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1. Genome-wide association study meta-analysis of neurofilament light (NfL) levels in blood reveals novel loci related to neurodegeneration

Author: Shahzad Ahmad, Mohammad Aslam Imtiaz, Aniket Mishra, Ruiqi Wang, Marisol Herrera-Rivero, Joshua C. Bis, Myriam Fornage, Gennady Roshchupkin, Edith Hofer, Mark Logue, W. T. Longstreth, Rui Xia, Vincent Bouteloup, Thomas Mosley, Lenore J. Launer, Michael Khalil, Jens Kuhle, Robert A. Rissman, Genevieve Chene, Carole Dufouil, Luc Djoussé, Michael J. Lyons, Kenneth J. Mukamal, William S. Kremen, Carol E. Franz, Reinhold Schmidt, Stephanie Debette, Monique M. B. Breteler, Klaus Berger, Qiong Yang, Sudha Seshadri, N. Ahmad Aziz, Mohsen Ghanbari, and M. Arfan Ikram
Subjects: Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: Abstract Neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels in circulation have been established as a sensitive biomarker of neuro-axonal damage across a range of neurodegenerative disorders. Elucidation of the genetic architecture of blood NfL levels could provide new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders. In this meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of blood NfL levels from eleven cohorts of European ancestry, we identify two genome-wide significant loci at 16p12 (UMOD) and 17q24 (SLC39A11). We observe association of three loci at 1q43 (FMN2), 12q14, and 12q21 with blood NfL levels in the meta-analysis of African-American ancestry. In the trans-ethnic meta-analysis, we identify three additional genome-wide significant loci at 1p32 (FGGY), 6q14 (TBX18), and 4q21. In the post-GWAS analyses, we observe the association of higher NfL polygenic risk score with increased plasma levels of total-tau, Aβ-40, Aβ-42, and higher incidence of Alzheimer’s disease in the Rotterdam Study. Furthermore, Mendelian randomization analysis results suggest that a lower kidney function could cause higher blood NfL levels. This study uncovers multiple genetic loci of blood NfL levels, highlighting the genes related to molecular mechanism of neurodegeneration.
Published: 2024
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2. Estimation of ground-level NO2 and its spatiotemporal variations in China using GEMS measurements and a nested machine learning model

Author: N. Ahmad, C. Lin, A. K. H. Lau, J. Kim, T. Zhang, F. Yu, C. Li, Y. Li, J. C. H. Fung, and X. Q. Lao
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: The major link between satellite-derived vertical column densities (VCDs) of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and ground-level concentrations is theoretically the NO2 mixing height (NMH). Various meteorological parameters have been used as a proxy for NMH in existing studies. This study developed a nested XGBoost machine learning model to convert VCDs of NO2 into ground-level NO2 concentrations across China using Geostationary Environmental Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) measurements. This nested model was designed to directly incorporate NMH into the methodological framework to estimate satellite-derived ground-level NO2 concentrations. The inner machine learning model predicted the NMH from meteorological parameters, which were then input into the main XGBoost machine learning model to predict the ground-level NO2 concentrations from its VCDs. The inclusion of NMH significantly enhanced the accuracy of ground-level NO2 concentration estimates; i.e., the R2 values were improved from 0.73 to 0.93 in 10-fold cross-validation and from 0.88 to 0.99 in the fully trained model. Furthermore, NMH was identified as the second most important predictor variable, following the VCDs of NO2. Subsequently, the satellite-derived ground-level NO2 data were analyzed across subregions with varying geographic locations and urbanization levels. Highly populated areas typically experienced peak NO2 concentrations during the early morning rush hour, whereas areas categorized as lightly populated observed a slight increase in NO2 levels 1 or 2 h later, likely due to regional pollutant dispersion from urban sources. This study underscores the importance of incorporating NMH in estimating ground-level NO2 from satellite column measurements and highlights the significant advantages of geostationary satellites in providing detailed air pollution information at an hourly resolution.
Published: 2024
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3. Peripheral whole blood microRNA expression in relation to vascular function: a population-based study

Author: Valentina Talevi, Konstantinos Melas, Gökhan Pehlivan, Mohammed A. Imtiaz, Dennis Manfred Krüger, Tonatiuh Pena Centeno, N. Ahmad Aziz, Andre Fischer, and Monique M.B. Breteler
Subjects: Population-based, Epigenomics, Blood microRNA, microRNA-gene regulatory networks, WGCNA, Vascular function, Medicine
Abstract: Abstract Background As key regulators of gene expression, microRNAs affect many cardiovascular mechanisms and have been associated with several cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relation of whole blood microRNAs with several quantitative measurements of vascular function, and explore their biological role through an integrative microRNA-gene expression analysis. Methods Peripheral whole blood microRNA expression was assessed through RNA-Seq in 2606 participants (45.8% men, mean age: 53.93, age range: 30 to 95 years) from the Rhineland Study, an ongoing population-based cohort study in Bonn, Germany. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to cluster microRNAs with highly correlated expression levels into 14 modules. Through linear regression models, we investigated the association between each module’s expression and quantitative markers of vascular health, including pulse wave velocity, total arterial compliance index, cardiac index, stroke index, systemic vascular resistance index, reactive skin hyperemia and white matter hyperintensity burden. For each module associated with at least one trait, one or more hub-microRNAs driving the association were defined. Hub-microRNAs were further characterized through mapping to putative target genes followed by gene ontology pathway analysis. Results Four modules, represented by hub-microRNAs miR-320 family, miR-378 family, miR-3605-3p, miR-6747-3p, miR-6786-3p, and miR-330-5p, were associated with total arterial compliance index. Importantly, the miR-320 family module was also associated with white matter hyperintensity burden, an effect partially mediated through arterial compliance. Furthermore, hub-microRNA miR-192-5p was related to cardiac index. Functional analysis corroborated the relevance of the identified microRNAs for vascular function by revealing, among others, enrichment for pathways involved in blood vessel morphogenesis and development, angiogenesis, telomere organization and maintenance, and insulin secretion. Conclusions We identified several microRNAs robustly associated with cardiovascular function, especially arterial compliance and cardiac output. Moreover, our results highlight miR-320 as a regulator of cerebrovascular damage, partly through modulation of vascular function. As many of these microRNAs were involved in biological processes related to vasculature development and aging, our results contribute to the understanding of vascular physiology and provide putative targets for cardiovascular disease prevention.
Published: 2024
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4. Long-term impact of COVID-19 hospitalisation among individuals with pre-existing airway diseases in the UK: a multicentre, longitudinal cohort study – PHOSP-COVID

Author: Omer Elneima, John R. Hurst, Carlos Echevarria, Jennifer K. Quint, Samantha Walker, Salman Siddiqui, Petr Novotny, Paul E. Pfeffer, Jeremy S. Brown, Manu Shankar-Hari, Hamish J.C. McAuley, Olivia C. Leavy, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Marco Sereno, Matthew Richardson, Ruth M. Saunders, Victoria C. Harris, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Neil J. Greening, Ewen M. Harrison, Annemarie B. Docherty, Nazir I. Lone, James D. Chalmers, Ling-Pei Ho, Alex Horsley, Michael Marks, Krisnah Poinasamy, Betty Raman, Rachael A. Evans, Louise V. Wain, Aziz Sheikh, Chris E. Brightling, Anthony De Soyza, Liam G. Heaney, J.K. Baillie, N.I. Lone, E. Pairo-Castineira, N. Avramidis, K. Rawlik, S Jones, L. Armstrong, B. Hairsine, H. Henson, C. Kurasz, A. Shaw, L. Shenton, H. Dobson, A. Dell, S. Fairbairn, N. Hawkings, J. Haworth, M. Hoare, V. Lewis, A. Lucey, G. Mallison, H. Nassa, C. Pennington, A. Price, C. Price, A. Storrie, G. Willis, S. Young, K. Poinasamy, S. Walker, I. Jarrold, A. Sanderson, K. Chong-James, C. David, W.Y. James, P. Pfeffer, O. Zongo, A. Martineau, C. Manisty, C. Armour, V. Brown, J. Busby, B. Connolly, T. Craig, S. Drain, L.G. Heaney, B. King, N. Magee, E. Major, D. McAulay, L. McGarvey, J. McGinness, T. Peto, R. Stone, A. Bolger, F. Davies, A. Haggar, J. Lewis, A. Lloyd, R. Manley, E. McIvor, D. Menzies, K. Roberts, W. Saxon, D. Southern, C. Subbe, V. Whitehead, A. Bularga, N.L. Mills, J. Dawson, H. El-Taweel, L. Robinson, L. Brear, K. Regan, D. Saralaya, K. Storton, S. Amoils, A. Bermperi, I. Cruz, K. Dempsey, A. Elmer, J. Fuld, H. Jones, S. Jose, S. Marciniak, M. Parkes, C. Ribeiro, J. Taylor, M. Toshner, L. Watson, J. Worsley, L. Broad, T. Evans, M. Haynes, L. Jones, L. Knibbs, A. McQueen, C. Oliver, K. Paradowski, R. Sabit, J. Williams, I. Jones, L. Milligan, E. Harris, C. Sampson, E. Davies, C. Evenden, A. Hancock, K. Hancock, C. Lynch, M. Rees, L. Roche, N. Stroud, T. Thomas-Woods, S. Heller, T. Chalder, K. Shah, E. Robertson, B. Young, M. Babores, M. Holland, N. Keenan, S. Shashaa, H. Wassall, L. Austin, E. Beranova, T. Cosier, J. Deery, T. Hazelton, H. Ramos, R. Solly, S. Turney, H. Weston, M. Ralser, L. Pearce, S. Pugmire, W. Stoker, A. Wilson, W. McCormick, E. Fraile, J. Ugoji, L. Aguilar Jimenez, G. Arbane, S. Betts, K. Bisnauthsing, A. Dewar, N. Hart, G. Kaltsakas, H. Kerslake, M.M. Magtoto, P. Marino, L.M. Martinez, M. Ostermann, J. Rossdale, T.S. Solano, M. Alvarez Corral, A. Arias, E. Bevan, D. Griffin, J. Martin, J. Owen, S. Payne, A. Prabhu, A. Reed, W. Storrar, N. Williams, C. Wrey Brown, T. Burdett, J. Featherstone, C. Lawson, A. Layton, C. Mills, L. Stephenson, Y. Ellis, P. Atkin, K. Brindle, M.G. Crooks, K. Drury, N. Easom, R. Flockton, L. Holdsworth, A. Richards, D.L. Sykes, S. Thackray-Nocera, C. Wright, S. Coetzee, K. Davies, R. Hughes, R. Loosley, H. McGuinness, A. Mohamed, L. O'Brien, Z. Omar, E. Perkins, J. Phipps, G. Ross, A. Taylor, H. Tench, R. Wolf-Roberts, L. Burden, E. Calvelo, B. Card, C. Carr, E.R. Chilvers, D. Copeland, P. Cullinan, P. Daly, L. Evison, T. Fayzan, H. Gordon, S. Haq, R.G. Jenkins, C. King, O. Kon, K. March, M. Mariveles, L. McLeavey, N. Mohamed, S. Moriera, U. Munawar, J. Nunag, U. Nwanguma, L. Orriss-Dib, A. Ross, M. Roy, E. Russell, K. Samuel, J. Schronce, N. Simpson, L. Tarusan, D.C. Thomas, C. Wood, N. Yasmin, D. Altmann, L.S. Howard, D. Johnston, A. Lingford-Hughes, W.D-C. Man, J. Mitchell, P.L. Molyneaux, C. Nicolaou, D.P. O'Regan, L. Price, J. Quint, D. Smith, R.S. Thwaites, J. Valabhji, S. Walsh, C.M. Efstathiou, F. Liew, A. Frankel, L. Lightstone, S. McAdoo, M. Wilkins, M. Willicombe, R. Touyz, A-M. Guerdette, M. Hewitt, R. Reddy, K. Warwick, S. White, A. McMahon, M. Malim, K. Bramham, M. Brown, K. Ismail, T. Nicholson, C. Pariante, C. Sharpe, S. Wessely, J. Whitney, O. Adeyemi, R. Adrego, H. Assefa-Kebede, J. Breeze, S. Byrne, P. Dulawan, A. Hoare, C.J. Jolley, A. Knighton, S. Patale, I. Peralta, N. Powell, A. Ramos, K. Shevket, F. Speranza, A. Te, A. Shah, A. Chiribiri, C. O'Brien, A. Hayday, A. Ashworth, P. Beirne, J. Clarke, C. Coupland, M. Dalton, C. Favager, J. Glossop, J. Greenwood, L. Hall, T. Hardy, A. Humphries, J. Murira, D. Peckham, S. Plein, J. Rangeley, G. Saalmink, A.L. Tan, E. Wade, B. Whittam, N. Window, J. Woods, G. Coakley, L. Turtle, L. Allerton, A.M. Allt, M. Beadsworth, A. Berridge, J. Brown, S. Cooper, A. Cross, S. Defres, S.L. Dobson, J. Earley, N. French, W. Greenhalf, K. Hainey, H.E. Hardwick, J. Hawkes, V. Highett, S. Kaprowska, A.L. Key, L. Lavelle-Langham, N. Lewis-Burke, G. Madzamba, F. Malein, S. Marsh, C. Mears, L. Melling, M.J. Noonan, L. Poll, J. Pratt, E. Richardson, A. Rowe, M.G. Semple, V. Shaw, K.A. Tripp, L.O. Wajero, S.A. Williams-Howard, D.G. Wootton, J. Wyles, S.N. Diwanji, S. Gurram, P. Papineni, S. Quaid, G.F. Tiongson, E. Watson, A. Briggs, M. Marks, C. Hastie, N. Rogers, N. Smith, D. Stensel, L. Bishop, K. McIvor, P. Rivera-Ortega, B. Al-Sheklly, C. Avram, J. Blaikely, M. Buch, N. Choudhury, D. Faluyi, T. Felton, T. Gorsuch, N.A. Hanley, A. Horsley, T. Hussell, Z. Kausar, N. Odell, R. Osbourne, K. Piper Hanley, K. Radhakrishnan, S. Stockdale, T. Kabir, J.T. Scott, P.J.M. Openshaw, I.D. Stewart, D. Burn, A. Ayoub, G. Burns, G. Davies, A. De Soyza, C. Echevarria, H. Fisher, C. Francis, A. Greenhalgh, P. Hogarth, J. Hughes, K. Jiwa, G. Jones, G. MacGowan, D. Price, A. Sayer, J. Simpson, H. Tedd, S. Thomas, S. West, M. Witham, S. Wright, A. Young, M.J. McMahon, P. Neill, D. Anderson, N. Basu, H. Bayes, A. Brown, A. Dougherty, K. Fallon, L. Gilmour, D. Grieve, K. Mangion, A. Morrow, R. Sykes, C. Berry, I.B. McInnes, K. Scott, F. Barrett, A. Donaldson, E.K. Sage, D. Bell, R. Hamil, K. Leitch, L. Macliver, M. Patel, J. Quigley, A. Smith, B. Welsh, G. Choudhury, S. Clohisey, A. Deans, A.B. Docherty, J. Furniss, E.M. Harrison, S. Kelly, A. Sheikh, J.D. Chalmers, D. Connell, C. Deas, A. Elliott, J. George, S. Mohammed, J. Rowland, A.R. Solstice, D. Sutherland, C.J. Tee, J. Bunker, R. Gill, R. Nathu, K. Holmes, H. Adamali, D. Arnold, S. Barratt, A. Dipper, S. Dunn, N. Maskell, A. Morley, L. Morrison, L. Stadon, S. Waterson, H. Welch, B. Jayaraman, T. Light, I. Vogiatzis, P. Almeida, C.E. Bolton, A. Hosseini, L. Matthews, R. Needham, K. Shaw, A.K. Thomas, J. Bonnington, M. Chrystal, C. Dupont, P.L. Greenhaff, A. Gupta, W. Jang, S. Linford, A. Nikolaidis, S. Prosper, A. Burns, N. Kanellakis, V.M. Ferreira, C. Nikolaidou, C. Xie, M. Ainsworth, A. Alamoudi, A. Bloss, P. Carter, M. Cassar, J. Chen, F. Conneh, T. Dong, R.I. Evans, E. Fraser, J.R. Geddes, F. Gleeson, P. Harrison, M. Havinden-Williams, L.P. Ho, P. Jezzard, I. Koychev, P. Kurupati, H. McShane, C. Megson, S. Neubauer, D. Nicoll, G. Ogg, E. Pacpaco, M. Pavlides, Y. Peng, N. Petousi, J. Pimm, N.M. Rahman, B. Raman, M.J. Rowland, K. Saunders, M. Sharpe, N. Talbot, E.M. Tunnicliffe, A. Korszun, S. Kerr, R.E. Barker, D. Cristiano, N. Dormand, P. George, M. Gummadi, S. Kon, K. Liyanage, C.M. Nolan, B. Patel, S. Patel, O. Polgar, P. Shah, S. Singh, J.A. Walsh, M. Gibbons, S. Ahmad, S. Brill, J. Hurst, H. Jarvis, L. Lim, S. Mandal, D. Matila, O. Olaosebikan, C. Singh, C. Laing, H. Baxendale, L. Garner, C. Johnson, J. Mackie, A. Michael, J. Newman, J. Pack, K. Paques, H. Parfrey, J. Parmar, A. Reddy, M. Halling-Brown, P. Dark, N. Diar-Bakerly, D. Evans, E. Hardy, A. Harvey, D. Holgate, S. Knight, N. Mairs, N. Majeed, L. McMorrow, J. Oxton, J. Pendlebury, C. Summersgill, R. Ugwuoke, S. Whittaker, W. Matimba-Mupaya, S. Strong-Sheldrake, P. Chowienczyk, J. Bagshaw, M. Begum, K. Birchall, R. Butcher, H. Carborn, F. Chan, K. Chapman, Y. Cheng, L. Chetham, C. Clark, Z. Coburn, J. Cole, M. Dixon, A. Fairman, J. Finnigan, H. Foot, D. Foote, A. Ford, R. Gregory, K. Harrington, L. Haslam, L. Hesselden, J. Hockridge, A. Holbourn, B. Holroyd-Hind, L. Holt, A. Howell, E. Hurditch, F. Ilyas, C. Jarman, A. Lawrie, J-H. Lee, E. Lee, R. Lenagh, A. Lye, I. Macharia, M. Marshall, A. Mbuyisa, J. McNeill, S. Megson, J. Meiring, L. Milner, S. Misra, H. Newell, T. Newman, C. Norman, L. Nwafor, D. Pattenadk, M. Plowright, J. Porter, P. Ravencroft, C. Roddis, J. Rodger, S.L. Rowland-Jones, P. Saunders, J. Sidebottom, J. Smith, L. Smith, N. Steele, G. Stephens, R. Stimpson, B. Thamu, A.A.R. Thompson, N. Tinker, K. Turner, H. Turton, P. Wade, J. Watson, I. Wilson, A. Zawia, L. Allsop, K. Bennett, P. Buckley, M. Flynn, M. Gill, C. Goodwin, M. Greatorex, H. Gregory, C. Heeley, L. Holloway, M. Holmes, J. Hutchinson, J. Kirk, W. Lovegrove, T.A. Sewell, S. Shelton, D. Sissons, K. Slack, S. Smith, D. Sowter, S. Turner, V. Whitworth, I. Wynter, J. Tomlinson, L. Warburton, S. Painter, S. Palmer, D. Redwood, J. Tilley, C. Vickers, T. Wainwright, G. Breen, M. Hotopf, R. Aul, D. Forton, M. Ali, A. Dunleavy, M. Mencias, N. Msimanga, T. Samakomva, S. Siddique, V. Tavoukjian, J. Teixeira, R. Ahmed, R. Francis, L. Connor, A. Cook, G.A. Davies, T. Rees, F. Thaivalappil, C. Thomas, M. McNarry, K.E. Lewis, M. Coulding, S. Kilroy, J. McCormick, J. McIntosh, V. Turner, J. Vere, A. Butt, H. Savill, S.S. Kon, G. Landers, H. Lota, S. Portukhay, M. Nasseri, A. Daniels, A. Hormis, J. Ingham, L. Zeidan, M. Chablani, L. Osborne, S. Aslani, A. Banerjee, R. Batterham, G. Baxter, R. Bell, A. David, E. Denneny, A.D. Hughes, W. Lilaonitkul, P. Mehta, A. Pakzad, B. Rangelov, B. Williams, J. Willoughby, M. Xu, N. Ahwireng, D. Bang, D. Basire, J.S. Brown, R.C. Chambers, A. Checkley, R. Evans, M. Heightman, T. Hillman, J. Jacob, R. Jastrub, M. Lipman, S. Logan, D. Lomas, M. Merida Morillas, H. Plant, J.C. Porter, K. Roy, E. Wall, T. Treibel, N. Ahmad Haider, C. Atkin, R. Baggott, M. Bates, A. Botkai, A. Casey, B. Cooper, J. Dasgin, C. Dawson, K. Draxlbauer, N. Gautam, J. Hazeldine, T. Hiwot, S. Holden, K. Isaacs, T. Jackson, V. Kamwa, D. Lewis, J.M. Lord, S. Madathil, C. McGhee, K. McGee, A. Neal, A. Newton-Cox, J. Nyaboko, D. Parekh, Z. Peterkin, H. Qureshi, L. Ratcliffe, E. Sapey, J. Short, T. Soulsby, J. Stockley, Z. Suleiman, T. Thompson, M. Ventura, S. Walder, C. Welch, D. Wilson, S. Yasmin, K.P. Yip, N. Chaudhuri, C. Childs, R. Djukanovic, S. Fletcher, M. Harvey, M.G. Jones, E. Marouzet, B. Marshall, R. Samuel, T. Sass, T. Wallis, H. Wheeler, R. Steeds, P. Beckett, C. Dickens, U. Nanda, M. Aljaroof, N. Armstrong, H. Arnold, H. Aung, M. Bakali, M. Bakau, E. Baldry, M. Baldwin, C. Bourne, M. Bourne, C.E. Brightling, N. Brunskill, P. Cairns, L. Carr, A. Charalambou, C. Christie, M.J. Davies, E. Daynes, S. Diver, R. Dowling, S. Edwards, C. Edwardson, O. Elneima, H. Evans, R.A. Evans, J. Finch, S. Finney, S. Glover, N. Goodman, B. Gooptu, N.J. Greening, K. Hadley, P. Haldar, B. Hargadon, V.C. Harris, L. Houchen-Wolloff, W. Ibrahim, L. Ingram, K. Khunti, A. Lea, D. Lee, H.J.C. McAuley, G.P. McCann, P. McCourt, T. McNally, G. Mills, W. Monteiro, M. Pareek, S. Parker, A. Prickett, I.N. Qureshi, A. Rowland, R. Russell, M. Sereno, A. Shikotra, S. Siddiqui, A. Singapuri, S.J. Singh, J. Skeemer, M. Soares, E. Stringer, S. Terry, T. Thornton, M. Tobin, T.J.C. Ward, F. Woodhead, T. Yates, A.J. Yousuf, B. Guillen Guiio, O.C. Leavy, L.V. Wain, M. Broome, P. McArdle, D. Thickett, R. Upthegrove, D. Wilkinson, P. Moss, D. Wraith, J. Evans, E. Bullmore, J.L. Heeney, C. Langenberg, W. Schwaeble, C. Summers, J. Weir McCall, D. Adeloye, D.E. Newby, R. Pius, I. Rudan, M. Shankar-Hari, C.L. Sudlow, M. Thorpe, S. Walmsley, B. Zheng, L. Allan, C. Ballard, A. McGovern, J. Dennis, J. Cavanagh, S. MacDonald, K. O'Donnell, J. Petrie, N. Sattar, M. Spears, E. Guthrie, M. Henderson, R.J. Allen, M. Bingham, T. Brugha, R. Free, D. Jones, L. Gardiner, A.J. Moss, E. Mukaetova-Ladinska, P. Novotny, C. Overton, J.E. Pearl, T. Plekhanova, M. Richardson, N. Samani, J. Sargent, M. Sharma, M. Steiner, C. Taylor, C. Tong, E. Turner, J. Wormleighton, B. Zhao, K. Ntotsis, R.M. Saunders, D. Lozano-Rojas, D. Cuthbertson, G. Kemp, A. McArdle, B. Michael, W. Reynolds, L.G. Spencer, B. Vinson, M. Ashworth, K. Abel, H. Chinoy, B. Deakin, M. Harvie, C.A. Miller, S. Stanel, P. Barran, D. Trivedi, H. McAllister-Williams, S. Paddick, A. Rostron, J.P. Taylor, D. Baguley, C. Coleman, E. Cox, L. Fabbri, S. Francis, I. Hall, E. Hufton, S. Johnson, F. Khan, P. Kitterick, R. Morriss, N. Selby, L. Wright, C. Antoniades, A. Bates, M. Beggs, K. Bhui, K. Breeze, K.M. Channon, D. Clark, X. Fu, M. Husain, X. Li, E. Lukaschuk, C. McCracken, K. McGlynn, R. Menke, K. Motohashi, T.E. Nichols, G. Ogbole, S. Piechnik, I. Propescu, J. Propescu, A.A. Samat, Z.B. Sanders, L. Sigfrid, M. Webster, L. Kingham, P. Klenerman, H. Lamlum, G. Carson, M. Taquet, L. Finnigan, L.C. Saunders, J.M. Wild, P.C. Calder, N. Huneke, G. Simons, D. Baldwin, S. Bain, L. Daines, E. Bright, P. Crisp, R. Dharmagunawardena, M. Stern, L. Bailey, A. Reddington, A. Wight, A. Ashish, J. Cooper, E. Robinson, A. Broadley, L. Barman, C. Brookes, K. Elliott, L. Griffiths, Z. Guy, K. Howard, D. Ionita, H. Redfearn, C. Sarginson, and A. Turnbull
Subjects: Medicine
Abstract: Background The long-term outcomes of COVID-19 hospitalisation in individuals with pre-existing airway diseases are unknown. Methods Adult participants hospitalised for confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19 and discharged between 5 March 2020 and 31 March 2021 were recruited to the Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 (PHOSP-COVID) study. Participants attended research visits at 5 months and 1 year post discharge. Clinical characteristics, perceived recovery, burden of symptoms and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of individuals with pre-existing airway disease (i.e., asthma, COPD or bronchiectasis) were compared to the non-airways group. Results A total of 615 out of 2697 (22.8%) participants had a history of pre-existing airway diseases (72.0% diagnosed with asthma, 22.9% COPD and 5.1% bronchiectasis). At 1 year, the airways group participants were less likely to feel fully recovered (20.4% versus 33.2%, p
Published: 2024
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5. Potential value of a rapid syndromic multiplex PCR for the diagnosis of native and prosthetic joint infections: a real-world evidence study

