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22 results on '"N. E. Allen"'

1. The advantages of UK Biobank's open-access strategy for health research

Author

M, Conroy, J, Sellors, M, Effingham, T J, Littlejohns, C, Boultwood, L, Gillions, C L M, Sudlow, R, Collins, and N E, Allen

Subjects
Adult, Male, Biomedical Research, International Cooperation, public health, Reviews, Review, Middle Aged, United Kingdom, Access to Information, Humans, Female, epidemiology, Prospective Studies, science, Aged, Biological Specimen Banks
Abstract

Ready access to health research studies is becoming more important as researchers, and their funders, seek to maximize the opportunities for scientific innovation and health improvements. Large‐scale population‐based prospective studies are particularly useful for multidisciplinary research into the causes, treatment and prevention of many different diseases. UK Biobank has been established as an open‐access resource for public health research, with the intention of making the data as widely available as possible in an equitable and transparent manner. Access to UK Biobank's unique breadth of phenotypic and genetic data has attracted researchers worldwide from across academia and industry. As a consequence, it has enabled scientists to perform world‐leading collaborative research. Moreover, open access to an already deeply characterized cohort has encouraged both public and private sector investment in further enhancements to make UK Biobank an unparalleled resource for public health research and an exemplar for the development of open‐access approaches for other studies.

Published
2019

2. Fluid intake and incidence of renal cell carcinoma in UK women

Author

N E, Allen, A, Balkwill, V, Beral, J, Green, G, Reeves, and Stephen, Williams

Subjects
Million Women Study, Adult, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, renal cell carcinoma, Alcohol Drinking, alcoholic beverages, Epidemiology, Drinking, Gastroenterology, Coffee, Diet Surveys, Beverages, Cohort Studies, Renal cell carcinoma, Internal medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Carcinoma, Confidence Intervals, Odds Ratio, Humans, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Carcinoma, Renal Cell, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, fluid, Tea, business.industry, Incidence, Water, Feeding Behavior, Middle Aged, prospective, medicine.disease, Kidney Neoplasms, United Kingdom, Surgery, Oncology, Relative risk, Multivariate Analysis, Female, business, Body mass index, Kidney cancer, Kidney disease
Abstract

Background:It has been suggested that the apparent protective effect of alcohol intake on renal cell carcinoma may be due to the diluting effect of carcinogens by a high total fluid intake. We assessed the association between intakes of total fluids and of specific beverages on the risk of renal cell carcinoma in a large prospective cohort of UK women.Methods:Information on beverage consumption was obtained from a questionnaire sent 3 years after recruitment into the Million Women Study. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for renal cell carcinoma associated with beverage consumption adjusted for age, region of residence, socioeconomic status, smoking, and body mass index.Results:After an average of 5.2 years of follow-up, 588 cases of renal cell carcinoma were identified among 779 369 women. While alcohol intake was associated with a reduced risk of renal cell carcinoma (RR for 2 vs 1 drink per day: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.61-0.96; P for trend0.02), there was no association with total fluid intake (RR for 12 vs 7 drinks per day: 1.15; 95% CI: 0.91-1.45; P for trend0.3) or with intakes of specific beverages.Conclusions:The apparent protective effect of alcohol on the risk of renal cell carcinoma is unlikely to be related to a high fluid intake. © 2011 Cancer Research UK All rights reserved.

Published
2016
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3. Primary brain tumours and specific serum immunoglobulin E: a case-control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort

Author

B, Schlehofer, B, Siegmund, J, Linseisen, J, Schüz, S, Rohrmann, S, Becker, D, Michaud, B, Melin, H, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, P H M, Peeters, P, Vineis, A, Tjonneland, A, Olsen, K, Overvad, I, Romieu, H, Boeing, K, Aleksandrova, A, Trichopoulou, C, Bamia, P, Lagiou, C, Sacerdote, D, Palli, S, Panico, S, Sieri, R, Tumino, M-J, Sanchez, L, Rodriguez, M, Dorronsoro, E J, Duell, M-D, Chirlaque, A, Barricarte, S, Borgquist, J, Manjer, V, Gallo, N E, Allen, T J, Key, E, Riboli, R, Kaaks, J, Wahrendorf, University of Zurich, and Schlehofer, B

