis10, E. Aymerich11, S.-G. Baek3, J. Bähner1, A. Baillod12, M. Balden1, M. Balden8, J. Baldzuhn1, S. Ballinger3, M. Banduch1, S. Bannmann1, A. Banon Navarro8, A. Bañon Navarro ´ 1, T. Barbui13, C. Beidler1, C. Belafdil9, A. Bencze7, A. Benndorf1, M. Beurskens1, C. Biedermann1, O. Biletskyi14, B. Blackwell15, M. Blatzheim1, T. Bluhm1, D. Böckenhoff1, G. Bongiovi16, M. Borchardt1, D. Borodin17, J. Boscary8, H. Bosch1,18, T. Bosmann19, B. Böswirth8, L. Böttger1, A. Bottino8, S. Bozhenkov1, R. Brakel1, C. Brandt1, T. Bräuer1, H. Braune1, S. Brezinsek17, K. Brunner1, S. Buller1, R. Burhenn1, R. Bussiahn1, B. Buttenschön1, A. Buzás7, V. Bykov1, I. Calvo6, K. Camacho Mata1, I. Caminal20, B. Cannas11, A. Cappa6, A. Carls1, F. Carovani1, M. Carr21, D. Carralero6, B. Carvalho22, J. Casas20, D. Castano-Bardawil17, F. Castejon6, N. Chaudhary1, I. Chelis23, A. Chomiczewska24, J.W. Coenen13,17, M. Cole1, F. Cordella25, Y. Corre9, K. Crombe26, G. Cseh7, B. Csillag7, H. Damm1, C. Day10, M. de Baar27, E. De la Cal6, S. Degenkolbe1, A. Demby13, S. Denk3, C. Dhard1, A. Di Siena8,28, A. Dinklage12, T. Dittmar17, M. Dreval14, M. Drevlak1, P. Drewelow1, P. Drews17, D. Dunai7, E. Edlund3, F. Effenberg29, G. Ehrke1, M. Endler1, D.A. Ennis5, F.J. Escoto6, T. Estrada6, E. Fable8, N. Fahrenkamp1, A. Fanni11, J. Faustin1, J. Fellinger1, Y. Feng1, W. Figacz4, E. Flom13, O. Ford1, T. Fornal24, H. Frerichs13, S. Freundt1, G. 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Stadler8, D. Stanczak24, T. Stange1, I. Stepanov26, L. Stephey13, J. Stober8, U. Stroth8,55, E. Strumberger8, C. Suzuki41, Y. Suzuki41, J. Svensson1, T. Szabolics7, T. Szepesi7, M. Szücs7, F.L. Tabares6, N. Tamura41, A. Tancetti35, C. Tantos10, J. Terry3, H. Thienpondt6, H. Thomsen1, M. Thumm10, J.M. Travere9, P. Traverso5, J. Tretter8, E. Trier8, H. Trimino Mora1, T. Tsujimura41, Y. Turkin1, A. Tykhyi45, B. Unterberg17, P. van Eeten1, B.Ph. van Milligen6, M. van Schoor26, L. Vano1, S. Varoutis10, M. Vecsei7, L. Vela56, J.L. Velasco6, M. Vervier17, N. Vianello50, H. Viebke1, R. Vilbrandt1, G. Vogel8, N. Vogt1, C. Volkhausen1, A. von Stechow1, F. Wagner1, E. Wang17, H. Wang57, F. Warmer1, T. Wauters26, L. Wegener1, T. Wegner1, G. Weir1, U. Wenzel1, A. White3, F. Wilde1, F. Wilms1, T. Windisch1, M. Winkler1, A. Winter1, V. Winters1, R. Wolf118, A.M. Wright29, G.A. Wurden39, P. Xanthopoulos1, S. Xu17, H. Yamada58, H. Yamaguchi41, M. Yokoyama41, M. Yoshinuma41, Q. Yu8, M. Zamanov14, M. Zanini1, M. Zarnstorff29, D. Zhang1, S. Zhou17, J. Zhu1, C. Zhu29, M. Zilker8, A. Zocco1, H. Zohm8, S. Zoletnik7 and L. Zsuga7 // 1 Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Garching and Greifswald, Germany: 2 University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; 3 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America; 4 Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti, 4-35127 Padova, Italy; 5 Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, United States of America; 6 CIEMAT, Avenida Complutense, 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain; 7 Center for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thegeut 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; 8 Max-Planck-Institute for Plasma Physics, Boltzmannstraße 2, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany; 9 CEA Cadarache, 13115 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France; 10 Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany; 11 University of Cagliari, Via Universita, 40, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; 12 École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Swiss Plasma Center, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; 13 University of Wisconsin–Madison, Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States of America; 14 Institute of Plasma Physics, National Science Center ‘Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology’, Kharkiv, Ukraine; 15 The Australian National University, Acton ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia; 16 Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 6, Palermo, 90128, Italy; 17 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Energie-und Klimaforschung—Plasmaphysik, 52425 Jülich, Germany; 18 Technical University of Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany; 19 Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands; 20 Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. BarcelonaTech, C. Jordi Girona, 31, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; 21 Culham Center for Fusion Energy, Abingdon OX14 3EB, United Kingdom; 22 Instituto de Plasmas e Fusao Nuclear, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; 23 Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece; 24 Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, 23 Hery Str., 01-497 Warsaw, Poland; 25 ENEA—Centro Ricerche Frascati, Via Enrico Fermi, 45, 00044 Frascati RM, Italy; 26 Laboratory for Plasma Physics, LPP-ERM/KMS, TEC Partner, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium; 27 Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, PO Box 6336, 5600 HH Eindhoven, Netherlands; 28 University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States of America; 29 Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08543, United States of America; 30 Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; 31 Aix-Marseille University, Jardin du Pharo, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, 13007, Marseille, France; 32 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Padova University, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy; 33 Department of Applied Physics, Ghent University, Sint-Pietersnieuwstraat 41 B4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; 34 Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland; 35 Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Anker Engelunds Vej, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark; 36 VTT Technical Research Center of Finland Ltd., PO Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland; 37 Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 230031 Hefei, Anhui, China; 38 Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1 Bethel Valley Rd, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, United States of America; 39 Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM 87545, United States of America; 40 Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany; 41 National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki, Gifu Prefecture 509-5292, Japan; 42 Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; 43 Graz University of Technology, Rechbauerstraße 12, 8010 GRAZ, Austria; 44 Austrian Academy of Science, Doktor-Ignaz-Seipel-Platz 2, 1010 Wien, Austria; 45 Institute for Nuclear Research, prospekt Nauky 47, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine; 46 University of Opole, plac Kopernika 11a, 45-001 Opole, Poland; 47 University of Maryland, Paint Branch Drive, College Park, MA 20742, United States of America; 48 National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, 115409 Moscow, Russian Federation; 49 Department of Microelectronics and Computer Science, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 221/223, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; 50 Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 7, 00185 Roma, Italy; 51 Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, St Petersburg 194021, Russian Federation; 52 Istituto di Fisica del Plasma Piero Caldirola, Via Roberto Cozzi, 53, 20125 Milano, Italy; 53 University of Szczecin, 70-453, aleja Papieza Jana Pawła II 22A, Szczecin, Poland; 54 Lawrence University, 711 E Boldt Way, Appleton, WI 54911, United States of America; 55 Physik-Department E28, Technische Universität München, 85747 Garching, Germany; 56 Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Av. de la Universidad, 30 Madrid, Spain; 57 Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States of America; 58 University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chhiab 277-0882, Japan Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::7 - Energia Assequible i No Contaminant Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::7 - Energia Assequible i No Contaminant::7.a - Per a 2030, augmentar la cooperació internacional per tal de facilitar l’accés a la investigació i a les tecnologies energètiques no contaminants, incloses les fonts d’energia renovables, l’eficiència energètica i les tecnologies de combustibles fòssils avançades i menys contaminants, i promoure la inversió en infraestructures energètiques i tecnologies d’energia no contaminant
Published: 2022
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22. Positronium imaging with the novel multiphoton PET scanner

Author: Konrad Klimaszewski, Grzegorz Grudzień, Ewa Stępień, J. Raj, G. Korcyl, K. Kacprzak, Aleksander Gajos, R. Y. Shopa, Paweł Kowalski, N. Chug, Magdalena Skurzok, Wojciech Krzemien, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr, Monika Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, F. Tayefi, Lech Raczyński, Sushil K. Sharma, Shivani, Łukasz Kapłon, Eryk Czerwiński, Catalina Curceanu, Szymon Niedźwiecki, Piotr Małczak, Michał Silarski, Michał Pędziwiatr, Ewelina Kubicz, H. Karimi, J. Gajewski, N. Krawczyk, Wojciech Wiślicki, Antoni Rucinski, Paweł Moskal, Monika Szczepanek, Tomasz Kozik, Kamil Dulski, and M. Dadgar
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, business.industry, FOS: Physical sciences, Cancer, medicine.disease, Physics - Medical Physics, Positronium, Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph), In vivo, Pet scanner, Medicine, Medical Physics (physics.med-ph), Physics - Biological Physics, Nuclear medicine, business
Abstract: In vivo assessment of cancer and precise location of altered tissues at initial stages of molecular disorders are important diagnostic challenges. Positronium is copiously formed in the free molecular spaces in the patient's body during positron emission tomography (PET). The positronium properties vary according to the size of inter- and intramolecular voids and the concentration of molecules in them such as, e.g., molecular oxygen, O2; therefore, positronium imaging may provide information about disease progression during the initial stages of molecular alterations. Current PET systems do not allow acquisition of positronium images. This study presents a new method that enables positronium imaging by simultaneous registration of annihilation photons and deexcitation photons from pharmaceuticals labeled with radionuclides. The first positronium imaging of a phantom built from cardiac myxoma and adipose tissue is demonstrated. It is anticipated that positronium imaging will substantially enhance the specificity of PET diagnostics., 10 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2021

23. Analysis of indoor environment perceptions in the smart building

Author: N Krawczyk and P Wojciechowska
Subjects: History, Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract: Thermal comfort is of fundamental importance for people staying in a closed environment. The article focuses on research on thermal comfort in a smart building. The study was performed using two methods. The first method with the Testo 400 microclimate meter, the second method with anonymous questionnaires. The microclimate meter made it possible to measure air parameters (including temperature, humidity, speed, CO2 concentration). The anonymous poll included questions about the thermal sensations vote, thermal preferences, thermal acceptability vote, air humidity and humidity preferences vote. Students from Poland, faculty of Environmental, Geomatic and Energy Engineering, participated in the study. The research showed that the respondents preferred lower thermal conditions with the temperature range from 22.4 °C to 25.1 °C. The percentage of the students who found the conditions as unsatisfactory - has exceeded the permitted 10% range.
Published: 2022

24. Modeling of indoor thermal comfort in the intelligent building

Author: N Krawczyk and L Dębska
Subjects: History, Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract: Thermal comfort is generally determined with the Fanger model, which originates from the 60’s. Its accuracy can be considered disputable and it is often challenged, however it is the basis for the international standards up to this day - namely ISO 7730 and ASHRAE-55 (US standard). The present work aims to develop a modified correlation based on experimental measurements made with questionnaires and the Testo 400 microclimate meter. The original model is modified in such a way that the concentration of carbon dioxide is taken into account (the original model does not take it into account at all). The experimental results have proven to be in good agreement with the modified correlation in the wide range of CO2 levels. The modification that included CO2 provided more accurate results than the original model, proving that the concept is justified.
Published: 2022

25. Thermal comfort conditions in traditional and sustainable, low - energy buildings

Author: N Krawczyk and A Kapjor
Subjects: General Medicine, General Chemistry
Abstract: Nowadays, each of us spends more and more time indoors. The article focuses on research on thermal comfort in a traditional and sustainable building. A sustainable building is equipped with heat pumps, a wind turbine, solar collectors and photovoltaic cells. It also has mechanical ventilation, which helps to minimize energy consumption and lower carbon dioxide emissions. The research was carried out using two methods, anonymous questionnaires and the Testo 400 microclimate meter. Based on the conducted research, the thermal sensations of the subjects and their preferences as to the prevailing conditions in the examined buildings were determined. The study also made it possible to compare the PMV index calculated using the Fanger model with TSV (obtained on the basis of anonymous questionnaires).
Published: 2022

26. Triple-negatives Mammakarzinom im Langzeit-Follow-up

Author: E Ruckhäberle, T Fehm, N Krawczyk, Malgorzata Banys-Paluchowski, D Haas, J Hoffmann, AR Nuripour, S Mohrmann, T Kaleta, AS Vesper, and Bernadette Jäger
Published: 2021