Author: S. Pascual, B. Noble, N. Ahmad-Saeed, C. Aldridge, S. Ambretti, S. Amit, R. Annett, S. A. O'Shea, A. M. Barbui, G. Barlow, L. Barrett, M. Berth, A. Bondi, N. Boran, S. E. Boyd, C. Chaves, M. Clauss, P. Davies, I. T. Dianzo-Delgado, J. Esteban, S. Fuchs, L. Friis-Hansen, D. Goldenberger, A. Kraševac Glaser, J. O. Groonroos, I. Hoffmann, T. Hoffmann, H. Hughes, M. Ivanova, P. Jezek, G. Jones, Z. Ceren Karahan, C. Lass-Flörl, F. Laurent, L. Leach, M. L. Horsbøll Pedersen, C. Loiez, M. Lynch, R. J. Maloney, M. Marsh, O. Milburn, S. Mitchell, L. S. P. Moore, L. Moffat, M. Murdjeva, M. E. Murphy, D. Nayar, G. Nigrisoli, F. O'Sullivan, B. Öz, T. Peach, C. Petridou, M. Prinz, M. Rak, N. Reidy, G. M. Rossolini, A.-L. Roux, P. Ruiz-Garbajosa, K. Saeed, L. Salar-Vidal, C. Salas Venero, M. Selvaratnam, E. Senneville, P. Starzengruber, B. Talbot, V. Taylor, R. Trebše, D. Wearmouth, B. Willinger, M. Wouthuyzen-Bakker, B. Couturier, and F. Allantaz
Subjects: Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract: Introduction: The BIOFIRE Joint Infection (JI) Panel is a diagnostic tool that uses multiplex-PCR testing to detect microorganisms in synovial fluid specimens from patients suspected of having septic arthritis (SA) on native joints or prosthetic joint infections (PJIs). Methods: A study was conducted across 34 clinical sites in 19 European and Middle Eastern countries from March 2021 to June 2022 to assess the effectiveness of the BIOFIRE JI Panel. Results: A total of 1527 samples were collected from patients suspected of SA or PJI, with an overall agreement of 88.4 % and 85 % respectively between the JI Panel and synovial fluid cultures (SFCs). The JI Panel detected more positive samples and microorganisms than SFC, with a notable difference on Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus species, Enterococcus faecalis, Kingella kingae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and anaerobic bacteria. The study found that the BIOFIRE JI Panel has a high utility in the real-world clinical setting for suspected SA and PJI, providing diagnostic results in approximately 1 h. The user experience was positive, implying a potential benefit of rapidity of results' turnover in optimising patient management strategies. Conclusion: The study suggests that the BIOFIRE JI Panel could potentially optimise patient management and antimicrobial therapy, thus highlighting its importance in the clinical setting.
Published: 2024
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6. Single cell whole-genome sequencing of brain cells: age- and cell-type specific mutational profiles

Author: Melania Capasso and N. Ahmad Aziz
Subjects: Medicine, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Published: 2024
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7. Optimally analyzed fractional Coronavirus model with Atangana–Baleanu derivative

Author: A.I.K. Butt, W. Ahmad, M. Rafiq, N. Ahmad, and M. Imran
Subjects: Coronavirus, Threshold, ABC operator, Existence and uniqueness, Sensitivity, Stability, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: In this article, we develop a nonlinear SEIQHR fractional model with Atangana–Baleanu (ABC) derivative for the Corona virus disease (Covid-19). It is significant to mention that using a fractional-order derivative can provide more intricate insights into the complex dynamics of underlying models. We provide two unique equilibrium states of the model in order to analyze the problem. To explore the long-term dynamics of a disease, a threshold parameter for the model utilizing next-generation approach is computed. Local and global asymptotic behaviors of the proposed model at both the equilibrium states are established by imposing some necessary conditions on threshold parameter. To validate our obtained analytical results and to examine the importance of arbitrary order derivative, we implement a recently proposed Toufik–Atangana numerical technique. To reach our conclusions, we investigate a thorough quantitative analysis of the model through the adjustment of quarantine and hospitalization rates as a first constant control technique. Through numerical experiments, it is asserted that the Covid-19 pandemic may be eliminated more quickly if a human community selfishly adopted both of the necessary control measures at various coverage levels with appropriate awareness. The developed model is subjected to sensitivity analysis and the most sensitive parameters are identified. In addition, the bifurcation nature of the Covid-19 model is examined. Furthermore, we develop an optimal control problem along with the associated optimality conditions of Pontryagin type to discover the most effective controls for the both strategies, one for exposed and another for infected individuals. The goal is to reduce both the financial burden of executing these strategies as well as the number of exposed and infected people. The extremals are obtained numerically. The effectiveness and efficiency of the optimal control strategy are finally demonstrated by numerical simulations before and after the optimization. The importance of the current research work is the use of developed structure preserving Toufik-Atangana numerical scheme, backward in time, for the first time to analyze optimally the epidemic models, for example the proposed SEQIHR Covid-19 model.
Published: 2023
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8. Genome-wide associations of aortic distensibility suggest causality for aortic aneurysms and brain white matter hyperintensities

Author: Catherine M. Francis, Matthias E. Futschik, Jian Huang, Wenjia Bai, Muralidharan Sargurupremraj, Alexander Teumer, Monique M. B. Breteler, Enrico Petretto, Amanda S. R. Ho, Philippe Amouyel, Stefan T. Engelter, Robin Bülow, Uwe Völker, Henry Völzke, Marcus Dörr, Mohammed-Aslam Imtiaz, N. Ahmad Aziz, Valerie Lohner, James S. Ware, Stephanie Debette, Paul Elliott, Abbas Dehghan, and Paul M. Matthews
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Aortic distensibility is a risk factor for multiple cardiovascular events, but the genetic etiology is not well understood. Here, the authors identify genetic variants linked to aortic distensibility, highlighting mechanistic pathways and causal relationships between distensibility and both aortic aneurysms and brain small vessel disease.
Published: 2022
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9. Associations of genetic liability for Alzheimer’s disease with cognition and eye movements in a large, population-based cohort study

Author: Annabell Coors, Mohammed-Aslam Imtiaz, Meta M. Boenniger, N. Ahmad Aziz, Ulrich Ettinger, and Monique M. B. Breteler
Subjects: Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Abstract To identify cognitive measures that may be particularly sensitive to early cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we investigated the relation between genetic risk for AD and cognitive task performance in a large population-based cohort study. We measured performance on memory, processing speed, executive function, crystallized intelligence and eye movement tasks in 5182 participants of the Rhineland Study, aged 30 to 95 years. We quantified genetic risk for AD by creating three weighted polygenic risk scores (PRS) based on the genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms coming from three different genetic association studies. We assessed the relation of AD PRS with cognitive performance using generalized linear models. Three PRS were associated with lower performance on the Corsi forward task, and two PRS were associated with a lower probability of correcting antisaccade errors, but none of these associations remained significant after correction for multiple testing. Associations between age and trail-making test A (TMT-A) performance were modified by AD genetic risk, with individuals at high genetic risk showing the strongest association. We conclude that no single measure of our cognitive test battery robustly captures genetic liability for AD as quantified by current PRS. However, Corsi forward performance and the probability of correcting antisaccade errors may represent promising candidates whose ability to capture genetic liability for AD should be investigated further. Additionally, our finding on TMT-A performance suggests that processing speed represents a sensitive marker of AD genetic risk in old age and supports the processing speed theory of age-related cognitive decline.
Published: 2022
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10. DISTRIBUTION OF SCCMEC TYPES AND VIRULENCE GENES OF MRSA ASSOCIATED WITH HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTION IN A MAJOR MALAYSIAN TERTIARY HOSPITAL

Author: N.A. Nor Amdan, H.F. Zamri, M.R. Mohd Ali, W.A.F. Wan Hamdan, N.S.I. Che Unik, P.H.S. Mohd Rof, R. Hashim, and N. Ahmad
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Intro: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a common cause of hospital-acquired infections (HAI) worldwide. SCCmec elements and an arsenal of virulence factors in their genome contribute to the emergence of antibiotic resistance and highly pathogenic S. aureus that eventually result in significant morbidity and mortality. This study aims to describe genes that are potentially associated with HAI-MRSA occurring in a local major tertiary hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2020 to June 2022. The bacterial strains isolated from various clinical samples were collected from a main tertiary hospital in Kuala Lumpur. These isolates were confirmed as MRSA by MALDI-TOF, coagulase test and antibiotic susceptibility tests. All isolates were screened for virulence genes and typed for SCCmec using multiplex PCR. Findings: A total of 240 clinical MRSA isolates were screened in this study. Majority of the isolates were from blood specimens of patients admitted to the medical department. The prominent virulence genes identified were hlα followed by hlβ. Most of the isolates harboured SCCmec type IV and conferred resistance against cefoxitin (100%), erythromycin (70%), and clindamycin (64%). Discussion: SCCmec type III was previously shown to be the most prominent type globally for HAI. However, epidemiological change of SCCmec type was observed in this study where SCCmec type IV was the most prevalent in our study site. Conclusion: Local surveillance of SCCmec types and virulence genes is pivotal for better characterisation and control of MRSA-associated HAI.
Published: 2023
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11. TB-BIOINFORMATICS FOR THE NON-BIOINFORMATICIAN: A COMPARISON OF FOUR USER-FRIENDLY DRUG-RESISTANCE PREDICTION PIPELINES