Subjects
Adult, Hypersensitivity, Immediate, Male, 2403 Immunology, Brain Neoplasms, 610 Medicine & health, Glioma, 10060 Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), Allergens, Immunoglobulin E, Middle Aged, Europe, Risk Factors, Case-Control Studies, 2723 Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Female, Prospective Studies, allergens, brain tumours, epidemiology, immunoglobulin E, immunologic tests, ddc:610, Meningioma, Neurilemmoma, Aged
Abstract

To cite this article: Schlehofer B, Siegmund B, Linseisen J, Schüz J, Rohrmann S, Becker S, Michaud D, Melin B, Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita H, Peeters PHM, Vineis P, Tjonneland A, Olsen A, Overvad K, Romieu I, Boeing H, Aleksandrova K, Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Lagiou P, Sacerdote C, Palli D, Panico S, Sieri S, Tumino R, Sanchez M-J, Rodriguez L, Dorronsoro M, Duell EJ, Chirlaque M-D, Barricarte A, Borgquist S, Manjer J, Gallo V, Allen NE, Key TJ, Riboli E, Kaaks R, Wahrendorf J. Primary brain tumours and specific serum immunoglobulin E: a case-control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Allergy 2011; DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02670.x. ABSTRACT: Background: Case-control studies suggest that patients with allergic diseases have a lower risk of developing glioma but not meningioma or schwannoma. However, those data can be differentially biased. Prospective studies with objective measurements of immunologic biomarkers, like immunoglobulin E (IgE), in blood obtained before cancer diagnosis could help to clarify whether an aetiological association exists. Methods: The present case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) measured specific serum IgE as a biomarker for the most common inhalant allergens in 275 glioma, 175 meningioma and 49 schwannoma cases and 963 matched controls using the ImmunoCAP specific IgE test. Subjects with an IgE level ≥0.35 kUA/l (kilo antibody units per litre) were classified as sensitized by allergens. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by adjusted conditional logistic regression models for each tumour subtype. The effect of dose-response relationship was assessed in five increasing IgE level categories to estimate P-values for trend. Results: The risk of glioma was inversely related to allergic sensitization (OR = 0.73; 95% CI 0.51-1.06), especially pronounced in women (OR = 0.53; 95% CI 0.30-0.95). In dose-response analyses, for high-grade glioma, the lowest OR was observed in sera with the highest IgE levels (P for trend = 0.04). No association was seen for meningioma and schwannoma. Conclusion: The results, based on serum samples prospectively collected in a cohort study, provide some support for the hypothesis that individuals with allergic sensitization are at reduced risk of glioma and confirm results from previous case-control studies.

Published
2011
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4. Multi-factor dimensionality reduction applied to a large prospective investigation on gene-gene and gene-environment interactions

Author

Manuguerra, M. Matullo, G. Veglia, F. Autrup, H. and Dunning, A. M. Garte, S. Gormally, E. Malaveille, C. and Guarrera, S. Polidoro, S. Saletta, F. Peluso, M. and Airoldi, L. Overvad, K. Raaschou-Nielsen, O. and Clavel-Chapelon, F. Linseisen, J. Boeing, H. Trichopoulos, D. Kalandidi, A. Palli, D. Krogh, V. Tumino, R. and Panico, S. Bueno-De-Mesquita, H. B. Peeters, P. H. Lund, E. and Pera, G. Martinez, C. Amiano, P. Barricarte, A. and Tormo, M. J. Quiros, J. R. Berglund, G. Janzon, L. and Jarvholm, B. Day, N. E. Allen, N. E. Saracci, R. Kaaks, R. Ferrari, P. Riboli, E. Vineis, P.