27. Overview of first Wendelstein 7-X high-performance operation

Author: V. Moncada, S. C. Liu, M. Winkler, P. Pölöskei, A. Tancetti, Naoki Tamura, H. Neilson, M. Krychowiak, Michael Drevlak, K. H. Schlüter, S. A. Henneberg, R. Vilbrandt, N. A. Pablant, M. Schröder, B. van Milligen, Bernd Heinemann, K. Rummel, Jonathan Schilling, Torsten Stange, G. Orozco, Christian Brandt, N. Krawczyk, Suguru Masuzaki, Yunfeng Liang, T. Estrada, Wolfgang Biel, J. H. Harris, B. Unterberg, M. Sleczka, M. Marushchenko, R. Lang, N. Rust, J. P. Kallmeyer, Laurie Stephey, P. Aleynikov, E. Blanco, Hans-Stephan Bosch, B. Buttenschön, D. Mellein, B. Shanahan, M. Vervier, M. Yokoyama, C. Suzuki, Seung Gyou Baek, A. Lücke, Felix Schauer, Ya. I. Kolesnichenko, V. Borsuk, Th. Rummel, B. Gonçalves, R. König, H. P. Laqua, G. Ehrke, K. J. McCarthy, Manfred Zilker, Venanzio Giannella, O. P. Ford, E. Flom, S. Murakami, Andreas Schlaich, P. Xanthopoulos, M. Zanini, E. Ascasíbar, C. Nührenberg, A. Carls, H. Viebke, Y. Feng, A. da Molin, H. Hunger, S. Paqay, Y. Wei, M. Blatzheim, M. W. Jakubowski, F. Köster, T. Wauters, J.C. Schmitt, M. Hubeny, P. van Eeten, H. Damm, Joris Fellinger, Gábor Cseh, Christoph Biedermann, G. Claps, L. Rudischhauser, R. Stadler, J. Mittelstaedt, Matteo Zuin, Z. Szökefalvi-Nagy, M. Knaup, Ch. Linsmeier, Francisco Castejón, J. P. Koschinsky, Bernardo B. Carvalho, L. Wegener, C. Guerard, J.M. Hernández Sánchez, B. Mendelevitch, A. Grosman, S. Pingel, Horacio Fernandes, M. Endler, N. Vianello, Jörg Schacht, Anett Spring, Yu Gao, V. Rohde, Samuel Lazerson, J.H. Matthew, W. Kasparek, R. Neu, R. Burhenn, N. Panadero, Jörg Weggen, P.A. Kurz, Walter H. Fietz, R. Schroeder, Andrea Pavone, G. Offermanns, Ryo Yasuhara, P. Sinha, Massimiliano Romé, José Luis Velasco, Carsten Killer, P. Drewelow, X. Han, T. Windisch, Nengchao Wang, Axel Könies, E.M. Edlund, K. P. Hollfeld, K. Aleynikova, Malte Henkel, Detlev Reiter, S. Brezinsek, Z. Huang, Heinz Grote, S. Langish, Matthias Otte, Alessandro Zocco, Daniel Papenfuß, G. Satheeswaran, Monika Kubkowska, S. Obermayer, G. A. Wurden, Carsten Lechte, F. Wagner, M. Gruca, H. Zhang, Olaf Neubauer, Peter Traverso, T. Ngo, V. Bykov, E. Sánchez, Matt Landreman, Dirk Naujoks, I. Vakulchyk, Andreas Langenberg, E. Wang, B. Hein, I. Ksiazek, S. Valet, Mark Cianciosa, G. Schlisio, Taina Kurki-Suonio, Oliver Schmitz, Adnan Ali, F. Reimold, Shinsuke Satake, Luis Vela Vela, C. Slaby, F. Remppel, David Gates, S. Schmuck, B. Roth, Zhirui Wang, Heinrich P. Laqua, F. Schluck, Olaf Grulke, S. Wadle, A. Runov, Manfred Thumm, Florian Effenberg, G. Fuchert, A. Vorköper, M. Banduch, Jonathan T. Green, J. Nührenberg, F. V. Chernyshev, H. Braune, Ewa Pawelec, David Maurer, A. Winter, A. Charl, Hiroshi Kasahara, T. Mizuuchi, D. Zhang, D. Höschen, J. Riemann, Thomas Klinger, W. Leonhardt, S. Sipliä, Katsumi Ida, T. Jesche, G. Pelka, U. Stridde, Riccardo Nocentini, Alexandra M. Freund, P. McNeely, A. Gogoleva, Victoria Winters, V. Szabó, Wolf-Dieter Schneider, D. A. Hartmann, Fabian Wilde, H. Schumacher, J. Howard, A. van Vuuren, J.L. Terry, M. Nagel, C. Hidalgo, Georg Kühner, S. Wolf, Boyd Blackwell, Michael Cole, Barbara Cannas, D. Rondeshagen, P. Hacker, Torsten Bluhm, J. Kacmarczyk, Kunihiro Ogawa, A. Zeitler, I. Yamada, P. Rong, Tamara Andreeva, Hiroshi Yamada, G. Anda, N. Panadero Alvarez, Wilfried Behr, F. Purps, H. Esteban, Dag Hathiramani, R. Bussiahn, David Ennis, A. H. Reiman, D. R. Mikkelsen, M. Borchardt, B. Israeli, M. Grahl, M. Losert, T. Dittmar, E. Pasch, U. Kamionka, Toru Ii Tsujimura, Gabriel G. Plunk, Felix Warmer, Jeremy Lore, F. Durodié, M. Balden, B.J. Peterson, J.P. Bähner, R. Schrittwieser, Morten Stejner, M.J. Cole, S. Zoletnik, Kian Rahbarnia, O. Marchuk, T. Bräuer, M. Hirsch, R. Riedl, W. Figacz, H. Trimino Mora, S. Degenkolbe, H. Greuner, B. Böswirth, B. Schweer, Dorothea Gradic, S. B. Ballinger, S. Ryosuke, B. Missal, Jiawu Zhu, J. H. E. Proll, M. Czerwinski, A. Cappa, B. Wiegel, J. Loizu Cisquella, Per Helander, Sehyun Kwak, S. Marsen, L. Carraro, T. Ilkei, D. Pilopp, Gábor Náfrádi, S. Récsei, M. Houry, A. de la Peña, Yu. Turkin, T.A. Scherer, T. Schröder, A. Galkowski, P. Drews, H. Frerichs, Benedikt Geiger, A. Krämer-Flecken, M. Dibon, L.-G. Böttger, A. Czarnecka, R. Krampitz, J. Wendorf, N. Chaudhary, T. Kremeyer, A. da Silva, R. Kleiber, R. Sakamoto, J.-M. Travere, I. Abramovic, T. Funaba, Andreas Meier, Fabio Pisano, Holger Niemann, Mirko Salewski, R. Brakel, M. Mayer, X. Huang, Stefan Illy, Ph. Mertens, Naoki Kenmochi, F. Köchl, Peter Lang, J. Geiger, Albert Mollén, A. Hölting, T. Barbui, M. Lennartz, T. Szabolics, Hayato Tsuchiya, S. Renard, A. Lorenz, J. Krom, C. D. Beidler, J. Cai, Andreas Dinklage, Anne White, Ye. O. Kazakov, P. Junghanns, W. Spiess, J. M. García Regaña, S. Elgeti, J. W. Coenen, Thomas Sunn Pedersen, C. Li, T. Mönnich, Miklos Porkolab, R. Laube, Burkhard Plaum, A. Benndorf, Michael Kramer, J. Ongena, J. Svensson, Dmitry Moseev, U. Wenzel, Chandra Prakash Dhard, S. Tulipán, M. C. Zarnstorff, M. Sibilia, A. von Stechow, G. M. Weir, H. Maaßberg, U. Höfel, P. Scholz, Alexey Mishchenko, R. C. Wolf, D. Carralero, G. Kocsis, Ivan Calvo, J. Tretter, Didier Chauvin, Y. Li, J. Boscary, A. Puig Sitjes, Fumimichi Sano, Andrey Samartsev, Tamás Szepesi, A. Kirschner, Dirk Nicolai, Francesco Cordella, M. Rack, A. Alonso, G. Czymek, E. R. Scott, M. E. Puiatti, Stefan Kragh Nielsen, M. Vergote, H. Schmitz, H. Jenzsch, Donald A. Spong, K. Czerski, A. Knieps, Arnold Lumsdaine, L. Ryć, M. N. A. Beurskens, Matthias F. Schneider, Simppa Äkäslompolo, Ulrich Neuner, V. Perseo, Jim-Felix Lobsien, Gerd Gantenbein, Roberto Guglielmo Citarella, L. Pacios Rodriguez, L. Vano, S. Bozhenkov, J. W. Oosterbeek, H. Röhlinger, J. P. Knauer, T. Nishizawa, A.H. Wright, M. Jia, A. Goriaev, H. Brand, D. Böckenhoff, H. M. Smith, J. P. Thomas, T. Fornal, J. Baldzuhn, D. Loesser, K. Risse, John Jelonnek, T. Wegner, S. Jablonski, Martina Huber, V. V. Lutsenko, S. Sereda, J. Ölmanns, Tomohiro Morisaki, H. Thomsen, J. A. Alcuson, P. Kornejew, J M Fontdecaba, Kai Jakob Brunner, A. Werner, T. Kobarg, European Commission, University of Greifswald, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Princeton University, National Institute for Fusion Science, CIEMAT, EURATOM HAS, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Research Center Julich, Australian National University, Eindhoven University of Technology, University of Cagliari, Consorzio RFX, Universidade de Lisboa, CEA Cadarache, St. Petersburg Scientific Centre, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, University of Salerno, ENEA Frascati Research Center, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, University of Szczecin, University of Milano-Bicocca, Auburn University, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, University of Stuttgart, Austrian Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Sciences Ukraine, Technical University of Berlin, Opole University of Technology, Fusion and Plasma Physics, University of Maryland College Park, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Kyoto University, Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
Subjects: Technology, CONFINEMENT, 01 natural sciences, impurities, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, ECR heating, Divertor, DENSITY LIMIT, law, Data_FILES, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), 004 Datenverarbeitung, Informatik, Physics, Glow discharge, Condensed Matter Physics, Content (measure theory), ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Electron temperature, Atomic physics, ddc:620, Stellarator, Impurities, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Technology and Engineering, plasma performance, chemistry.chemical_element, Atmospheric-pressure plasma, PHYSICS, stellarator, Physics::Plasma Physics, NBI heating, 0103 physical sciences, divertor, 010306 general physics, Helium, Plasma performance, turbulence, Física, W7-X, Turbulence, TheoryofComputation_MATHEMATICALLOGICANDFORMALLANGUAGES, chemistry, ddc:004, ddc:600, Energy (signal processing), SYSTEM
Abstract: The optimized superconducting stellarator device Wendelstein 7-X (with major radius , minor radius , and plasma volume) restarted operation after the assembly of a graphite heat shield and 10 inertially cooled island divertor modules. This paper reports on the results from the first high-performance plasma operation. Glow discharge conditioning and ECRH conditioning discharges in helium turned out to be important for density and edge radiation control. Plasma densities of with central electron temperatures were routinely achieved with hydrogen gas fueling, frequently terminated by a radiative collapse. In a first stage, plasma densities up to were reached with hydrogen pellet injection and helium gas fueling. Here, the ions are indirectly heated, and at a central density of a temperature of with was transiently accomplished, which corresponds to with a peak diamagnetic energy of and volume-averaged normalized plasma pressure . The routine access to high plasma densities was opened with boronization of the first wall. After boronization, the oxygen impurity content was reduced by a factor of 10, the carbon impurity content by a factor of 5. The reduced (edge) plasma radiation level gives routinely access to higher densities without radiation collapse, e.g. well above line integrated density and central temperatures at moderate ECRH power. Both X2 and O2 mode ECRH schemes were successfully applied. Core turbulence was measured with a phase contrast imaging diagnostic and suppression of turbulence during pellet injection was observed.
Published: 2019

28. Testing CPT symmetry in ortho-positronium decays with positronium annihilation tomography

Author: Muhsin Mohammed, Monika Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, Tomasz Kozik, S. S. Choudhary, Szymon Parzych, K. Kacprzak, R. Y. Shopa, Catalina Curceanu, Aleksander Gajos, Eryk Czerwiński, Lech Raczyński, J. Chhokar, Szymon Niedźwiecki, Wojciech Wiślicki, Marek Gorgol, Ewa Stępień, Michał Silarski, Wojciech Krzemien, Andrzej Sienkiewicz, Bożena Jasińska, Grzegorz Korcyl, Sushil K. Sharma, Paweł Moskal, F. Tayefi, N. Chug, Łukasz Kapłon, Konrad Klimaszewski, H. Karimi, Magdalena Skurzok, J. Raj, Ewelina Kubicz, Paweł Kowalski, N. Krawczyk, Kamil Dulski, Jacek Goworek, D. Kisielewska, M. Dadgar, and Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
Subjects: Particle physics, Photon, CPT symmetry, Science, Physics::Medical Physics, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Imaging techniques, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Positronium, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Experimental nuclear physics, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, Spin-½, Physics, Multidisciplinary, Annihilation, Operator (physics), High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, General Chemistry, Symmetry (physics), High Energy Physics::Experiment, Experimental particle physics, Lepton
Abstract: Charged lepton system symmetry under combined charge, parity, and time-reversal transformation (CPT) remains scarcely tested. Despite stringent quantum-electrodynamic limits, discrepancies in predictions for the electron-positron bound state (positronium atom) motivate further investigation, including fundamental symmetry tests. While CPT noninvariance effects could be manifested in non-vanishing angular correlations between final-state photons and spin of annihilating positronium, measurements were previously limited by knowledge of the latter. Here, we demonstrate tomographic reconstruction techniques applied to three-photon annihilations of ortho-positronium atoms to estimate their spin polarisation without magnetic field or polarised positronium source. We use a plastic-scintillator-based positron-emission-tomography scanner to record ortho-positronium (o-Ps) annihilations with single-event estimation of o-Ps spin and determine the complete spectrum of an angular correlation operator sensitive to CPT-violating effects. We find no violation at the precision level of 10^{-4}, with an over threefold improvement on the previous measurement., Comment: This is a preprint of an article published in Nature Communications. The final version is available at https://rdcu.be/cCQqq
Published: 2021

29. Optimisation of the event-based TOF filtered back-projection for online imaging in total-body J-PET

Author: Beatrix C. Hiesmayr, Lech Raczyński, Shivani, R. Y. Shopa, F. Tayefi, Kamil Dulski, N. Chug, Paweł Moskal, Aleksander Gajos, E.Ł. Stȩpień, Sushil K. Sharma, Eryk Czerwiński, P. Kopka, K. Kacprzak, Łukasz Kapłon, Catalina Curceanu, Paweł Kowalski, Wojciech Wiślicki, Grzegorz Korcyl, J. Raj, Wojciech Krzemien, Sz. Niedźwiecki, Ewelina Kubicz, Konrad Klimaszewski, D. Kisielewska, M. Dadgar, and N. Krawczyk
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Mean squared error, Computer science, Image quality, FOS: Physical sciences, Health Informatics, Imaging phantom, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Computer vision, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Image resolution, Radon transform, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, business.industry, Phantoms, Imaging, Reconstruction algorithm, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph), Physics - Medical Physics, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Kernel (image processing), 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Temporal resolution, Positron-Emission Tomography, Artificial intelligence, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Medical Physics (physics.med-ph), business, Physics - Computational Physics, Monte Carlo Method, Algorithms
Abstract: We perform a parametric study of the newly developed time-of-flight (TOF) image reconstruction algorithm, proposed for the real-time imaging in total-body Jagiellonian PET (J-PET) scanners. The asymmetric 3D filtering kernel is applied at each most likely position of electron-positron annihilation, estimated from the emissions of back-to-back $\gamma$-photons. The optimisation of its parameters is studied using Monte Carlo simulations of a 1-mm spherical source, NEMA IEC and XCAT phantoms inside the ideal J-PET scanner. The combination of high-pass filters which included the TOF filtered back-projection (FBP), resulted in spatial resolution, 1.5 $\times$ higher in the axial direction than for the conventional 3D FBP. For realistic $10$-minute scans of NEMA IEC and XCAT, which require a trade-off between the noise and spatial resolution, the need for Gaussian TOF kernel components, coupled with median post-filtering, is demonstrated. The best sets of 3D filter parameters were obtained by the Nelder-Mead minimisation of the mean squared error between the resulting and reference images. The approach allows training the reconstruction algorithm for custom scans, using the IEC phantom, when the temporal resolution is below 50 ps. The image quality parameters, estimated for the best outcomes, were systematically better than for the non-TOF FBP.
Published: 2021
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30. Androgenrezeptorstatus der disseminierten Tumorzellen im Knochenmark bei Patientinnen mit primärem Mammakarzinom

