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Green Building: Modern green building concepts have been replaced by green building concepts, green concrete mixtures, and use of sensors for monitoring the structures. Inorder to replace the steel, sustainable material bamboo is used in the construction. Cooling efficiency earth-air tunnels-geothermal-chilled beams lighting efficiency. Hybrid fibers, steel, glass, GGBS—Use of Wireless Sensor Network key technologies in IOT. Waste materials in road construction—Incinerated toilets instead of water closets-Green information and communication technologies-More energy Pc’s, servers, routers and hardware virtualization resulting in greater information processing per cycle. Green grids reduced T&D losses. Reuse of ETP reused water up to the tertiary level. Neopor insulation Using of paralink in road layup-Erosion protection matbiomac C terramesh—Installing optibo in luxurious buildings. Reducing the use of CO2 releasing products. Offering an alternative fossil resources-Treating waste using solar electricity-Making sewage sludge. Providing electricity through solar panels-recycling of waste, gray water at least 50% using modern sewage system-Using of ASHARE in indoor and outdoor air quality—Truss insulation PEB ceiling—Usage of low e-gas AAC or cellular concrete blocks. Using technologies based upon the geothermal engineering—Usage of PUE materials—Usage of nanomaterials which are biodegradable in constructions—Using BIM technologies in installing alarm and ventilator on construction site which start automatically. Sensors: Various types of sensors installation including the safety of man power monitoring sensors. Placing of sensors in doors and windows in monitoring the theft.

The term “green building” is used to describe buildings that are designed, constructed, and operated, to have a minimum impact on the environment, both indoor and outdoor. Most discussions of green buildings refer to the importance of providing an acceptable, if not exceptional, indoor environment for the building occupants. This paper describes the basic concepts of green building and discusses the role of HVAC for ensuring high-performance sustainable buildings in design and operation. The design strategies for effective and green HVAC systems are explained, and the new emerging HVAC technologies for green buildings are described. It is hoped that HVAC designers and other building professionals could develop a better understanding of green buildings and apply effective strategies and techniques for meeting the goal.

The term and quote, green building and quote, is used to describe buildings that are designed, constructed, and operated, to have a minimum impact on the environment, both indoor and outdoor. Most discussions of green buildings refer to the importance of providing an acceptable, if not exceptional, indoor environment for the building occupants. However, these discussions of indoor environment quality have not included many specific recommendations or criteria for building design, construction, or operation. Building projects described as green building demonstrations often make reference to in door air quality, but these references are often general and qualitative. In addition, rating systems that have been developed to assess the and quote, greenness and quote, of a building are based largely on design features and are not particularly specific with respect to indoor air quality. This paper reviews the features of indoor air quality that are considered in green building discussions, demonstration projects, and rating systems. These green building features are discussed in terms of their completeness and specificity and are compared to other guidance on building design, construction, and operation for good indoor air quality. A case study of indoor air quality performance in a green building is presented. This study includes a description of the indoor air quality features of the building and the results of a short-term indoor air quality evaluation of the building involving ventilation and contaminant concentration measurements.

In this paper study the experimental investigation of partial replacement of fly ash, lime, metakaolin by the weight of cement. It can increase the strength of concrete. The replacement of pozzolanic material various percentages of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 by cement content. The preliminary test is conducted in the cementitious material such as fly ash, lime, metakaolin for specific gravity, fineness test, soundness test, and setting time of cement to check that having cementitious properties and then conducted the strength test of harden concrete like compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength test.

The aim of this study is to find the cost design of RC tension with varying conditions using the Artificial Neural Network. Design constraints were used to cover all reliable design parameters, such as limiting cross sectional dimensions and; their reinforcement ratio and even the beahviour of optimally designed sections. The design of the RC tension members were made using Indian and European standard specifications which were discussed. The designed tension members according to both codes satisfy the strength and serviceability criteria. While no literature is available on the optimal design of RC tension members, the cross-sectional dimensions of the tension membersfor different grades of concrete and steel, and area of formwork are considered as the variables in the present optimum design model. A design example is explained and the results are presented. It is concluded that the proposed optimum design model yields rational, reliable, and practical designs.

Design of portal frames were carried out for different grades of steel with a well-defined objective function framed in order to minimize the cost of construction of reinfofced concrete portal frames for different spans using direct stiffness method. The design variables that are considered are the volume of steel used for reinforcement, volume of concrete for sectional members that is got from the width, depth of the required section. The constrains for the design of beams were done according to the Indian codal provisions. Separate coding was written in MATLAB to determine the optimal design of beams. The optimal design results obtained had a minimum usage of concrete and steel when compared to the normal one with a variation of 5% for the beam and 3% for the column. The reduction in cost is due to reduction in the cross-section as a result of the optimization technique. Nearly 100 designed samples using different cross-section areas were carried out and the final conclusions were derived and found to provide optimal values to certain extent which would be useful for the design engineers.

In future, there would be massive increase in damage of the structures and lives because of the seismic action. The main aim is to analyse the seismic response in RC framed structure using response spectrum analysis method, a comparative study was made between RC bare framed structure, and RC framed structure with shear wall. To enhance the stability and lateral stiffness to the structure against lateral load shear wall system is provided. ETABS, a structural analysis tool has been used to analysis the RC frame structure. Due to earthquake action, the response of the structure is observed. The essential parameters are observed and plotted in graphs as per IS1893-2016. To determine the response of the structure maximum drift, maximum displacement, and overturning moment were observed.

This paper gives an application of the use of particle swarm algorithm of reinforced concrete axially loaded compression members which were designed using limit state approach. The minimization of cost of these reinforced concrete compression members is carried out to get the most optimal solution in the cross section as well as in the placement of reinforcement the reinforcements at specified intervals. Particle Swarm optimization algorithm is used to find out the optimal size of the cross section and reinforcement steel. A coding has been created has been created to carry out the design for various velocity and population sizes as variable in MATLAB. The axial loads considered vary from 500kN to 2500kN. Design constraints for the design of the compression members are considered according to the Indian Standard specifications. The coding requires the user to give various input design parameters like the grades of concrete and steel, and the design live loads, percentage of steel values. The algorithm in MATLAB figures out the final e area of concrete and steel that are required for particular sections, by optimizing the overall cost of materials involved, for its construction process. Trial designs of compression members are carried out using the program and the results obtained from the non traditional technique is compared with those obtained by manual calculations by using MS Excel sheets. It is proved that the developed program is effective and adaptable and it is determined that the optimal design has been obtained by using Genetic Algorithm. From the manual designed predicted values different graphs have been drawn for different parameters whose results and equations formed will be useful for the future designers.