Abstract

It is becoming increasingly evident that single-locus effects cannot explain complex multifactorial human diseases like cancer. We applied the multi-factor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method to a large cohort study on gene-environment and gene-gene interactions. The study (case-control nested in the EPIC cohort) was established to investigate molecular changes and genetic susceptibility in relation to air pollution and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in non-smokers. We have analyzed 757 controls and 409 cases with bladder cancer (n = 124), lung cancer (n = 116) and myeloid leukemia (n = 169). Thirty-six gene variants (DNA repair and metabolic genes) and three environmental exposure variables (measures of air pollution and ETS at home and at work) were analyzed. Interactions were assessed by prediction error percentage and cross-validation consistency (CVC) frequency. For lung cancer, the best model was given by a significant gene-environment association between the base excision repair (BER) XRCC1-Arg399Gln polymorphism, the double-strand break repair (DSBR) BRCA2-Asn372His polymorphism and the exposure variable ‘distance from heavy traffic road’, an indirect and robust indicator of air pollution (mean prediction error of 26%, P < 0.001, mean CVC of 6.60, P = 0.02). For bladder cancer, we found a significant 4-loci association between the BER APE1-Asp148Glu polymorphism, the DSBR RAD52-3’-untranslated region (3’-UTR) polymorphism and the metabolic gene polymorphisms COMT-Val158Met and MTHFR-677C > T (mean prediction error of 22%, P < 0.001, mean CVC consistency of 7.40, P < 0.037). For leukemia, a 3-loci model including RAD52-2259C > T, MnSOD-Ala9Val and CYP1A1-Ile462Val had a minimum prediction error of 31% (P < 0.001) and a maximum CVC of 4.40 (P = 0.086). The MDR method seems promising, because it provides a limited number of statistically stable interactions; however, the biological interpretation remains to be understood.

Published
2007

5. The effect of diet on serum insulin-like growth-factor-I and its main binding proteins

Author

N E, Allen, P N, Appleby, G K, Davey, T J, Key, S, Rinaldi, and R, Kaaks

Subjects
Adult, Male, Diet, Vegetarian, Middle Aged, Diet, Cohort Studies, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 1, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 2, Cross-Sectional Studies, Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3, Humans, Female, Dietary Proteins, Prospective Studies, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Energy Metabolism
Published
2002

6. Hormones and breast cancer

Author

T J, Key and N E, Allen

Subjects
Estradiol, Breast Neoplasms, Body Mass Index, Prolactin, Risk Factors, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Androgens, Humans, Women's Health, Female, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Menopause, Cell Division, Progesterone
Published
2002

7. Society for Social Medicine and the International Epidemiological Association European Group. Abstracts of oral presentations

