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Background. Dysfunction of the bladder and intestinal tract, as well as sexual disorders, can be caused by pathologies of the pelvic organs themselves or changes in the control of these organs by the nervous system. Modern questionnaires are organ-specific and are intended for specific neurological disorders. Questionnaire on pelvic organ function is a valuable instrument for evaluation of complaints from neurological patients, therefore there is a necessity of creating an official adapted Russian version.Aim. Creation of a Russian-language version of the pelvic organ function questionnaire and its validation on a cohort of patients with neurological diseases.Materials and methods. Following international standards, validation of the questionnaire included linguistic and cultural adaptation and assessment of its psychometric properties. Approval of the Russian-language questionnaire version was obtained directly from the developer, Ryuji Sakakibara. The questionnaire was tested twice – before and after treatment. There were 48 patients over 18 years old (18 with Parkinson’s disease, 15 with multiple sclerosis, and 15 post-stroke).Results. The Median (IQR) age of patients was 56.5 (42–70.5) years. A Russian-language version of the questionnaire was developed during linguistic and cultural adaptation. This version of the questionnaire is posted in the text of this publication. It is also available on the website of the validation group of the international scales and questionnaires of the Research Center of Neurology. At the 2nd stage of validation, it was shown that the mean score in the sample was 2.03 ± 0.52 per question upon admission to the hospital and decreased significantly to 1.91 ± 0.51 per question on discharge (Wilcoxon test, p ˂ 0.0001). It confirms the questionnaire’s high sensitivity to changes in the clinical picture. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.82 (p ˂ 0.001).It indicates the high level of internal consistency of the questionnaire. Significant Spearman’s coefficients prove criterion validity of the studied questionnaire compared to the established questionnaires.Conclusion. This Russian-language version of the pelvic organ function questionnaire is a useful assessment tool for patients’ complaints and disease dynamics. This work is valuable as an example of adapting a foreign scale or questionnaire to the local health care system.

В статье публикуются результаты социально‑антропологического исследования жизненных стратегий российской молодежи. В ходе изучения восприятия студентами общегражданских ценностей и российской идентичности осуществлены массовые опросы по единому инструментарию в ВУЗах 8 регионов четырех Федеральных округов Российской Федерации: Дальневосточного, Приволжского, Северо‑Кавказского и Центрального. Анализ особенностей осознания юношами и девушками их гражданской, этнической и региональной идентичностей показал, что в молодежной среде преобладает гражданский тип идентичности. Подавляющее большинство респондентов позиционируют себя как граждане страны и видят своей родиной всю Россию. Отметим, что в массовом сознании студенческой молодежи в целом наблюдается единство мнений о наиболее важных событиях отечественной истории, которыми названы победа Советского Союза в Великой Отечественной войне 1941–1945 гг., а также запуск первого в мире спутника и первый полет человека в космос. Восприятие студентами достижений и направлений деятельности нашего государства постсоветского периода отличается меньшей устойчивостью, поскольку в обществе отношение к современным событиям только формируется. Тем не менее, анализ полученных материалов позволяет сделать вывод о первостепенной значимости научных открытий, культурных и спортивных событий для возникновения патриотических чувств у современной студенческой молодежи. Различия в выборе ответов в зависимости от территории проживания могут свидетельствовать об особенностях политических настроений, реакций на внешние угрозы, ориентаций на первоочередное участие в проектах регионального или государственного уровней, которые свойственны для молодых людей каждого конкретного региона. На разницу в суждениях студентов в определенной степени также влияет содержание учебных программ и качество образования в столичных и провинциальных вузах. The article publishes the results of socio‑anthropological research of the life strategies of Russian youth. To study the students’ perception of general national values and Russian identity, mass and expert surveys with a single design were conducted in universities of 8 regions of four Federal districts of the Russian Federation: The Far Eastern, Volga, North Caucasian and Central districts. The analysis of the awareness of boys and girls of their national, ethnic and regional identities showed that the national of identity predominates among young people. The vast majority of respondents positioned themselves as citizens of the country and considered whole Russia as their homeland. It was observed that in the mass consciousness of students there is general unanimity about the most important events in national history, which include the victory of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945, the launch of the world’s first satellite and the first human space flight. Students’ perception of the achievements and activities of the state in the post‑Soviet period is less stable, as the social attitude towards contemporary events is just being formed. Nevertheless, the results of the study suggest the paramount importance of scientific discoveries, cultural and sports events for the emergence of patriotic feelings among modern students. Differences in the answers depending on the region may indicate the specifics of political attitudes, reactions to external threats, orientations for priority participation in regional or national projects typical for young people in each particular region. The difference in students’ judgments is also to some extent influenced by the curricula and the quality of education in metropolitan and provincial higher education institutions.