Author: H.F. Zamri, N. Ahmad, and I.N. Ruzan
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Intro: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) causes the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people annually. Timely and accurate diagnosis of DRTB is key in controlling this global health threat. Conventional drug susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis is based on culture which can take more than two weeks before a result is obtained. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) approaches have been used to rapidly detect known gene mutations associated with resistance to all drugs directly from a primary culture. The massive amount of WGS data, however, makes analysis a daunting challenge, especially for the nonbioinformatician. Online tools have been developed to predict antibiotic resistance from WGS data easily, enabling routine use of WGS without bioinformatics expertise. Here, we analyse four such tools, three of which are specific for DRTB, and one comprehensive tool covering all bacteria. Methods: Clinical M. tuberculosis cultures with known phenotypic drug susceptibilities were subjected to WGS using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Obtained data were analysed using the following online tools: TB-Profiler, Mykrobe, PhyResSe, and Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD). The sensitivity and specificity of each tool were calculated for first-line antibiotics rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide. Findings: Sensitivity ranged from 83.6% to 100% for rifampicin, 82,4% to 97.1% for isoniazid, 69.2% to 92.3% for ethambutol, and 62.5% to 100% for pyrazinamide. For rifampicin and isoniazid, CARD showed highest sensitivity but lowest specificity. CARD was the most sensitive in predicting rifampicin and isoniazid resistance, however, most of the mutations detected were not specific for M. tuberculosis. All the tools provided mutation data, and all except CARD provided strain genotype. TB-Profiler was the most comprehensive and included other TB-specific genetic analysis as well. Conclusion: User-friendly WGS analysis tools can facilitate in timely diagnosis of DRTB. Although bioinformatics expertise is not required, basic knowledge in M. tuberculosis mutations is essential for making informed-interpretations of the analysed data.
Published: 2023
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12. CHARACTERIZATION OF BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI Β-LACTAM RESISTANT GENES IN MALAYSIAN ISOLATES

Author: R. Arushothy, N. Ahmad, R. Hashim, and S. Nathan
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Intro: Melioidosis is a life-threatening infectious disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei. The recommended treatment for melioidosis requires intravenous β-lactam antibiotics such as ceftazidime and meropenem followed by extended trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole therapy for 3 to 6 months. Despite this, treatment failure is common with high mortality and relapse rates due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. We assessed selected B. pseudomallei genomes for diversity and mutations in β-lactam resistance genes and the correlation with treatment outcome. Methods: A total of 72 B. pseudomallei isolates from patients with bacteraemia were screened for ceftazidime (CAZ), imipenem (IMP), doxycycline (DOX), amoxicillin-clauvulanate (AMC), tetracycline (TET) and trimethoprimsulfamethaxazole (SXT) resistance. The isolates were then subjected to whole genome sequencing and screened for blaOXA variants and mutations within the β-lactamase penA and PBP3 genes. Findings: Of the 72 isolates, 90.5% were sensitive to any of the antimicrobials tested. Only 9.5% were resistant to AMC, CAZ, TET and SXT. Despite this, 71% of the patients had either succumbed to infection or relapsed. β-lactamase gene screens identified three blaOXA variants [oxa-59 (51.4%), oxa-57 (26.4%) and oxa-43 (22.2%)] and mutations in penAT147A, penAI139M as well as PBP3V571-T611del, PBP3K336R and PBP3R464H. Discussion: Phylogenetic tree annotations of the blaOXA variants showed significant clustering within clades and Sequence Types but lacked any significant correlation with patient outcome. The penAT147A and penAI139M mutations were previously reported to confer resistance to CAZ and AMC whereas PBP3V571-T611del, PBP3K336R and PBP3R464H mutations have not been reported previously. Conclusion: Mutations within the β-lactam resistance genes identified in this study did not correlate with the low frequency of β-lactam antimicrobial resistance observed. Nonetheless, high mortality and relapse rates were reported for the Malaysian melioidosis patients. Further analysis of these variants is necessary to understand the association with poor response to treatment.
Published: 2023
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13. PRODUCTION OF SARS-COV-2 MEMBRANE PROTEIN AS BETTER TARGET PROTEIN FOR DIAGNOSTIC APPLICATION

Author: N.A. Mat Rahim, J. Zahidi, N.A. Amir Hashim, N.A. Nor Amdan, H.F. Zamri, M.R. Mohd Ali, R. Mohd Zain, and N. Ahmad
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Intro: The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, an enveloped RNA of the coronavirus family. The advancement in molecular technology and biochemistry has accelerated the development of diagnostic reagents and assays. Much attention has been focused on the S protein, but the high mutation rate in this region could lead to false negative results. Thus, a better target protein for diagnostic application is needed for accurate detection. Methods: Nucleotide sequences encoded for membrane (M) glycoprotein gene region of SARS-CoV-2 from Malaysian isolates were extracted from GISAID, aligned, and selected accordingly. The DNA plasmid was commercially synthesized with codon optimization for Escherichia coli (E. coli), and the presence of the M gene was confirmed by PCR. The plasmid was then transformed into E. coli. Later, the expression of M glycoprotein was induced, separated on an SDS-PAGE gel, and transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane, followed by immunostaining. Findings: The analysis of the M glycoprotein against the Omicron strains demonstrated that the amino acid is conserved (99.5%). The M glycoprotein was successfully expressed and detected with antibodies from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients at ∼26 kDa. The protein is currently upscale for the generation of monoclonal Ab (Mab). Discussion: The M protein of SARS-CoV-2 is more conserved among the virus and also has been reported to confer antigenic properties. Selection of M protein perhaps a better option compared to current detection assays that use spike (S) protein, which could lead to false negative results, as this gene region particularly the ribosome-binding domain (RBD) rapidly undergoes mutations. The utilization of M protein potentially improves negative predictive value (NPV) of the diagnostic test. Conclusion: Further development of diagnostic reagents is needed to improve the assay's specificity. The newly developed M protein and the MAb can be used to generate a more accurate viral detection assay.
Published: 2023
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14. Isolated slow orthostatic tremor of the trunk

Author: N. Ahmad Aziz, Marcus Grobe-Einsler, and Oliver Kaut
Subjects: Slow orthostatic tremor, Essential tremor, Trunk tremor, Propranolol, Primidon, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract: Abstract Slow orthostatic tremor is an extremely rare movement disorder with relatively low-frequency tremor (
Published: 2022
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15. Neurofilament light chain and retinal layers' determinants and association: A population‐based study

Author: Davide Garzone, Robert P. Finger, Matthias M. Mauschitz, Marina L. S. Santos, Monique M. B. Breteler, and N. Ahmad Aziz
Subjects: Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract: Abstract Both retinal atrophy measured through optical coherence tomography and plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels are markers of neurodegeneration, but their relationship is unknown. Therefore, we assessed their determinants and association in 4369 participants of a population‐based study. Both plasma NfL levels and inner retinal atrophy increased exponentially with age. In the presence of risk factors for neurodegeneration (including age, smoking, and a history of neurological disorders), plasma NfL levels were associated with inner retinal atrophy and outer retinal thickening. Our findings indicate that inner retinal atrophy can reflect neuroaxonal damage as mirrored by rising plasma NfL levels.
Published: 2022
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16. Prevalence of physical frailty, including risk factors, up to 1 year after hospitalisation for COVID-19 in the UK: a multicentre, longitudinal cohort studyResearch in context

Author: Hamish J.C. McAuley, Rachael A. Evans, Charlotte E. Bolton, Christopher E. Brightling, James D. Chalmers, Annemarie B. Docherty, Omer Elneima, Paul L. Greenhaff, Ayushman Gupta, Victoria C. Harris, Ewen M. Harrison, Ling-Pei Ho, Alex Horsley, Linzy Houchen-Wolloff, Caroline J. Jolley, Olivia C. Leavy, Nazir I. Lone, William D-C Man, Michael Marks, Dhruv Parekh, Krisnah Poinasamy, Jennifer K. Quint, Betty Raman, Matthew Richardson, Ruth M. Saunders, Marco Sereno, Aarti Shikotra, Amisha Singapuri, Sally J. Singh, Michael Steiner, Ai Lyn Tan, Louise V. Wain, Carly Welch, Julie Whitney, Miles D. Witham, Janet Lord, Neil J. Greening, K. Abel, H. Adamali, D. Adeloye, O. Adeyemi, R. Adrego, L.A. Aguilar Jimenez, S. Ahmad, N. Ahmad Haider, R. Ahmed, N. Ahwireng, M. Ainsworth, B. Al-Sheklly, A. Alamoudi, M. Ali, M. Aljaroof, A.M. All, L. Allan, R.J. Allen, L. Allerton, L. Allsop, P. Almeida, D. Altmann, M. Alvarez Corral, S. Amoils, D. Anderson, C. Antoniades, G. Arbane, A. Arias, C. Armour, L. Armstrong, N. Armstrong, D. Arnold, H. Arnold, A. Ashish, A. Ashworth, M. Ashworth, S. Aslani, H. Assefa-Kebede, C. Atkin, P. Atkin, R. Aul, H. Aung, L. Austin, C. Avram, A. Ayoub, M. Babores, R. Baggott, J. Bagshaw, D. Baguley, L. Bailey, J.K. Baillie, S. Bain, M. Bakali, M. Bakau, E. Baldry, D. Baldwin, M. Baldwin, C. Ballard, A. Banerjee, B. Bang, R.E. Barker, L. Barman, S. Barratt, F. Barrett, D. Basire, N. Basu, M. Bates, A. Bates, R. Batterham, H. Baxendale, H. Bayes, M. Beadsworth, P. Beckett, M. Beggs, M. Begum, P. Beirne, D. Bell, R. Bell, K. Bennett, E. Beranova, A. Bermperi, A. Berridge, C. Berry, S. Betts, E. Bevan, K. Bhui, M. Bingham, K. Birchall, L. Bishop, K. Bisnauthsing, J. Blaikely, A. Bloss, A. Bolger, C.E. Bolton, J. Bonnington, A. Botkai, C. Bourne, M. Bourne, K. Bramham, L. Brear, G. Breen, J. Breeze, A. Briggs, E. Bright, C.E. Brightling, S. Brill, K. Brindle, L. Broad, A. Broadley, C. Brookes, M. Broome, A. Brown, J. Brown, J.S. Brown, M. Brown, V. Brown, T. Brugha, N. Brunskill, M. Buch, P. Buckley, A. Bularga, E. Bullmore, L. Burden, T. Burdett, D. Burn, G. Burns, A. Burns, J. Busby, R. Butcher, A. Butt, S. Byrne, P. Cairns, P.C. Calder, E. Calvelo, H. Carborn, B. Card, C. Carr, L. Carr, G. Carson, P. Carter, A. Casey, M. Cassar, J. Cavanagh, M. Chablani, T. Chalder, J.D. Chalmers, R.C. Chambers, F. Chan, K.M. Channon, K. Chapman, A. Charalambou, N. Chaudhuri, A. Checkley, J. Chen, Y. Cheng, L. Chetham, C. Childs, E.R. Chilvers, H. Chinoy, A. Chiribiri, K. Chong-James, G. Choudhury, N. Choudhury, P. Chowienczyk, C. Christie, M. Chrystal, D. Clark, C. Clark, J. Clarke, S. Clohisey, G. Coakley, Z. Coburn, S. Coetzee, J. Cole, C. Coleman, F. Conneh, D. Connell, B. Connolly, L. Connor, A. Cook, B. Cooper, J. Cooper, S. Cooper, D. Copeland, T. Cosier, M. Coulding, C. Coupland, E. Cox, T. Craig, P. Crisp, D. Cristiano, M.G. Crooks, A. Cross, I. Cruz, P. Cullinan, D. Cuthbertson, L. Daines, M. Dalton, P. Daly, A. Daniels, P. Dark, J. Dasgin, A. David, C. David, E. Davies, F. Davies, G. Davies, G.A. Davies, K. Davies, M.J. Davies, J. Dawson, E. Daynes, A. De Soyza, B. Deakin, A. Deans, C. Deas, J. Deery, S. Defres, A. Dell, K. Dempsey, E. Denneny, J. Dennis, A. Dewar, R. Dharmagunawardena, N. Diar-Bakerly, C. Dickens, A. Dipper, S. Diver, S.N. Diwanji, M. Dixon, R. Djukanovic, H. Dobson, S.L. Dobson, A.B. Docherty, A. Donaldson, T. Dong, N. Dormand, A. Dougherty, R. Dowling, S. Drain, K. Draxlbauer, K. Drury, H.J.C. Drury, P. Dulawan, A. Dunleavy, S. Dunn, C. Dupont, J. Earley, N. Easom, C. Echevarria, S. Edwards, C. Edwardson, H. El-Taweel, A. Elliott, K. Elliott, Y. Ellis, A. Elmer, O. Elneima, D. Evans, H. Evans, J. Evans, R. Evans, R.A. Evans, R.I. Evans, T. Evans, C. Evenden, L. Evison, L. Fabbri, S. Fairbairn, A. Fairman, K. Fallon, D. Faluyi, C. Favager, T. Fayzan, J. Featherstone, T. Felton, J. Finch, S. Finney, J. Finnigan, L. Finnigan, H. Fisher, S. Fletcher, R. Flockton, M. Flynn, H. Foot, D. Foote, A. Ford, D. Forton, E. Fraile, C. Francis, R. Francis, S. Francis, A. Frankel, E. Fraser, R. Free, N. French, X. Fu, J. Fuld, J. Furniss, L. Garner, N. Gautam, J.R. Geddes, J. George, P. George, M. Gibbons, M. Gill, L. Gilmour, F. Gleeson, J. Glossop, S. Glover, N. Goodman, C. Goodwin, B. Gooptu, H. Gordon, T. Gorsuch, M. Greatorex, P.L. Greenhaff, W. Greenhalf, A. Greenhalgh, N.J. Greening, J. Greenwood, H. Gregory, R. Gregory, D. Grieve, D. Griffin, L. Griffiths, A.-M. Guerdette, B. Guillen Guio, M. Gummadi, A. Gupta, S. Gurram, E. Guthrie, Z. Guy, H.H. Henson, K. Hadley, A. Haggar, K. Hainey, B. Hairsine, P. Haldar, I. Hall, L. Hall, M. Halling-Brown, R. Hamil, A. Hancock, K. Hancock, N.A. Hanley, S. Haq, H.E. Hardwick, E. Hardy, T. Hardy, B. Hargadon, K. Harrington, E. Harris, V.C. Harris, E.M. Harrison, P. Harrison, N. Hart, A. Harvey, M. Harvey, M. Harvie, L. Haslam, M. Havinden-Williams, J. Hawkes, N. Hawkings, J. Haworth, A. Hayday, M. Haynes, J. Hazeldine, T. Hazelton, L.G. Heaney, C. Heeley, J.L. Heeney, M. Heightman, S. Heller, M. Henderson, L. Hesselden, M. Hewitt, V. Highett, T. Hillman, T. Hiwot, L.P. Ho, A. Hoare, M. Hoare, J. Hockridge, P. Hogarth, A. Holbourn, S. Holden, L. Holdsworth, D. Holgate, M. Holland, L. Holloway, K. Holmes, M. Holmes, B. Holroyd-Hind, L. Holt, A. Hormis, A. Horsley, A. Hosseini, M. Hotopf, L. Houchen-Wolloff, K. Howard, L.S. Howard, A. Howell, E. Hufton, A.D. Hughes, J. Hughes, R. Hughes, A. Humphries, N. Huneke, E. Hurditch, J. Hurst, M. Husain, T. Hussell, J. Hutchinson, W. Ibrahim, F. Ilyas, J. Ingham, L. Ingram, D. Ionita, K. Isaacs, K. Ismail, T. Jackson, J. Jacob, W.Y. James, W. Jang, C. Jarman, I. Jarrold, H. Jarvis, R. Jastrub, B. Jayaraman, R.G. Jenkins, P. Jezzard, K. Jiwa, C. Johnson, S. Johnson, D. Johnston, C.J. Jolley, D. Jones, G. Jones, H. Jones, I. Jones, L. Jones, M.G. Jones, S. Jones, S. Jose, T. Kabir, G. Kaltsakas, V. Kamwa, N. Kanellakis, S. Kaprowska, Z. Kausar, N. Keenan, S. Kelly, G. Kemp, S. Kerr, H. Kerslake, A.L. Key, F. Khan, K. Khunti, S. Kilroy, B. King, C. King, L. Kingham, J. Kirk, P. Kitterick, P. Klenerman, L. Knibbs, S. Knight, A. Knighton, O. Kon, S. Kon, S.S. Kon, S. Koprowska, A. Korszun, I. Koychev, C. Kurasz, P. Kurupati, C. Laing, H. Lamlum, G. Landers, C. Langenberg, D. Lasserson, L. Lavelle-Langham, A. Lawrie, C. Lawson, A. Layton, A. Lea, O.C. Leavy, D. Lee, J.-H. Lee, E. Lee, K. Leitch, R. Lenagh, D. Lewis, J. Lewis, K.E. Lewis, V. Lewis, N. Lewis-Burke, X. Li, T. Light, L. Lightstone, W. Lilaonitkul, L. Lim, S. Linford, A. Lingford-Hughes, M. Lipman, K. Liyanage, A. Lloyd, S. Logan, D. Lomas, N.I. Lone, R. Loosley, J.M. Lord, H. Lota, W. Lovegrove, A. Lucey, E. Lukaschuk, A. Lye, C. Lynch, S. MacDonald, G. MacGowan, I. Macharia, J. Mackie, L. Macliver, S. Madathil, G. Madzamba, N. Magee, M.M. Magtoto, N. Mairs, N. Majeed, E. Major, F. Malein, M. Malim, G. Mallison, W. D-C Man, S. Mandal, K. Mangion, C. Manisty, R. Manley, K. March, S. Marciniak, P. Marino, M. Mariveles, M. Marks, E. Marouzet, S. Marsh, B. Marshall, M. Marshall, J. Martin, A. Martineau, L.M. Martinez, N. Maskell, D. Matila, W. Matimba-Mupaya, L. Matthews, A. Mbuyisa, S. McAdoo, H. McAllister-Williams, A. McArdle, P. McArdle, D. McAulay, G.P. McCann, J. McCormick, W. McCormick, P. McCourt, L. McGarvey, C. McGee, K. Mcgee, J. McGinness, K. McGlynn, A. McGovern, H. McGuinness, I.B. McInnes, J. McIntosh, E. McIvor, K. McIvor, L. McLeavey, A. McMahon, M.J. McMahon, L. McMorrow, T. Mcnally, M. McNarry, J. McNeill, A. McQueen, H. McShane, C. Mears, C. Megson, S. Megson, P. Mehta, J. Meiring, L. Melling, M. Mencias, D. Menzies, M. Merida Morillas, A. Michael, C. Miller, L. Milligan, C. Mills, G. Mills, N.L. Mills, L. Milner, S. Misra, J. Mitchell, A. Mohamed, N. Mohamed, S. Mohammed, P.L. Molyneaux, W. Monteiro, S. Moriera, A. Morley, L. Morrison, R. Morriss, A. Morrow, A.J. Moss, P. Moss, K. Motohashi, N. Msimanga, E. Mukaetova-Ladinska, U. Munawar, J. Murira, U. Nanda, H. Nassa, M. Nasseri, A. Neal, R. Needham, P. Neill, S. Neubauer, D.E. Newby, H. Newell, T. Newman, J. Newman, A. Newton-Cox, T. Nicholson, D. Nicoll, A. Nikolaidis, C.M. Nolan, M.J. Noonan, C. Norman, P. Novotny, J. Nunag, L. Nwafor, U. Nwanguma, J. Nyaboko, C. O'Brien, K. O'Donnell, D. O'Regan, L. O’Brien, N. Odell, G. Ogg, O. Olaosebikan, C. Oliver, Z. Omar, P.J.M. Openshaw, L. Orriss-Dib, L. Osborne, R. Osbourne, M. Ostermann, C. Overton, J. Owen, J. Oxton, J. Pack, E. Pacpaco, S. Paddick, S. Painter, A. Pakzad, S. Palmer, P. Papineni, K. Paques, K. Paradowski, M. Pareek, D. Parekh, H. Parfrey, C. Pariante, S. Parker, M. Parkes, J. Parmar, S. Patale, B. Patel, M. Patel, S. Patel, D. Pattenadk, M. Pavlides, S. Payne, L. Pearce, J.E. Pearl, D. Peckham, J. Pendlebury, Y. Peng, C. Pennington, I. Peralta, E. Perkins, Z. Peterkin, T. Peto, N. Petousi, J. Petrie, P. Pfeffer, J. Phipps, J. Pimm, K. Piper Hanley, R. Pius, H. Plant, S. Plein, T. Plekhanova, M. Plowright, K. Poinasamy, O. Polgar, L. Poll, J.C. Porter, J. Porter, S. Portukhay, N. Powell, A. Prabhu, J. Pratt, A. Price, C. Price, D. Price, L. Price, A. Prickett, J. Propescu, S. Prosper, S. Pugmire, S. Quaid, J. Quigley, J. Quint, H. Qureshi, I.N. Qureshi, K. Radhakrishnan, N.M. Rahman, M. Ralser, B. Raman, A. Ramos, H. Ramos, J. Rangeley, B. Rangelov, L. Ratcliffe, P. Ravencroft, A. Reddington, R. Reddy, A. Reddy, H. Redfearn, D. Redwood, A. Reed, M. Rees, T. Rees, K. Regan, W. Reynolds, C. Ribeiro, A. Richards, E. Richardson, M. Richardson, P. Rivera-Ortega, K. Roberts, E. Robertson, E. Robinson, L. Robinson, L. Roche, C. Roddis, J. Rodger, A. Ross, G. Ross, J. Rossdale, A. Rostron, A. Rowe, A. Rowland, J. Rowland, M.J. Rowland, S.L. Rowland-Jones, K. Roy, M. Roy, I. Rudan, R. Russell, E. Russell, G. Saalmink, R. Sabit, E.K. Sage, T. Samakomva, N. Samani, C. Sampson, K. Samuel, R. Samuel, A. Sanderson, E. Sapey, D. Saralaya, J. Sargant, C. Sarginson, T. Sass, N. Sattar, K. Saunders, R.M. Saunders, P. Saunders, L.C. Saunders, H. Savill, W. Saxon, A. Sayer, J. Schronce, W. Schwaeble, J.T. Scott, K. Scott, N. Selby, M.G. Semple, M. Sereno, T.A. Sewell, A. Shah, K. Shah, P. Shah, M. Shankar-Hari, M. Sharma, C. Sharpe, M. Sharpe, S. Shashaa, A. Shaw, K. Shaw, V. Shaw, A. Sheikh, S. Shelton, L. Shenton, K. Shevket, A. Shikotra, J. Short, S. Siddique, S. Siddiqui, J. Sidebottom, L. Sigfrid, G. Simons, J. Simpson, N. Simpson, A. Singapuri, C. Singh, S. Singh, S.J. Singh, D. Sissons, J. Skeemer, K. Slack, A. Smith, D. Smith, S. Smith, J. Smith, L. Smith, M. Soares, T.S. Solano, R. Solly, A.R. Solstice, T. Soulsby, D. Southern, D. Sowter, M. Spears, L.G. Spencer, F. Speranza, L. Stadon, S. Stanel, N. Steele, M. Steiner, D. Stensel, G. Stephens, L. Stephenson, M. Stern, I. Stewart, R. Stimpson, S. Stockdale, J. Stockley, W. Stoker, R. Stone, W. Storrar, A. Storrie, K. Storton, E. Stringer, S. Strong-Sheldrake, N. Stroud, C. Subbe, C.L. Sudlow, Z. Suleiman, C. Summers, C. Summersgill, D. Sutherland, D.L. Sykes, R. Sykes, N. Talbot, A.L. Tan, L. Tarusan, V. Tavoukjian, A. Taylor, C. Taylor, J. Taylor, A. Te, H. Tedd, C.J. Tee, J. Teixeira, H. Tench, S. Terry, S. Thackray-Nocera, F. Thaivalappil, B. Thamu, D. Thickett, C. Thomas, D.C. Thomas, S. Thomas, A.K. Thomas, T. Thomas-Woods, T. Thompson, A.A.R. Thompson, T. Thornton, M. Thorpe, R.S. Thwaites, J. Tilley, N. Tinker, G.F. Tiongson, M. Tobin, J. Tomlinson, C. Tong, M. Toshner, R. Touyz, K.A. Tripp, E. Tunnicliffe, A. Turnbull, E. Turner, S. Turner, V. Turner, K. Turner, S. Turney, L. Turtle, H. Turton, J. Ugoji, R. Ugwuoke, R. Upthegrove, J. Valabhji, M. Ventura, J. Vere, C. Vickers, B. Vinson, E. Wade, P. Wade, L.V. Wain, T. Wainwright, L.O. Wajero, S. Walder, S. Walker, E. Wall, T. Wallis, S. Walmsley, J.A. Walsh, S. Walsh, L. Warburton, T.J.C. Ward, K. Warwick, H. Wassall, S. Waterson, E. Watson, L. Watson, J. Watson, J. Weir McCall, C. Welch, H. Welch, B. Welsh, S. Wessely, S. West, H. Weston, H. Wheeler, S. White, V. Whitehead, J. Whitney, S. Whittaker, B. Whittam, V. Whitworth, A. Wight, J. Wild, M. Wilkins, D. Wilkinson, B. Williams, N. Williams, J. Williams, S.A. Williams-Howard, M. Willicombe, G. Willis, J. Willoughby, A. Wilson, D. Wilson, I. Wilson, N. Window, M. Witham, R. Wolf-Roberts, C. Wood, F. Woodhead, J. Woods, D.G. Wootton, J. Wormleighton, J. Worsley, D. Wraith, C. Wrey Brown, C. Wright, L. Wright, S. Wright, J. Wyles, I. Wynter, M. Xu, N. Yasmin, S. Yasmin, T. Yates, K.P. Yip, B. Young, S. Young, A. Young, A.J. Yousuf, A. Zawia, L. Zeidan, B. Zhao, B. Zheng, and O. Zongo
Subjects: COVID-19, Physical frailty, Long-COVID, Fried's frailty phenotype, Hospitalisation, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Summary: Background: The scale of COVID-19 and its well documented long-term sequelae support a need to understand long-term outcomes including frailty. Methods: This prospective cohort study recruited adults who had survived hospitalisation with clinically diagnosed COVID-19 across 35 sites in the UK (PHOSP-COVID). The burden of frailty was objectively measured using Fried's Frailty Phenotype (FFP). The primary outcome was the prevalence of each FFP group—robust (no FFP criteria), pre-frail (one or two FFP criteria) and frail (three or more FFP criteria)—at 5 months and 1 year after discharge from hospital. For inclusion in the primary analysis, participants required complete outcome data for three of the five FFP criteria. Longitudinal changes across frailty domains are reported at 5 months and 1 year post-hospitalisation, along with risk factors for frailty status. Patient-perceived recovery and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were retrospectively rated for pre-COVID-19 and prospectively rated at the 5 month and 1 year visits. This study is registered with ISRCTN, number ISRCTN10980107. Findings: Between March 5, 2020, and March 31, 2021, 2419 participants were enrolled with FFP data. Mean age was 57.9 (SD 12.6) years, 933 (38.6%) were female, and 429 (17.7%) had received invasive mechanical ventilation. 1785 had measures at both timepoints, of which 240 (13.4%), 1138 (63.8%) and 407 (22.8%) were frail, pre-frail and robust, respectively, at 5 months compared with 123 (6.9%), 1046 (58.6%) and 616 (34.5%) at 1 year. Factors associated with pre-frailty or frailty were invasive mechanical ventilation, older age, female sex, and greater social deprivation. Frail participants had a larger reduction in HRQoL compared with before their COVID-19 illness and were less likely to describe themselves as recovered. Interpretation: Physical frailty and pre-frailty are common following hospitalisation with COVID-19. Improvement in frailty was seen between 5 and 12 months although two-thirds of the population remained pre-frail or frail. This suggests comprehensive assessment and interventions targeting pre-frailty and frailty beyond the initial illness are required. Funding: UK Research and Innovation and National Institute for Health Research.
Published: 2023
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17. Elemental composition of Talang Queenfish (Scomberoides commersonnianus Lacépède, 1801) in relation to body size and condition factor from Pakistan