Author: F Meier-Stiegen, C Lopez-Cotarelo, I Esposito, M Piperek, H Neubauer, T Fehm, and N Krawczyk
Published: 2020

31. AXSANA (AXillary Surgery After NeoAdjuvant Treatment): A European prospective multicenter cohort study to evaluate different surgical methods of axillary staging (sentinel lymph node biopsy, targeted axillary dissection, axillary dissection) in clinically node-positive breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Author: J-U Blohmer, Thorsten Kühn, Steffi Hartmann, Marc Thill, N Krawczyk, Maggie Banys-Paluchowski, Michael Untch, PA Fasching, J. de Boniface, Oreste Gentilini, Christine Solbach, Elmar Stickeler, and H Huebner
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Chemotherapy, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Node (networking), medicine.medical_treatment, Sentinel lymph node, medicine.disease, Surgical methods, Breast cancer, Biopsy, medicine, Radiology, business, Axillary staging, Cohort study
Published: 2020

32. Phänotypische Charakterisierung hinsichtlich des Androgenrezeptorstatus der disseminierten Tumorzellen im Knochenmark bei Patientinnen mit primärem Mammakarzinom

Author: F Meier-Stiegen, I Esposito, M Piperek, H Neubauer, T Fehm, C Lopez-Cotarelo, and N Krawczyk
Published: 2020

33. Malignitätsrate von Brustläsionen mit unsicherem biologischem Potenzial (B3) im Rahmen einer retrospektiven nicht-interventionellen Studie

Author: K Roth, A Maier-Bode, T Kaleta, N Krawczyk, F Dietzel, P Reinecke, U Kreimer, T Fehm, S Mohrmann, and F Borgmeier
Published: 2020

34. Therapie einer chemotherapieinduzierten Leberschädigung bei Vorliegen eines V444A-Genpolymorphismus

Author: D Haas, T Fehm, E Ruckhäberle, Bernadette Jäger, N. Krawczyk, and V Nagy-Davoli
Published: 2020

35. Urogenitale Metastasierung beim Mammakarzinom: Fallvorstellung

Author: D Gantert, T Fehm, N Krawczyk, A.-K Volkmer, F Martignoni, T Kaleta, and Bernadette Jäger
Published: 2020

36. Hit-time and hit-position reconstruction in strips of plastic scintillators using multi-threshold readouts

Author: N. Krawczyk, R. Y. Shopa, Marek Gorgol, Michał Silarski, Sushil K. Sharma, Bożena Zgardzińska, Kamil Dulski, Sz. Niedzwiecki, Catalina Curceanu, Eryk Czerwiński, G. Korcyl, J. Raj, M. Pawlik-Niedzwiecka, D. Kisielewska, J. Chhokar, W. Wislicki, Paweł Moskal, Wojciech Krzemien, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr, Magdalena Skurzok, L. Kaplon, Muhsin Mohammed, K. Kacprzak, Paweł Kowalski, Ewelina Kubicz, Konrad Klimaszewski, Tomasz Kozik, Aleksander Gajos, S. Shivani, Bożena Jasińska, Lech Raczyński, Neha Gupta Sharma, Marek Palka, R. Del Grande, and K. Farbaniec
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Medical Physics, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Biomedical imaging, law, multithreshold readouts, TOF resolution, signal reconstruction, medical signal processing, Instrumentation, Physics, Mahalanobis distance, Signal processing, Resolution (electron density), Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), two-strips J-PET prototype, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, solid scintillation detectors, scintillator detectors, Scintillators, Image reconstruction, Positron emission tomography, Similarity (geometry), medical imaging, FOS: Physical sciences, positron emission tomography scanners, STRIPS, Scintillator, 03 medical and health sciences, hit-position reconstruction, Optics, Position (vector), 0103 physical sciences, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, plastic scintillators, signal processing, Spatial resolution, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, linear fitting, hit-time, Physics - Medical Physics, J-PET detector, Medical Physics (physics.med-ph), business
Abstract: In this article, a new method for the reconstruction of hit-position and hit-time of photons in long scintillator detectors is investigated. This article is motivated by the recent development of the positron emission tomography scanners based on plastic scintillators. The proposed method constitutes a new way of signal processing in multivoltage-technique. It is based on the determination of the degree of similarity between the registered signals and the synchronized model signals stored in a library. The library was established for a set of well-defined hit-positions along the length of the scintillator. The Mahalanobis distance was used as a measure of similarity between the two compared signals. The method was validated on the experimental data measured using two-strips J-PET prototype with dimensions of $5\times 9\times 300$ mm3. The obtained time-of-flight (TOF) and spatial resolutions amount to 325 ps (FWHM) and 25 mm (FWHM), respectively. The TOF resolution was also compared to the results of an analogous study done using the linear fitting method. The best TOF resolution was obtained with this method at four predefined threshold levels which was comparable to the resolution achieved from the Mahalanobis distance at two predefined threshold levels. Although the algorithm of the linear fitting method is much simpler to apply than the Mahalanobis method, the application of the Mahalanobis distance requires a lower number of applied threshold levels and, hence, decreases the costs of electronics used in PET scanner.
Published: 2020
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37. Analysis of metallic impurities during the application of three-ion ICRH scenario at JET-ILW

Author: A. Chomiczewska, J. Ongena, D. Van Eester, Jet Contributors, Ye. O. Kazakov, V. Bobkov, N. Krawczyk, E. Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, M. J. Mantsinen, E. Lerche, Th. Pütterich, G. Pucella, JET Contributors, Chomiczewska, A., Krawczyk, N., Kazakov, Ye. O., Bobkov, V., Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, E., Lerche, E., Mantsinen, M. J., Ongena, J., Pucella, G., Putterich, T., and Van Eester, D.
Subjects: Materials science, Cyclotron resonance, Plasma, Effective radiated power, 01 natural sciences, Effective nuclear charge, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, Magnetic field, Dipole, Impurity, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics
Abstract: The effect of the novel ‘three-ion’ D-(3He)-H minority ICRH heating scheme on the behavior of the metallic impurities at JET-ILW is discussed. The reported experiment was performed in L-mode plasmas at a magnetic field BT = 3.2 T, plasma current Ip = 2 MA and central plasma densities ne(0) ≈ 4×1019 m-3. ICRH power was delivered with dipole or +π/2 antenna phasing at f ≈ 32.2-33MHz, placing the 3He cyclotron resonance at the plasma core. The edge isotopic ratio H/(H+D) was varied between 73 and 92%, and 3He concentration in the range of 0.1-1.5% to assess the sensitivity of the scheme to the detailed plasma composition. The results of our analysis show a linear increase of the plasma effective charge Zeff, radiated power Prad,bulk and content of metallic impurities with ICRF power. The observed scattering of the points reflects the difference in the plasma composition and ICRF antenna phasing. For discharges heated with similar ICRH power level ~4MW, our analysis indicates that for a large range of H/(H+D) the novel scenario effectively heats the plasma with reduced content of metallic impurities. The impurities are shown to be concentrated mainly around the mid-radius region of the plasma. We conclude this paper with a discussion of the effect of the long-period sawteeth on the observed dynamics of metallic impurities in the plasma core.
Published: 2020

38. Time Calibration of the J-PET Detector

Author: Paweł Moskal, Wojciech Krzemien, R. Y. Shopa, Shivani, Grzegorz Korcyl, M. Gorgol, Bartosz Głowacz, Anna Wieczorek, J. Raj, Wojciech Wiślicki, Kamil Dulski, Tomasz Kozik, Sushil K. Sharma, D. Alfs, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr, Marcin Zieliński, Aleksander Gajos, Bożena Zgardzińska, Muhsin Mohammed, N. Krawczyk, Bożena Jasińska, Piotr Białas, Zbigniew Rudy, D. Kisielewska-Kamińska, Lech Raczyński, Neha Gupta Sharma, Michał Silarski, Eryk Czerwiński, Szymon Niedźwiecki, Marek Palka, Magdalena Skurzok, Ewelina Kubicz, Monika Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, Catalina Curceanu, and Paweł Kowalski
Subjects: Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Calibration (statistics), Physics::Medical Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, Pet detector, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, business, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph (J-PET) project carried out in the Institute of Physics of the Jagiellonian University is focused on construction and tests of the first prototype of PET scanner for medical diagnostic which allows for the simultaneous 3D imaging of the whole human body using organic scintillators. The J-PET prototype consists of 192 scintillator strips forming three cylindrical layers which are optimized for the detection of photons from the electron-positron annihilation with high time- and high angular-resolutions. In this article we present time calibration and synchronization of the whole J-PET detection system by irradiating each single detection module with a 22Na source and a small detector providing common reference time for synchronization of all the modules., Accepted to publish in Acta Phys. Pol. A
Published: 2017

39. Human Tissue Investigations Using PALS Technique - Free Radicals Influence

Author: R. Y. Shopa, Wojciech Wiślicki, Marek Palka, Monika Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, Anna Wieczorek, G. Chołubek, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr, Daria Kamińska, Bożena Zgardzińska, Zbigniew Rudy, Marcin Zieliński, Muhsin Mohammed, Paweł Kowalski, Paweł Moskal, Sushil K. Sharma, Catalina Curceanu, Krzysztof Wiktor, Eryk Czerwiński, Lech Raczyński, Szymon Niedźwiecki, Neha Gupta Sharma, Marek Pietrow, Aleksander Gajos, K. Wysogląd, B. Jodłowska-Jędrych, Tomasz Kozik, Grzegorz Korcyl, Bartosz Głowacz, Kamil Dulski, Marek Gorgol, Wojciech Krzemien, Bożena Jasińska, Michał Silarski, Piotr Białas, N. Krawczyk, H. Wiktor, Magdalena Skurzok, and Ewelina Kubicz
Subjects: 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Materials science, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Radical, 0103 physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Positron annihilation, Positronium
Published: 2017

40. Simulating NEMA characteristics of the modular total-body J-PET scanner—an economic total-body PET from plastic scintillators

Author: Ewelina Kubicz, Sz. Niedźwiecki, Aleksander Gajos, K. Kacprzak, F. Tayefi, Ewa Stępień, N. Chug, Kamil Dulski, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr, Catalina Curceanu, Jakub Baran, S. Shivani, M. Dadgar, Sz Parzych, R. Y. Shopa, P. Kopka, D. Kisielewska, Eryk Czerwiński, Wojciech Wiślicki, Lech Raczyński, Grzegorz Korcyl, Sushil K. Sharma, Wojciech Krzemien, Łukasz Kapłon, N. Krawczyk, Paweł Moskal, Konrad Klimaszewski, Paweł Kowalski, and J. Raj
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Materials science, Image quality, FOS: Physical sciences, STRIPS, Scintillator, Lyso, Imaging phantom, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, law, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Phantoms, Imaging, business.industry, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Physics - Medical Physics, 3. Good health, Full width at half maximum, Positron-Emission Tomography, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Medical Physics (physics.med-ph), Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business, Plastics, Sensitivity (electronics)
Abstract: The purpose of the presented research is estimation of the performance characteristics of the economic Total-Body Jagiellonian-PET system (TB-J-PET) constructed from plastic scintillators. The characteristics are estimated according to the NEMA NU-2-2018 standards utilizing the GATE package. The simulated detector consists of 24 modules, each built out of 32 plastic scintillator strips (each with cross section of 6 mm times 30 mm and length of 140 cm or 200 cm) arranged in two layers in regular 24-sided polygon circumscribing a circle with the diameter of 78.6 cm. For the TB-J-PET with an axial field-of-view (AFOV) of 200 cm, a spatial resolutions of 3.7 mm (transversal) and 4.9 mm (axial) are achieved. The NECR peak of 630 kcps is expected at 30 kBq/cc activity concentration and the sensitivity at the center amounts to 38 cps/kBq. The SF is estimated to 36.2 %. The values of SF and spatial resolution are comparable to those obtained for the state-of-the-art clinical PET scanners and the first total-body tomographs: uExplorer and PennPET. With respect to the standard PET systems with AFOV in the range from 16 cm to 26 cm, the TB-J-PET is characterized by an increase in NECR approximately by factor of 4 and by the increase of the whole-body sensitivity by factor of 12.6 to 38. The TOF resolution for the TB-J-PET is expected to be at the level of CRT=240 ps (FWHM). For the TB-J-PET with an axial field-of-view (AFOV) of 140 cm, an image quality of the reconstructed images of a NEMA IEC phantom was presented with a contrast recovery coefficient (CRC) and a background variability parameters. The increase of the whole-body sensitivity and NECR estimated for the TB-J-PET with respect to current commercial PET systems makes the TB-J-PET a promising cost-effective solution for the broad clinical applications of total-body PET scanners., Comment: 31 pages, 11 figures, 6 tables, submitted to Physics in Medicine and Biology 2021
Published: 2021