Health and productivity of ruminants directly depend on the state of rumen and digestion in intestinal tract. Normal microflora protects the body from pathogenic microbes, stimulates the immune system, participates in metabolic reactions and plays an important role in energy metabolism. Disturbance of species composition of microflora in rumen under effect of various factors leads to a state of dysbiosis, disorders of products digestibility, changes in enzymatic processes and other disorders. Biologically active substances of an adaptogenic nature can show immunomodulatory and antimicrobial activity. Adaptogen lithium ascorbate has stress-protective, neurotrophic, neuroprotective, antioxidant, immunomodulatory properties. In this paper, using molecular genetic methods, the effect of lithium ascorbate on composition of rumen microbiota of sheep was studied for the first time. Composition of microbiota was determined by NGS sequencing method. In total, 37 phylums, 76 classes, 98 orders, 225 families and 894 species of microorganisms were identified. It has been determined that introduction of lithium ascorbate at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight into the main diet of sheep contributed to increase in proportion of cellulolytic bacteria from 73.6±1.6% to 75.4±0.9% and over 40% decrease in total number of infusoria in rumen content. Cellulolytic activity of rumen fluid in sheep of the experimental group increased by 38% compared to the animals of the control group. The number of pathogenic bacteria decreased from 2.7% in sheep of the control group to 1.6% in animals of the experimental group, while the content of beneficial bacilli increased from 0.3% to 0.5%, respectively. Content of undesirable and conditionally pathogenic microflora decreased in the sheep of experimental group. The obtained data confirm positive effect of adaptogen lithium ascorbate, introduced into diet at a dosage of 10 mg/kg of body weight, on qualitative and quantitative composition of microbiota in sheep rumen. Therefore, lithium ascorbate, a broad-spectrum adaptogen, can be recommended as a feed additive to the main diet of sheep to improve rumen digestion and increase productivity.

The algorithm for examining patients for SARS-CoV-2 during admission to non-infectious hospitals, a unified route scheme for patients taking into account the potential infectious hazard is not regulated.The aim of the study is to identify the features of the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 during planned hospitalization in the field of “traumatology and orthopedics”; to present schemes for examining patients for SARS-CoV-2 during hospitalization and patient routing in the clinic.Materials and methods. The route and procedure of examination to exclude the nosocomial spread of COVID-19 in patients hospitalized for three months is described. 3366 survey results were analyzed.Results. Positive PCR tests for COVID-19 before hospitalization were obtained in 4.5 % of patients. High titers of IgM are found in 7.8 % of cases. At the level of the Pass Office, 10.5 % of arrivals were denied hospitalization. The CT scan of the chest organs, which was then carried out, revealed among the examined 9.1 % of asymptomatic pneumonia, of which 93.5 % – with radiological signs of COVID-19, 2/3 of “covid” pneumonia – with a CT-0 degree. Another part of hospitalizations was postponed due to somatic contraindications during clinical examination. After all the selection stages, 73.2 % of planned hospitalizations ended up. In the hospital, 12 cases of COVID-19 were detected in the postoperative period, more often on the 4th day after the operation. A total of 2,328 patients were discharged during the study period – 69.2 % of planned hospitalizations, a third of patients received a medical withdrawal from hospitalization due to COVID-19.Conclusions. The peculiarities of admitting patients to planned hospitalization in the traumatology and orthopedics profile is the difficulty of reliably detecting COVID-19 in a limited time. In some cases of asymptomatic course, the disease is detected only with the help of CT diagnostics. In 0.5 % of cases, COVID-19 is detected in the postoperative period. The described patient routing scheme, multistage diagnostics to exclude COVID-19 are able to ensure maximum infectious safety of patients and staff in the clinic.

Introduction. Dyslipidemia and obesity are interdisciplinary and “multi-metabolic” diseases, pathogenetically associated with the development of atherothrombosis, which creates practical health problems. The development of both dyslipidemia and obesity is influenced by socio-demographic, environmental, genetic and many physiological and behavioral factors, while the contribution of genetic factors is 40-70%. The goal is to identify the genetic characteristics oflipid status and fat metabolism in the indigenous ethnic group of the Arctic region of the Russian Federation under conditions of permanent islandliving.Methods. A cross-sectional population study of an indigenous ethnic group (n = 44) living on Vaygach Island (70 ° 01 ' Nlat 59 ° 33 ' E). The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project №18-00-00814-(18-00-00478). Serum cholesterol and triglycerides were determined as markers oflipid metabolism in blood serum. To analyze the genetic profile, the polymorphism of the FTO A23525T gene and the LPL Ser447Ter gene was determined by polymerase chain reaction.Results. In the sample of the indigenous ethnic group, BMI was 26.0 [21.5; 29.75] kg/m2. BMI for men is 23.0 [18.0; 28.0] kg/m2, for women - 25.0 [18.0; 29.25] kg / m2. Carriers of the unfavorable allele A had a higher BMI than carriers of the T allele. Analysis of the effect of rs9939609 genetic polymorphism on thelevel of total cholesterol did not show statistically significant differences between the FTO gene genotypes. A minimal triglyceride concentration was observed in carriers of the protective genotype Ter/Ter.Conclusion. Understanding the similarities and differences in genetic susceptibility among different ethnic groups can ultimately contribute to a more focused primary prevention and patient-oriented approach of cardiovascular pathology.