Author: S. M. Azam, M. Naeem, N. Ahmad, R. Yaqoob, M. Khalid, and V. Lal
Subjects: marine fish, Scomberoides commersonnianus, metal concentrations, fish size, condition factor, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Zoology, QL1-991, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Abstract Fish is thought to be the most appropriate for indication of toxicity in water. So, purpose of present study was to determine the concentrations of few metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cd, Pb and Zn) in relation to the body size and condition factor in Scomberoides commersonnianus. A total of 73 samples of marine fish, S. commersonnianus with various sizes that ranged from 93.4-1180 g of body weight and total length 20.5-56.9cm were randomly collected from the Arabian Sea of Karachi Pakistan, for examination of elemental composition. The concentration of Calcium found maximum while Cadmium found minimum in S. commersonnianus. Concentrations of Zn showed highly significant (P0.05) with the fish size. Condition factor showed highly significant correlation (P0.05) with condition factor of S. commersonnianus.
Published: 2022
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18. Size at sexual maturity estimation for 36 species captured by bottom and mid-water trawls from the marine habitat of Balochistan and Sindh in the Arabian Sea, Pakistan, using maximum length (Lmax) and logistic (L50) models

Author: H. U. Hassan, Z. Mawa, N. Ahmad, T. Zulfiqar, M. Sohail, H. Ahmad, H. Yaqoob, M. Bilal, M. A. Rahman, N. Ullah, M. Y. Hossain, A. Habib, and T. Arai
Subjects: size at first sexual maturity, selected habitat, coastline, Pakistan, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Zoology, QL1-991, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Abstract The aim of this study was to estimate the size at first sexual maturity (Lm) for 36 species belonging to 24 families from the marine habitat of Balochistan and Sindh in Arabian Sea, Pakistan through maximum length based an empirical and logistic model using commercial catch during June 2020 to May 2021. Individual total length (TL) was noted up to 0.1 cm using measuring broad. The Lm was calculated using two formulae; (i) log (Lm) = - 0.1246 + 0.9924 * log (Lmax) for Elasmobranchs and (ii) log (Lm) = -0.1189 + 0.9157* log (Lmax) for ray-finned fishes. The minimum Lm was recorded as 10.27 cm TL for Caranx malabaricus and 108.38 cm TL for Isurus oxyrinchus, respectively. Around Lm with 58.33% species were ranges from 19.00 cm to 25.00 cm TL. This study was estimated 16 newly Lm which is globally absent and rest 20 Lm are absent in the Arabian Sea (Pakistan coastal habitats). Therefore, the results will be helpful for the sustainable management and conservation of these marine fishes through the establishment of mesh size of trawl nets based on the size at sexual maturity (Lm).
Published: 2022
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19. Seroprevalence and correlates of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies from a population-based study in Bonn, Germany

Author: N. Ahmad Aziz, Victor M. Corman, Antje K. C. Echterhoff, Marcel A. Müller, Anja Richter, Antonio Schmandke, Marie Luisa Schmidt, Thomas H. Schmidt, Folgerdiena M. de Vries, Christian Drosten, and Monique M. B. Breteler
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Population-based studies of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence are needed to understand levels of immunity and antibody dynamics. Here, the authors show that the seroprevalence in Bonn, Germany was low (
Published: 2021
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20. Disease severity-specific neutrophil signatures in blood transcriptomes stratify COVID-19 patients

Author: Anna C. Aschenbrenner, Maria Mouktaroudi, Benjamin Krämer, Marie Oestreich, Nikolaos Antonakos, Melanie Nuesch-Germano, Konstantina Gkizeli, Lorenzo Bonaguro, Nico Reusch, Kevin Baßler, Maria Saridaki, Rainer Knoll, Tal Pecht, Theodore S. Kapellos, Sarandia Doulou, Charlotte Kröger, Miriam Herbert, Lisa Holsten, Arik Horne, Ioanna D. Gemünd, Nikoletta Rovina, Shobhit Agrawal, Kilian Dahm, Martina van Uelft, Anna Drews, Lena Lenkeit, Niklas Bruse, Jelle Gerretsen, Jannik Gierlich, Matthias Becker, Kristian Händler, Michael Kraut, Heidi Theis, Simachew Mengiste, Elena De Domenico, Jonas Schulte-Schrepping, Lea Seep, Jan Raabe, Christoph Hoffmeister, Michael ToVinh, Verena Keitel, Gereon Rieke, Valentina Talevi, Dirk Skowasch, N. Ahmad Aziz, Peter Pickkers, Frank L. van de Veerdonk, Mihai G. Netea, Joachim L. Schultze, Matthijs Kox, Monique M. B. Breteler, Jacob Nattermann, Antonia Koutsoukou, Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Thomas Ulas, and German COVID-19 Omics Initiative (DeCOI)
Subjects: COVID-19, Blood transcriptomics, Transcriptome, Co-expression analysis, Stratification, Molecular disease phenotypes, Medicine, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract: Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is currently leading to increasing numbers of COVID-19 patients all over the world. Clinical presentations range from asymptomatic, mild respiratory tract infection, to severe cases with acute respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, and death. Reports on a dysregulated immune system in the severe cases call for a better characterization and understanding of the changes in the immune system. Methods In order to dissect COVID-19-driven immune host responses, we performed RNA-seq of whole blood cell transcriptomes and granulocyte preparations from mild and severe COVID-19 patients and analyzed the data using a combination of conventional and data-driven co-expression analysis. Additionally, publicly available data was used to show the distinction from COVID-19 to other diseases. Reverse drug target prediction was used to identify known or novel drug candidates based on finding from data-driven findings. Results Here, we profiled whole blood transcriptomes of 39 COVID-19 patients and 10 control donors enabling a data-driven stratification based on molecular phenotype. Neutrophil activation-associated signatures were prominently enriched in severe patient groups, which was corroborated in whole blood transcriptomes from an independent second cohort of 30 as well as in granulocyte samples from a third cohort of 16 COVID-19 patients (44 samples). Comparison of COVID-19 blood transcriptomes with those of a collection of over 3100 samples derived from 12 different viral infections, inflammatory diseases, and independent control samples revealed highly specific transcriptome signatures for COVID-19. Further, stratified transcriptomes predicted patient subgroup-specific drug candidates targeting the dysregulated systemic immune response of the host. Conclusions Our study provides novel insights in the distinct molecular subgroups or phenotypes that are not simply explained by clinical parameters. We show that whole blood transcriptomes are extremely informative for COVID-19 since they capture granulocytes which are major drivers of disease severity.
Published: 2021
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21. Proof of Pseudonym: Blockchain-Based Privacy Preserving Protocol for Intelligent Transport System

Author: S. Johar, N. Ahmad, A. Durrani, and G. Ali
Subjects: Blockchain, proof of work, proof of kernel work, proof of elapsed time, proof of pseudonym, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract: Intelligent Transportation System is the future for safe and secure transportation. Vehicles in the ITS share basic safety information which can prompt the disclosure of the real identity of the vehicles. Thus, adversaries can misuse these safety messages. Pseudonyms are alias granted to vehicles by trusted authorities to conceal their original identities. To avoid linkability, various pseudonym generation and distribution protocols have been proposed. Such protocols pose overheads in the system as they are performed by Central Authorities. Therefore, re- utilizing the existing pseudonyms through shuffling is the most optimal mechanism for ITS. The Blockchain is a digital ledger and tamper-resistant record of transactions. It eliminates the need for central authority as well as provides anonymity of transactions resulting in more secure and privacy-protected solutions. To handle distribution optimization issues in the pseudonym shuffling process without a central authority, the blockchain is used with its distributed consensus. The shuffling results are logged in blocks as transactions. Pseudonym shuffle randomness is achieved via blockchain and it provides robustness in the structure. When one system fails, the rest would continue to work. The method also provides a fully traceable record in case of certification revocation. The existing blockchain-based pseudonym shuffling mechanism uses traditional consensus algorithms to support the cryptography operation. This leads to overhead in terms of execution time and memory usage. This research proposes Proof of Pseudonym consensus protocol for the shuffling scheme to improve the efficiency of consensus as compared to Proof of Work, Proof of Kernel Work and, Proof of Elapsed Time in terms of time and memory. The execution time of Proof of Pseudonym is shorter than other algorithms. The security and privacy analysis revealed that our scheme achieves identity privacy, unlinkability, and non-repudiation properties. Threat analysis evaluates the proposed protocol in terms of both internal and external attacks.
Published: 2021
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22. The effect of layering structures on mechanical and thermal properties of hybrid bacterial cellulose/Kevlar reinforced epoxy composites