41. The J-PET detector—a tool for precision studies of ortho-positronium decays

Author: Magdalena Skurzok, R. Y. Shopa, Marek Palka, N. Chug, Antoni Rucinski, J. Gajewski, Shivani, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr, Ewa Stępień, Bożena Zgardzińska, Muhsin Mohammed, Kamil Dulski, J. Chhokar, Wojciech Krzemien, H. Karimi, Konrad Klimaszewski, M. Dagdar, Bożena Jasińska, Steven D. Bass, Grzegorz Korcyl, P. Kopka, K. Kacprzak, Lech Raczyński, Łukasz Kapłon, Aleksander Gajos, R. Del Grande, F. Tayefi, N. Krawczyk, Ewelina Kubicz, D. Kisielewska, Eryk Czerwiński, Piotr Małczak, Monika Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, Wojciech Wiślicki, J. Raj, Sushil K. Sharma, Catalina Curceanu, Marek Gorgol, Sz. Niedźwiecki, Michał Silarski, Michał Pędziwiatr, Paweł Moskal, Paweł Kowalski, and Tomasz Kozik
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Photon, FOS: Physical sciences, Quantum entanglement, STRIPS, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Positronium, law.invention, Nuclear physics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Spectroscopy, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Physics, business.industry, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Polarization (waves), Semiconductor, business
Abstract: The J-PET tomograph is constructed from plastic scintillator strips arranged axially in concentric cylindrical layers. It enables investigations of positronium decays by measurement of the time, position, polarization and energy deposited by photons in the scintillators, in contrast to studies conducted so far with crystal and semiconductor based detection systems where the key selection of events is based on the measurement of the photons energies. In this article we show that the J-PET tomograph system is capable of exclusive measurements of the decays of ortho-positronium atoms. We present the first positronium production results, its lifetime distribution measurements and discuss estimation of the influence of various background sources. The tomograph s performance demonstrated here makes it suitable for precision studies of positronium decays including entanglement of the final state photons, positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy plus molecular imaging diagnostics., 12 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2021

42. Confinement in Wendelstein 7-X limiter plasmas

Author: Andreas Langenberg, Olaf Grulke, M. Krychowiak, Fabio Pisano, R. Brakel, N. Krawczyk, Monika Kubkowska, E. Blanco, Hans-Stephan Bosch, P. Kornejew, M. Hirsch, T. Fornal, J. Baldzuhn, Tamás Szepesi, Tamara Andreeva, Matthias Otte, H. P. Laqua, N. A. Pablant, A. Werner, M. W. Jakubowski, Nikolai B. Marushchenko, T. Schröder, C. D. Beidler, E. Pasch, A. Czarnecka, Samuel Lazerson, V. Moncada, Yu. Turkin, Torsten Stange, Christoph Biedermann, M. Endler, R. Burhenn, Dirk Naujoks, S. Marsen, J. Geiger, J. H. Harris, H. Trimino Mora, T. Estrada, A. Cappa, Andreas Dinklage, B. Buttenschön, R. König, Dmitry Moseev, H. Thomsen, G. M. Weir, J. P. Knauer, H. Maaßberg, A. Alonso, G. A. Wurden, S. A. Bozhenkov, D. Zhang, Thomas Sunn Pedersen, U. Wenzel, Hayato Tsuchiya, M. N. A. Beurskens, Laurie Stephey, Tom Wauters, Kian Rahbarnia, Thomas Klinger, G. Kocsis, I. Ksiazek, D. A. Hartmann, U. Höfel, A. Krämer-Flecken, G. Fuchert, R. C. Wolf, and W7-X Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, stellarator, confinement, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, energy confinement, 010305 fluids & plasmas
Abstract: Observations on confinement in the first experimental campaign on the optimized Stellarator Wendelstein 7-X are summarized. In this phase W7-X was equipped with five inboard limiters only and thus the discharge length restricted to avoid local overheating. Stationary plasmas are limited to low densities
Published: 2017

43. Primär hepatisch metastasiertes HER2/neu positives Mammakarzinom in der Schwangerschaft: case report

Author: T Fehm, C Roberts, F Borgmeier, T Kaleta, J Hoffmann, N Krawczyk, Bernadette Jäger, S Mohrmann, and D Haas
Published: 2019

44. Case report eines bilateralen mammären Angiosarkoms

Author: N Krawczyk, D Haas, F Borgmeier, JE Leifheit, F Dietzel, S Mohrmann, T Fehm, and P Reinecke
Published: 2019

45. Physics research on the TCV tokamak facility: From conventional to alternative scenarios and beyond

Author: G. Tomaž, M. Weiland, J. Gath, Antti Hakola, Kevin Verhaegh, A.J. Thornton, Matthew Carr, J. Juul Rasmussen, S. Costea, Jorge Morales, A. Perek, X. Feng, F. Pesamosca, Marcelo Baquero-Ruiz, N. Vianello, A. Dal Molin, N. M. T. Vu, D. Hogeweij, G. Calabrò, Tom Wauters, Christian Hopf, E. Alessi, Aitor J. Garrido, Justin Ball, Daniele Carnevale, A. Czarnecka, S. Garavaglia, G. Ferro, George Wilkie, N. Krawczyk, M. Nocente, H. De Oliveira, Ivo Furno, W. Bin, O. Chellai, Stefano Coda, Fulvio Auriemma, Yann Camenen, W. A. J. Vijvers, Christian Theiler, A. N. Karpushov, M. Faitsch, Jérôme Bucalossi, Paolo Ricci, Antoine Merle, T. C. Blanken, Cristian Galperti, Duccio Testa, Ambrogio Fasoli, Y. Andrebe, F. Bagnato, S. Nowak, J. R. Harrison, O. Vasilovici, M. E. Puiatti, Stefan Kragh Nielsen, J. S. Allcock, L. Calacci, Matteo Zuin, V. Piergotti, P. Chmielewski, P. Molina Cabrera, Taina Kurki-Suonio, D. Micheletti, Emanuele Poli, Nuno Cruz, M. Farnik, Jonathan Graves, Alessandro Pau, Olivier Février, N. A. Kirneva, Bruce Lipschultz, E. Lazzaro, E. Havlickova, G. Giruzzi, Jens Madsen, L. Stipani, D. Brida, Ch. Schlatter, M. Wensing, R. O. Pavlichenko, F. Nespoli, J. Decker, Eva Macusova, Fulvio Militello, Nicola Offeddu, Heinz Isliker, A. Zisis, A. Marco, Laurie Porte, Marco Gobbin, Anna Salmi, S. Vartanian, J. Sinha, Matthias Komm, M. Spolaore, Anders Nielsen, T. Happel, R. D. Nem, A. Iantchenko, V.V. Plyusnin, C. Tsironis, V. Igochine, R. M. McDermott, Pär Strand, Benjamin Daniel Dudson, T. Ravensbergen, V. P. Loschiavo, H. Arnichand, E. Viezzer, Fabio Villone, Carlo Sozzi, Z. Huang, V. Pericoli Ridolfini, B. Linehan, L. Hesslow, P. Buratti, A. Casolari, M. Bernert, P. Mantica, H. Weisen, J-M Moret, Maiko Yoshida, N. Bonanomi, S. Feng, A. A. Teplukhina, Jakub Urban, F. Carpanese, C. Piron, S. Allan, Minh Quang Tran, C. Marini, Artur Palha, F.P. Orsitto, Roberto Ambrosino, A. S. Tema Biwole, Harry M. Meyer, Davide Galassi, J. Mlynář, N. Christen, M. Wischmeier, Mathias Hoppe, P. David, J. Horacek, M. Maraschek, G. Ciraolo, R. R. Sheeba, J. Zebrowski, M. Dreval, M. Silva, K. Gałązka, Olivier Sauter, Laure Vermare, A. Gallo, C. Reux, M. Gospodarczyk, O. Bogar, Roman Schrittwieser, C. Marchetto, Patrick J. McCarthy, Joël Rosato, G. Pucella, K. Wu, Volker Naulin, Bojan Mavkov, S. Elmore, Lorella Carraro, Gustavo Granucci, Christopher N. Bowman, O. Kudlacek, M. Gruca, A. Jardin, Federico Felici, Didier Mazon, D. C. van Vugt, D. Douai, Jose Boedo, Raffaele Albanese, U. A. Sheikh, Hugo Bufferand, R. Lombroni, T. Pütterich, Benedikt Geiger, X. Llobet, Izaskun Garrido, J.-Ph. Hogge, J. Ayllon-Guerola, Nicolas Fedorczak, Timothy Goodman, A. Mariani, E. Maljaars, Matteo Agostini, Lorenzo Frassinetti, S. E. Sharapov, C.K. Tsui, Vladimir E. Moiseenko, Robert Mumgaard, Amanda Hubbard, L. Pigatto, F. Matos, D. S. Gahle, Roberto Maurizio, I. Voitsekhovitch, Paolo Zanca, J. Buermans, A. Fil, T. Lunt, S. S. Henderson, D. Ricci, M. Kong, Ondrej Ficker, Matthias Wiesenberger, L. Cordaro, P. Innocente, Roberto Paccagnella, Benoit Labit, N. Rispoli, M. Rabinski, G. F. Harrer, Roch Kwiatkowski, A. Moro, A. A. Beletskii, M. Vallar, M. Reich, F. Reimold, P. Piovesan, Mirko Salewski, J. Hawke, Giuseppe Gorini, J. Čeřovský, F. Causa, H. Reimerdes, B. Esposito, Jernej Kovacic, P. V. Kazantzidis, H. Anand, Gergely Papp, M. Valisa, K. Mitosinkova, Vlado Menkovski, F. Bombarda, M. Fontana, Tommaso Bolzonella, Pascale Hennequin, T. Gyergyek, D. L. Keeling, T. Eich, M. Garcia-Munoz, Stefano Alberti, P. Blanchard, F. Bouquey, R. Shousha, M. Scheffer, B. S. Schneider, R. Jacquier, D. Choi, Nick Walkden, Ola Embréus, C. Ionita Schrittwieser, S. Saarelma, J. Garcia, M. G. Dunne, M. Tomes, R. Zagórski, Y. R. Martin, A. Kappatou, B. P. Duval, T. Tala, Swiss National Science Foundation, Universita degli studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' [Napoli], Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, EURATOM-ENEA-CNR Association, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Centre de Recherches en Physique des Plasmas (CRPP), Department of Physics [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EURATOM/CCFE Fusion Association, Culham Science Centre [Abingdon], York Plasma Institute (YPI), University of York [York, UK], Faculty of Mathematics and Physics [Praha/Prague], Charles University [Prague] (CU), Association EURATOM-CEA (CEA/DSM/DRFC), University College Cork (UCC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering [Aalborg] (M-TECH), Aalborg University [Denmark] (AAU), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Instituto de Plasmas e Fusão Nuclear [Lisboa] (IPFN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Coda, S, Agostini, M, Albanese, R, Alberti, S, Alessi, E, Allan, S, Allcock, J, Ambrosino, R, Anand, H, Andrebe, Y, Arnichand, H, Auriemma, F, Ayllon-Guerola, J, Bagnato, F, Ball, J, Baquero-Ruiz, M, Beletskii, A, Bernert, M, Bin, W, Blanchard, P, Blanken, T, Boedo, J, Bogar, O, Bolzonella, T, Bombarda, F, Bonanomi, N, Bouquey, F, Bowman, C, Brida, D, Bucalossi, J, Buermans, J, Bufferand, H, Buratti, P, Calabro, G, Calacci, L, Camenen, Y, Carnevale, D, Carpanese, F, Carr, M, Carraro, L, Casolari, A, Causa, F, Cerovsky, J, Chellai, O, Chmielewski, P, Choi, D, Christen, N, Ciraolo, G, Cordaro, L, Costea, S, Cruz, N, Czarnecka, A, Dal Molin, A, David, P, Decker, J, De Oliveira, H, Douai, D, Dreval, M, Dudson, B, Dunne, M, Duval, B, Eich, T, Elmore, S, Embreus, O, Esposito, B, Faitsch, M, Farnik, M, Fasoli, A, Fedorczak, N, Felici, F, Feng, S, Feng, X, Ferro, G, Fevrier, O, Ficker, O, Fil, A, Fontana, M, Frassinetti, L, Furno, I, Gahle, D, Galassi, D, Galazka, K, Gallo, A, Galperti, C, Garavaglia, S, Garcia, J, Garcia-Munoz, M, Garrido, A, Garrido, I, Gath, J, Geiger, B, Giruzzi, G, Gobbin, M, Goodman, T, Gorini, G, Gospodarczyk, M, Granucci, G, Graves, J, Gruca, M, Gyergyek, T, Hakola, A, Happel, T, Harrer, G, Harrison, J, Havlickova, E, Hawke, J, Henderson, S, Hennequin, P, Hesslow, L, Hogeweij, D, Hogge, J, Hopf, C, Hoppe, M, Horacek, J, Huang, Z, Hubbard, A, Iantchenko, A, Igochine, V, Innocente, P, Ionita Schrittwieser, C, Isliker, H, Jacquier, R, Jardin, A, Kappatou, A, Karpushov, A, Kazantzidis, P, Keeling, D, Kirneva, N, Komm, M, Kong, M, Kovacic, J, Krawczyk, N, Kudlacek, O, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kwiatkowski, R, Labit, B, Lazzaro, E, Linehan, B, Lipschultz, B, Llobet, X, Lombroni, R, Loschiavo, V, Lunt, T, Macusova, E, Madsen, J, Maljaars, E, Mantica, P, Maraschek, M, Marchetto, C, Marco, A, Mariani, A, Marini, C, Martin, Y, Matos, F, Frisina, M, Mavkov, B, Mazon, D, Mccarthy, P, Mcdermott, R, Menkovski, V, Merle, A, Meyer, H, Micheletti, D, Militello, F, Mitosinkova, K, Mlynar, J, Moiseenko, V, Molina Cabrera, P, Morales, J, Moret, J, Moro, A, Mumgaard, R, Naulin, V, Nem, R, Nespoli, F, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, S, Nocente, M, Nowak, S, Offeddu, N, Orsitto, F, Paccagnella, R, Palha, A, Papp, G, Pau, A, Pavlichenko, R, Perek, A, Pericoli Ridolfini, V, Pesamosca, F, Piergotti, V, Pigatto, L, Piovesan, P, Piron, C, Plyusnin, V, Poli, E, Porte, L, Pucella, G, Puiatti, M, Putterich, T, Rabinski, M, Juul Rasmussen, J, Ravensbergen, T, Reich, M, Reimerdes, H, Reimold, F, Reux, C, Ricci, D, Ricci, P, Rispoli, N, Rosato, J, Saarelma, S, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Sauter, O, Scheffer, M, Schlatter, C, Schneider, B, Schrittwieser, R, Sharapov, S, Sheeba, R, Sheikh, U, Shousha, R, Silva, M, Sinha, J, Sozzi, C, Spolaore, M, Stipani, L, Strand, P, Tala, T, Tema Biwole, A, Teplukhina, A, Testa, D, Theiler, C, Thornton, A, Tomaz, G, Tomes, M, Tran, M, Tsironis, C, Tsui, C, Urban, J, Valisa, M, Vallar, M, Van Vugt, D, Vartanian, S, Vasilovici, O, Verhaegh, K, Vermare, L, Vianello, N, Viezzer, E, Vijvers, W, Villone, F, Voitsekhovitch, I, Vu, N, Walkden, N, Wauters, T, Weiland, M, Weisen, H, Wensing, M, Wiesenberger, M, Wilkie, G, Wischmeier, M, Wu, K, Yoshida, M, Zagorski, R, Zanca, P, Zebrowski, J, Zisis, A, Zuin, M, Università degli Studi di Napoli 'Parthenope' = University of Naples (PARTHENOPE), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Observatoire de Paris, Coda, S., Agostini, M., Albanese, R., Alberti, S., Alessi, E., Allan, S., Allcock, J., Ambrosino, R., Anand, H., Andrebe, Y., Arnichand, H., Auriemma, F., Ayllon-Guerola, J. M., Bagnato, F., Ball, J., Baquero-Ruiz, M., Beletskii, A. A., Bernert, M., Bin, W., Blanchard, P., Blanken, T. C., Boedo, J. A., Bogar, O., Bolzonella, T., Bombarda, F., Bonanomi, N., Bouquey, F., Bowman, C., Brida, D., Bucalossi, J., Buermans, J., Bufferand, H., Buratti, P., Calabro, G., Calacci, L., Camenen, Y., Carnevale, D., Carpanese, F., Carr, M., Carraro, L., Casolari, A., Causa, F., Cerovsky, J., Chellai, O., Chmielewski, P., Choi, D., Christen, N., Ciraolo, G., Cordaro, L., Costea, S., Cruz, N., Czarnecka, A., Dal Molin, A., David, P., Decker, J., De Oliveira, H., Douai, D., Dreval, M. B., Dudson, B., Dunne, M., Duval, B. P., Eich, T., Elmore, S., Embreus, O., Esposito, B., Faitsch, M., Farnik, M., Fasoli, A., Fedorczak, N., Felici, F., Feng, S., Feng, X., Ferro, G., Fevrier, O., Ficker, O., Fil, A., Fontana, M., Frassinetti, L., Furno, I., Gahle, D. S., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Gallo, A., Galperti, C., Garavaglia, S., Garcia, J., Garcia-Munoz, M., Garrido, A. J., Garrido, I., Gath, J., Geiger, B., Giruzzi, G., Gobbin, M., Goodman, T. P., Gorini, G., Gospodarczyk, M., Granucci, G., Graves, J. P., Gruca, M., Gyergyek, T., Hakola, A., Happel, T., Harrer, G. F., Harrison, J., Havlickova, E., Hawke, J., Henderson, S., Hennequin, P., Hesslow, L., Hogeweij, D., Hogge, J. -P., Hopf, C., Hoppe, M., Horacek, J., Huang, Z., Hubbard, A., Iantchenko, A., Igochine, V., Innocente, P., Ionita Schrittwieser, C., Isliker, H., Jacquier, R., Jardin, A., Kappatou, A., Karpushov, A., Kazantzidis, P. -V., Keeling, D., Kirneva, N., Komm, M., Kong, M., Kovacic, J., Krawczyk, N., Kudlacek, O., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwiatkowski, R., Labit, B., Lazzaro, E., Linehan, B., Lipschultz, B., Llobet, X., Lombroni, R., Loschiavo, V. P., Lunt, T., Macusova, E., Madsen, J., Maljaars, E., Mantica, P., Maraschek, M., Marchetto, C., Marco, A., Mariani, A., Marini, C., Martin, Y., Matos, F., Maurizio, R., Mavkov, B., Mazon, D., Mccarthy, P., Mcdermott, R., Menkovski, V., Merle, A., Meyer, H., Micheletti, D., Militello, F., Mitosinkova, K., Mlynar, J., Moiseenko, V., Molina Cabrera, P. A., Morales, J., Moret, J. -M., Moro, A., Mumgaard, R. T., Naulin, V., Nem, R. D., Nespoli, F., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, S. K., Nocente, M., Nowak, S., Offeddu, N., Orsitto, F. P., Paccagnella, R., Palha, A., Papp, G., Pau, A., Pavlichenko, R. O., Perek, A., Pericoli Ridolfini, V., Pesamosca, F., Piergotti, V., Pigatto, L., Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Plyusnin, V., Poli, E., Porte, L., Pucella, G., Puiatti, M. E., Putterich, T., Rabinski, M., Juul Rasmussen, J., Ravensbergen, T., Reich, M., Reimerdes, H., Reimold, F., Reux, C., Ricci, D., Ricci, P., Rispoli, N., Rosato, J., Saarelma, S., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Sauter, O., Scheffer, M., Schlatter, C., Schneider, B. S., Schrittwieser, R., Sharapov, S., Sheeba, R. R., Sheikh, U., Shousha, R., Silva, M., Sinha, J., Sozzi, C., Spolaore, M., Stipani, L., Strand, P., Tala, T., Tema Biwole, A. S., Teplukhina, A. A., Testa, D., Theiler, C., Thornton, A., Tomaz, G., Tomes, M., Tran, M. Q., Tsironis, C., Tsui, C. K., Urban, J., Valisa, M., Vallar, M., Van Vugt, D., Vartanian, S., Vasilovici, O., Verhaegh, K., Vermare, L., Vianello, N., Viezzer, E., Vijvers, W. A. J., Villone, F., Voitsekhovitch, I., Vu, N. M. T., Walkden, N., Wauters, T., Weiland, M., Weisen, H., Wensing, M., Wiesenberger, M., Wilkie, G., Wischmeier, M., Wu, K., Yoshida, M., Zagorski, R., Zanca, P., Zebrowski, J., Zisis, A., Zuin, M., Coda, S. et al, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear., Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Fabricación, Universidad de Sevilla. TEP111: Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, EUROfusion MST1 Team, Control Systems Technology, Data Mining, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, and Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic Stability of Fusion Plasmas
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Tokamak, Settore ING-INF/04, TK, UPGRADE, Cyclotron, Overview, Cyclotron resonance, overview, CONFINEMENT, DETACHMENT, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, law, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], CONTROL-SYSTEM, 0103 physical sciences, EUROfusion, 010306 general physics, tokamak, QC, plasma, nuclear fusion, Physics, PLASMA, Divertor, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Mechanics, TCV, MST1, Condensed Matter Physics, Neutral beam injection, Physics and Astronomy, 13. Climate action, confinement, detachment, Nuclear fusion, control-system, upgrade, TCV, MST1, Beam (structure), Tokamaks
Abstract: The research program of the TCV tokamak ranges from conventional to advanced-tokamak scenarios and alternative divertor configurations, to exploratory plasmas driven by theoretical insight, exploiting the device's unique shaping capabilities. Disruption avoidance by real-time locked mode prevention or unlocking with electron-cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) was thoroughly documented, using magnetic and radiation triggers. Runaway generation with high-Z noble-gas injection and runaway dissipation by subsequent Ne or Ar injection were studied for model validation. The new 1 MW neutral beam injector has expanded the parameter range, now encompassing ELMy H-modes in an ITER-like shape and nearly non-inductive H-mode discharges sustained by electron cyclotron and neutral beam current drive. In the H-mode, the pedestal pressure increases modestly with nitrogen seeding while fueling moves the density pedestal outwards, but the plasma stored energy is largely uncorrelated to either seeding or fueling. High fueling at high triangularity is key to accessing the attractive small edge-localized mode (type-II) regime. Turbulence is reduced in the core at negative triangularity, consistent with increased confinement and in accord with global gyrokinetic simulations. The geodesic acoustic mode, possibly coupled with avalanche events, has been linked with particle flow to the wall in diverted plasmas. Detachment, scrape-off layer transport, and turbulence were studied in L- and H-modes in both standard and alternative configurations (snowflake, super-X, and beyond). The detachment process is caused by power 'starvation' reducing the ionization source, with volume recombination playing only a minor role. Partial detachment in the H-mode is obtained with impurity seeding and has shown little dependence on flux expansion in standard single-null geometry. In the attached L-mode phase, increasing the outer connection length reduces the in-out heat-flow asymmetry. A doublet plasma, featuring an internal X-point, was achieved successfully, and a transport barrier was observed in the mantle just outside the internal separatrix. In the near future variable-configuration baffles and possibly divertor pumping will be introduced to investigate the effect of divertor closure on exhaust and performance, and 3.5 MW ECRH and 1 MW neutral beam injection heating will be added., This work was supported in part by the Swiss National Science Foundation.
Published: 2019

