Search

The paper discusses the possibilities of reducing logistics costs in international transportation in modern conditions. The importance of cost reduction through the study of the aspects and features of the EAEU customs legislation by specialists and managers of the logistics sector is emphasized.

Цель настоящего исследования – выявление влияния экологических инноваций на предпочтения потребителей электромобилей на российском рынке. На сегодняшний день искомый рынок находится на этапе формирования. В то же время потребители уже формируют ин- терес к экологичным товарам, в том числе к товарам с длительным циклом потребления. На первый план выходит проблема оценки конкурентоспособности отечественных экомобилей и выявление приоритетных характеристик, влияющих на их выбор. Оценить конкурентную среду в отрасли экологичного автомобилестроения позволило применение моделей М. Потрера и Р. Гранта. Проведен анализ эмпирических данных, характеризующих состояние рынков электрических и гибридных автомобилей в отдельных странах и мире в целом. С помощью метода экспертных оценок выявлены следующие ключевые атрибуты конкурентоспособности электромобилей на российском рынке: стоимость приобретения, быстроходность, экономичность поездки, продолжительность поездки, вместительность багажника. Для конкурентного анализа были применены расчетные методы, которые позволили определить единичные и взвешенные показатели конкурентоспособности по каждой характеристике рассматриваемых моделей электромобилей, представленных на российском рынке. В результате было выявлено, что первый российский серийный электромобиль ELLADA от заво- да «АвтоВАЗ» имеет достаточный уровень конкурентоспособности. Однако отрыв от ближайших конкурентов – Renault ZOE, Kia Soul EV ‒ пока невелик. Упрочнение позиций на российском рынке возможно только при государственной поддержке.

Nowadays the modern market of food retail is going through a transition period. Consumers tend, on the one hand, to reasonable savings, on the other hand, to meet the need for quality products. Retailers have a difficult task – to follow the concept of sustainable development, while maintaining profitability. The authors of this article, using the methods of content analysis of consumer reviews, observation, online survey, assess the implementation of environmental programs by representatives of retail chains, identify consumer interest in the concept of Zero Waste, and evaluate the satisfaction of the product retail on key attributes.

The article is devoted to the problem of satisfaction estimate, based on the technology of content-analysis of the consumer feedback in the digital environment. Consumers are becoming an increasingly powerful competitive force. They generate content by themselves. The feedback is an important source of information about consumers’ opinion. The consumers’ impact in the digital environment is manifest, primarily, in the consumption expectation forming. The authors propose a methodic of the satisfaction evaluation research, which is based on the systematic analysis and synthesis of individual methods and theories of consumer behavior, competitive analysis, and marketing research. Evaluation of customer satisfaction involves considering the object as a set of attributes for each of which is determined by the assessment of the embodiment, the assessment of importance, and then - the assessment of private utility. The final value of satisfaction is defined as the sum of benefits.

A decrease in the superoxide anion-obviating activity of gastric juice was detected in patients with chronic gastroduodenitis and duodenal ulcerous disease, whose rate depended on the disease stage, functional state of the stomach and nature of the disease course. Deficiency in H+, Cu2+ and a decrease of glutathione content in gastric juice were found to be responsible for the phenomenon observed. The superoxide anion-obviating activity of gastric juice exhibited the regulatory effect on resistance of the duodenal mucosal membrane, which is prerequisite to restoration of the pattern studied during medicinal treatment. Antacid biphilact produced from sour milk was used for the treatment of the disease.

A study was made of the morphofunctional status and local defence of the gastrointestinal tract in 122 children aged 4 months to 6 years, suffering from food intolerance showed up by atopic dermatitis in 52 children and by chronic diarrhea in 70 children. Based on the allergological anamnesis, scarification cutaneous tests with food allergens, detection of antibodies to food antigens (RAST, HAIT) food allergy was revealed in all the children. Chronic gastroduodenitis was identified in all the children suffering from atopic dermatitis and in 95% of the children with chronic diarrhea. It should be mentioned that one-third of that group had a graver illness--diffuse duodenitis with sub-atrophy of the villi. The allergic genesis of the impairment of the gastroduodenal mucosa was confirmed. It was more remarkable in atopic dermatitis (tissue eosinophilia and high content of IgE-plasmacytes in the duodenal mucosa). The decrease of local immune defence of the mucous membrane, lactase deficiency, elevated growth of microorganisms in the duodenal contents promote the rise of intestinal barrier permeability for food antigens and enhancement of sensitization.

This paper discusses optically controlled structures with a modulating liquid-crystal layer and an Sb2S3 photoconductor with a sublayer made from germanium glass of composition As17.6S26.4Ge17.5Se38.5 (IKS24). It is shown that the response rate of the indicated structure is greater by a factor of 4 than that of the Sb2S3-liquid-crystal control structure with no sublayer. With reversible writing of thin holograms, a recording regime with a nonsymmetrical line profile is implemented that makes it possible to obtain a diffraction efficiency of 41.5% on the structures with a sublayer.

Image of amplification by a factor of ~ 105 and an increase in the contrast by a factor of 103 were achieved by intracavity image readout from spatial light modulators. Two types of photosemiconductor–liquid crystal modulators were used: 1) utilizing a cholesteric–nematic phase transition; 2) utilizing the electrooptic effect in a nematic liquid crystal. The image quality was at the diffraction limit both for a dye laser and a YAG:Nd3+ laser; the sharpness of the image boundaries and the contrast increased above the lasing threshold. When readout took place from an area of the diffraction-limit size in a free-running YAG:Nd3+ laser, the radiation energy was 0.8 × 10−3 J and the energy density reaching the modulator was ~ 1.4 J/cm2 (the energy of the recording light of the λ = 0.44 μ wavelength was ~0.4 × 10−8 J and the energy density in the recording stage was ~10−6J/cm2).

A description is given of a spatial and temporal light modulator based on a structure formed from a glassy chalcogenide semiconductor and a liquid crystal operating in reflected light. An investigation was made of the main characteristics of this modulator. It was found that the use of a glassy chalcogenide semiconductor as a photosensitive layer ensured a high sensitivity (10?7 W/cm2) of the modulator as well as a high resolution, which amounted to 50 pairs of lines/mm when an optical fiber plate was used and 90 pairs of lines/mm without such a plate. The modulator was used successfully to transfer data from the screen of an electronbeam device to a coherent-optical data processing system.

A study was made of the operating characteristics of a spatial and temporal light modulator of the photosemiconductor–liquid crystal type exhibiting an orientational texture transition as well as a cholesteric–nematic phase transition. The photosemiconductor was a chalcogenide film of the selenium–arsenic type and the liquid crystal was a composite based on cyanbiphenyls, azoxy compounds, complex esters, and tolans. The modulator could be used for reversible recording, long-term storage, and positive and negative imaging without recourse to polarization optics or preliminary orientation of the liquid crystal. The maximum sensitivity was 1 μ W/cm2, the resolution was at least 65 pairs of lines/mm, and the minimum write–erase cycle time was 0.75 sec.