Author: R.A.A. Rusdi, N.A. Halim, N.M. Nurazzi, Z.H.Z. Abidin, N. Abdullah, F.C. Ros, N. Ahmad, and A.F.M. Azmi
Subjects: Bacterial cellulose, DMA, Layering structure, Low velocity impact, Kevlar, Polymer composites, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract: The effect of layering structures on mechanical and thermal hybrid bacterial cellulose (BC) sheet/Kevlar reinforced epoxy composites was investigated. The BC sheet was extracted from Nata de Coco and used as green reinforcement material hybrid with Kevlar reinforced epoxy composites. The BC/Kevlar reinforced epoxy composite was fabricated by using hand lay-up technique equipped with vacuum bagging system and the BC sheets and Kevlar layers were laminated into different layered structures. The performance of the hybrid BC/Kevlar reinforced epoxy composites was characterized through tensile test and low velocity impact according to ASTM D3039 and ASTM D7136, respectively. The thermal performance of the hybrid composites was characterized by using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) test. Tensile test on BC sheet composites with Kevlar and epoxy demonstrated that the addition of BC sheet in BC/Kevlar could not withstand the tensor stress by reducing the tensile stress and Young's modulus. The one layer of Kevlar which was replaced with three to six BC sheets had increased the ability to absorb impact force. The storage modulus (E′) and Tan δ were significantly dependent on the number of BC sheets and its layering structure. The highest value of E′ was observed when BC sheets were arranged alternately with the Kevlar layers. Different damage mechanisms associated with the number of BC sheets and its layered-structure suggested that the BC sheet was functioning as an impact energy absorber as well as strengthening fibers. This study will upsurge interest in BC reinforced composites and the development of new ideas in automotive, marine and bullet applications.
Published: 2022
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23. Evaluation of automated monitoring calving prediction in dairy buffaloes a new tool for calving management

Author: R. A. Quddus, N. Ahmad, A. Khalique, and J. A. Bhatti
Subjects: calving predication, buffaloes, NEDAP logger technology, automated monitored prepartum behaviors, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Zoology, QL1-991, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Abstract Buffalo is one of the leading milk-producing dairy animals. Its production and reproduction are affected due to some factors including inadequate monitoring around parturition, which cause economic losses like delayed birth process, increased risk of stillbirth, etc. The appropriate calving monitoring is essential for dairy herd management. Therefore, we designed a study its aim was, to predict the calving based on automated machine measured prepartum behaviors in buffaloes. The data were collected from n=40 pregnant buffaloes of 2nd to 5th parity, which was synchronized. The NEDAP neck and leg logger tag was attached to each buffalo at 30 days before calving and automatically collected feeding, rumination, lying, standing, no. of steps, no. of switches from standing to lying (lying bouts) and total motion activity. All behavioral data were reduced to -10 days before the calving date for statistical analysis to use mixed model procedure and ANOVA. Results showed that feeding and rumination time significantly (P0.05) of parity in buffaloes. Neural network analysis for combined variables from NEDAP technology at the daily level yielded 100.0% sensitivity and 98% specificity. In conclusion NEDAP technology can be used to measured behavioral changes -10 day before calving as it can serve as a useful guide in the prediction calving date in the buffaloes.
Published: 2022
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24. Acaricide resistance in Boophilus microplus ticks collected from two ecological Zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Author: M. Qasim, M. A. Hafeez, N. Ahmad, A. A. Anjum, and M. Oneeb
Subjects: acaricides, resistance, ecological zones, deltamethrin, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan, Rhipicephalus microplus, trichlorfon, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Zoology, QL1-991, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Abstract Boophilus microplus is a major cattle tick specie causing great economic loss to the dairy industry throughout the globe including Pakistan. Trichlorfon and Deltamethrin are used to control bovine ticks, and their sprays are also used in other pest control programs that exert pressure on ticks to gain resistance. This study is aimed to examine the resistance level of Rhipiciphalus microplus against trichlorfon and deltamethrin. The engorged ticks were collected from two ecological regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, KPK Pakistan i.e., Swat & Dir (zone-1), and Charsadda & Nowshera (zone-2). Four concentrations of acaricides in two-fold and ten-fold ppm with three replicates for each were used in both bioassays. Egg hatch assay and adult immersion tests were used to assess the resistance status. The probit analysis of egg hatch assay showed the highest hatching percentage in zone 1 on both dilutions (67-76% on two-fold and 68-88% on ten-fold dilution) while lethal concentration (LC95) was found to be 2.187 ppm and discriminating dose (DD) as 4.374 ppm for trichlorfon. In zone 2, hatching percentage was 73-84 on two-fold and 72-91% on ten-fold dilution while LC95 was recorded as 0.599 ppm and DD as 1.198 ppm. The same parameters were studied for deltamethrin and in zone 1 the hatching percentage was found as 38-56% on two-fold dilution and 37-80% on ten-fold dilution while LC95 was recorded as 0.001 ppm and DD as 0.002 ppm. In zone 2, the hatchability was recorded as 42-58% on two-fold and 43-85% on ten-fold dilution. The values for LC95 was recorded as 0.001 ppm and DD as 0.002 ppm. Further, analysis of adult immersion test against trichlorfon revealed the values of LC50 as 2.85 ppm and LC95 as 4.71 ppm in zone 1 and in zone 2 as 3.14 ppm and 5.28 ppm, respectively. Similarly, LC50 and LC95 against deltamethrin was recorded as 0.79 ppm & 1.71 ppm in zone 1 and 0.45 ppm & 4.325 ppm in zone 2, respectively. Based on the findings of this study, the isolated Rhipicephalus microplus was found to be more resistant to the widely used acaricides i.e., trichlorfon than deltamethrin. In order to maintain the efficacy of acaricides at country level, the study recommends continuous monitoring of resistance.
Published: 2022
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25. EXPLORATORY STUDY OF 3D POINT CLOUD TRIANGULATION FOR SMART CITY MODELLING AND VISUALIZATION

Author: S. A. M. Ariff, S. Azri, U. Ujang, A. A. M. Nasir, N. Ahmad Fuad, and H. Karim
Subjects: Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract: The current trends of 3D scanning technologies allow us to acquire accurate 3D data of large-scale environment efficiently. The 3D data of large-scale environments is essential when generating 3D model is for the visualization of smart cities. For the seamless visualization of 3D model, large data size will be used during the 3D data acquisition. However, the processing time for large data size is time consuming and requires suitable hardware specification. In this study, different hardware capability in processing large data of 3D point cloud for mesh generation is investigated. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Airborne and Mobile Mapping System (MMS) are used as data input and processed using Bentley ContextCapture software. The study is conducted in Malaysia, specifically in Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur and Selangor with the size of 49 km2. Several analyses have been performed to analyse the software and hardware specification based on the 3D mesh model generated. From the finding, we have suggested the most suitable hardware specification for 3D mesh model generation.
Published: 2020
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26. THE INFLUENCE OF BEHAVIORAL FINANCE ON THE DECISION OF INVESTORS: EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION FROM PAKISTAN STOCK EXCHANGE

Author: F. Mumtaz and N. Ahmad
Subjects: behavioral finance, overconfidence bias, representativeness bias, availability bias., Economics as a science, HB71-74, Marketing. Distribution of products, HF5410-5417.5, Finance, HG1-9999, Accounting. Bookkeeping, HF5601-5689
Abstract: A high rate of return on the investment is crucially dependent on rational investment decision making because rational investment decision ensures the successful return of an investment, especially in stocks. Investment decision making is affected by many factors; most of them are related to psychological and behavioural. Since it is difficult to make rational decisions about investment, researchers are try-ing to discover the factors that influence the investor’s behaviour about decision making. For the rational estimation of success rate in stocks, investors have tried many traditional methods but reached on unsatisfactory results. However, Behavioral Finance has addressed this issue and discovered the most crucial factors that may affect the investment decision making. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the influence of the factors of behavioural finance that affect decision making in the stock exchange. Three factors have been selected and used to gauge the impact on investment decision making. These factors include; overconfidence bias, representativeness bias, and availability bias. A structured close-ended questionnaire has been used to collect the data, and data was collected from 211 respondents who are investors on Karachi stock exchange. To analyze the collected data, multiple linear regression (MLR) model has been used. The result of this study shows that all three independent variables have a significant impact on investment decision making. Moreover, the relationship is positive between the independent and dependent variables. Therefore, it can be concluded that the null hypothesis is rejected. This study will assist investors to make decisions rationally in the stock market.
Published: 2020
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27. Seismic hazard maps of Peshawar District for various return periods

Author: K. Mahmood, N. Ahmad, U. Khan, and Q. Iqbal
Subjects: Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of Peshawar District has been performed for a grid size of 0.01∘. The seismic sources for the target location are defined as the area polygon with uniform seismicity. The earthquake catalogue was developed based on the earthquake data obtained from different worldwide seismological networks and historical records. The earthquake events obtained at different magnitude scales were converted into moment magnitude using indigenous catalogue-specific regression relationships. The homogenized catalogue was subdivided into shallow crustal and deep-subduction-zone earthquake events. The seismic source parameters were obtained using the bounded Gutenberg–Richter recurrence law. Seismic hazard maps were prepared for peak horizontal acceleration at bedrock level using different ground motion attenuation relationships. The study revealed the selection of an appropriate ground motion prediction equation is crucial for defining the seismic hazard of Peshawar District. The inclusion of deep subduction earthquakes does not add significantly to the seismic hazard for design base ground motions. The seismic hazard map developed for shallow crustal earthquakes, including also the epistemic uncertainty, was in close agreement with the map given in the Building Code of Pakistan Seismic Provisions (2007) for a return period of 475 years on bedrock. The seismic hazard maps for other return periods i.e., 50, 100, 250, 475 and 2500 years, are also presented.
Published: 2020
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28. A case series of patients, including a consultant rhinologist, who all experienced a loss of smell associated with confirmed or suspected COVID-19

Author: David E.J. Whitehead, Christine Kelly, and N. Ahmad
Subjects: anosmia, autonomic dysfunction, autonomic nervous system, coronavirus, covid-19, heart rate variability, hyposmia, olfactory loss, smell training, snot-22, Otorhinolaryngology, RF1-547
Abstract: Background: Non-invasive detection of carriers of COVID-19 virus remains elusive. A decrease in sense of smell appears to be a potential marker of the disease. However, it is not the most frequently reported complaint and there may be more novel early markers of disease. Methodology: We present a case series of patients, including a consultant rhinologist who all experienced a loss of smell associated with confirmed or suspected COVID-19. Results: A consultant rhinologist presented with a delayed sudden onset anosmia, four days after testing positive for coronavirus whilst also exhibiting evidence of autonomic dysfunction prior to rRT-PCR diagnosis and during the time period during which smell suddenly deteriorated. Sudden loss of smell can occur within a 3-hour window and a transient increase in SNOT-22 score was also noted at the time of loss. Conclusions: Transient hyposmia or anosmia appear to be an early warning sign or marker symptom associated with COVID-19. Smell can be lost rapidly but appears to recover for many. For others a variety of novel treatments exist. There may be more sensitive or specific signs associated with the disease.
Published: 2020
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29. Axial transonic compressor performance enhancement with circumferential grooves

Author: N. Ahmad, Q. Zheng, H. Fawzy, T. Yaqoob, S. Abdu Ahmad, and J. Bin
Subjects: Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Abstract: Casing treatment has been broadly used as a prudent passive flow control technique to improve the stall margin with a small drop in efficiency. The effect of grooves in certain details is overlooked however, different grooves shape (angels and location) has a remarkable effect on the controlling impact. In the current research work, an investigation on the effect of fillet and chamfer corners of rectangular circumferential grooves with various tip gap height on the performance of casing treatment is carried out with the help of CFD simulation. The performance of different models of grooves with various tip gap height on NASA rotor 37 is investigated by discretizing 3D RANS equations based on finite volume technique. Rectangular circumferential grooves casing treatment (CGCT) profile and smooth wall casing performances are evaluated. Moreover, the adiabatic efficiencies and the stall margins of smooth wall casing, rectangular grooves and rectangular grooves with fillet and chamfer corners are compared to assess the impacts of profiles of grooves on the stability and performance of axial flow compressor with different tip gaps. The stall margin of models 1–6 increased by 4.39 %, 2.52 %, 2.16 %, 1.75 %, 1.69 % and 2.06 % respectively. While the adiabatic efficiency of the models 1–6 decreased by 0.9 %, 1.01 %, 1.08 %, 1.12 %, 1.22 % and 1.16 % respectively.
Published: 2020
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30. Narrow band based and broadband derived vegetation indices using Sentinel-2 Imagery to estimate vegetation biomass

Author: A.B. Imran, K. Khan, N. Ali, N. Ahmad, A. Ali, and K. Shah
Subjects: red-edge (re), red-edge normalized difference vegetation index (rendvi), sentien-2, sentinel-2 red-edge position (s2rep), Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract: Forest’s ecosystem is one of the most important carbon sink of the terrestrial ecosystem. Remote sensing technology provides robust techniques to estimate biomass and solve challenges in forest resource assessment. The present study explored the potential of Sentinel-2 bands to estimate biomass and comparatively analyzed of red-edge band based and broadband derived vegetation indices. Broadband indices include normalized difference vegetation index, modified simple ratio and atmospherically resistant VI. Whereas, red-edge band indices include two red-edge normalized difference vegetation index and sentinel-2 red-edge position. Results showed that red-edge band derived spectral indices have performed better than the Broadband indices. The coefficient of correlation for normalized difference vegetation index, modified simple ratio and atmospherically resistant-VI was 0.51, 0.44 and 0.31 respectively, On the other hand, red-edge band indices showed higher correlation of R2 0.62, 0.64 and 0.55, respectively. Similarly, in stepwise regression red-edge normalized difference vegetation index (using band 6) was selected in final model (as overall R2 of the model was 0.60) while all other indices were removed because they have non-significant relationship with the biomass. Accuracy assessment shown the red-edge index has highest R2 (0.64) and least error of (31.29 t/ha) and therefore the study concluded that narrowband indices performed better to estimate biomass and thus final model contained only red-edge index to predict biomass over the study area. The study suggests that more in-depth research should be conducted to explore further properties of red-edge indices for vegetation parameters prediction.
Published: 2020
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31. Long-term effects of telemonitoring on healthcare usage in patients with heart failure or COPD

Author: Jorien M.M. van der Burg, N. Ahmad Aziz, Maurits C. Kaptein, Martine J.M. Breteler, Joris H. Janssen, Lisa van Vliet, Daniel Winkeler, Anneke van Anken, Marise J. Kasteleyn, and Niels H. Chavannes
Subjects: Heart failure, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), Telemonitoring, Remote patient monitoring (RPM), Home monitoring, Home telemonitoring, Medicine
Abstract: Background: Heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are leading causes of disability and lead to substantial healthcare costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of home telemonitoring in reducing healthcare usage and costs in patients with heart failure or COPD. Methods: The study was a retrospective observational study with a follow-up duration of up to 3 years in which for all participants data before and after enrollment in the telemonitoring program was compared. Hundred seventy-seven patients with heart failure (NYHA functional class 3 or 4) and 83 patients with COPD (GOLD stage 3 or 4) enrolled in a home telemonitoring program in addition to receiving usual hospital care. The primary outcome was the number of hospitalizations; the secondary outcomes were total number of hospitalization days and healthcare costs during the follow-up period. Generalized Estimating Equations were applied to account for repeated measurements, adjusting for sex, age and length of follow-up. Results: In heart failure patients, after initiation of home telemonitoring both the number of hospitalizations and the total number of hospitalization days significantly decreased (incidence rate ratio of 0.35 (95% CI: 0.26–0.48) and 0.35 (95% CI: 0.24–0.51), respectively), as did the total healthcare costs (exp(B) = 0.11 (95% CI: 0.08–0.17)), all p
Published: 2020
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32. Performance Enhancement of a Transonic Axial Flow Compressor with Circumferential Casing Grooves to Improve the Stall Margin

Author: N. Ahmad, J. Bin, Z. Qun, S. Abdu Ahmad, and H. Fawzy
Subjects: Numerical simulation, Axial compressor, Circumferential grooves, Adiabatic efficiency, Stall margin., Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570
Abstract: The stability range of the gas turbine engine compressors is being challenged in the modern days due to the intention of increasing per stage maximum loading. Casing treatment has been widely adopted as a realistic passive flow control means to improve the stall margin with a slight decrease of efficiency at the same time by various grooves of which shape (location, angles and so on) has a significant influence on controlling effect. However, the influence of some details in grooves is ignored in most of the case that may impact the specific flow field in the groove. A research on the impact of chamfer and fillet corners on the performance of casing treatment was proceeded by numerical simulation in this paper. The performance of different models of grooves on NASA Rotor 37 was investigated by discretizing 3D RANS based on finite volume method. Firstly, steady simulations were performed on NASA rotor 37 for validation. The CFD results and experimental data for adiabatic efficiency and pressure ratio were in good agreement. According to convergence criteria, the initiation of the stall was predicted. Few numbers of circumferential grooves casing treatment (CGCT) models have been proposed and tested numerically. Rectangular CGCT shape and smooth wall casing performances were analyzed. Moreover, the highest adiabatic efficiencies and stall margins of smooth wall casing, rectangular grooves and rectangular grooves with chamfer and fillet corners shapes models were compared to evaluate the influence of the shape of grooves on the stability and performance on axial flow compressor. The rectangular circumferential casing grooves and rectangular grooves with chamfer and fillet corners enhanced significantly stall margin and an operational range of the transonic axial flow compressor but adiabatic efficiency was slightly decreased.
Published: 2020

33. Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis from Human and Food in Malaysia