46. Dependence on plasma shape and plasma fueling for small edge-localized mode regimes in TCV and ASDEX Upgrade

Author: V. Piergotti, F. Pesamosca, Bogdan Hnat, A. Sperduti, A. Krivska, J. Vicente, Panagiotis Tolias, Emanuele Poli, Matthias Hoelzl, Benedikt Geiger, A. Jardin, J. Ayllon-Guerola, G. Apruzzese, T. Lunt, J. Galdon-Quiroga, Riccardo Maggiora, M. Tardocchi, M. Koubiti, T. Jonsson, Bruce Lipschultz, P. Innocente, A. Gude, I Miron, M. G. Dunne, G. F. Harrer, A. Moro, A. Iantchenko, K. Galazka, P. Poloskei, K. Bogar, Roberto Ambrosino, G. Ferr, Vladimir E. Moiseenko, Istvan Cziegler, L. Guimarais, S. Vartanian, B. Erds, G. Pucella, V. Bobkov, James Buchanan, Raffaele Albanese, Harry M. Meyer, D. Boeyaert, G. F. Matthews, Eva Macusova, V. S. Marchenko, R. Zagórski, J. Buermans, A. Fil, W. Zhang, Giuseppe Gorini, B. Tal, D. Zaloga, Hugo Bufferand, A. Romano, L. Colas, J. Zebrowski, M. Weiland, L. Barrera-Orte, Matjaž Panjan, A.J. Thornton, E. Wolfrum, Miglena Dimitrova, R. M. McDermott, R. Lombroni, O. Tudisco, F. Reimold, E. R. Solano, X. Feng, Petra Bilkova, M. Groth, E. Alessi, D. S. Gahle, Olivier Février, I. Voitsekhovitch, Matthew Carr, A. Bock, O. Vasilovici, C. Ham, Lorenzo Figini, Guglielmo Rubinacci, Peter Lang, Pierre Manas, S. Costea, A. Kirk, F. Causa, J. Adamek, Vu N. M. T., M. Cavedon, O. Grover, Geert Verdoolaege, M. Spolaore, L. Sanchis-Sanchez, P. Bohm, P. V. Kazantzidis, Sarah Newton, M. Tomes, M.-L. Mayoral, J. R. Harrison, C. Mazzotta, H. Reimerdes, Jorge Morales, D. Brunetti, J. Gonzalez-Martin, Tomas Markovic, S. S. Henderson, D. Ricci, J. Juul Rasmussen, F. Janky, S. Saarelma, Z. Popovic, C. Tsironis, J. J. Rasmussen, S. K. Hansen, Sandra C. Chapman, Volker Naulin, H. Arnichand, Roberto Paccagnella, M. Faitsch, Anders Nielsen, M. Kong, V. Igochine, C. Piron, C. Bowman, Jorge Ferreira, D. Sytnykov, K. G. McClements, Olivier Sauter, Ondrej Ficker, Matthias Wiesenberger, T. Ravensbergen, C. Reux, Irena Ivanova-Stanik, Dirk Reiser, M. Bernert, M. Vallar, J-M Moret, M. Gruca, D. I. Refy, P. Cano Megias, Benoit Labit, M. Schubert, Giuliana Sias, O. Bogar, P. J. Mc Carthy, I. Faust, Gergely Papp, F. Matos, J. Garcia, C. Marini, E. L. Sorokovoy, Dimitri Voltolina, George Wilkie, J. M. Santos, R. R. Sheeba, Vladimir Weinzettl, Sergei Kasilov, J. Cerovsky, Matteo Agostini, G. Tardini, Laurie Porte, F. Dolizy, L. Gil, Matthias Komm, A. Dal Molin, B. Sieglin, Roch Kwiatkowski, M. C. C Messmer, Toke Koldborg Jensen, Vinodh Bandaru, Ben F. McMillan, Alessandra Fanni, Daniele Carnevale, Shimpei Futatani, D. P. Coster, V. Korovin, S. E. Sharapov, Patrik Ollus, J. Gath, A. Czarnecka, D. Gallart, M. Peterka, P. Vallejos Olivares, Jernej Kovacic, Nicolas Fedorczak, Silvio Ceccuzzi, L. Piron, J. Rosato, G. Kocsis, Stefan Kragh Nielsen, M. Garcia-Mu oz, Radomir Panek, S. F. Smith, Paolo Bettini, A. Mariani, R. Dejarnac, Lorenzo Frassinetti, D. Douai, L. Garzotti, H. J. Sun, C.K. Tsui, N. den Harder, John Elmerdahl Olsen, F. Bombarda, M. Francesco, Piero Martin, D. Hogeweij, P. Blanchard, F. Bouquey, Gabor Por, Luca Boncagni, Carlo Sozzi, Martin Hron, P. A. Schneider, V. P. Loschiavo, David Terranova, D. Aguiam, D. Choi, M. Gobbin, D. Iglesias, M. Reich, G. Avdeeva, A. Gallo, O. Biletskyi, M. Aradi, F. Liu, M. Griener, Antti Snicker, L. Kripner, Jérôme Bucalossi, L. Hesslow, Nick Walkden, M. Rodriguez-Ramos, T. C. Blanken, Cristian Galperti, F. Jaulmes, G. Calabr, G.A. Rattá, W. Bin, S. Garavaglia, V. Plyusnin, Andreas Frank Martitsch, A. Zisis, Rita Lorenzini, Duccio Testa, M. Passeri, Ola Embréus, N. Krawczyk, K. Särkimäki, Davide Galassi, D. Samaddar, M. Oberkofler, E. Seliunin, D. Brida, P. Buratti, F. Nabais, J. Ongena, J. Likonen, Yann Camenen, M. J. Mantsinen, F. Carpanese, S. Wiesen, P. Piovesan, Mirko Salewski, J. Hawke, Florian Laggner, R. Bilato, M. Wischmeier, L. Pigatto, G. I. Pokol, G. Giruzzi, Jens Madsen, D. Gadariya, L. Stipani, Christian Theiler, J. Stober, Michael Barnes, Timothy Goodman, R. D. Nem, J. J. Dominguez-Palacios Duran, F. Militello, Y. Kulyk, D. J. Cruz Zabala, A. Drenik, P. Manz, M. Scheffer, V. Pericoli Radolfini, B. Tilia, John Omotani, B. Vanovac, B. S. Schneider, E. Fable, Jakub Urban, T. Gyergyek, A. N. Karpushov, M. Farnik, Jakub Seidl, Christopher G. Albert, Antoine Merle, A. Cathey, D. A. Ryan, Sergio Galeani, R. Scannell, A. Havranek, G. de Carolis, C. Soria-Hoyo, S. Gibson, D. Carralero, D. Meshcheriakov, Morten Stejner, B. P. Duval, Francesco Cordella, Mitja Kelemen, Svetlana V. Ratynskaia, Stefano Coda, L. Calacci, C. Cianfarani, Faa Federico Felici, A. C. A. Figueiredo, L. Panaccione, E. Viezzer, Fabio Villone, Daniele Milanesio, Winfried Kernbichler, Mario Sassano, A. Teplukhina, S. Zoletnik, L. Laguardia, P. Molina Cabrera, Taina Kurki-Suonio, D. Micheletti, P. Zanca, Daniel Dunai, S. Feng, J. Decker, Stylianos Varoutis, Lorella Carraro, M. Wensing, Gustavo Granucci, Artur Palha, A. Kappatou, J. Garcia-Lopez, Felix I. Parra, Ye. O. Kazakov, S. Brezinsek, Didier Mazon, A. Lahtinen, I. Paradela Perez, P. Chmielewski, L. Giacomelli, Alessandro Pau, Gianluca Spizzo, R. Delogu, R. J. Akers, H. De Oliveira, Petr Vondracek, F. P. Orsitto, J. Hobirk, L. Xiang, A. Burckhart, B. Maljaars, V. Petrzilka, Ocleto D'Arcangelo, P. David, D. Grekov, Tamás Szepesi, Y. Andr be, P. Hacek, M. Toscano-Jimenez, T. Pütterich, L. Cordaro, V. Nikolaeva, F. Orain, M. Rabinski, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, T. Tala, Maria Ester Puiatti, A. Casolari, T. Happel, Pär Strand, Benjamin Daniel Dudson, P. Mantica, Z. Huang, D. Colette, G. Ciraolo, Jan Mlynar, W. Suttrop, C. Meineri, J. Horacek, Seppo Sipilä, M. Gospodarczyk, S. Mastrostefano, Jesús Vega, Antti Hakola, Kevin Verhaegh, Roman Schrittwieser, C. Marchetto, M. Willensdorfer, Jari Varje, D. C. van Vugt, J. Faustin, Mathias Hoppe, M. Dreval, A. Perek, C. Angioni, Laure Vermare, U. A. Sheikh, J. F. Rivero-Rodriguez, G. Rubino, S.N. Reznik, Tsv K Popov, S. Nowak, A. S. Jacobsen, J. R. Martin Solis, David Moulton, Heinz Isliker, K. Wu, Anna Salmi, F. Nespoli, S. Elmore, O. Kudlacek, A. Kallenbach, Rok Zaplotnik, D. L. Keeling, L. Giannone, M. Maraschek, Carlos B. da Silva, F. Hitzler, M. Valovic, M. W. Jakubowski, L. Gabellieri, Jozef Varju, Marco Cecconello, M. Valisa, Vlado Menkovski, Gábor Cseh, E. Thoren, T. Eich, R. Coelho, F. Bagnato, Matteo Zuin, Alexander Kendl, G. Rocchi, G. Pautasso, D. Naydenkova, R. O. Pavlichenko, M. Fontana, Lionello Marrelli, Tommaso Bolzonella, Nicola Vianello, Pascale Hennequin, R. Ochoukov, Tom Wauters, Christian Hopf, Ch. Fuchs, E. Giovannozzi, Fulvio Auriemma, Roberto Maurizio, Stefan Buller, Massimo Nocente, K. Krieger, G. Grenfell, N. Rispoli, R. Dux, Barbara Cannas, Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Université Paris-Saclay-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-École polytechnique (X)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Labit, B., Eich, T., Harrer, G. F., Wolfrum, E., Bernert, M., Dunne, M. G., Frassinetti, L., Hennequin, P., Maurizio, R., Merle, A., Meyer, H., Saarelma, S., Sheikh, U., Adamek, J., Agostini, M., Aguiam, D., Akers, R., Albanese, R., Albert, C., Alessi, E., Ambrosino, R., Andr be, Y., Angioni, C., Apruzzese, G., Aradi, M., Arnichand, H., Auriemma, F., Avdeeva, G., Ayllon-Guerola, J. M., Bagnato, F., Bandaru, V. K., Barnes, M., Barrera-Orte, L., Bettini, P., Bilato, R., Biletskyi, O., Bilkova, P., Bin, W., Blanchard, P., Blanken, T., Bobkov, V., Bock, A., Boeyaert, D., Bogar, K., Bogar, O., Bohm, P., Bolzonella, T., Bombarda, F., Boncagni, L., Bouquey, F., Bowman, C., Brezinsek, S., Brida, D., Brunetti, D., Bucalossi, J., Buchanan, J., Buermans, J., Bufferand, H., Buller, S., Buratti, P., Burckhart, A., Calabr, G., Calacci, L., Camenen, Y., Cannas, B., Cano Megias, P., Carnevale, D., Carpanese, F., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carraro, L., Casolari, A., Cathey, A., Causa, F., Cavedon, M., Cecconello, M., Ceccuzzi, S., Cerovsky, J., Chapman, S., Chmielewski, P., Choi, D., Cianfarani, C., Ciraolo, G., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Colas, L., Colette, D., Cordaro, L., Cordella, F., Costea, S., Coster, D., Cruz Zabala, D. J., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., Cziegler, I., D'Arcangelo, O., Dal Molin, A., David, P., De Carolis, G., De Oliveira, H., Decker, J., Dejarnac, R., Delogu, R., Den Harder, N., Dimitrova, M., Dolizy, F., Dominguez-Palacios Duran, J. J., Douai, D., Drenik, A., Dreval, M., Dudson, B., Dunai, D., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Elmore, S., Embreus, O., Erds, B., Fable, E., Faitsch, M., Fanni, A., Farnik, M., Faust, I., Faustin, J., Fedorczak, N., Felici, F., Feng, S., Feng, X., Ferreira, J., Ferr, G., Fevrier, O., Ficker, O., Figini, L., Figueiredo, A., Fil, A., Fontana, M., Francesco, M., Fuchs, C., Futatani, S., Gabellieri, L., Gadariya, D., Gahle, D., Galassi, D., Galazka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Galeani, S., Gallart, D., Gallo, A., Galperti, C., Garavaglia, S., Garcia, J., Garcia-Lopez, J., Garcia-Mu