Author

S. L. Thomas, J. A. G. Whitworth., J. Brazier, N. T. Fear, A. McLeod, J. Rosenbauer, L. Lennon, J. M. M. Evans, P. N. Appleby, S. Cliffe, B. Tobiasz-Adamczyk, J. A. Gilg, K. Macintyre, A. Morgan, U. Nath, A. Brennan, D. Bhakta, P. M. Sturdy, P. Silcocks, C. R. West, J. Rankin, S. Adamek, M. Cahill, A. Leiva, G. Surman, A. J. Boyd, J. L. Townsend, D. Linos, C. G. Owen, M. Campbell, R. Lall, A. Memon, H. Twomey, W. C. S. Smith, I. D. S. Silva, K. M. Laurence, D. J. Burn, M Clarke, K. G. M. M Alberti, S. Y. Ho, M. McKee, M. Brett, R. Pill, F.C. Lampe, A. Whelan, J. L. Donovan, C. Gillis, R. Clarke, S. Moebus, P. Tynelius, C. Macleod, R. Knibb, J. Saunders, I.J. Perry, L. Watson, I. Pell, H. R. Anderson, S.E. Humphries, D. Fouskakis, M. Kulig, A. S. Poobalan, S. Pattenden, C. Donovan, P. Bundred, T. Fahey, Redpath, R. Small, C. Ronsmans, L. J. Vatten, H. Graham, D. Marks, Y. B. Shlomo, E. McIntosh, N. Winer, M. Cork, G. Costa, P. Herzig, Z. J. Brzezinski, A. Suokas, F. Dobbie, D. A. Cromwell, E. Banks, D. Fone, D. G. Cook, A. Barton, A. McCulloch, L. Li, A. Ludbrook, K. T. Khaw, M. Cosson, A. Ego, S.-L. Hove, D. Davies, J. Munro, S. E. Bromley, E. Lyamuya, J-M Robine, D. Stanistreet, C. Borrell, T. J . Key, D. E. Neal, K. Rees, M. Abdelnoor, M. Goldacre, J. Seckl, M. Langer, P. H. Whincup, M. May, S. Morton, J. E. J. Gallacher, J. Gilg, J. Donovan, G. Giani, M. Reilly, E. Brunner, M. Rahu, C. Belfield, J. Mazur, J. Harding, R. J. Lancashire, D. Florin, D. Dedman, M. Cardano, A. Doring, T. J. Peters, D. Canoy, E. Sherratt, P. Moffatt, W. Anderson, F. Birrell, A. Finlayson, N. J. Spencer, N. Lehmann, M. S. Gilthorpe, G. T. Jones, C. Pope, T. Schofield, H. Hemingway, G. J. Macfarlane, A. Linos, R. Campbell, G. D. Angelini, P. Rose, B. Armstrong, I. Matthews, R.W. Morris, J. Mackay, M. J. Campbell, M. Mugford, F. Sampson, S. Welch, T. Spadea, F. Legoueff, R. Gupta, J. Sundquist, R. R. Jeffrey, Z. H. Krukowksi, R. D. T. Farmer, J. Dowie, L. Cook, E. Falaschetti, J. Gallacher, A. Coulter, D. Braunholtz, R. Smith, A. J. Hall, A. Papadopoulos, C. L. Hart, L. Thorpe, K. Kivela, J. White, J. A. Rottingen, D. Shickle, C. R. Victor, H. Winter, L. Maina, H. Rawson, M. O'Reilly, D. R. Altmann, P. Martikainen, B. K. Butland, M. Osler, A. O'Cathain, N. R. Poulter, G. Macfarlane, H. Kitundu, E. Johnstone, S. V. Glinianaia, C. B. J. Woodman, S. Brown, V. Ajdacic-Gross, A. Bailey, K Porter, K. L. Woods, N. Calvert, H. Brown, N. Kr. Rasmussen, L. Jones, R. Araya, P. Patel, R. Walton, N. Maconochie, J. Acuna, D. Mant, N. E. Allen, M. F. Peeters, A. Silman, M. Cartman, S. Goodacre, T. Tuominen, J.I. Elstad, M. Guillemin, D. Subtil, D. Creagh, P. Smith, E. Watson, N. Lester, G. S. Tell, S. Wild, D. A. Griffiths, P. Yudkin, M. Kumari, N. Moss, A. D. Morris, M. Gissler, M. Gronbak, C. Read, I. M. Harvey, M. C. Watson, M. Khlat, S. Darby, A. J. McMichael, F. Dunstan, G. Higgs, P. Armaroli, C. M. Wright, J. Grimshaw, V. Bhavnani, S. J. Armstrong, R. Andrew, H. Smith, N. Middleton, D. A. Leon, K. H. Mak, D. Bick, J. E. Mueller, H. Straatman, T. Key, H. Lowel, D. Yeates, J. I. Hawker, W. A. Markham, R. Hooper, H. Hutchings, D. Morrison, R. F. Harvey, P. Mangtani, P. Hawe, T. H. Lam, K. Szafraniec, C. Wilman, C. M. Wong, J. Biddulph, S. Binting, D. Cook, E. Roman, D. Forman, J. Rahi, M. Rimpela, L. J. Murray, R. Tuimala, K. Nanchahal, V. Seagroatt, J. G. Wheeler, G. P. Garnett, J. Bruce, K. Paine, A. Johansen, A. G. Thomson, G. Harrison, M. Quigley, J. Gunn, J. Thoburn, L. Sharp, J. Nagano, N. E. Haites, M. Crilly, J. Hallqvist, P. Tookey, A. Nieto, Z. A. K