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International audience; CK chondrites are the only group of carbonaceous chondrites with petrologic types ranging from 3 to 6. It is commonly reported than ~15 vol% of CK4–6 samples are composed of chondrules. The modal abundance of chondrules estimated here for 18 CK3–6 (including 5 CK3s) ranges from zero (totally recrystallized) to 50.5%. Although almost all chemically re-equilibrated with the host matrix, we recognized in CK3s and Tanezrouft (Tnz) 057 (CK4) up to 85% of chondrules as former Type I chondrules. Mean diameters of chondrules range from 0.22 to 1.05 mm for Karoonda (CK4) and Tnz 057 (CK4), respectively. Up to ~60% of chondrules in CK3–4 are surrounded by igneous rims (from ∼20 µm to 2 mm width). Zoned olivines were found in unequilibrated chondrules from DaG 431 (CK3-an), NWA 4724 (CK3.8), NWA 4423 (CK3.9), and Tnz 057 (CK4). We modeled Fe/Mg interdiffusion profiles measured in zoned olivines to evaluate the peak metamorphic temperatures and time scales of the CK parent body metamorphism, and proposed a two-stage diffusion process in order to account for the position of inflection points situated within chondrules. Time scales inferred from Fe/Mg interdiffusion in olivine from unequilibrated chondrules are on the order of tens to a hundred of thousand years (from 50 to 70 000 years for peak metamorphic temperatures of 1140 and 920 K, respectively). These durations are longer than what is commonly accepted for shock metamorphism and shorter than what is required for nuclide decay. Using the concept of a continuous CV–CK metamorphic series, which is reinforced by this study, we estimated peak metamorphic temperatures

High-precision oxygen three-isotope measurements of olivine and pyroxene were performed on 29 chondrules in the Murchison CM2 chondrite by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The oxygen isotope ratios of analyzed chondrules all plot very close to the primitive chondrule minerals (PCM) line. In each of 24 chondrules, the olivine and/or pyroxene grains analyzed show indistinguishable oxygen isotope ratios. Exceptions are minor occurrences of isotopically distinguished relict olivine grains, which were found in nine chondrules. The isotope homogeneity of these phenocrysts is consistent with a co-magmatic crystallization of olivine and pyroxene from the final chondrule melts and a significant oxygen isotope exchange between the ambient gas and the melts. Homogeneous type I chondrules with Mg#’s of 98.9–99.5 have host chondrule Δ(17)O values ranging from −6.0‰ to −4.1‰, with one exception (Δ(17)O: −1.2‰; Mg#: 99.6). Homogeneous chondrules with Mg#’s 0%) and at dust enrichments of ~300–2000×. Regarding the Mg# and oxygen isotope ratios, the chondrule populations sampled by CM and CO chondrites are similar and indistinguishable. The similarity of these (16)O-rich components in CO and CM chondrites is also supported by the common Fe/Mn ratio of olivine in type II chondrules. Although they accreted similar high-temperature silicates, CO chondrites are anhydrous compared to CM chondrites, suggesting they derived from different parent bodies formed inside and outside the snow line, respectively. If chondrules in CO and CM chondrites formed at the same disk locations but the CM parent body accreted later than the CO parent body, the snow line might have crossed the the common chondrule-forming region towards the Sun between the time of the CO and CM parent bodies accretion.

Chondrite materials with varying abundances of volatile-bearing phases are expected at the destinations for the asteroid sample-return missions Hayabusa2 and OSIRIS-REx. The targets of the missions are 162173 (1999 JU3) Ryugu and 101955 (1999 RQ36) Bennu. Spectroscopic analyses of these asteroids suggest that their surface materials are related to types 1 and 2 carbonaceous chondrites. Some studies suggest that the parent bodies of these chondrites may have also experienced some thermal and/or shock metamorphism. The physical properties of boulders at asteroid surfaces and fine particles in asteroid regoliths are consequences of the diverse processes that fragmented them, mobilized them, and redeposited them in unique accumulations. Sample-return missions are likely to encounter a broad range of carbonaceous chondrite (CC)-like materials, to which aqueous alteration, thermal, and shock metamorphism imparted changes affecting their sub-micron- to meter-scale physical properties. Consequently, implementation of scale-dependent analytical techniques to the study of the chemical, physical, and geotechnical characteristics of these CC-like materials is fundamental to safe mission operations, sample selection, and return. However, most of the available knowledge for informing and formulating expectations about regolith processes, products, and properties on carbonaceous small bodies comes from missions that studied anhydrous (e.g., Itokawa studied by Hayabusa) and/or much larger asteroids (e.g., Vesta studied by Dawn). No previous mission is likely directly relevant to small ice-free carbonaceous NEOs 162173 Ryugu or 101955 Bennu, although the Rosetta Spaceraft performed a flyby of the large asteroid Lutetia which has variously been classified as M and C type (Patzold et al., 2011). Carbonaceous chondrites carry the best record of the history, distribution, and activity of water in the early solar system. Ordinary and Enstatite chondrites carry only partial records, but these are still critical to understanding the full story. We will describe the records of water-rock interactions on asteroids, as recorded in these meteorites, with particular emphasis on the timing, nature, settings, and fluid compositions. An integral part of this story is the rare, but fortunate, preservation of actual early solar system water as aqueous fluid inclusions.