oz, M., Garzotti, L., Gath, J., Geiger, B., Giacomelli, L., Giannone, L., Gibson, S., Gil, L., Giovannozzi, E., Giruzzi, G., Gobbin, M., Gonzalez-Martin, J., Goodman, T. P., Gorini, G., Gospodarczyk, M., Granucci, G., Grekov, D., Grenfell, G., Griener, M., Groth, M., Grover, O., Gruca, M., Gude, A., Guimarais, L., Gyergyek, T., Hacek, P., Hakola, A., Ham, C., Happel, T., Harrison, J., Havranek, A., Hawke, J., Henderson, S., Hesslow, L., Hitzler, F., Hnat, B., Hobirk, J., Hoelzl, M., Hogeweij, D., Hopf, C., Hoppe, M., Horacek, J., Hron, M., Huang, Z., Iantchenko, A., Iglesias, D., Igochine, V., Innocente, P., Ionita-Schrittwieser, C., Isliker, H., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jacobsen, A., Jakubowski, M., Janky, F., Jardin, A., Jaulmes, F., Jensen, T., Jonsson, T., Kallenbach, A., Kappatou, A., Karpushov, A., Kasilov, S., Kazakov, Y., Kazantzidis, P. V., Keeling, D., Kelemen, M., Kendl, A., Kernbichler, W., Kirk, A., Kocsis, G., Komm, M., Kong, M., Korovin, V., Koubiti, M., Kovacic, J., Krawczyk, N., Krieger, K., Kripner, L., Krivska, A., Kudlacek, O., Kulyk, Y., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwiatkowski, R., Laggner, F., Laguardia, L., Lahtinen, A., Lang, P., Likonen, J., Lipschultz, B., Liu, F., Lombroni, R., Lorenzini, R., Loschiavo, V. P., Lunt, T., Macusova, E., Madsen, J., Maggiora, R., Maljaars, B., Manas, P., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M. J., Manz, P., Maraschek, M., Marchenko, V., Marchetto, C., Mariani, A., Marini, C., Markovic, T., Marrelli, L., Martin, P., Martin Solis, J. R., Martitsch, A., Mastrostefano, S., Matos, F., Matthews, G., Mayoral, M. -L., Mazon, D., Mazzotta, C., Mc Carthy, P., Mcclements, K., Mcdermott, R., Mcmillan, B., Meineri, C., Menkovski, V., Meshcheriakov, D., Messmer, M., Micheletti, D., Milanesio, D., Militello, F., Miron, I. G., Mlynar, J., Moiseenko, V., Molina Cabrera, P. A., Morales, J., Moret, J. -M., Moro, A., Moulton, D., Nabais, F., Naulin, V., Naydenkova, D., Nem, R. D., Nespoli, F., Newton, S., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, S. K., Nikolaeva, V., Nocente, M., Nowak, S., Oberkofler, M., Ochoukov, R., Ollus, P., Olsen, J., Omotani, J., Ongena, J., Orain, F., Orsitto, F. P., Paccagnella, R., Palha, A., Panaccione, L., Panek, R., Panjan, M., Papp, G., Paradela Perez, I., Parra, F., Passeri, M., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Pavlichenko, R., Perek, A., Pericoli Radolfini, V., Pesamosca, F., Peterka, M., Petrzilka, V., Piergotti, V., Pigatto, L., Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Piron, L., Plyusnin, V., Pokol, G., Poli, E., Poloskei, P., Popov, T., Popovic, Z., Por, G., Porte, L., Pucella, G., Puiatti, M. E., Putterich, T., Rabinski, M., Juul Rasmussen, J., Rasmussen, J., Ratta, G. A., Ratynskaia, S., Ravensbergen, T., Refy, D., Reich, M., Reimerdes, H., Reimold, F., Reiser, D., Reux, C., Reznik, S., Ricci, D., Rispoli, N., Rivero-Rodriguez, J. F., Rocchi, G., Rodriguez-Ramos, M., Romano, A., Rosato, J., Rubinacci, G., Rubino, G., Ryan, D. A., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Samaddar, D., Sanchis-Sanchez, L., Santos, J., Sarkimaki, K., Sassano, M., Sauter, O., Scannell, R., Scheffer, M., Schneider, B. S., Schneider, P., Schrittwieser, R., Schubert, M., Seidl, J., Seliunin, E., Sharapov, S., Sheeba, R. R., Sias, G., Sieglin, B., Silva, C., Sipila, S., Smith, S., Snicker, A., Solano, E. R., Hansen, S. K., Soria-Hoyo, C., Sorokovoy, E., Sozzi, C., Sperduti, A., Spizzo, G., Spolaore, M., Stejner, M., Stipani, L., Stober, J., Strand, P., Sun, H., Suttrop, W., Sytnykov, D., Szepesi, T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Tardini, G., Tardocchi, M., Teplukhina, A., Terranova, D., Testa, D., Theiler, C., Thoren, E., Thornton, A., Tilia, B., Tolias, P., Tomes, M., Toscano-Jimenez, M., Tsironis, C., Tsui, C., Tudisco, O., Urban, J., Valisa, M., Vallar, M., Vallejos Olivares, P., Valovic, M., Van Vugt, D., Vanovac, B., Varje, J., Varju, J., Varoutis, S., Vartanian, S., Vasilovici, O., Vega, J., Verdoolaege, G., Verhaegh, K., Vermare, L., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Viezzer, E., Villone, F., Voitsekhovitch, I., Voltolina, D., Vondracek, P., Vu, N. M. T., Walkden, N., Wauters, T., Weiland, M., Weinzettl, V., Wensing, M., Wiesen, S., Wiesenberger, M., Wilkie, G., Willensdorfer, M., Wischmeier, M., Wu, K., Xiang, L., Zagorski, R., Zaloga, D., Zanca, P., Zaplotnik, R., Zebrowski, J., Zhang, W., Zisis, A., Zoletnik, S., Zuin, M., Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Vienna University of Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Université Paris-Saclay, JET, Czech Academy of Sciences, National Research Council of Italy, University of Lisbon, University of Naples Federico II, Graz University of Technology, University of Naples Parthenope, Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, University of Seville, University of Oxford, EUROfusion Programme Management Unit, National Science Center Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, CEA, University of York, Royal Military Academy, Chalmers University of Technology, Tuscia University, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, CNRS, University of Cagliari, CIEMAT, Uppsala University, University of Warwick, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, University of Innsbruck, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Durham University, BarcelonaTech, University of Strathclyde, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, University of Milan - Bicocca, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fusion and Plasma Physics, J. Stefan Institute, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, National Technical University of Athens, National Centre for Nuclear Research, University of Helsinki, Université Côte d'Azur, Polytechnic University of Turin, NASU - Institute of Nuclear Research, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, University College Cork, National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Department of Applied Physics, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Ghent University, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Labit, B, Eich, T, Harrer, G, Wolfrum, E, Bernert, M, Dunne, M, Frassinetti, L, Hennequin, P, Maurizio, R, Merle, A, Meyer, H, Saarelma, S, Sheikh, U, Adamek, J, Agostini, M, Aguiam, D, Akers, R, Albanese, R, Albert, C, Alessi, E, Ambrosino, R, Andr be, Y, Angioni, C, Apruzzese, G, Aradi, M, Arnichand, H, Auriemma, F, Avdeeva, G, Ayllon-Guerola, J, Bagnato, F, Bandaru, V, Barnes, M, Barrera-Orte, L, Bettini, P, Bilato, R, Biletskyi, O, Bilkova, P, Bin, W, Blanchard, P, Blanken, T, Bobkov, V, Bock, A, Boeyaert, D, Bogar, K, Bogar, O, Bohm, P, Bolzonella, T, Bombarda, F, Boncagni, L, Bouquey, F, Bowman, C, Brezinsek, S, Brida, D, Brunetti, D, Bucalossi, J, Buchanan, J, Buermans, J, Bufferand, H, Buller, S, Buratti, P, Burckhart, A, Calabr, G, Calacci, L, Camenen, Y, Cannas, B, Cano Megias, P, Carnevale, D, Carpanese, F, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carraro, L, Casolari, A, Cathey, A, Causa, F, Cavedon, M, Cecconello, M, Ceccuzzi, S, Cerovsky, J, Chapman, S, Chmielewski, P, Choi, D, Cianfarani, C, Ciraolo, G, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Colas, L, Colette, D, Cordaro, L, Cordella, F, Costea, S, Coster, D, Cruz Zabala, D, Cseh, G, Czarnecka, A, Cziegler, I, D'Arcangelo, O, Dal Molin, A, David, P, De Carolis, G, De Oliveira, H, Decker, J, Dejarnac, R, Delogu, R, Den Harder, N, Dimitrova, M, Dolizy, F, Dominguez-Palacios Duran, J, Douai, D, Drenik, A, Dreval, M, Dudson, B, Dunai, D, Duval, B, Dux, R, Elmore, S, Embreus, O, Erds, B, Fable, E, Faitsch, M, Fanni, A, Farnik, M, Faust, I, Faustin, J, Fedorczak, N, Felici, F, Feng, S, Feng, X, Ferreira, J, Ferr, G, Fevrier, O, Ficker, O, Figini, L, Figueiredo, A, Fil, A, Fontana, M, Francesco, M, Fuchs, C, Futatani, S, Gabellieri, L, Gadariya, D, Gahle, D, Galassi, D, Galazka, K, Galdon-Quiroga, J, Galeani, S, Gallart, D, Gallo, A, Galperti, C, Garavaglia, S, Garcia, J, Garcia-Lopez, J, Garcia-Mu oz, M, Garzotti, L, Gath, J, Geiger, B, Giacomelli, L, Giannone, L, Gibson, S, Gil, L, Giovannozzi, E, Giruzzi, G, Gobbin, M, Gonzalez-Martin, J, Goodman, T, Gorini, G, Gospodarczyk, M, Granucci, G, Grekov, D, Grenfell, G, Griener, M, Groth, M, Grover, O, Gruca, M, Gude, A, Guimarais, L, Gyergyek, T, Hacek, P, Hakola, A, Ham, C, Happel, T, Harrison, J, Havranek, A, Hawke, J, Henderson, S, Hesslow, L, Hitzler, F, Hnat, B, Hobirk, J, Hoelzl, M, Hogeweij, D, Hopf, C, Hoppe, M, Horacek, J, Hron, M, Huang, Z, Iantchenko, A, Iglesias, D, Igochine, V, Innocente, P, Ionita-Schrittwieser, C, Isliker, H, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Jacobsen, A, Jakubowski, M, Janky, F, Jardin, A, Jaulmes, F, Jensen, T, Jonsson, T, Kallenbach, A, Kappatou, A, Karpushov, A, Kasilov, S, Kazakov, Y, Kazantzidis, P, Keeling, D, Kelemen, M, Kendl, A, Kernbichler, W, Kirk, A, Kocsis, G, Komm, M, Kong, M, Korovin, V, Koubiti, M, Kovacic, J, Krawczyk, N, Krieger, K, Kripner, L, Krivska, A, Kudlacek, O, Kulyk, Y, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kwiatkowski, R, Laggner, F, Laguardia, L, Lahtinen, A, Lang, P, Likonen, J, Lipschultz, B, Liu, F, Lombroni, R, Lorenzini, R, Loschiavo, V, Lunt, T, Macusova, E, Madsen, J, Maggiora, R, Maljaars, B, Manas, P, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manz, P, Maraschek, M, Marchenko, V, Marchetto, C, Mariani, A, Marini, C, Markovic, T, Marrelli, L, Martin, P, Martin Solis, J, Martitsch, A, Mastrostefano, S, Matos, F, Matthews, G, Mayoral, M, Mazon, D, Mazzotta, C, Mc Carthy, P, Mcclements, K, Mcdermott, R, Mcmillan, B, Meineri, C, Menkovski, V, Meshcheriakov, D, Messmer, M, Micheletti, D, Milanesio, D, Militello, F, Miron, I, Mlynar, J, Moiseenko, V, Molina Cabrera, P, Morales, J, Moret, J, Moro, A, Moulton, D, Nabais, F, Naulin, V, Naydenkova, D, Nem, R, Nespoli, F, Newton, S, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, S, Nikolaeva, V, Nocente, M, Nowak, S, Oberkofler, M, Ochoukov, R, Ollus, P, Olsen, J, Omotani, J, Ongena, J, Orain, F, Orsitto, F, Paccagnella, R, Palha, A, Panaccione, L, Panek, R, Panjan, M, Papp, G, Paradela Perez, I, Parra, F, Passeri, M, Pau, A, Pautasso, G, Pavlichenko, R, Perek, A, Pericoli