Walker, G. Erikssen, R. Ascione, A. Jahn, J. J. V. McMurray, A. Clements, C Jagger, M. M. Rovers, J. F. P. Schellekens, Z. Hurst, J. M. Borras, A. Fuller, D. Pope, M. Somerville, P. Mowinckel, A. Daly, J. Mindell, H. Newdick, H. C. Boshuizen, A. Crampin, P. Fryers, N. Noah, D. Ogilvie, E. Breeze, J. Bell, L. S. Young, A. Suresh, L. Oakley, J. Erikssen, G. Wannamethee, H. Neil, A. J. Lees, E. Riza, F. Hamers, S. Marshall, J. Hughes, H. Macpherson, J. Robinson, C. Foy, E. Dolan, A. Levcovich, I. Barnes, C. McGrother, S. E. Johansson, K. Thomas, P. Veerus, J. P. Pell, A. Clarke, R. Suckling, H. Tunstall-Pedoe, F. Rasmussen, R. G. Thomson, A. J. Hedley, M. L. Burr, M. Roman, S. Karvonen, J. W. Den Boer, D. A. Lawlor, J. McCarthy, V. Beral, G. K. Davey, M. Quinn, R. C. Wilson, D. Lamont, J. Little, E. Dahl, P. Yudkkin, M. A. Yngwe, T. Q. Thach, H. Pikhart, D. Batty, O. Razum, P. M. Ueland, H. Kuper, W. A. Chambers, N. Norris, S.E. Oliver, S. N. Willich, R. Lilford, R. A. Odegard, A. Schiaffino, A. Fletcher, M. Joffe, N. W. Wood, R. Davies, G. A. Zielhuis, D. Chase, D. Eich, S. Taylor, S. Mayor, T. M. Kauppinen, J. Muller-Nordhorn, P. Elwood, M. C. Gulliford, F. Diderichsen, C. Macarthur, S.N.I. Loningsigh, B. Nikiforov, J. Williams, C. Whyman, M. Egger, K. AL-Saleh, M. Ely, S. A. Stansfeld, M. Senior, R. R. West, N. C. Nevin, A. Macfarlane, S. E. Neppelenbroek, K. Odoki, R. F. A. Logan, P. Chau, C. Scherf, T. Brammah, M. Ruiz, O. Basso, H. Gee, A. Kamali, G. Liratsopulos, D Gunnell, M. A. E. C.-V. Spaendonck, R. Haward, G. T. H. Ellison, J. G. Evans, G. Reeves, P. Belderson, A. Dennehy, A. H. Leyland, B. Alden, R. A. Lyons, S. Nielson, G. Williams, P. Richmond, O. Rahkonen, H. Refsum, I. Markaki, J. Watkins, D. Leon, R. Travis, D. Wonderling, H. R. Morris, S. Griffiths, B. P. Dineen, T. Walley, R. Rose, D. Querleu, O. Manor, G. J. Johnson, D. Wood, S. Prior, P. Pharoah, E. M. I. Williams, G. Steiner, J. W. G. Yarnell, M. C. Thomas, V. McCormack, F. C. Taylor, M. Urwin, A. McDonagh, A. Nicoll, J. P. Connaghan, M. Garcia, P. Ansell, J. Olsen, R. R. Bourne, J. Emberson, J. A. Lane, M. E. Black, M. Hakama, I. Blair, D. W. Cramer, B. Jefferis, I. Bowns, J. M. Bland, F. C. Hamdy, E. Prescott, S. Frankel, P. M. King, S. Stansfeld, L. Sandvik, C. Wright, P. Redgrave, N. Drury, K. Wishart, H. Daniels, E. A. Spencer, R. Sainsbury, R. Reading, N. J. D. Nagelkerke, K. Abrams, S. Roberts, J. M. Grimshaw, A. McCarthy, W. Y. Cheung, G. Feder, S. T. Nilsen, E. Salto, M. McCarthy, P. Zagozdzon, C. Salmond, G. Rojas, T. Allison, G. Engholm, H. Lambert, G. D. Smith, Matthews, J. Carlisle, R. Turner, R. Boaden, J. Yarnell, A. Chapple, L. Kurina, C. E. D. Chilvers, F. Rasul, L. Sevak, N. J. Wareham, N. Spencer, I. Shoham-Vardi, D. Beyleveld, L. Brindle, P. Bhandari, C. I. F. Rooney, A. Love, R. White, H. L. Bradlow, D. Biggerstaff, R. Gnavi, S. Jackson, A. A. Montgomery, G. Walraven, M. Rush, L. Titus-Ernstoff, A. Maddocks, J. W. T. Chalmers, D. Crabbe, S. Shepperd, J. Stefoski-Mikeljevic, B. D. E. Stavola, M. Petticrew, L. Moore, P. J. Babb, V. Houfflin-Debarge, T. Valkonen, M. Walker, K. Ntalles, R. Lancashire, G. J. Miller, M. Tobias, H. Dallosso, J. A. C. Sterne, P. Kintu, J. I. Mann, M. Morgan, V. Shkolnikov, O. C. Ukoumunne, M. Lundberg, T. Chandola, J. Lumley, A. E. Raffle, H. Thomson, P. Doyle, S. Ebrahim, G. Green, E. Nurk, K. Hey, E. Roos, M. Fitter, A. Shiell, P. Aveyard, J. Birks, A. Kudzala, M. Darif, E. Mierzejewska, S. M. Ali, M. Page, S. Ziebland, A. McPherson, R. Thomas, M. Tiefenthaler, L. Carpenter, H. Deo, O. Nygard, J. Stieber, D. P. M. Symmons, C. Power, P. Sherliker, E. Whitley, M. Collins, D. J. O'Halloran, Z. Uren, C. Jenkinson, A. W. Craft, J. Kengeya-Kayondo, C. Henderson, F. Vannoni, W. Brown, P. Pound, O. Lundberg, S. Checkley, W. Rossler, A. H. Harding, S. Gillam, J. Raftery, U. B. Fallon, G. Schofield, H. Prosser, D. Stockton, L. Shepstone, M. Demaria, D. Symmons, L. Parker, I. Harvey, M. Juneja, W. L. Wrieden, J. Austoker, N. Brockton, M. Pakkanen, A. B. Gilmore, B. Thorand, D. Weitzman, A. Thomson, S. Gallivan, L. Wright, M. Bobak, B. Purcell, G. M. Leung, P. Due, M. Grimsley, P. O. Olausson, K. K Cheng, S. Quine, A. Redpath, W. Ahrens, T. J. Williams, H. M. Fielder, V. S. Raleigh, P. O. D. Pharoah, J. A. Van Vliet, R. Chen, S. Neilson, J. Mollison, R. Pearce, S. Wallace, I. Hunt, J. Logie, B. Walker, A. R. Ness, O. Papacosta, J. Pickering, S. Bewley, M. Phillips, G. Lewis, K. Bromen, C. Sauvaget, R Hinchion, B L De Stavola, M. Upton, A. Lucassen, M. J. Goldacre, R. Austgulen, K. Marinko, N. Richards, C. Wolfe, A.G. Shaper, P. C. Elwood, R. E Fritsch, B. Olowokure, S. Bruster, A. C. Papageorgiou, M. Malmstrom, M. Murphy, S. Murphy, M. Ramsay, C. S. de Vries, A. Majeed, E. Morris, M. Brandon, P. Corcoran, A. Johnson, T. I. L. Nilsen, D. W. Sepkovic, A. J. Silman, M. O'Brien, K. H. Jockel, S. Collins, R. J. Lilford, P. Crampton, M. Bopp, D. Dorling, L. Zaborski, B. L. Harlow, A. Berrington, C. Johnston, L. Morison, S. R. Palmer, P. Primatesta, A. Vikat, K. Cooper, E. Lahelma, H. Pohlabeln, M. Marmot, A. Bullock, M. Shipley, E. Hemminki, K. Christensen, E. Nolte, H. Voller, S. Kinra, S. Mazloomzadeh, E. McNeilly, J. E. C. Sedgwick, M. Basham, P. McCarron, J. Cassidy, R. Miller, K. Macrae, E. Fernandez, S. J. Walter, J. Nicholl, R. Scholz, P. Whincup, J. Kinsman, S. Stewart, S. E. Vollset, K-H. Jockel, M. Roxby, J. Sheehan, S. Jones, K. D. Watson, A. N. Andersen, A. Herxheimer, J. Critchley, D. Bull, H. Knowles, R. Warren, D. R. Boniface, L. T. Lennon, I. Shemilt, A. Kennedy, I. Jahn, R. Villegas, A. Stang, D. M. N. Huq, P. Roderick, C. Bukach, S. C. Cotton, R. Lawrenson, M. Thorogood, F. Faggiano, N. Britten, S. Capewell, I. Lissau, M. Donaldson, C. M. Bond, Y. Ben-Shlomo, M. Barter, M. Moher, M. Waterstone, R. Doll, A. J. Pearce, M. Utley, and F. Gutzwiller