Author: N.H. Abd Hazis, N. Ahmad, Z. Zakaria, L. Hassan, Z. Sharif, R. Mohd Ali, S. Amir Husin, N. Mohamed Sohaimi, S. Abu Bakar, and G. Bashiru
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Purpose: Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is one of the most common serovars, associated with human salmonellosis worldwide and in Malaysia. Human S.Enteritidis cases are mostly associated with the consumption of poultry meat and contaminated eggs. However, there was limited data on the transmission of S. Enteritidis via the food chain in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic relatedness between S. Enteritidis strains isolated from human and food in central region of Peninsular Malaysia. Methods & Materials: A total of 53 S. Enteritidis strains from human and food samples were collected and processed. Serovar Enteritidis were determined based on the antigenic structure of both somatic (O) antigen, flagellar (H) and capsular (Vi) antigens using slide agglutination with commercially produced antisera according to the Kauffmann–White Scheme. All isolates were subjected to Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) using XbaI restriction enzyme. PFGE results were analyzed by bioinformatic software (FPQuest). Cluster analysis of the Dice similarity co-efficient was based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) and dendrogram was generated to describe the relationship among isolates. Results: PFGE analysis generated 27 unique patterns known as pulsotypes. Each pulsotype consisted of 9 to 13 DNA fragments with size ranging from 30kb to 1500kb. Cluster analysis based on a Dice Coefficient of 0.5 and a similarity index of 90% grouped the pulsotypes into 5 main clusters (A-E) whereas the remaining 8 pulsotypes were singletons. Cluster D consisted isolates from both human and food sources was the largest, most predominant and endemic in Malaysia. Conclusion: PFGE results showed that S. Enteritidis in this study were genetically heterogenous and diverse. Sharing a similar pulsotype between human and food isolates indicating the close genetic relationship between the two sources and suggested foods such as chicken meat and ready-eat-food do play a role as a vehicle in transmission of S. Enteritidis isolates to human.
Published: 2022
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34. Tricycle Project – One Health approach: Whole genome sequencing(WGS) of Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Eschericia (E.) coli derived from human, food chain and environment

Author: R. Hashim, S. Amir Husin, N. Ahmad, N. Bahari, N. Abu, R. Mohd Ali, N.H.F. Hashim, P. Ramasamy, M.R. Hassan Saberi, L. Yee Laine, F. Abdul Rashid, N.A. Abd Rasid, and S. Chun Paul
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Purpose: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenomenon is a global health issue. The surging of resistant infections is pushing up costs of treatment, leading to difficulty in treating infections, worse clinical outcomes f and severe economic loss. AMR is not limited to human health. The problem also has impacts on animal husbandry practices resulting in similarly higher costs for treatment and animal-origin food production. Effort to address this requires a One Health-holistic and multisectoral approach, as resistant bacteria arising in humans, animals or the environment may spread from one to another leading to bigger threat.One-health approach pilot project was established as integrated surveillance system to monitor ESBL E.coli in three main areas of concern; human (hospital and community), food, and the environment based on a global protocol. The use of ESBL producing E coli as a single indicator for Gram-negative resistance was adopted from European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network. Methods & Materials: Ninety- eight ESBL producing E.coli were selected for whole genome analysis using Nextera® XT DNA Library Preparation kit (Illumina®, USA).Twenty-five isolated were derived from hospitalized patients, seven from community Health Clinics, 46 isolates were from chicken ceca samples representing food chain and 20 were from water samples. Results were analyze using Resfinder 3.2, Multi-Locus Sequence Typing 2.0 and CSI phylogeny 1.4. Results: The strains isolated were diverse with 51 different ST identified. ST45 (5/98 5%) was the predominant type, however ST3 was more widely distributed, detected among hospital strains and food chain sector. Nineteen new clones were identified. Single nucleotide polymorphism phylogenetic analysis of core genomes revealed that all organisms were interrelated. Majority of the isolates harbored ESBL blaCTX-M-33 gene (n=76)(76%). In addition, some isolates also harbored carbapenemases resistant gene; blaOXA1 (n=5)(5%), blaOXA2 (n=10)(10%) and colistin resistant gene; blaMCR1(n=40)(40%) and blaMCR3(n=4)(4%). Conclusion: Isolates derived from all three sources were interrelated. The concept of one-health approach is very important in understanding the spread as well as combating antimicrobial resistance.
Published: 2022
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35. The Molecular Basis of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7

Author: Rituparna Goswami, Abudu I. Bello, Joe Bean, Kara M. Costanzo, Bwaar Omer, Dayanne Cornelio-Parra, Revan Odah, Amit Ahluwalia, Shefaa K. Allan, Nghi Nguyen, Taylor Shores, N. Ahmad Aziz, and Ryan D. Mohan
Subjects: ATXN7, USP22, SAGA complex, polyglutamine expansion, deubiquitination, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) type 7 (SCA7) is caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the ataxin 7 (ATXN7) gene, which results in polyglutamine expansion at the amino terminus of the ATXN7 protein. Although ATXN7 is expressed widely, the best characterized symptoms of SCA7 are remarkably tissue specific, including blindness and degeneration of the brain and spinal cord. While it is well established that ATXN7 functions as a subunit of the Spt Ada Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) chromatin modifying complex, the mechanisms underlying SCA7 remain elusive. Here, we review the symptoms of SCA7 and examine functions of ATXN7 that may provide further insights into its pathogenesis. We also examine phenotypes associated with polyglutamine expanded ATXN7 that are not considered symptoms of SCA7.
Published: 2022
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36. Effects of Se nanoparticles supplementation on growth performance, hematological parameters and nutrient digestibility of Labeo rohita fingerling fed sunflower meal based diet

Author: N. Ahmad, S. M. Hussain, S. M. Azam, M. M. Shahzad, A. Noureen, R. Yaqoob, M. Lateef, A. Yawer, D. Riaz, A. Usman, M. Faizan, S. Hassan, A. Ishtiaq, P. Riaz, A. Ali, F. Amin, M. Imran, R. Kausar, M. Ahmed, W. Bashir, M. Adnan, A. Siddique, M. Farooq, and S. Ahmad
Subjects: selenium nanoparticle, hematology, nutrients digestibility, L. rohita, growth, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Zoology, QL1-991, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Abstract The aim of the present study is to assess the effects of selenium nanoparticles on the growth, hematology and nutrients digestibility of Labeorohita fingerlings. Fingerlings were fed with seven isocaloric sunflower meal-based diet supplemented with different concentrations of nanoparticles naming T1 to T7 (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mg/kg), with 5% wet body weight while chromic oxide was used as an indigestible marker. After experimentation for 90 days T3 treated group (1mg/kg -1Se-nano level) showed the best result in hematological parameters (WBC’s 7.97 ×103mm-3, RBC’s 2.98 ×106 mm-3 and Platelet count 67), nutrient digestibility (crude protein: 74%, ether extract: 76%, gross energy: 70%) and growth performance (weight gain 13.24 g, weight gain% 198, feed conversion ratio 1.5, survival rate 100%) as compared to the other treatment groups. Specific growth rates were found significantly higher in T5 than in other groups. The present study indicated positive effect of 1 mg/kg Se-nanoparticles on growth advancement, hematological parameters, and nutrients digestibility of L. rohita fingerlings.
Published: 2022
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37. Viscous heating and cooling process in a mixed convection cavity with free-slip effect

Author: H.F. Wong, N. Ahmad, Z. Siri, and N.F.M. Noor
Subjects: Numerical simulation, Viscous heating, Free-slip, Robin boundary condition, Finite difference method, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract: Both no-slip and free-slip effects are enforced to the lid-driven cavity walls with Robin boundary condition. Viscous heating and cooling process happen when the shear force applied at the top lid is removed and the cavity is exposed to natural convection. This numerical study is performed for a two-dimensional laminar incompressible fluid flow with unsteadiness. The governing equations of time-dependent vorticity-stream function and thermal energy equation are solved using a finite difference method. Dissipation of viscous-heating of the cavity flow to the ambient is observed. The in-house Matlab® code is firstly verified with Ansys Fluent® finite element method at steady state. With no-slip boundary condition, temperature profile shows a reduction with acumination style at the beginning of the cooling process whereas a blunted profile is shown in free-slip boundary condition with temperature profile reduces dawdlingly. This is due to the movement of fluid is still able to create viscous heating at the outset of cooling process and this effect is even more pronounced at high Reynolds number when subject to free-slip boundary condition.
Published: 2021
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38. Prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the largest populated city Karachi, Pakistan

Author: Ihsanullah, M. J. Yousuf, N. Ahmad, Z. Masood, S. Majeed, H. Ul Hassan, M. Ibrahim, A. R. Khooharo, E. Khooharo, A. H. Mastoi, N. Zafar, and F. M. Shaikh
Subjects: diagnosis, infectious disease, Leishmania, parasitic diseases, zoonosis, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Zoology, QL1-991, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Abstract. The study was undertaken from September 2018 to April 2019 to determine the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in human beings living in six districts of Karachi. Suspected persons were screened for the disease and positive cases were identified on the basis of skin lesions and blood samples. Samples were observed by mounting their smear. A total of 207 subjects of different ages and sex groups were investigated, however, only 192 (92%) of the suspected cases were found to have the disease 64% of cases were male which were significantly high (p
Published: 2021
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39. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS CAMERA INPUT FOR VIDEOGRAMMETRY

Author: N. Ahmad, S. Azri, U. Ujang, M. G. Cuétara, G. M. Retortillo, and S. Mohd Salleh
Subjects: Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract: Videogrammetry is a technique to generate point clouds by using video frame sequences. It is a branch of photogrammetry that offers an attractive capabilities and make it an interesting choice for a 3D data acquisition. However, different camera input and specification will produce different quality of point cloud. Thus, it is the aim of this study to investigate the quality of point cloud that is produced from various camera input and specification. Several devices are using in this study such as Iphone 5s, Iphone 7+, Iphone X, Digital camera of Casio Exilim EX-ZR1000 and Nikon D7000 DSLR. For each device, different camera with different resolution and frame per second (fps) are used for video recording. The videos are processed using EyesCloud3D by eCapture. EyesCloud3D is a platform that receive input such as videos and images to generate point clouds. 3D model is constructed based on generated point clouds. The total number of point clouds produced is analyzed to determine which camera input and specification produce a good 3D model. Besides that, factor of generating number of point clouds is analyzed. Finally, each camera resolution and fps is suggested for certain applications based on generated number of point cloud.
Published: 2019
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40. DEVELOPMENT OF GEODATABASE FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE IN BUJANG VALLEY KEDAH

Author: N. U. Mohd Aminuddin, Z. Majid, N. Ahmad Fuad, A. Aspuri, M. F. Mohd Salleh, M. F. M. Ariff, K. M. Idris, and N. Darwin
Subjects: Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract: In recent years, there has been little adoption of geospatial technology applications towards the archaeological excavation project in Malaysia which yields increasing amount of data on historical assets. Those data however been processed and managed via conventional method of paper form- based and less associated spatial data which is actually can be necessary to improve the finding method of potential archaeological sites. This paper presents the application of Geographical Information System (GIS) towards the archaeology data management by adopting geodatabase for storing archaeology information and visualizing the archaeological monuments via method of 3D Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS). The research area is located within the Bujang Valley Archaeological Museum, Merbok, Kedah which known to locate most of the ancient relics that being preserved over time. The TLS method is used to scan the interior and exterior structures of the monuments due to its capability in representing 3D visualization digitally from point cloud data and close to the accuracy of the actual structure. In addition, the geodatabase can provide the organization a better medium to create large-scale databases for organizing, analyzing and sharing the products of the field research with other users. The GIS capability to capture, integrate, store, edit, analyze and display geospatial data can really help the effort in preserving the archaeological information from lost over time.
Published: 2019
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41. Taxonomic, morphometric and limnological assessment of the commercially important ichthyofauna of Sakhakot Stream, Malakand, Pakistan

Author: M. Attaullah, U. Ullah, I. Ilahi, N. Ahmad, F.U. Rahman, J. Ullah, O. Dad, M. Amin, H. U. Hassan, R. Ullah, and I. D. Buneri
Subjects: Cyprinidae, Puntius conchonius, Mastacembelus armatus, morphometrics, taxonomic key, Malakand, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Zoology, QL1-991, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Abstract The present study was conducted for the taxonomic, morphometric and limnological assessment of the commercially important ichthyofauna of Sakhakot Stream, Malakand, Pakistan. The study area was divided into three sites along the water course namely Dargai Stream, Sakhakot Stream and Shergarh Stream. Fish samples were collected randomly during January to August 2017 with the help of fish gears. A taxonomic key was designed for the collected fish specimens. Ten fish species were identified belonging to 3 orders and 4 families. Family Cyprinidae was the dominant family with seven representative species while families Siluridae, Nemacheilidae and Mastacembelidae were represented by one species each. Lower mean total length and standard length was recorded in Puntius conchonius (Hamilton, 1822) as 9.2 ± 0.6 cm and 7.3 ± 0.6 cm respectively, while highest mean total length and standard length was recorded in Mastacembelus armatus (Lacepede, 1800) as 28.1 ± 1.7 cm and 15.9 ± 2.4 cm respectively. Mean pH of the water ranged from 6.1 at Shergarh Stream in August to 8.7 at Sakhakot Stream in January. Average temperature range was recorded from 10.9 °C in January at Dargai Stream to 18.7 °C in August at Shergarh Stream. No statistically significant difference was found for temperature (p = 0.96) and pH (p = 0.14) in the three water streams. The present study will provide a baseline for the rearing and enhancement of wild stock of the commercially important ichthyofauna in the field of aquaculture and fisheries.
Published: 2021
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42. Food handlers: an important reservoir of protozoans and helminth parasites of public health importance

Author: W. Khan, S. Arshad, N. Khatoon, I. Khan, N. Ahmad, M. Kamal, H. UlHassan, N. Khan, A.Ul Haq, M. Ilyas, S. Ullah, I. Ullah, A. H. Mahmoud, and O. B. Mohammed
Subjects: foodborne pathogens, zoonosis, soil transmitted helminthiasis, gastroenteritis, sanitary practices, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Zoology, QL1-991, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: Abstract Food handlers plays a primary role in the transmission of pathogenically important protozoans and helminth parasites. This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal pathogenic protozoans and helminth parasites among food handlers in and around University of Malakand, Lower Dir, Pakistan. Stool samples were collected from 642 food handlers (all of male) in a cross-sectional study from January to November, 2017. Wet Mount Techniques and concentration methods by using salt and formol–ether solutions. Three hundred and eighty four cases (59.8%) were found infected with one more parasites. Most of the individuals were found infected with helminth (47.6%) as compared to intestinal protozoans (0.93%). Seventy two cases (11.2%) of the cases presented mixed infection with both intestinal protozoan and helminth parasites. The order of prevalence for intestinal helminth was Ancylostoma duodenale (n = 258, 40.1%), followed by Taeniasa ginata (n=96, 14.9%) Ascaris lumbricoides (n = 54, 8.40%) and Trichuris trichura (n=30, 4.60%). For intestinal protozoa, Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (n = 36, 5.64%) was the only protozoan detected. Mono-parasitism was higher than poly-parasitism. Family size income and education level were the factors significantly (P
Published: 2021
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43. Prevalence of rhabdochoniasis in snow trout of river Swat and river Panjkora, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan

Author: W. Khan, S. M. H. M. Naqvi, N. Ahmad, M. Kamal, H. Hassan, A. Noor, S. Khan, J. Ahmad, U. Ullah, S. Akhtar, and M. Shadman
Subjects: snow trout, fish parasitic diseases, nematode infection, prevalence, zoonosis, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Zoology, QL1-991, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract: ABSTRACT This research was aimed to explore the helminth parasitic diseases in Schizothorax plagiostomus (the snow trout) from river Swat and river Panjkora, Pakistan. Collection of 360 fish specimens have done from the lower, middle and upper reaches of both the rivers through gill nets, cast nets, dragon nets and hooks. All the samples were examined in the University of Malakand, Zoology Department for helminth parasites during the months from January 2015 to December 2016. Of the total examined fish samples 21.9% (n=79) were infected with Rhabdochona spp including 17.7% (n=32/180) in river Swat and 26.6% (n=47/180) in river Panjkora. Highest month-wise prevalence (p=0.09878,p0.05) prevalence (28.8%) than males (16.6%). Fishes of the lower reaches had highest (p=0.0029, P>0.05) prevalence (31.7%) followed by middle reaches (16.5%) while the lowest prevalence was observed in samples of fish collected from upper reaches (9.87%). Present study address that Rhabdochona spp in the intestine of snow trout has a long term relationship and call as a natural infection in cyprinids and zoonotic risk to human.
Published: 2021
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44. Diffusion imaging genomics provides novel insight into early mechanisms of cerebral small vessel disease

Author: Le Grand, Quentin, Tsuchida, Ami, Koch, Alexandra, Imtiaz, Mohammed-Aslam, Aziz, N. Ahmad, Vigneron, Chloé, Zago, Laure, Lathrop, Mark, Dubrac, Alexandre, Couffinhal, Thierry, Crivello, Fabrice, Matthews, Paul M., Mishra, Aniket, Breteler, Monique M. B., Tzourio, Christophe, and Debette, Stéphanie
Published: 2024
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45. Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Concentrations are Associated with an Unfavorable Cardio-Metabolic Risk Profile: Findings from Two Population-Based Cohort Studies

Author: Faquih, Tariq O., Landstra, Elvire N., van Hylckama Vlieg, Astrid, Aziz, N. Ahmad, Li-Gao, Ruifang, de Mutsert, Renée, Rosendaal, Frits R., Noordam, Raymond, van Heemst, Diana, Mook-Kanamori, Dennis O., van Dijk, Ko Willems, and Breteler, Monique M. B.
Published: 2024
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46. Distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of paediatric melioidosis in Malaysia

Author: M.R. Mohd Ali, H.F. Zamri, R. Arushothy, R. Hashim, F. Amran, and N. Ahmad
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Published: 2020
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47. Genome-wide relatedness of Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates in Malaysia

Author: R. Arushothy, S. Nathan, N. Ahmad, F. Amran, R. Hashim, M.R. Mohd Ali, H.F. Zamri, and N. Samsuddin
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Published: 2020
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48. Serotypes and beta-lactamase-producing Haemophilus influenzae isolated from children attending childcare centres in Kuala Lumpur post vaccination era

Author: S. Mohamed Sukur, P.A. Palaniappan, S. Maniam, F.S. Abdul Hadi Sabri, and N. Ahmad
Subjects: Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Published: 2020
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49. Global Seismic Fragility Functions for Low-Rise RC Frames with Construction Deficiencies