Radolfini, V, Pesamosca, F, Peterka, M, Petrzilka, V, Piergotti, V, Pigatto, L, Piovesan, P, Piron, C, Piron, L, Plyusnin, V, Pokol, G, Poli, E, Poloskei, P, Popov, T, Popovic, Z, Por, G, Porte, L, Pucella, G, Puiatti, M, Putterich, T, Rabinski, M, Juul Rasmussen, J, Rasmussen, J, Ratta, G, Ratynskaia, S, Ravensbergen, T, Refy, D, Reich, M, Reimerdes, H, Reimold, F, Reiser, D, Reux, C, Reznik, S, Ricci, D, Rispoli, N, Rivero-Rodriguez, J, Rocchi, G, Rodriguez-Ramos, M, Romano, A, Rosato, J, Rubinacci, G, Rubino, G, Ryan, D, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Samaddar, D, Sanchis-Sanchez, L, Santos, J, Sarkimaki, K, Sassano, M, Sauter, O, Scannell, R, Scheffer, M, Schneider, B, Schneider, P, Schrittwieser, R, Schubert, M, Seidl, J, Seliunin, E, Sharapov, S, Sheeba, R, Sias, G, Sieglin, B, Silva, C, Sipila, S, Smith, S, Snicker, A, Solano, E, Hansen, S, Soria-Hoyo, C, Sorokovoy, E, Sozzi, C, Sperduti, A, Spizzo, G, Spolaore, M, Stejner, M, Stipani, L, Stober, J, Strand, P, Sun, H, Suttrop, W, Sytnykov, D, Szepesi, T, Tal, B, Tala, T, Tardini, G, Tardocchi, M, Teplukhina, A, Terranova, D, Testa, D, Theiler, C, Thoren, E, Thornton, A, Tilia, B, Tolias, P, Tomes, M, Toscano-Jimenez, M, Tsironis, C, Tsui, C, Tudisco, O, Urban, J, Valisa, M, Vallar, M, Vallejos Olivares, P, Valovic, M, Van Vugt, D, Vanovac, B, Varje, J, Varju, J, Varoutis, S, Vartanian, S, Vasilovici, O, Vega, J, Verdoolaege, G, Verhaegh, K, Vermare, L, Vianello, N, Vicente, J, Viezzer, E, Villone, F, Voitsekhovitch, I, Voltolina, D, Vondracek, P, Vu, N, Walkden, N, Wauters, T, Weiland, M, Weinzettl, V, Wensing, M, Wiesen, S, Wiesenberger, M, Wilkie, G, Willensdorfer, M, Wischmeier, M, Wu, K, Xiang, L, Zagorski, R, Zaloga, D, Zanca, P, Zaplotnik, R, Zebrowski, J, Zhang, W, Zisis, A, Zoletnik, S, Zuin, M, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. ANT - Advanced Nuclear Technologies Research Group, Control Systems Technology, Science and Technology of Nuclear Fusion, Data Mining, Sensorics for fusion reactors, and Magneto-Hydro-Dynamic Stability of Fusion Plasmas
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Settore ING-INF/04, Work package, grassy ELM, ballooning modes, Nuclear physics, 01 natural sciences, Flattening, Ballooning, 010305 fluids & plasmas, grassy ELMs, separatrix density, ASDEX Upgrade, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Edge-localized mode, QC, H-mode, plasma triangularity, type-II ELMs, Physics, Física [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], type-II ELM, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Null (physics), Shear (sheet metal), Física nuclear, Atomic physics, ballooning mode
Abstract: Within the EUROfusion MST1 work package, a series of experiments has been conducted on AUG and TCV devices to disentangle the role of plasma fueling and plasma shape for the onset of small ELM regimes. On both devices, small ELM regimes with high confinement are achieved if and only if two conditions are fulfilled at the same time. Firstly, the plasma density at the separatrix must be large enough (), leading to a pressure profile flattening at the separatrix, which stabilizes type-I ELMs. Secondly, the magnetic configuration has to be close to a double null (DN), leading to a reduction of the magnetic shear in the extreme vicinity of the separatrix. As a consequence, its stabilizing effect on ballooning modes is weakened. Peer Reviewed Article escrit per 365 autors/autores: Labit, B.; Eich, T.; Harrer, G. F.; Wolfrum, E.; Bernert, M.; Dunne, M. G.; Frassinetti, L.; Hennequin, P.; Maurizio, R.; Merle, A.; Meyer, H.; Saarelma, S.; Sheikh, U.; Adamek, J.; Agostini, M.; Aguiam, D.; Akers, R.; Albanese, R.; Albert, C.; Alessi, E.; Ambrosino, R.; Andr be, Y.; Angioni, C.; Apruzzese, G.; Aradi, M.; Arnichand, H.; Auriemma, F.; Avdeeva, G.; Ayllon-Guerola, J. M.; Bagnato, F.; Bandaru, V. K.; Barnes, M.; Barrera-Orte, L.; Bettini, P.; Bilato, R.; Biletskyi, O.; Bilkova, P.; Bin, W.; Blanchard, P.; Blanken, T.; Bobkov, V.; Bock, A.; Boeyaert, D.; Bogar, K.; Bogar, O.; Bohm, P.; Bolzonella, T.; Bombarda, F.; Boncagni, L.; Bouquey, F.; Bowman, C.; Brezinsek, S.; Brida, D.; Brunetti, D.; Bucalossi, J.; Buchanan, J.; Buermans, J.; Bufferand, H.; Buller, S.; Buratti, P.; Burckhart, A.; Calabr, G.; Calacci, L.; Camenen, Y.; Cannas, B.; Cano Megías, P.; Carnevale, D.; Carpanese, F.; Carr, M.; Carralero, D.; Carraro, L.; Casolari, A.; Cathey, A.; Causa, F.; Cavedon, M.; Cecconello, M.; Ceccuzzi, S.; Cerovsky, J.; Chapman, S.; Chmielewski, P.; Choi, D.; Cianfarani, C.; Ciraolo, G.; Coda, S.; Coelho, R.; Colas, L.; Colette, D.; Cordaro, L.; Cordella, F.; Costea, S.; Coster, D.; Cruz Zabala, D. J.; Cseh, G.; Czarnecka, A.; Cziegler, I.; D’Arcangelo, O.; Dal Molin, A.; David, P.; De Carolis, G.; De Oliveira, H.; Decker, J.; Dejarnac, R.; Delogu, R.; Den Harder, N.; Dimitrova, M.; Dolizy, F.; Domínguez-Palacios Durán, J. J.; Douai, D.; Drenik, A.; Dreval, M.; Dudson, B.; Dunai, D.; Duval, B. P.; Dux, R.; Elmore, S.; Embréus, O.; Erds, B.; Fable, E.; Faitsch, M.; Fanni, A.; Farnik, M.; Faust, I.; Faustin, J.; Fedorczak, N.; Felici, F.; Feng, S.; Feng, X.; Ferreira, J.; Ferr, G.; Février, O.; Ficker, O.; Figini, L.; Figueiredo, A.; Fil, A.; Fontana, M.; Francesco, M.; Fuchs, C.; Futatani, S.; Gabellieri, L.; Gadariya, D.; Gahle, D.; Galassi, D.; Gałązka, K.; Galdon-Quiroga, J.; Galeani, S.; Gallart, D.; Gallo, A.; Galperti, C.; Garavaglia, S.; Garcia, J.; Garcia-Lopez, J.; Garcia-Mu oz, M.; Garzotti, L.; Gath, J.; Geiger, B.; Giacomelli, L.; Giannone, L.; Gibson, S.; Gil, L.; Giovannozzi, E.; Giruzzi, G.; Gobbin, M.; Gonzalez-Martin, J.; Goodman, T. P.; Gorini, G.; Gospodarczyk, M.; Granucci, G.; Grekov, D. 1; Grenfell, G.; Griener, M.; Groth, M.; Grover, O.; Gruca, M.; Gude, A.; Guimarais, L.; Gyergyek, T.; Hacek, P.; Hakola, A.; Ham, C.; Happel, T.; Harrison, J.; Havranek, A.; Hawke, J.; Henderson, S.; Hesslow, L.; Hitzler, F.; Hnat, B.; Hobirk, J.; Hoelzl, M.; Hogeweij, D.; Hopf, C.; Hoppe, M.; Horacek, J.; Hron, M.; Huang, Z.; Iantchenko, A.; Iglesias, D.; Igochine, V.; Innocente, P.; Ionita-Schrittwieser, C.; Isliker, H.; Ivanova-Stanik, I.; Jacobsen, A.; Jakubowski, M.; Janky, F.; Jardin, A.; Jaulmes, F.; Jensen, T.; Jonsson, T.; Kallenbach, A.; Kappatou, A.; Karpushov, A.; Kasilov, S.; Kazakov, Y.; Kazantzidis, P. V.; Keeling, D.; Kelemen, M.; Kendl, A.; Kernbichler, W.; Kirk, A.; Kocsis, G.; Komm, M.; Kong, M.; Korovin, V.; Koubiti, M.; Kovacic, J.; Krawczyk, N.; Krieger, K.; Kripner, L.; Křivská, A.; Kudlacek, O.; Kulyk, Y.; Kurki-Suonio, T.; Kwiatkowski, R.; Laggner, F.; Laguardia, L.; Lahtinen, A.; Lang, P.; Likonen, J.; Lipschultz, B.; Liu, F.; Lombroni, R.; Lorenzini, R.; Loschiavo, V. P.; Lunt, T.; MacUsova, E.; Madsen, J.; Maggiora, R.; Maljaars, B.; Manas, P.; Mantica, P.; Mantsinen, M. J.; Manz, P.; Maraschek, M.; Marchenko, V.; Marchetto, C.; Mariani, A.; Marini, C.; Markovic, T.; Marrelli, L.; Martin, P.; Martín Solís, J. R.; Martitsch, A.; Mastrostefano, S.; Matos, F.; Matthews, G.; Mayoral, M.-L.; Mazon, D.; Mazzotta, C.; Mc Carthy, P.; McClements, K.; McDermott, R.; McMillan, B.; Meineri, C.; Menkovski, V.; Meshcheriakov, D.; Messmer, M.; Micheletti, D.; Milanesio, D.; Militello, F.; Miron, I. G.; Mlynar, J.; Moiseenko, V.; Molina Cabrera, P. A.; Morales, J.; Moret, J.-M.; Moro, A.; Moulton, D.; Nabais, F.; Naulin, V.; Naydenkova, D.; Nem, R. D.; Nespoli, F.; Newton, S.; Nielsen, A. H.; Nielsen, S. K.; Nikolaeva, V.; Nocente, M.; Nowak, S.; Oberkofler, M.; Ochoukov, R.; Ollus, P.; Olsen, J.; Omotani, J.; Ongena, J.; Orain, F.; Orsitto, F. P.; Paccagnella, R.; Palha, A.; Panaccione, L.; Panek, R.; Panjan, M.; Papp, G.; Paradela Perez, I.; Parra, F.; Passeri, M.; Pau, A.; Pautasso, G.; Pavlichenko, R.; Perek, A.; Pericoli Radolfini, V.; Pesamosca, F.; Peterka, M.; Petrzilka, V.; Piergotti, V.; Pigatto, L.; Piovesan, P.; Piron, C.; Piron, L.; Plyusnin, V.; Pokol, G.; Poli, E.; Pölöskei, P.; Popov, T.; Popovic, Z.; Pór, G.; Porte, L.; Pucella, G.; Puiatti, M. E.; Pütterich, T.; Rabinski, M.; Juul Rasmussen, J.; Rasmussen, J.; Rattá, G. A.; Ratynskaia, S.; Ravensbergen, T.; Réfy, D.; Reich, M.; Reimerdes, H.; Reimold, F.; Reiser, D.; Reux, C.; Reznik, S.; Ricci, D.; Rispoli, N.; Rivero-Rodriguez, J. F.; Rocchi, G.; Rodriguez-Ramos, M.; Romano, A.; Rosato, J.; Rubinacci, G.; Rubino, G.; Ryan, D. A.; Salewski, M.; Salmi, A.; Samaddar, D.; Sanchis-Sanchez, L.; Santos, J.; Särkimäki, K.; Sassano, M.; Sauter, O.; Scannell, R.; Scheffer, M.; Schneider, B. S.; Schneider, P.; Schrittwieser, R.; Schubert, M.; Seidl, J.; Seliunin, E.; Sharapov, S.; Sheeba, R. R.; Sias, G.; Sieglin, B.; Silva, C.; Sipilä, S.; Smith, S.; Snicker, A.; Solano, E. R.; Hansen, S. K.; Soria-Hoyo, C.; Sorokovoy, E.; Sozzi, C.; Sperduti, A.; Spizzo, G.; Spolaore, M.; Stejner, M.; Stipani, L.; Stober, J.; Strand, P.; Sun, H.; Suttrop, W.; Sytnykov, D.; Szepesi, T.; Tál, B.; Tala, T.; Tardini, G.; Tardocchi, M.; Teplukhina, A.; Terranova, D.; Testa, D.; Theiler, C.; Thorén, E.; Thornton, A.; Tilia, B.; Tolias, P.; Tomes, M.; Toscano-Jimenez, M.; Tsironis, C.; Tsui, C.; Tudisco, O.; Urban, J.; Valisa, M.; Vallar, M.; Vallejos Olivares, P.; Valovic, M.; Van Vugt, D.; Vanovac, B.; Varje, J.; Varju, J.; Varoutis, S. 1; Vartanian, S.; Vasilovici, O.; Vega, J.; Verdoolaege, G.; Verhaegh, K.; Vermare, L.; Vianello, N.; Vicente, J.; Viezzer, E.; Villone, F.; Voitsekhovitch, I.; Voltolina, D.; Vondracek, P.; Vu, N. M. T.; Walkden, N.; Wauters, T.; Weiland, M.; Weinzettl, V.; Wensing, M.; Wiesen, S.; Wiesenberger, M.; Wilkie, G.; Willensdorfer, M.; Wischmeier, M.; Wu, K.; Xiang, L.; Zagorski, R.; Zaloga, D.; Zanca, P.; Zaplotnik, R.; Zebrowski, J.; Zhang, W.; Zisis, A.; Zoletnik, S.; Zuin, M.
Published: 2019