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Abstracts, Epidemiology, Social medicine, business.industry, Family medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine, Alternative medicine, Association (psychology), business
Published
2001

8. Knockout of the two ldh genes has a major impact on peptidoglycan precursor synthesis in Lactobacillus plantarum

Author

J Richardson, J N Hobbs, N E Allen, T. Ferain, Nathalie Bernard, Pascal Hols, Jean Delcour, Dominique Garmyn, and UCL - SC/BIOL - Département de biologie

Subjects
medicine.drug_class, Dehydrogenase, Peptidoglycan, Glycopeptide antibiotic, Microbiology, Mass Spectrometry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Vancomycin, medicine, Lactic Acid, Molecular Biology, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, L-Lactate Dehydrogenase, Mutagenesis, Glycopeptides, Drug Resistance, Microbial, biology.organism_classification, Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic Acid, Lactic acid, Anti-Bacterial Agents, carbohydrates (lipids), Lactobacillus, Enzyme, chemistry, Biochemistry, Genes, Bacterial, Teicoplanin, Lactobacillus plantarum, Bacteria, Research Article
Abstract

Most bacteria synthesize muramyl-pentapeptide peptidoglycan precursors ending with a D-alanyl residue (e.g., UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-L-Ala-gamma-D-Glu-L-Lys-D-Ala-D-Ala). However, it was recently demonstrated that other types of precursors, notably D-lactate-ending molecules, could be synthesized by several lactic acid bacteria. This particular feature leads to vancomycin resistance. Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that blocks cell wall synthesis by the formation of a complex with the extremity of peptidoglycan precursors. Substitution of the terminal D-alanine by D-lactate reduces the affinity of the antibiotic for its target. Lactobacillus plantarum is a lactic acid bacterium naturally resistant to vancomycin. It converts most of the glycolytic pyruvate to L- and D-lactate by using stereospecific enzymes designated L- and D-lactate dehydrogenases, respectively. In the present study, we show that L. plantarum actually synthesizes D-lactate-ending peptidoglycan precursors. We also report the construction of a strain which is deficient for both D- and L-lactate dehydrogenase activities and which produces only trace amounts of D- and L-lactate. As a consequence, the peptidoglycan synthesis pathway is drastically affected. The wild-type precursor is still present, but a new type of D-alanine-ending precursor is also synthesized in large quantities, which results in a highly enhanced sensitivity to vancomycin.