Purpose. The primary objective of this study was to compare the levels of environmental contamination before and after the introduction of PhaSeal® (closed-system drug transfer device) in two hospital pharmacies. Our secondary objective was to assess the impact of the device on the duration of drug preparation compared to procedures involving the use of needles and syringes. Methods. The study involved two French hospitals, which prepared antineoplastic chemotherapy using a biological safety cabinet and an isolator. Five skilled pharmacy technicians at each hospital prepared a total of 100 chemotherapy preparations using the standard procedure and 100 using the PhaSeal® system. To control for possible contamination occurring in the course of the procedure, we used fluorescein which becomes fluorescent when exposed to UV light. To reply the second objective, we timed the duration of the different steps of the manipulation. Results. Our findings showed a major reduction in the contamination of the work environment when using the PhaSeal® system for drug preparation. Reduction rates higher than 93% were obtained, whatever the type of protection used. On the duration of preparation, our results indicate that this duration would be approximately 1 h longer for the preparation of 100 samples. Conclusion. In conclusion, this study clearly establishes the benefit of using PhaSeal® for protecting the staff members who work with hazardous agents. It also indicates that the duration of drug preparation is not impacted by the use of the system.

International audience; Renal transplantation is considered to be a cost-effective therapy, but hospital medical costs are not accurately known. The aim of this work was to evaluate the costs of hospital stay for renal transplantation. This retrospective study included all patients who underwent renal transplantation between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2005, in our University hospital. The incurred costs were determined using our center's analytical accounting (AA). The mean local cost was then compared with the median national cost of hospitalization for renal transplantation, based on a sample of participating centers contributing to the National Cost Scale (NCS) per homogenous diagnosis-related group (DRG). These mean costs were weighed against the financing obtained by national rates of the case-mix based payment system (termed T2A). Data were collected from 77 patients. Their mean length of stay was 19.4 days. AA determined the cost of management to be euro14,100 per patient. National economic approaches were significantly higher: euro16,389 for NCS and euro17,369 for national rates. Thus, the specific DRG rate (case mix index) of renal transplantation covers the expenses incurred by our center. These results are rather interesting; however, it is unlike those obtained for the management of other diseases such as acute myeloid leukemia, where T2A underestimates the actual cost by 2-4 times. Last, the hospital budget and T2A must be considered as a whole. The fact that DRGs with favorable and unfavorable pricing balance out should be taken into account.

Whereas it is generally accepted that calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) from chondritic meteorites formed in a hot environment in the solar protoplanetary disk, the conditions of their formation remain debated. Recent laboratory studies of CAIs have provided new kind of data: their size distributions. We show that size distributions of CAIs measured in laboratory from sections of carbonaceous chondrites have a power law size distribution with cumulative size exponent between -1.7 and -1.9, which translates into cumulative size exponent between -2.5 and -2.8 after correction for sectioning. To explain these observations, numerical simulations were run to explore the growth of CAIs from micrometer to centimeter sizes, in a hot and turbulent protoplanetary disk through the competition of coagulation and fragmentation. We show that the size distributions obtained in growth simulations are in agreement with CAIs size distributions in meteorites. We explain the CAI sharp cut-off of their size distribution at centimeter sizes as the direct result from the famous fragmentation barrier, provided that CAI fragment for impact velocities larger than 10 m/s. The growth/destruction timescales of millimeter- and centimeter-sized CAIs is inversely proportional to the local dust/gas ratio and is about 10 years at 1300 K and up to 104 years at 1670K. This implies that the most refractory CAIs are expected to be smaller in size owing to their long growth timescale compared to less refractory CAIs. Conversely, the least refractory CAIs could have been recycled many times during the CAI production era which may have profound consequences for their radiometric age., Comment: Accepted in Icarus

CK chondrites are the only group of carbonaceous chondrites with petrologic types ranging from 3 to 6. Although CKs are described as calcium-aluminum-rich inclusion (CAI)-poor objects, the abundance of CAIs in the 18 CK3–6 we analyzed ranges from zero to approximately 16.4%. During thermal metamorphism, some of the fine-grained CAIs recrystallized as irregular assemblages of plagioclase + Ca-rich pyroxene ! olivine ! Ca-poor pyroxene ! magnetite. Coarse-grained CAIs display zoned spinel, fassaite destabilization, and secondary grossular and spinel. Secondary anorthite, grossular, Ca-rich pyroxene, and spinel derive from the destabilization of melilite, which is lacking in all CAIs investigated. The Al-Mg isotopic systematics measured in fine- and coarsegrained CAIs from Tanezrouft (Tnz) 057 was affected by Mg redistribution. The partial equilibration of Al-Mg isotopic signatures obtained in the core of a coarse-grained CAI (CG1-CAI) in Tnz 057 may indicate a lower peak temperature for Mg diffusion of approximately 540–580 °C, while grossular present in the core of this CAI indicates a higher temperature of around 800 °C for the metamorphic event on the parent body of Tnz 057. Excluding metamorphic features, the similarity in nature and abundance of CAIs in CK and CV chondrites confirms that CVs and CKs form a continuous metamorphic series from type 3 to 6.