47. Analysis of metallic impurity content by means of VUV and SXR diagnostics in hybrid discharges with hot-spots on the JET-ITER-like wall poloidal limiter

Author: Ewa Pawelec, M. Sertoli, Ph. Jacquet, N. Krawczyk, L. Meneses, Th. Pütterich, C. D. Challis, D. Van Eester, K. D. Lawson, D. Frigione, M. Valisa, A. Czarnecka, Jonathan Graves, Jet Contributors, M. J. Mantsinen, E. Lerche, V. Bobkov, JET Contributors, Czarnecka, A., Krawczyk, N., Jacquet, P., Lerche, E., Bobkov, V., Challis, C., Frigione, D., Graves, J., Lawson, K. D., Mantsinen, M. J., Meneses, L., Pawelec, E., Putterich, T., Sertoli, M., Valisa, M., and Van Eester, D.
Subjects: SXR, hot-spot, plasma impurity, plasma physics, tokamaks, tungsten, VUV spectroscopy, Materials science, Tokamak, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Ion, law.invention, Impurity, law, 0103 physical sciences, plasma physic, Limiter, 010306 general physics, tokamak, Jet (fluid), Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Electric current, Atomic physics
Abstract: In preparation for the upcoming JET D-T campaign, great effort has been devoted during the 2015-2016 JET campaigns with the ITER-like wall (ILW) to the extension of the high performance H-mode phase in baseline and hybrid scenarios. Hybrid discharges were the only ones that have been stopped by the real-time vessel protection system due hot-spot formation on the outboard poloidal limiter. Generation of hot-spots was linked to the application of high neutral beams injection and ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) power. In tokamaks with high-Z plasma components, the use of ICRH heating is also accompanied by an increased metallic impurity content. Simultaneous control of hot-spot temperature and the core impurity content was crucial due to the fact that the same plasma-wall interaction mechanism is responsible for both phenomena. Impurity data collected by SXR, EUV and VUV diagnostics were able to provide for the first time comprehensive information concerning tungsten and mid-Z impurities such as nickel, iron, and cooper. To determine absolute mid-Z impurity concentrations a new relative calibration technique, compatible with JET-ILW, has been developed based on cross-calibration with a calibrated spectrometer via the quasicontinuum of W in the 200-400 Å wavelength range. In hybrid discharges, it was found that local D2 gas injection, plasma current, separatrix density, and fast ion losses appeared to impact hot-spot temperature and core impurity levels. Analysis showed a reduced maximum hot-spot temperature and impurity concentration at higher gas rate. Changes in the plasma current had a strong impact on the plasma-wall interaction, both via modifications in the edge density and in the fast ion losses. At constant gas injection rate, both the hot-spot temperature and the core impurity content decreased with the separatrix density. The main mechanism responsible for the formation of the hot-spots was found to be linked to the fast ion losses, but RF sheath effects may also be playing a role in the high limiter temperatures observed in these experiments. © Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion.
Published: 2019
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48. Studies of the polarization of gamma photons originating from the decay of positronium atoms

Author: Sushil K. Sharma, J. Raj, and N. Krawczyk
Subjects: Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Photon, Annihilation, Scattering, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillator, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Positronium, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Relative polarization, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The precise measurements of the Compton scatterings of photons originating from the decay of positronium atoms can reveal information about their polarizations. J-PET detector is constructed of 192 plastic scintillators and is unique to study the scattering correlations of the annihilation photons with an angular precision of several degrees. In this work, we present the first experimental evidence showing the feasibility of measuring the photons relative polarization using the J-PET detector., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to be published in AIP Conference Proceedings
Published: 2019

49. Feasibility studies of the polarization of photons beyond the optical wavelength regime with the J-PET detector

Author: Muhsin Mohammed, Lech Raczyński, Sushil K. Sharma, R. Del Grande, Kamil Dulski, Marek Palka, R. Y. Shopa, Monika Pawlik-Niedźwiecka, D. Kisielewska, Marek Gorgol, Sz. Niedźwiecki, Paweł Moskal, Grzegorz Korcyl, Catalina Curceanu, Paweł Kowalski, Bożena Jasińska, Michał Silarski, J. Raj, Magdalena Skurzok, L. Kaplon, Aleksander Gajos, Tomasz Kozik, Zbigniew Rudy, Eryk Czerwiński, Bożena Zgardzińska, M. Bała, S. Shivani, Ewelina Kubicz, Konrad Klimaszewski, Wojciech Krzemien, K. Kacprzak, N. Krawczyk, Wojciech Wiślicki, and Beatrix C. Hiesmayr
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Photon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Regular Article - Experimental Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Positronium, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, lcsh:QB460-466, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, Annihilation, Linear polarization, Scattering, Compton scattering, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Polarization (waves), Computational physics, lcsh:QC770-798
Abstract: J-PET is a detector optimized for registration of photons from the electron-positron annihilation via plastic scintillators where photons interact predominantly via Compton scattering. Registration of both primary and scattered photons enables to determinate the linear polarization of the primary photon on the event by event basis with a certain probability. Here we present quantitative results on the feasibility of such polarization measurements of photons from the decay of positronium with the J-PET and explore the physical limitations for the resolution of the polarization determination of 511 keV photons via Compton scattering. For scattering angles of about 82 deg (where the best contrast for polarization measurement is theoretically predicted) we find that the single event resolution for the determination of the polarization is about 40 deg (predominantly due to properties of the Compton effect). However, for samples larger than ten thousand events the J-PET is capable of determining relative average polarization of these photons with the precision of about few degrees. The obtained results open new perspectives for studies of various physics phenomena such as quantum entanglement and tests of discrete symmetries in decays of positronium and extend the energy range of polarization measurements by five orders of magnitude beyond the optical wavelength regime., 10 pages, 14 figures, submitted to EPJ C
Published: 2018

50. Comparison of silicon drift detectors made by Amptek and PNDetectors in application to the PHA system for W7-X

Author: N. Krawczyk, Monika Kubkowska, Leszek Ryć, and J. Kaczmarczyk
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Science, Detector, Pulse height analysis, plasma diagnostic, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, solid-state detectors, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, business, Waste Management and Disposal, Instrumentation, pulse height analysis
Abstract: The paper presents comparison of two silicon drift detectors (SDD), one made by Amptek, USA, and the second one by PNDetector, Germany, which are considered for a soft X-ray diagnostic system for W7-X. The sensitive area of the first one is 7 mm2 × 450 μm and the second one is 10 mm2 × 450 μm. The first detector is cooled by a double-stage Peltier element, while the second detector is cooled by single-stage Peltier element. Each one is equipped with a field-effect transistor (FET). In the detector from Amptek, the FET is mounted separately, while in the detector from PNDetector, the FET is integrated on the chip. The nominal energy resolution given by the producers of the first and the second one is 136 eV@5.9 keV (at -50°C) and 132 eV@5.9 keV (at -20°C), respectively. Owing to many advantages, the investigated detectors are good candidates for soft X-ray measurements in magnetic confinement devices. They are suitable for soft X-ray diagnostics, like the pulse height analysis (PHA) system for the stellarator Wendelstein 7-X, which has been developed and manufactured at the Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IPPLM), Warsaw, in collaboration with the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics (IPP), Greifswald. The diagnostic is important for the measurements of plasma electron temperature, impurities content, and possible suprathermal tails in the spectra. In order to choose the best type of detector, analysis of technical parameters and laboratory tests were done. Detailed studies show that the most suitable detector for the PHA diagnostics is the PNDetector.
Published: 2016

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