Search

Graphene Oxide-Zinc Oxide (GO-ZnO) - a new nanomaterial that has queued the interest of researchers. Their intriguing promising physical and electrochemical features of electrode material have led to its widespread use in electrochemical sensor applications. GO-ZnO based nanomaterial were extensively exploited in the construction of electrochemical sensors due to their adaptability and distinct qualities. On understanding the structural role of these materials, their modification processes are critical for realizing their full potential. The advancement of technology on new concepts and strategies has revolutionized the field of sensor devices with high sensitivities and selectivity. These tools can test a range of contaminants quickly, accurately, and affordably while performing automated chemical analysis in complicated matrices. This paper highlights the electrochemical transducer surface for sensing various analytes and current research activity on GO-ZnO nanocomposite. Additionally, we talked about current developments in GO-ZnO nanostructured composites to identify relevant analytes (i.e., Nitrophenols, Antibiotic Drugs, Biomolecules). While being used in the laboratory, the majority of produced systems have proven to bring about excellent gains. Their monitoring application still has a long way to go before it is fixed due to problems like technological advancements and multifunctional strategies to get around the challenges for improving the sensing systems.

Metal/metal oxide nanoparticles have gained much attention in the field of organic catalysis and photocatalysis reactions for development of greener methodology. In the present work, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized by a greener route using Cordia sebestena (C. sebestena) flower aqueous extract. The nanoparticles were evaluated for their catalytic efficiency. The green synthesized CuO NPs were characterized using various analytical studies. A UV–Visible spectrum with peak at 267 nm and the peaks in their FT-IR spectrum at 431 and 542 cm−1 showed reduction by the plant metabolites. FESEM-EDX analysis of CuO NPs shows an agglomerated spherical shape with signatures of Cu and O and XRD reveals characteristic crystallinity. TEM and DLS analyses showed particle size between 20 and 35 nm and TEM-SAED pattern ensured crystallinity. A Zeta potential of −26 mV demonstrates moderate stability. The CuO NPs acted as a catalyst in the Biginelli reaction to produce 3,4-dihydropyrimidinones rapidly and at high yield. The NPs also degraded bromothymol blue (BTB) by photocatalysis with hydrogen peroxide. 100% dye removal efficiency was achieved by 3 h exposure of BTB to natural sunlight inferring it as economy, ecofriendly and effective catalyst. This finding illustrates that the NPs could be used in photolysis to remove water pollutants. Moreover, the biological significance of green synthesized CuO NPs was assessed by antibacterial activity against selected pathogenic bacterial organisms.

Presently a days people are more intrigued to express and offer their perspectives, feedback's, recommendations, and assessments about a specific point on the web. People and company rely more on online opinions about products and services for their decision making criterion-referenced tests, classification consistency and accuracy are viewed as important indicators for evaluating reliability and validity of classification results. Numerous attributes, procedures have been proposed in the framework of the unidimensional item response theory of estimate these indices. Some of these were based on total sum scores, others on latent trait estimates. However, there exist very few attempts to develop them in the framework of multidimensional item response theory. Based on previous studies, the aim of this study is first to estimate the consistency and accuracy indices of multidimensional ability estimates from a single administration of a criterion-referenced test.A noteworthy issue in distinguishing the multidimensional grouping is the high dimensional of the component extraction. The majority of these highlights are insignificant, repetitive, and loud, which influences the execution of the classifier. Along these lines, include extraction is a basic advance in the phony audit location to decrease the dimensional of the component space and to enhance precision. In this paper, double fake honey bee province (BABC) with KNN is proposed to take care of highlight extraction issue for assumption grouping. The exploratory outcomes exhibit that the proposed strategy chooses more enlightening highlights set contrasted with the aggressive strategies as it accomplishes higher characterization exactness 96.00%.

The g-C3N4/SnO2-Cu2O composite photocatalysts (PCs) were successfully synthesized via facile calcination and hydrothermal supported technique. Various analytical techniques including XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM with EDX mapping, HR-TEM, UV–Vis DRS, PL and EIS spectra were used to exhibit the effective construction of g-C3N4/SnO2-Cu2O composite PCs. The g-C3N4/SnO2-Cu2O heterostructure composite exposed superior visible-light photo-degradation performance of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) dye could be still reached 90.3% and 94.5% respectively. The upgrading of visible-light absorption, reduced the bandgap, promoting the charge separation ability and also strong-coupling heterostructured interface among g-C3N4 to SnO2-Cu2O, which were accountable for the development of the photocatalytic performance. The photo-degradation rate constant of g-C3N4/SnO2-Cu2O PCs was calculated to be 3.86 folds greater for MB (0.0282 min−1) and 4.68 folds greater for RhB dye (0.0328 min−1) compared to pristine g-C3N4, hence verifying its beneficial photocatalyst for cationic and also an anionic dyes removal. However, OH− and h+ are the predominant redox species accountable for the major impact of the MB aqueous dye photo-degradation process. This study delivers a facile and suitable way to make a visible-light active photocatalyst capable property for prospective practical application in environmental protection.