Published
1996

10. Biosynthesis of modified peptidoglycan precursors by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium

Author

N E, Allen, J N, Hobbs, J M, Richardson, and R M, Riggin

Subjects
Vancomycin, Enterococcus faecium, Molecular Sequence Data, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Amino Acid Sequence, Peptidoglycan, Protein Precursors, Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylmuramic Acid
Abstract

In the presence of bacitracin, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (vanA phenotype) accumulate UDP-N-acetylmuramyl(UDP-Mur-NAc)-tetrapeptide and a UDP-MurNAc-depsipentapeptide containing lactate substituted for the carboxy-terminal-D-alanine residue. In an in vitro peptidoglycan polymerization assay, the modified precursors function and confer resistance to vancomycin.

Published
1992

11. Inhibition of peptidoglycan biosynthesis in Bacillus megaterium by daptomycin

Author

D, Mengin-Lecreulx, N E, Allen, J N, Hobbs, and J, van Heijenoort

Subjects
Daptomycin, Bacillus megaterium, Peptidoglycan, Peptides, Acetylglucosamine, Anti-Bacterial Agents
Abstract

The effects of daptomycin on exponential phase cells of Bacillus megaterium were investigated. Bacteriostasis was observed for concentrations between 1 and 3 micrograms/ml and maximal rate of cell lysis at 10 micrograms/ml. At sublytic concentrations (1.5-3 micrograms/ml), the variations of the pools of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine and UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-pentapeptide, as well as the incorporation of (14C)-N-acetylglucosamine into peptidoglycan were studied. From the results it was concluded that the lethal target of daptomycin could be a metabolic step between glucosamine 6-phosphate and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine.

Published
1990

12. De ziekte van Parkinson: een onderzoek naar de inspanningstolerantie, de ademhaling en de voortbeweging

Author

J. A. Alison, C. G. Canning, N. E. Allen, and H. Groeller

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, Medicine public health, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Art, Humanities, media_common
Abstract

Het doel van dit onderzoek was het evalueren van de inspanningstolerantie van personen met een milde tot matig–ernstige vorm van de ziekte van Parkinson, en het onderzoeken van de mate waarin afwijkingen in de ademhaling en in de voortbeweging de inspanningstolerantie bij deze patienten beinvloedt.

Published
1998
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13. Relationship of alcohol intake and sex steroid concentrations in blood in pre- and post-menopausal women: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.

Author

S. Rinaldi, P. H. M. Peeters, I. D. Bezemer, L. Dossus, C. Biessy, C. Sacerdote, F. Berrino, S. Panico, D. Palli, R. Tumino, K. T. Khaw, S. Bingham, N. E. Allen, T. Key, M. K. Jensen, K. Overvad, A. Olsen, A. Tjonneland, P. Amiano, and E. Ardanaz

Abstract

Abstract

Objective  Women with a moderate intake of alcohol have higher concentrations of sex steroids in serum, and higher risk of developing breast cancer, compared to non-drinkers. In the present study, we investigate the relationships between alcohol consumption and serum levels of sex steroids and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in 790 pre- and 1,291 post-menopausal women, who were part of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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14. Target Analysis of Mitochondrial Genetic Units in Yeast

Author

N. E. Allen and Anthony M. MacQuillan

Subjects
Genetics, Microbial, Genetics, Ultraviolet Rays, Mutant, Extrachromosomal Inheritance, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Target analysis, Mitochondrion, Biology, Microbiology, Yeast, Mitochondria, Mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid, Cell biology, Radiation Effects, Saccharomyces, Oxygen Consumption, Cytoplasm, Mutation, Respiration, Molecular Biology
Abstract

Target analyses of the induction of ρ − mutants indicated that the cytoplasm of an aerobic nonrepressed yeast contains approximately 20 mutable units, whereas repressed cells exhibit approximately 3. Aerobic adaptation of fully repressed cells brings about an increase in these cytoplasmic units which continues after maximal respiration has been reached. This increase can be correlated with the increase in numbers of stained mitochondria. The data are interpreted with reference to mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid.

Published
1969
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