Author: M. Rizwan, N. Ahmad, J. Akbar, B. Ilyas, Arifullah, A. Ali, M. E. Ahmad, S. Pervez, M. E. Rahim, and M. A. Z. Khan
Subjects: Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract: Shake table tests were performed on three two-story 1 : 3 reduced scale RC frame structures, representative of buildings with construction deficiencies in Pakistan. The models were subjected to the natural accelerogram of the 1994 Northridge earthquake and tested under multiple scaled excitations until the models attained incipient collapse state. The models’ damage mechanisms were studied, and the seismic response in terms of floor acceleration and floor displacement was retrieved. A uniform damage scale was developed for global performance assessment of considered deficient RC frames, listing average estimate of limit states’ drifts and base shear coefficients, with measured uncertainty, and describing frame damage condition. Numerical frame models were prepared in finite element-based program SeismoStruct and calibrated against experimental tests. The frames were analyzed through incremental dynamic analyses. Seismic fragility functions were derived using a probabilistic-based methodology, which may be used for global damageability assessment of the considered frame building typology. Available building damage-to-loss factors were employed to transform structural damages to repair cost ratio, which were correlated with seismic intensity (repair cost ratio versus seismic intensity) to derive the seismic vulnerability curve, which may be used for the direct economic loss estimation of the considered frame building typology.
Published: 2020
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50. Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry

Author: Jitendra PS. Sawhney, Veerappa A. Kothiwale, Vikas Bisne, Rajashekhar Durgaprasad, Praveen Jadhav, Manoj Chopda, Velam Vanajakshamma, Ramdhan Meena, Govindan Vijayaraghavan, Kamaldeep Chawla, Jagan Allu, Karen S. Pieper, A. John Camm, Ajay K. Kakkar, Jean-Pierre Bassand, David A. Fitzmaurice, Samuel Z. Goldhaber, Shinya Goto, Sylvia Haas, Werner Hacke, Lorenzo G. Mantovani, Frank Misselwitz, Alexander G.G. Turpie, Martin van Eickels, Freek W.A. Verheugt, Gloria Kayani, Keith A.A. Fox, Bernard J. Gersh, Hector Lucas Luciardi, Harry Gibbs, Marianne Brodmann, Frank Cools, Antonio Carlos Pereira Barretto, Stuart J. Connolly, Alex Spyropoulos, John Eikelboom, Ramon Corbalan, Dayi Hu, Petr Jansky, Jørn Dalsgaard Nielsen, Hany Ragy, Pekka Raatikainen, Jean-Yves Le Heuzey, Harald Darius, Matyas Keltai, Sanjay Kakkar, Jitendra Pal Singh Sawhney, Giancarlo Agnelli, Giuseppe Ambrosio, Yukihiro Koretsune, Carlos Jerjes Sánchez Díaz, Hugo Ten Cate, Dan Atar, Janina Stepinska, Elizaveta Panchenko, Toon Wei Lim, Barry Jacobson, Seil Oh, Xavier Viñolas, Marten Rosenqvist, Jan Steffel, Pantep Angchaisuksiri, Ali Oto, Alex Parkhomenko, Wael Al Mahmeed, David Fitzmaurice, D.Y. Hu, K.N. Chen, Y.S. Zhao, H.Q. Zhang, J.Z. Chen, S.P. Cao, D.W. Wang, Y.J. Yang, W.H. Li, Y.H. Yin, G.Z. Tao, P. Yang, Y.M. Chen, S.H. He, Ying Wang, Yong Wang, G.S. Fu, X. Li, T.G. Wu, X.S. Cheng, X.W. Yan, R.P. Zhao, M.S. Chen, L.G. Xiong, P. Chen, Y. Jiao, Y. Guo, L. Xue, F.Z. Wang, H. Li, Z.M. Yang, C.L. Bai, J. Chen, J.Y. Chen, X. Chen, S. Feng, Q.H. Fu, X.J. Gao, W.N. Guo, R.H. He, X.A. He, X.S. Hu, X.F. Huang, B. Li, J. Li, L. Li, Y.H. Li, T.T. Liu, W.L. Liu, Y.Y. Liu, Z.C. Lu, X.L. Luo, T.Y. Ma, J.Q. Peng, X. Sheng, X.J. Shi, Y.H. Sun, G. Tian, K. Wang, L. Wang, R.N. Wu, Q. Xie, R.Y. Xu, J.S. Yang, L.L. Yang, Q. Yang, Y. Ye, H.Y. Yu, J.H. Yu, T. Yu, H. Zhai, Q. Zhan, G.S. Zhang, Q. Zhang, R. Zhang, Y. Zhang, W.Y. Zheng, B. Zhou, Z.H. Zhou, X.Y. Zhu, S. Kakkar, J.P.S. Sawhney, P. Jadhav, R. Durgaprasad, A.G. Ravi Shankar, R.K. Rajput, K. Bhargava, R. Sarma, A. Srinivas, D. Roy, U.M. Nagamalesh, M. Chopda, R. Kishore, G. Kulkarni, P. Chandwani, R.A. Pothiwala, M. Padinhare Purayil, S. Shah, K. Chawla, V.A. Kothiwale, B. Raghuraman, G. Vijayaraghavan, V.M. Vijan, G. Bantwal, V. Bisne, A. Khan, J.B. Gupta, S. Kumar, D. Jain, S. Abraham, D. Adak, A. Barai, H. Begum, P. Bhattacharjee, M. Dargude, D. Davies, B. Deshpande, P. Dhakrao, V. Dhyani, S. Duhan, M. Earath, A. Ganatra, S. Giradkar, V. Jain, R. Karthikeyan, L. Kasala, S. Kaur, S. Krishnappa, A. Lawande, B. Lokesh, N. Madarkar, R. Meena, P. More, D. Naik, K. Prashanth, M. Rao, N.M. Rao, N. Sadhu, D. Shah, M. Sharma, P. Shiva, S. Singhal, S. Suresh, V. Vanajakshamma, S.G. Panse, Y. Koretsune, S. Kanamori, K. Yamamoto, K. Kumagai, Y. Katsuda, K. Sadamatsu, F. Toyota, Y. Mizuno, I. Misumi, H. Noguchi, S. Ando, T. Suetsugu, M. Minamoto, Hiroshi Oda, K. Shiraishi, S. Adachi, K. Chiba, H. Norita, M. Tsuruta, T. Koyanagi, H. Ando, T. Higashi, K. Okada, S. Azakami, S. Komaki, K. Kumeda, T. Murayama, J. Matsumura, Y. Oba, R. Sonoda, K. Goto, K. Minoda, Y. Haraguchi, H. Suefuji, H. Miyagi, H. Kato, Tadashi Nakamura, Tsugihiro Nakamura, H. Nandate, R. Zaitsu, Yoshihisa Fujiura, A. Yoshimura, H. Numata, J. Ogawa, H. Tatematsu, Y. Kamogawa, K. Murakami, Y. Wakasa, M. Yamasawa, H. Maekawa, S. Abe, H. Kihara, S. Tsunoda, Katsumi Saito, Kazuyuki Saito, T. Fudo, K. Obunai, H. Tachibana, I. Oba, T. Kuwahata, S. Higa, M. Gushiken, T. Eto, H. Yoshida, D. Ikeda, Yoshitake Fujiura, M. Ishizawa, M. Nakatsuka, K. Murata, C. Ogurusu, M. Shimoyama, M. Akutsu, I. Takamura, F. Hoshino, N. Yokota, T. Iwao, K. Tsuchida, M. Takeuchi, Y. Hatori, Y. Kitami, Yoichi Nakamura, R. Oyama, M. Ageta, Hiroyuki Oda, Y. Go, K. Mishima, T. Unoki, S. Morii, Yuhei Shiga, H. Sumi, T. Nagatomo, K. Sanno, K. Fujisawa, Y. Atsuchi, T. Nagoshi, T. Seto, T. Tabuchi, M. Kameko, K. Nii, K. Oshiro, H. Takezawa, S. Nagano, N. Miyamoto, M. Iwaki, Yuichiro Nakamura, M. Fujii, M. Okawa, Masahiko Abe, Masatake Abe, Mitsunori Abe, T. Saito, T. Mito, K. Nagao, J. Minami, T. Mita, I. Sakuma, T. Taguchi, S. Marusaki, H. Doi, M. Tanaka, T. Fujito, M. Matsuta, T. Kusumoto, S. Kakinoki, K. Ashida, N. Yoshizawa, J. Agata, O. Arasaki, M. Manita, M. Ikemura, S. Fukuoka, H. Murakami, S. Matsukawa, Y. Hata, T. Taniguchi, T. Ko, H. Kubo, M. Imamaki, M. Akiyama, M. Inagaki, H. Odakura, T. Ueda, Y. Katsube, A. Nakata, H. Watanabe, M. Techigawara, M. Igarashi, K. Taga, T. Kimura, S. Tomimoto, M. Shibuya, M. Nakano, K. Ito, T. Seo, S. Hiramitsu, H. Hosokawa, M. Hoshiai, M. Hibino, K. Miyagawa, Hajime Horie, N. Sugishita, Yukio Shiga, A. Soma, K. Neya, Tetsuro Yoshida, Tomoki Yoshida, M. Mizuguchi, M. Ishiguro, T. Minagawa, M. Wada, H. Mukawa, F. Okuda, S. Nagasaka, Y. Abe, Sen Adachi, Susumu Adachi, T. Adachi, K. Akahane, T. Amano, K. Aoki, T. Aoyama, H. Arai, S. Arima, T. Arino, H. Asano, T. Asano, J. Azuma, T. Baba, T. Betsuyaku, H. Chibana, H. Date, J. Doiuchi, Y. Emura, M. Endo, Y. Fujii, R. Fujiki, A. Fujisawa, Y. Fujisawa, T. Fukuda, T. Fukui, N. Furukawa, T. Furukawa, W. Furumoto, T. Goto, M. Hamaoka, N. Hanazono, K. Hasegawa, T. Hatsuno, Y. Hayashi, K. Higuchi, K. Hirasawa, H. Hirayama, M. Hirose, S. Hirota, M. Honda, Hideki Horie, T. Ido, O. Iiji, H. Ikeda, K. Ikeda, K. Ikeoka, M. Imaizumi, H. Inaba, T. Inoue, F. Iseki, A. Ishihara, N. Ishioka, N. Ito, T. Iwase, H. Kakuda, J. Kamata, H. Kanai, H. Kanda, M. Kaneko, H. Kano, T. Kasai, T. Kato, Y. Kato, Y. Kawada, K. Kawai, K. Kawakami, S. Kawakami, T. Kawamoto, S. Kawano, J. Kim, T. Kira, H. Kitazawa, H. Kitazumi, T. Kito, T. Kobayashi, T. Koeda, J. Kojima, H. Komatsu, I. Komatsu, Y. Koshibu, T. Kotani, T. Kozuka, Y. Kumai, T. Kumazaki, I. Maeda, K. Maeda, Y. Maruyama, S. Matsui, K. Matsushita, Y. Matsuura, K. Mineoi, H. Mitsuhashi, N. Miura, S. Miyaguchi, S. Miyajima, H. Miyamoto, A. Miyashita, S. Miyata, I. Mizuguchi, A. Mizuno, T. Mori, O. Moriai, K. Morishita, O. Murai, Sho Nagai, Shunichi Nagai, E. Nagata, H. Nagata, A. Nakagomi, S. Nakahara, M. Nakamura, R. Nakamura, N. Nakanishi, T. Nakayama, R. Nakazato, T. Nanke, J. Nariyama, Y. Niijima, H. Niinuma, Y. Nishida, Y. Nishihata, K. Nishino, H. Nishioka, K. Nishizawa, I. Niwa, K. Nomura, S. Nomura, M. Nozoe, T. Ogawa, N. Ohara, M. Okada, K. Okamoto, H. Okita, M. Okuyama, H. Ono, T. Ono, Y. Onuki Pearce, S. Oriso, A. Ota, E. Otaki, Y. Saito, H. Sakai, N. Sakamoto, Y. Sakamoto, Y. Samejima, Y. Sasagawa, H. Sasaguri, A. Sasaki, T. Sasaki, Kazuki Sato, Kiyoharu Sato, M. Sawano, S. Seki, Y. Sekine, Y. Seta, K. Sezaki, N. Shibata, Y. Shiina, H. Shimono, Y. Shimoyama, T. Shindo, H. Shinohara, R. Shinohe, T. Shinozuka, T. Shirai, T. Shiraiwa, Y. Shozawa, T. Suga, C. Sugimoto, Kazuo Suzuki, Keita Suzuki, Shu Suzuki, Shunji Suzuki, Susumu Suzuki, Y. Suzuki, M. Tada, A. Taguchi, T. Takagi, Y. Takagi, K. Takahashi, S. Takahashi, H. Takai, C. Takanaka, S. Take, H. Takeda, K. Takei, K. Takenaka, T. Tana, G. Tanabe, K. Taya, H. Teragawa, S. Tohyo, S. Toru, Y. Tsuchiya, T. Tsuji, K. Tsuzaki, H. Uchiyama, O. Ueda, Y. Ueyama, N. Wakaki, T. Wakiyama, T. Washizuka, M. Watanabe, T. Yamada, T. Yamagishi, H. Yamaguchi, Kenichi Yamamoto, Kentaro Yamamoto, Kunihiko Yamamoto, T. Yamamoto, M. Yamaura, M. Yamazoe, K. Yasui, Y. Yokoyama, K. Yoshida, T.W. Lim, C.K. Ching, C.G. Foo, J.H. Chow, D.D. Chen, F.R. Jaufeerally, Y.M. Lee, G. Lim, W.T. Lim, S. Thng, S.Y. Yap, C. Yeo, S. Oh, H.N. Pak, J.-B. Kim, J.H. Kim, S.-W. Jang, D.H. Kim, D.R. Ryu, S.W. Park, D.-K. Kim, D.J. Choi, Y.S. Oh, M.-C. Cho, S.-H. Kim, H.-K. Jeon, D.-G. Shin, J.S. Park, H.K. Park, S.-J. Han, J.H. Sung, J.-G. Cho, G.-B. Nam, Y.K. On, H.E. Lim, J.J. Kwak, T.-J. Cha, T.J. Hong, S.H. Park, J.H. Yoon, N.-H. Kim, K.-S. Kim, B.C. Jung, G.-S. Hwang, C.-J. Kim, D.B. Kim, J.J. Ahn, H.J. An, H. Bae, A.L. Baek, W.J. Chi, E.A. Choi, E.H. Choi, H.K. Choi, H.S. Choi, S. Han, E.S. Heo, K.O. Her, S.W. Hwang, E.M. Jang, H.-S. Jang, S. Jang, H.-G. Jeon, S.R. Jeon, Y.R. Jeon, H.K. Jeong, I.-A. Jung, Hyeon Jeong Kim, Hyun Ju Kim, Ji Seon Kim, Jung Sook Kim, J.A. Kim, K.T. Kim, M.S. Kim, Sang Hee Kim, Sang Hyun Kim, Y.-I. Kim, C.S. Lee, E.H. Lee, G.H. Lee, H.Y. Lee, H.-Y. Lee, K.H. Lee, K.R. Lee, M.S. Lee, M.-Y. Lee, R.W. Lee, S.E. Lee, S.H. Lee, S. Lee, W.Y. Lee, I.K. Noh, A.R. Park, B.R. Park, H.N. Park, J.H. Park, M. Park, Y. Park, S.-Y. Seo, J. Shim, J.H. Sim, Y.M. Sohn, W.S. Son, Y.S. Son, H.J. Song, H.K. Wi, J.J. Woo, S. Ye, K.H. Yim, K.M. Yoo, E.J. Yoon, S.Y. Yun, P. Angchaisuksiri, S. Chawanadelert, P. Mongkolwongroj, K. Kanokphatcharakun, S. Cheewatanakornkul, T. Laksomya, S. Pattanaprichakul, T. Chantrarat, S. Rungaramsin, S. Silaruks, W. Wongcharoen, K. Siriwattana, K. Likittanasombat, P. Katekangplu, W. Boonyapisit, D. Cholsaringkarl, B. Chatlaong, P. Chattranukulchai, Y. Santanakorn, P. Hutayanon, P. Khunrong, T. Bunyapipat, S. Jai-Aue, P. Kaewsuwanna, P. Bamungpong, S. Gunaparn, S. Hongsuppinyo, R. Inphontan, R. Khattaroek, K. Khunkong, U. Kitmapawanont, C. Kongsin, B. Naratreekoon, S. Ninwaranon, J. Phangyota, A. Phrommintikul, P. Phunpinyosak, K. Pongmorakot, S. Poomiphol, N. Pornnimitthum, S. Pumprueg, S. Ratchasikaew, K. Sanit, K. Sawanyawisuth, B. Silaruks, R. Sirichai, A. Sriwichian, W. Suebjaksing, P. Sukklad, T. Suttana, A. Tangsirira, O. Thangpet, W. Tiyanon, Y. Vorasettakarnkij, T. Wisaratapong, W. Wongtheptien, A. Wutthimanop, S. Yawila, A. Oto, A. Altun, I. Ozdogru, K. Ozdemir, O. Yilmaz, A. Aydinlar, M.B. Yilmaz, E. Yeter, Z. Ongen, M. Cayli, H. Pekdemir, M. Ozdemir, M. Sucu, T. Sayin, M. Demir, H. Yorgun, M. Ersanli, E. Okuyan, D. Aras, H. Abdelrahman, O. Aktas, D. Alpay, F. Aras, M.F. Bireciklioglu, S. Budeyri, M. Buyukpapuc, S. Caliskan, M. Esen, M.A. Felekoglu, D. Genc, B. Ikitimur, E.B. Karaayvaz, S. Kılıç Karataş, S. Okutucu, E. Ozcelik, A. Quisi, H. Sag, L. Sahiner, B.Y. Sayin, T. Seker, D. Uzun Alkan, E. Yildirim, R. Yildirim, F. Yilmaz, V. Yuksekdag, H.L. Luciardi, N. Vensentini, A.C. Ingaramo, G.A. Sambadaro, V. Fernandez Caputi, S.G. Berman, P. Dragotto, A.J. Kleiban, N. Centurion, G. Giacomi, R.A. Ahuad Guerrero, D. Conde, G. Zapata, L.A. Di Paola, J.L. Ramos, R.D. Dran, J. Egido, A.A. Fernandez, M.J. Fosco, S. Sassone, V.A. Sinisi, L.R. Cartasegna, M.A. Berli, O.A. Gomez Vilamajo, F. Ferroni, E.D. Alaguibe, A. Alvarez D'Amelio, C. Arabetti, L. Arias, J.A. Belardi, L. Bergesio, F. Berli, M. Berli, S. Borchowiec, C. Buzzetti, R. Cabrini, V. Campisi, A.L. Cappi, R. Carrizo, F. Colombo Berra, J.P. Costabel, O.J.A. Costamagna, A.A. Damonte, I.N. De Urquiza, F. Diez, M.F. Edén, M. Fanuele, F. Fernandez Voena, M. Foa Torres, C. Funosas, M.P. Giacomi, C.H. Gimenez, E.P. Gurfinkel, M. de L.M. Had, V. Hansen, A.D. Hrabar, M. Ingratta, A. Lopez, G. Maehara, L. Maffei, A. Martinelli, C. Martinelli, J. Matkovich, B. Mautner, A. Meirino, R. Munguia, A. Navarro, V. Novas, G. Perez Prados, J. Pontoriero, R.N. Potito, C. Ricotti, M.A. Rodriguez, F. Rolandi, M.E. Said Palladino, M. Salinger, L.S. Sanziani, P.O. Schygiel, A. Sossich, J.F. Tinto, L. Tonelli, A.L. Tufare, M. Vallejo, M.E. Yunis, M. Zillo, F.J. Zurbrigk, A.C.P. Barretto, D.C. Sobral Filho, J. Jaber, D. Armaganijan, J. Faria Neto, A. Steffens, W. Kunz Sebba Barroso de Souza, J.D. de Souza Neto, J.M. Ribeiro, M. Silveira Teixeira, P.R. Ferreira Rossi, L. Pires, D. Moreira, J.C. Moura Jorge, A. Menezes Lorga Filho, L.C. Bodanese, M. Westerlund Montera, C.H. Del Carlo, T. Da Rocha Rodrigues, F.A. Alves da Costa, A. Lopes, R. Lopes, G.R. Araújo, E.R. Fernandes Manenti, J.F. Kerr Saraiva, J.C. 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Domenech Borras, A. Elorriaga Madariaga, A. Espallargas, M. Fernandez, E. Fernandez Escobar, E. Fernandez Mas, A. Ferrer, J. Fosch, M. Garcia Bermudez, V. Garcia Millan, M. Gavira Saenz, C. Gines Garcia, C. Gomez, Y. Gomez Perez, A. Gonzales Segovia, P. Gonzalez, L. Grigorian, A. Guerrero Molina, M. del C. Gutierrez del Val, B. Herrero Maeso, E. Hevia Rodriguez, A. Iglesias Garcia, M.J. Jimenez Fernandez, B. Jimeno Besa, P. Juan Salvadores, M.B. Lage Bouzamayor, I. Lasuncion, L.E. Lezcano Gort, M. Llobet Molina, M. Lopez, A. Manzanal Rey, J. Mara Guerra, S. Marcus, A. Martin Vila, M. Martinez Mena, P. Mazon, F. Mendez Zurita, G. Millán, M. Molina, P. Montero Alia, D. Montes, M. Moure Gonzalez, R.B. Munoz Munoz, A. Negrete Palma, H.N. Orellana Figueroa, V.M. Ortega, C. Ortiz Cortes, D. Otero Tomera, N. Palomo Merchan, I. Pareja Ibar, E. Pena Garcia, M. Pereda Armayor, M. Perez Carasa, I. Prieto, V. Quintern, R. Renom, L.M. Rincon Diaz, V. Rios, L. Riquelme Sola, R. Rivera, X. Robiro Robiro, M. Roca, C. Roca Saumell, C. Rodrigo, E. Rodriguez, M. Rodriguez Garcia, S. Saez Jimenez, P. Sanchez Calderon, L. Sanchez Mendez, S. Sanchez Parra, C. Santolaya, M.R. Senan Sanz, A. Seoane Blanco, E. Serralvo, N. Sierra, C. Simon Valero, J. Sorribes Lopez, M. Teixido Fontanillas, M. Terns Riera, G. Tobajas, C. Torres, J. Torres Marques, M. Ubeda Pastor, M. Rosenqvist, A. Wirdby, J. Linden, K. Henriksson, M. Elmersson, A. Egilsson, U. Börjesson, G. Svärd, B. Liu, A. Lindh, L.-B. Olsson, M. Gustavsson, Lars Andersson, Lisbeth Andersson, L. Benson, C. Bothin, A. Hajimirsadeghi, K. Kadir, M. Ericsson, A. Ohlsson, H. Lindvall, P. Svensson, K. Thorne, H. Handel, P. Platonov, B. Eriksson, I. Timberg, K. Romberg, M. Crisby, J.-E. Karlsson, S.A. Jensen, A. Andersson, L. Malmqvist, B. Martinsson, F. Bernsten, J. Engdahl, J. Thulin, A. Hot-Bjelac, P. Stalby, H. Aaröe, E. Ahbeck, H. Ahlmark, F. Al-Khalili, G. Bonkowski, S. Dzeletovic, A.-B. Ekstrand, G.-B. Eriksson, K. Floren, C. Grässjö, S. Hahn, P. Jaensson, B. Jansson, J.-H. Jansson, R.-M. Kangert, A. Koch, D. Kusiak, A. Lettenström, A. Lindberg, C.-J. Lindholm, A. Mannermyr, K. Mansson, M. Millborg, C. Nilsson, A.-M. Ohlin, A. Olofsson, A. Osberg, A. Pedersen, K. Risbecker, K. Rosenberg, J. Samuelsson, M. Shayesteh, K. Skoglund, M. Stjernberg, C. Thorsen, J. Steffel, J.H. Beer, J. Debrunner, D. Amstutz, J. Bruegger, G. Elise, A. Grau, A. Guinand, I. Henriette, E. Saga, S. Winnik, A. Parkhomenko, I. Rudyk, V. Tseluyko, O. Karpenko, S. Zhurba, I. Kraiz, I. Kupnovytska, N. Serediuk, Y. Mostovoy, O. Ushakov, O. Koval, I. Kovalskyi, Y. Svyshchenko, O. Sychov, M. Stanislavchuk, O. Kraydashenko, A. Yagensky, S. Tykhonova, I. Fushtey, R. Belegai, G. Berko, L. Burdeuna, O. Chabanna, I. Daniuk, A. Ivanov, E. Kamenska, P. Kaplan, O. Khyzhnyak, S. Kizim, O. Matova, O. Medentseva, V. Mochonyi, M. Mospan, V. Nemtsova, T. Ovdiienko, O. Palamarchuk, M. Pavelko, R. Petrovskyy, D. Plevak, O. Proshak, S. Pyvovar, L. Rasputina, O. Romanenko, O. Romanova, A. Sapatyi, O. Shumakov, R. Stets, L. Todoriuk, V. Varenov, D. Fitzmaurice, N. Chauhan, D. Goodwin, P. Saunders, R. Evans, J. Leese, P.S. Jhittay, A. Ross, M.S. Kainth, G. Pickavance, J. McDonnell, A. Williams, T. Gooding, H. Wagner, S. Suryani, A. Singal, S. Sircar, R. Bilas, P. Hutchinson, A. Wakeman, M. Stokes, N. Paul, M. Aziz, C. Ramesh, P. Wilson, S. Franklin, S. Fairhead, J. Thompson, V. St Joseph, G. Taylor, D. Tragen, D. Seamark, C. Paul, M. Richardson, A. Jefferies, H. Sharp, H. Jones, C. Giles, M. Page, O. Oginni, J. Aldegather, S. Wetherwell, W. Lumb, P. Evans, F. Scouller, N. Macey, Y. Stipp, R. West, S. Thurston, P. Wadeson, J. Matthews, P. Pandya, A. Gallagher, T. Railton, B. Sinha, D. Russell, J.A. Davies, P. Ainsworth, C.P. Jones, P. Weeks, J. Eden, D. Kernick, W. Murdoch, L. Lumley, R.P. Patel, S.W. Wong, M. Saigol, K. Ladha, K. Douglas, D.F. Cumberlidge, C. Bradshaw, G. Van Zon, K.P. Jones, M.J. Thomas, E. Watson, B. Sarai, N. Ahmad, W. Willcock, J. Cairns, S. Sathananthan, N. de Kare-Silver, A. Gilliland, E. Strieder, A. Howitt, B. Vishwanathan, N. Bird, D. Gray, M. Clark, J. Bisatt, J. Litchfield, E. Fisher, T. Fooks, A.R. Kelsall, E. Alborough, J. Wakeling, M. Parfitt, K. Milne, S. Rogers, R. Priyadharshan, J.L. Oliver, E. Davies, S. Abushal, M. Jacobs, C. Hutton, N.I. Walls, R. Thompson, C. Chigbo, S.M.A. Zaidi, M. Howard, K.C. Butter, S. Barrow, H. Little, I.U. Haq, L. Gibbons, S. Glencross, A.J. McLeod, K. Poland, C. Mulholland, A. Warke, P. Conn, G. Burns, R.N. Smith, S. Lowe, R. Kamath, H.S. Dau, J. Webster, I. Hodgins, S. Vercoe, P.C. Roome, H. Pinnock, J.R.A. Patel, A. Ali, N. Hart, R. Davies, E. Stuart, C.A. Neden, M. Danielsen, R. Heath, P. Sharma, S. Galloway, C. Hawkins, R. Oliver, M. Aylward, S. Mannion, M. Braddick, D. Edwards, A.C. Rothwell, A. Sabir, F. Choudhary, S. Khalaque, A. Wilson, S. Peters, W. Coulson, N. Roberts, A. Heer, S. Coates, B. Ward, D. Jackson, S. Walton, D. Shepherd, M. Sterry, T. Wong, M. Boon, R. Bunney, R. Haria-Shah, R.T. Baron, S. Davies, T. Schatzberger, N. Hargreaves, T. Stephenson, H. Choi, R. Batson, L. Lucraft, T. Myhill, S. Estifano, D. Geatch, J. Wilkinson, R. Veale, K. Forshaw, T. Davies, K. Zaman, P. Vinson, C. Liley, M. Bandrapalli, P. McGinty, R. Wastling, P. McEleny, A. Beattie, P. Cooke, M. Wong, J. Gunasegaram, M. Pugsley, S. Ahmad, C. A'Court, J. Ayers, J. Bennett, S. Cartwright, S. Dobson, C. Dooldeniya, A. Flynn, R. Fox, J. Goram, A. Halpin, A. Hay, P. Jacobs, L. Jeffers, L. Lomax, I. Munro, R. Muvva, M. Nadaph, K. Powell, S. Randfield, D. Redpath, R. Reed, M. Rickenbach, G. Rogers, P.B. Saunders, C. Seamark, J. Shewring, P. Simmons, H. Simper, H. Stoddart, A. Sword, N. Thomas, A. Thomson, H. Gibbs, A. Blenkhorn, B. Singh, W. Van Gaal, W. Abhayaratna, R. Lehman, P. Roberts-Thomson, J. Kilian, D. Coulshed, A. Catanchin, D. Colquhoun, H. Kiat, D. Eccleston, J. French, L. Zimmett, B. Ayres, T. Phan, P. Blombery, D. Crimmins, D. O'Donnell, A. Choi, P. Astridge, M. Arstall, N. Jepson, M. Binnekamp, A. Lee, J. Rogers, G. Starmer, P. Carroll, J. Faunt, A. Aggarwala, L. Barry, C. Batta, R. Beveridge, A. Black, M. Bonner, J. Boys, E. Buckley, M. Campo, L. Carlton, A. Connelly, B. Conway, D. Cresp, H. Dimitri, S. Dixon, M. Dolman, M. Duroux, M. Eskandari, R. Eslick, A. Ferreira-Jardim, T. Fetahovic, D. Fitzpatrick, R. Geraghty, J. Gibbs, T. Grabek, M.H. Modi, K. Hayes, M.P. Hegde, L. Hesketh, B. Hoffmann, B. Jacobson, K. Johnson, C. Juergens, I. Kassam, V. Lawlor, M. Lehman, S. Lehman, D. Leung, S. Mackay, M. MacKenzie, C. McCarthy, C. McIntosh, L. McKeon, H. Morrison, C. Mussap, J.-D. Myers, V. Nagalingam, G. Oldfield, V. O'May, J. Palmer, L. Parsons, K. Patching, T. Patching, V. Paul, M. Plotz, S. Preston, H. Rashad, M. Ratcliffe, S. Raynes, J. Rose, L. Sanders, M. Seremetkoska, H. Setio, S. Shone, P. Shrestha, C. Singh, C. Singleton, N. Stoyanov, S. Sutcliffe, K. Swaraj, J. Tarrant, S. Thompson, I.M. Tsay, M. Vorster, A. Waldman, L. Wallis, E. Wilford, K. Wong, S.J. Connolly, A. Spyropoulos, J. Eikelboom, R. Luton, M. Gupta, A.S. Pandey, S. Cheung, R. Leader, P. Beaudry, F. Ayala-Paredes, J. Berlingieri, J. Heath, G. Poirier, M. Du Preez, R. Nadeau, G. Dresser, R. Dhillon, T. Hruczkowski, B. Schweitzer, B. Coutu, P. Angaran, P. MacDonald, S. Vizel, S. Fikry, R. Parkash, A. Lavoie, J. Cha, B. Ramjattan, J. Bonet, K. Ahmad, L. Aro, T. Aves, K. Beaudry, C. Bergeron, J. Bigcanoe, N. Bignell, L. Breakwell, E. Burke, L. Carroll, B. Clarke, T. Cleveland, S. Daheb, P. Dehghani, I. Denis, Z. Djaidani, P. Dorian, S. Douglass, J. Dunnigan, A. Ewert, D. Farquhar, A. Fearon, L. Ferleyko, D. Fournier, B. Fox, M.-C. Grenier, W. Gulliver, K. Haveman, C. Hines, K. Hines, A.M. Jackson, C. Jean, G. Jethoo, R. Kahlon, S. Kelly, R. Kim, V. Korley, J. Kornder, L. Kwan, J. Largy, C. Lewis, S. Lewis, I. Mangat, R. Moor, J. Navratil, I. Neas, J. Otis, R. Otis, M. Pandey, F. Petrie, A. Pinter, M. Raines, P. Roberts, M. Robinson, G. Sas, S. Schulman, L. Snell, S. Spearson, J. Stevenson, T. Trahey, S. Wong, D. Wright, H. Ragy, A. Abd El-Aziz, S.K. Abou Seif, M.G. El Din, S. El Etriby, A. Elbahry, A. El-Etreby, M. Elkhadem, A. Katta, T. Khairy, A. Mowafy, M. Nawar, A. Ohanissian, A. Reda, M. Reda, H. Salem, N. Sami, S. Samir, M. Setiha, M. Sobhy, A. Soliman, N. Taha, M. Tawfik, E. Zaatout, D. Kettles, J. Bayat, H. Siebert, A. Horak, Y. Kelfkens, R. Garda, T. Pillay, M. Guerra, L. van Zyl, H. Theron, A. Murray, R. Louw, D. Greyling, P. Mntla, V. Ueckermann, R. Loghdey, S. Ismail, F. Ahmed, J. Engelbrecht, A. Ramdass, S. Maharajh, W. Oosthuysen, G. Angel, C. Bester, M. Booysen, C. Boshoff, C. Cannon, S. Cassimjee, C. Chami, G. Conway, A. Davids, L. de Meyer, G. Du Plessis, T. Ellis, L. Henley, M. Karsten, E. Loyd, J. Marks, L. Mavhusa, M. Mostert, A. Page, L. Rikhotso, M. Salie, J. Sasto, F. Shaik, A. Skein, L. Smith, G. Tarr, T. Tau, F. van Zyl, W. Al Mahmeed, G. Yousef, A. Agrawal, M. Nathani, M. Ibrahim, E.M. Esheiba, R. Singh, A. Naguib, M. Abu-Mahfouz, M. Al Omairi, A. Al Naeemi, R. Maruthanayagam, N. Bazargani, A. Wassef, R. Gupta, M. Khan, B. Subbaraman, A. Abdul, A. Al Mulla, S. El Bardisy, P. Haridas, S. Jadhav, K. Magdaluyo, M. Makdad, I. Maqsood, R. Mohamed, N. Sharma, R. Sharma, M. Thanzeel, S.Z. Goldhaber, R. Canosa, P. Rama, E. Blumberg, J. Garcia, P. Mullen, V. Wilson, A. Quick, K. Ferrick, W.M. Kutayli, M. Cox, M. Franco, S. Falkowski, R. Mendelson, M. Williams, S. Miller, S. Beach, A. Alfieri, T. Gutowski, I. Haque, R. Reddy, W. Ahmed, P. Delafontaine, D. Diercks, D. Theodoro, K. Remmel, M. Alberts, R. Ison, H. Noveck, P. Duffy, S. Pitta, D. Nishijima, C. Treasure, N. Asafu-Adjaye, K. Ball, M. Bartlett, M. Bentley, S. Bowers, A. Brown, A. Browne, J. Cameron-Watts, M. Canova, D. Cassidy, K. Cervellione, S. Congal, J. DePauw, A. Dickerson, M. Eley, L. Evans, S. Felpel, K. Ferdinand, D. Fielder, P. Gentry, A. Haideri, F. Hakimi, T. Harbour, E. Hartranft, B. Hawkins, M. Headlee, L. Henson, C. Herrick, T. Hicks, S. Jasinski, A. Jones, L. Jones, P. Jones, S. Karl, M. Keeling, J. Kerr, P. Knowles, J. Langdon, M. Lay, J.A. Lee, T. Lincoln, E. Malone, A. Merliss, D. Merritt, J. Minardo, B. Mooso, C. Orosco, V. Palumbo, M. Parker, T. Parrott, S. Paserchia, G. Pearl, J. Peterson, N. Pickelsimer, T. Purcell, J. Raynor, S. Raziano, C. Richard, T. Richardson, C. Robertson, A. Sage, T. Sanghera, P. Shaw, J. Shoemaker, K. Smith, B. Stephanie, A. Thatcher, H. Theobald, N. Thompson, L. Treasure, T. Tripti, C. Verdi, and V. Worthy
Subjects: Surgery, RD1-811, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract: Background: The Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD–Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF) is an ongoing prospective noninterventional registry, which is providing important information on the baseline characteristics, treatment patterns, and 1-year outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). This report describes data from Indian patients recruited in this registry. Methods and results: A total of 52,014 patients with newly diagnosed AF were enrolled globally; of these, 1388 patients were recruited from 26 sites within India (2012–2016). In India, the mean age was 65.8 years at diagnosis of NVAF. Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor for AF, present in 68.5% of patients from India and in 76.3% of patients globally (P
Published: 2018
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