To construct rGO/SrTiO3 nanocomposite using a facile hydrothermal synthetic approach for enhanced photocatalytic application. In this study, the structural, morphological, elemental, surface compositional, optical properties, and photocatalytic activity of rGO/SrTiO3 nanocomposites were investigated. From the various analyses, the synthesized nanocomposites produce heterostructure formation between reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and SrTiO3. By the optical analysis, the results showed that prepared ESG 10 photocatalyst has efficient charge separation and migration with suppressed recombination probability of photogenic charge carriers. The photocatalytic reactivity of the synthesised photocatalysts was evaluated by methylene blue (MB) aqueous dye and 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) degradation under UV-Visible (UV-Vis.) light irradiation. Therefore, the ESG 10 photocatalyst exhibited a maximum removal efficiency of 91% and 81% over MB dye and 2-NP, respectively. In contrast to other samples, the introduction of rGO could suggestively enhance the photocatalytic activity by increasing the amount of rGO, and the degradation rate was also reduced after the optimal level of rGO. The radicals involved in the degradation process are investigated by scavenger experiments. The recycle experiment reveals that the ESG 10 photocatalyst does not show any major loss of activity after 4 consecutive runs. Meanwhile, the possible reaction mechanism and interface characteristics are also discussed.

A dual Z-scheme g-C3N4-Co3O4-V2O5 nanocomposite was synthesized through a simple wet impregnation technique. The phase purity and optical behavior of the synthesized samples were characterized by various analytical techniques. The morphology consequences indicated that Co3O4 nanorods and V2O5 nanoparticles were effectively embedded on the exterior of g-C3N4 nanosheets. The emission properties and energy band gap measurement of g-C3N4-Co3O4-V2O5 nanocomposite reveal suppression of e−-h+ recombination and the optical absorption are redshifted to the visible region. The photodegradation capability of the prepared samples was assessed against mixed organic dyes (methylene blue (MB) and methyl yellow (MY)) under visible light illumination. The g-C3N4-Co3O4-V2O5 nanocomposite established that the enhanced photocatalytic properties in the photodegradation of mixed dyes compared to bare and hybrid samples. The as-prepared g-C3N4-Co3O4-V2O5 nanocomposite shows the enhanced degradation efficiency for 93.8 and 93.2% over the MY and MB aqueous dyes under the visible light irradiation. Notably, the g-C3N4-Co3O4-V2O5 photocatalyst was recycled in four consecutive runs with no noticeable loss of catalytic performance. A synergistic dual Z-scheme g-C3N4-Co3O4-V2O5 photocatalyst could be constructed based on the energy band matching within g-C3N4, Co3O4 and V2O5 NPs.

In this work, the highly efficient novel gC3N4:MoS2:ZnO-Ag hybrid nanocomposite was successfully made by a simple hydrothermal technique. The structural, morphological, chemical composition, specific surface area and optical properties of as-prepared gC3N4:MoS2:ZnO-Ag hybrid nanocomposite was investigated by different characterization tools such as XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, HR-TEM with SAED pattern, high-resolution XPS, UV-Vis. DRS absorption, PL spectra, and BET analyses respectively. The photo-degradation efficiency of as-prepared gC3N4:MoS2:ZnO-Ag photocatalyst over aqueous MB dye degradation was evaluated under visible-light irradiation. The ternary gC3N4:MoS2:ZnO-Ag composite photocatalysts exhibit photocatalytic upgrading activity (95.29%), which is very high compared to other as-prepared samples. Also, the gC3N4:MoS2:ZnO-Ag hybrid photocatalysts showed excellent degradation activity and excellent cycling stability even after four successive recycles. Moreover, the higher photocatalytic performance of the gC3N4:MoS2:ZnO-Ag catalyst might be attributed to the increased visible-light absorption ability, lower bandgap values, and efficient charge separation also the migration properties respectively.