Metamorphic CK carbonaceous chondrites display matrix textures that are best explained by a transient thermal event with temperatures in the 550–950 K range and durations in the order of days to years, longer than what is commonly admitted for shock events but shorter than what is required for nuclide decay. We propose that radiative heating of small carbonaceous meteoroids with perihelia close to the Sun could account for the petrological features observed in CK chondrites. Numerical thermal modeling, using favorable known NEOs orbital parameters (perihelion distances between 0.07 and 0.15 AU) and physical properties of CV and CK chondrites (albedo in the range 0.01–0.1, 25% porosity, thermal diffusivity of 0.5–1.5 W m −1 K −1 ), shows that radiative heating can heat carbonaceous meteoroids in the meter size range to core temperatures up to 1050 K, consistent with the metamorphic temperatures estimated for CK chondrites. Sizes of known CV and CK chondrites indicate that all these objects were small meteoroids (radii from a few cm to 2.5 m) prior to their atmospheric entry. Simulations of dynamic orbits for NEO objects suggest that there are numerous such bodies with suitable orbits and properties, even if they are only a small percentage of all NEOs. Radiative heating would be a secondary process (superimposed on parent-body processes) affecting meteoroids formed by the disruption of an initially homogeneous CV3-type parent body. Different petrologic types can be accounted for depending on the sizes and heliocentric distances of the objects in such a swarm.

International audience; BACKGROUND: The study's objective was to assess the predictive factors of anemia induced by chemotherapy in early breast cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients treated by adjuvant or neo-adjuvant anthracyclin-based regimens with or without taxanes between 1998 and 2006 in a French university hospital were studied. Chemotherapy included. Anemia was defined as a hemoglobin (Hb) concentration lower than 12 g/dL. Multivariate analysis by logistic regression was used to search for baseline risk factors linked to the occurrence of anemia. RESULTS: Among 378 patients, anemia was observed in 64% of cases. The occurrence of anemia was significantly related to 6 risk factors: exposure to taxanes (HR 11.5, 95% CI, 2.5-52.6), high dose of anthracyclin (epirubicin 100 mg/m²)(HR 4.3; 95% CI, 2.8-8), Hb at baseline 60 (HR 2.5; 95% CI, 1.4-5) years old (HR 2.5; 95% CI, 1.4-5) and Body Mass Index (BMI) ≤ 25 kg/m² (HR 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-2.8). CONCLUSION: Taking into account the following factors: type of chemotherapy, BMI, age, Hb at baseline should allow a better identification of patients at risk of anemia.

Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a life threatening complication after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT). The aim of this study was to value clinical benefit of FXIII in severaly affected patients remaining symptomatic after conventional conservative treatments. Patients and methods Data from patients treated with factor XIII for severe HC after allogeneic SCT were reviewed. Severity of hematuria was evaluated according to National Cancer Institute common toxicity criteria. Clinical improvement was defined as complete or partial resolution of macroscopic hematuria, changes in the irritative urinary symptoms, and decrease of platelet transfusions. Results Nine patients (4 women, 5 men) were treated with one or two infusions of 50 UI/kg body weight of factor XIII between 1998 to 2007. Patients characteristics are summarized in the table. Patients characteristics Age Diagnosis Conditioning regimen Source of SC Status at time of HC Grade HC Urethral catherization Time of resolution* ALL: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, AML: acute myeloblastic leukemia, CML: chronic myeloid leukemia, MM: myeloid metaplasia, BU: busulfan, CY: cyclophosphamide, Mel: melphalan, Fluda: fludarabine, TBI : total body irradiation, BM: bone marrow, PB: peripheral blood, UCB: unit cord blood, aGVHD: acute graft versus host disease 17 Lymphoma 4 BU/CY BM aGVHD III IV Yes 10 days 45 B-ALL BU/CY BM aGVHD III IV Yes No resolution 38 AML 2 BU/Mel PB aGVHD II III Yes 10 days 29 T-ALL BU/CY BM no GVH III Yes 10 days 32 AML 1 TBI/CY BM aGVHD III IV Yes No resolution 47 CML BU/CY BM no GVH II No 4 days 58 MM BU/Mel PB aGVHD II II No 4 days 42 AML 1 Fluda/Mel BM aGVHD I II No 2 days 39 ALL TBI/Fluda/CY UCB aGVHD I II No 2 days FXIII concentrate were administred between 8 and 15 days after the beginning of urinary symptoms except for two patients [Day 30 ; Day 46]. Only one patient showed a low FXIII level before injection. In four cases, several infusions were necessary. All patients were in thombocytopenia (platelets