Now days, nanotechnology has emerged as an simple division of current science and untied novel epoch in the fields of material science and receiving the worldwide attention due to its ample applications. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted with considerable interest as a result of their extensive applicability in different research fields such as chemistry, energy, medicine, and catalysis. In the present investigation, we have described a cost effective and eco-friendly technique for the synthesized AgNPs was completed using the aqueous extract of Albizia saman leaf and silver nitrate (1 mM) as a reducing property and also used as a capping agent. AgNPs were characterized using the spectral studies via, UV, FT-IR, XRD, EDX, and HR-SEM analysis. AgNPs were found the size ranging from 30 to 60 nm. AgNPs were also analyzed by ELISA testing method. A silver nanoparticle at different concentrations was evaluated for its antibacterial effect, against various pathogens. The MIC value (minimum...

Plant-mediated synthesis of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) was carried out by a simple precipitation method using the aqueous extract of Diospyros montana. The leaf extract was used as a good capping and stabilizing agent and allowed the formation of stable nanoparticles. These Se-NPs were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), DLS, zeta potential measurement and elemental analysis by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The FT-IR spectrum confirms the presence of various functional groups in the aqueous leaf extract of Diospyros montana, which may possibly influence the reduction process of the nanoparticles. The XRD data confirmed the formation of crystalline Se-NPs. TEM and DLS analysis determined that the size of the Se-NPs ranges from 4 to 16 nm. The zeta potential obtained was −22.3 mV. The DPPH and the reducing power activity showed the potential antioxidant property of the biosynthesized Se-NPs. The nanoparticle suspension exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against microorganisms such as Gram (+) Staphylococcus aureus, Gram (−) Escherichia coli (bacteria) and Aspergillus niger (fungi). The cytotoxicity of Se-NPs was assayed against human breast-cancer cells (MCF-7). An anticancer property was found in that Se-NPs were able to inhibit the cell growth in a dose-dependent manner.

Recently, green synthesized nanoparticles have been appearing as a most effective activity in antibacterial and anticancer studies probably because of their faster synthesis rate, remarkable biocompatibility and non-toxicity to healthy cells. In the present study, temperature-dependent eco-friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Sechium edule leaf extract was performed, characterized by spectroscopic techniques, and electron microscopy studies confirm that 400 °C was favorable for the formation of ZnO NPs. The optical absorption spectra (UV–visible spectroscopy) of ZnO NPs appeared as an intense band at 362 nm and transmission electron microscopy results revealed that the spherical-shaped nanoparticles average range was found to be 36.2 nm and the zeta potential was −19.5 mV. Furthermore, compared with chemically synthesized ZnO NPs, the biosynthesized ZnO NPs were significant owing to their photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of reactive blue 160, and they also showed significant cytotoxicity to MCF-7 breast cancer cells (IC50 ~3.5 µg/mL). Finally, biosynthesized ZnO NPs can be used as prospective antibacterial agents on Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Thus, biosynthesized ZnO NPs could potentially be used as an excellent therapeutic agent in the medical field.

Biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles is a raising research area because of their vital role in nanomedicines. In the present work, we have synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the ...

The present work established the synthesis of novel azo incorporated heterocyclic bioactive compounds (4a-4d) via diazo-coupling reaction between the 2-amino benzothiazole and various synthetic phenolic antioxidant molecules like BHA, phloroglucinal, 2,4-di‑tert-butylphenol and 2,6-di‑tert-butylphenol. The structure of newly synthesized azo compounds was confirmed by various spectroscopic techniques such as UV–Vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and LC-(ESI)MS while a single crystal X-ray structural analysis of the azo compound (4a) was carried out. Biological efficiency of novel azo compounds was evaluated by antioxidant activities like DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power activity which exhibits the azo compounds 4a and 4b possess potent antioxidant ability. The significant antibacterial activity also exposed by all newly synthesized azo compounds against human pathogenic organisms and often the remarkable activity also observed by 4a and 4b in all bacterial strain. In silico molecular docking study demonstrates the azo fused compounds owing several crucial interactions with EGFR protein. Moreover in vitro anticancer and toxicity of selected azo compounds were assessed by MTT cytotoxicity assay against lung cancer cell line (A549) and normal skin cell line (L929).

Since ancient time, plants serve as a treasure of effective drugs for cancer therapy. In the present study, phytoconstituents and antioxidant activity of Cordia sebestena (C. sebestena) flower in various solvent extracts (hexane, chloroform, acetone, methanol, water) were explored for its biological importance. The total content of phytoconstituents such as phenolic, flavonoid, tannin and nutrient content like carbohydrate, protein are notably observed in acetone extract. Acetone extract has revealed the potent antioxidant property against various free radicals and has good reducing power activity. The biological efficiency of extracts was also evaluated by antibacterial activity against selected human pathogens. The antioxidant effective acetone extract exhibits significant cytotoxic effect on cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). The bioactive compound-hesperetin a flavonoid was isolated from the acetone extract and structure was elucidated by various spectroscopic techniques. Isolated hesperetin compound revealed significantly cytotoxicity for HeLa cell line and its anticancer ability was revalidated by in silico molecular docking study, which exhibited strong interaction with E6 protein of HPV16 cervical carcinoma with significant binding energy.

Data Mining (DM) technique is able to process the high volume of data. The data mining applications contain dataset with high dimensionality. Due to this high dimensionality, the performance of the machine learning algorithms get degraded and this problem is resolved using a technique called Dimensionality Reduction (DR). DR is an essential preprocessing technique in DM to reduce the high dimensionality. Feature Extraction is one of the important techniques in DR to extract the most important features. The goal of this survey is to provide a comprehensive review of various feature extraction approaches to improve the classification accuracy. This paper gives an over view of various feature extraction techniques which are used to the budding researchers.

The classification accuracy states the efficiency of the classification algorithm in high dimensional classification problems. To improve the accuracy of classification, many algorithms have been proposed earlier, but they suffer from poor classification accuracy and more false classification ratio. To overcome this issue, a multi attribute depthness similarity estimation technique to classify the data points towards the number of classes has been proposed in this paper. The proposed method takes the dataset and data points grouped by using labels. This method performs preprocessing by removing the noisy data points. It identifies distinct attributes of each class which has more importance among the data points. Based on identified attribute sets, this method computes multi attribute depthness similarity for each of the data points towards each class. The class which has more depthness value will be assigned as a class to the input data point. The classification accuracy is high compared to other algorithms by employing the Pertinent Dimension Detection and classification algorithm.

The jet propulsion system, either for subsonic or supersonic flow, the nozzle design is a critical area of choice where its overall performance gets an adverse change. In the trending technologies, configuring any nozzle, their challenges associated with the design increases accordingly to the cruise speed of the aircraft. The latter clamshell ejector nozzle design work came up with solution for the most problems but still had its own cons of creating recirculation zone in the inner surface of the clamshells. The former world which are in next stage to design an economically conditioned nozzle system itself invents challenges in area such as jet noise suppression, exit temperature, material selection, variable throat area and exit area. The present work summarized here excelled for the most cons encountered in the latter designs. The experimental investigation and the computational studies resulted that the introduction of C-D nozzle with by-pass system had a great exposure in increasing the Mach while in cruise. The air by-pass system in the exit area supplies the atmospheric air and also acts as a cooling system for the nozzle. It was observed that the temperature curve in the exit area was found low.

Nature has been a basis of medicinal agents for thousands of years, and an imposing number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources that claim traditional medicinal practice. Albizia saman (F: Fabaceae) is reported to possess multiple medicinal effects. The aim of the present work has been framed with a synergistic goal to explore its antioxidant property through numerous in vitro biochemical assays, estimations and separate to bioactive constituents accountable for its pharmacological properties of Albizia saman seed extracts. Different solvent extracts (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol) were assessed for the total content of phenol, flavonoid, carbohydrate and protein, in vitro antioxidant assays viz. DPPH, superoxide, hydroxyl radical scavenging assays and ferric reducing power activity. Numerous useful constituents were also identified tentatively using GC-MS analysis. Structural elucidation of the isolated compound was done by spectral techniques such as UV, IR, EI-MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. The results of the present investigation have pictured its antioxidant property through its phenolic, flavonoid contents and free-radical scavenging assays. Methylated Rhein was exhibited higher antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis (13 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (10 mm), Klebsiella pneumonia (15 mm), Escherichia coli (10 mm), Candida albicans (14 mm) and Alternaria species (15 mm) at the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) 40 µg/mL values. This study terminated that the extracts and isolated compounds had strong antioxidant and moderate antimicrobial activities and could be efficient in the management of oxidative stress related diseases. Practical Applications Albizia saman is a very important medicinal plant, it is used in various ayurvedic preparations. The seed extracts containes the phytoconstituents like flavonoid, phenol, carbohydrate, steroids, terpinoids, proteins, fat and oils. The bioassay-guided fractionation on the seed extracts of Albizia saman has good pharmacological properties, and the interest in the biological activity of the isolated compound shows that it can be used as a chemotherapeutic agent.