Background. Nitrous oxide abuse (“laughing gas”, N2O) is common among young people attending nightclubs. Contrary to popular belief about the safety of N2O, in some cases neurological complications develop due to a deficiency of vitamin B12, the activity of which is blocked by N2O. Purpose of the study – to determine the typology and course of neurological disorders in a group of patients who regularly use “laughing gas”. To note the key diagnostic markers that allow verification of vitamin B12 deficiency induced by nitrous oxide consumption. To describe pathogenetic therapy features and follow-up. Materials and methods. The study included 12 patients (10 men and 2 women) aged 18 to 45 years (average age 29 years) with a diagnosis of B12-deficient myelopolyneuropathy induced by regular use of nitrous oxide. Results. The most common neurological complication of nitrous oxide abuse for more than 1 month was a generalized lesion of the peripheral nerves with acute or subacute distal symmetric sensory or sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy. In the clinical picture, sensory complaints and disorders prevailed. Paresis developed in half of the cases. A typical neuroimaging symptom characteristic of funicular myelosis was rarely detected (16.7 %). A decrease in B12 vitamin level could most reliably be diagnosed only indirectly, by the presence of hyperhomocysteinemia (91.7 % of cases). In all cases that were followed-up, prolonged therapy with cyanocobalamin led to partial (n = 5; 62.5 %) or complete (n = 3; 37.5 %) regression of neurological symptoms. Conclusion. Caution regarding the use of nitrous oxide should be in all cases of predominantly sensory polyneuropathy with acute or subacute development in young and middle-aged people. A thorough history taking (targeted survey on the fact of nitrous oxide consumption) and diagnostics (testing the level of homocysteine, if possible methylmalonic acid) allow you to not miss a deficiency of vitamin B12, the treatment of the consequences of which with timely verification and adequate correction is quite effective. It is recommended that the level of homocysteine in the blood to be regularly monitored during the treatment (in order to achieve its normalization).

After the ion implantation of silicon into sapphire followed by high-temperature annealing, silicon and aluminosilicate precipitates are observed in the surface region of sapphire. X-ray measurements with the mapping of reciprocal space show the presence of a compressive stress with a –0.12% strain in the normal direction, and a tensile stress with a 0.2% strain in the R plane in this region. This reduces the lattice mismatch between sapphire and Si(100) and, thus, can improve the crystal quality of epitaxial Si films grown on such modified sapphire substrates.

Sjogren's syndrome is a systemic connective tissue disease characterized by pronounced clinical polymorphism, which can be encountered in outpatient practice by doctors of various specialties. The article discusses the problems of the resistant course of gastroesophageal reflux disease, which developed against the background of the primary Sjogren syndrome, on the example of clinical observation. The role of in-depth examination of the patient for the correct clinical diagnosis and the involvement of a team of specialists to achieve remission of Sjogren's syndrome is emphasized.

The paper is the fundamental beginning of research series aimed at understanding the processes associated with high performance in higher animals. The research aim is to study correlation of dicarboxylic acid cycle with tricarboxylic acid cycle with establishment of activity and dislocation of enzymes, confirming the hypothesis of availability and active metabolic participation of peroxisome in highly productive animals. Research was conducted on the basis of the VNIIFBiP animal vivarium in 2019 with a group of piglets of the Irish Landrace breed (n = 10). After slaughter at the age of 210 days, the nuclear (with large tissue particles), mitochondrial and postmitochondrial fractions of the liver were studied with assessment of succinate dehydrogenase and activity of other dehydrogenes of the Krebs cycle. It was found that peroxisomes act as universal agents of communication and cooperation, and microtelets are able to generate various chemical signals that carry information, to control and arrange a number of mechanisms in the metabolic processes in the body. Despite the fact that the Krebs cycle dehydrogenases are considered mitochondrial enzymes, the experiment showed an increase in activity of priruvate dehydrogenase (P > 0.1), isocitrate dehydrogenase (0.1 > P > 0.05) and malate dehydrogenase (0.1 > P > 0.05), which, when comparing the mitochondrial and postmitochondrial fractions, indicates a higher activity of peroxisomal fractions. The peroxisome localization place is the postmitochondrial fraction, and the lower layer contains larger peroxisomes to a greater extent, while the upper layer contains smaller ones. It was found that indicator enzymes of glyoxylate cycle isocitratliase and malate synthase exhibit catalytic activity in the peroxisomal fraction of liver of highly productive pigs. The obtained data on functioning of key glyoxylate cycle enzymes and their intracellular compartmentalization in highly productive pigs allow learning more about the specifics of metabolism and its regulation processes. Application of this knowledge in practice opens up prospects for rationalizing the production of livestock products of increased quantity, improved quality with less feed, labor and financial resources spent.

The object of research is the Holocene massive ice veins on the Eastern coast of the Daurkin Peninsula, the easternmost part of the Chukotka. Peat bogs with ice veins occur on the surface of marine terraces (near Uelen and Lorino settlements) and on flood plain of the Koolen’ Lake; the thickness of peat varies from 0.7 to 2.5 m. Radiocarbon dating of the peat enclosing the investigated ice veins near Uelen and Lorino indicated that the beginning of peat accumulation began at the end of Late Pleistocene – early Holocene, about 11 cal ka BP. On the flood plain of the Koolen’ Lake peat bogs began to accumulate in the middle Holocene, i.e. around 6 cal ka BP. At the initial stage of peat bogs formation the rate of peat accumulation was high and could reach 1 cm/10 years. Ice veins occur at a depth of 0.5–1 m, and their lower parts are located in the underlying peat sandy loams and loams. In the upper levels of the peat bogs, narrow present-day ice veins are found, which are sometimes embedded in the upper parts of Holocene veins. A clear sign of syngenetic growth of veins is the upward bending of the layers of the host peat at the lateral contacts with the veins. The main source of water for the formation of ice veins is snow, as evidenced by the ratio of stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen and the values of deuterium excesses in the ice. A slight admixture of saline water (probably from a seasonally thawed layer) was noted in the veins near the Lorino settlement. Reconstructions of winter air paleotemperatures, performed on the basis of data of isotope-oxygen composition of ice from the veins, did show that at the period between 11 and 6 cal Ka BP, the mean winter air temperature on the Daurkin Peninsula was by 2–5 oC lower than today, but the air temperature of the coldest month (January or February) was still lower (by 4-8 oC) than today. The noticeable trend of increase of stable isotope values in the ice veins from early Holocene to the present time is indicative of a steady positive trend of mean winter air temperatures in the Holocene.

The article is dedicated to the study of the problem of punishment of Russian women, members of the populists’ organizations (mainly “People’s Will”, see “Narodnaya Volya”), for participation in political terrorism in the 70s - 80s of the 19th century. A historiographical review of the literature on the topic under consideration is given. The information about women punished for participating in terror against the authorities, including attempts on the emperors Alexander II and Alexander III, is specified and summarized. The facts of the refusal of convicted criminals to protect and pardon are reported. The information about the execution of sentences in respect of women convicted for revolutionary terrorism to death penalty, penal servitude and exile settlement is specified. Their stay at the Peter and Paul Fortress and the House of Pre-Trial Detention in St. Petersburg, and after their conviction - at Kara katorga, Shlisselburg Fortress and other places of punishment is shown in detail. Particular attention is paid to the issue of applying the act of pardon with respect to women victims convicted of political terrorism. To clarify individual facts and dates, different points of view are compared.

Introduction. By Nazaikynskyi’s (2003) definition, genres are “relatively stable types, classes, kinds and sorts of music works that have been formed historically; they could be сlassified according to the following basic criteria: a) specific function (social, domestic or artistic); b) conditions and means of performing; c) the character of the content and the forms of its embodiment” (94). Besides, genre has a memory concerning its origin and existence, it absorbs whole traditions of realisation of genre types that existed during certain historical periods. In such a way it forms the field of meaning around genre concept itself. We have chosen three pieces of L. Shukailo for our analysis. They have been written in Scherzo, Toccata and Rhapsody genres, tightly linked with different historical traditions, and also with the works of the greatest composers. That’s why we concider the analysis of Shukailo’s music in the context of genre tradition as an interesting and fertile perspective. Theoretical Background. There are no studies, dedicated to L. Shukailo’s works nowadays. So, this one has inevitably been a pioneering work in the sphere. At the same time, a considerable amount of literature is available about different explanations of the conception of genre. Notwithstanding these multiple treatises, we prefer to base our research on Nazaikynskyi’s genre definition. The latest studies, concerning the specificity of some music genres also serve for us as valuable sources of information. These are: the thesis and the papers of E. Belash, where Scherzo is characterized as a genre; the thesis of T. Prodma and O. Bondarenko about Toccata; the article of G. Bazyken, dedicated to Rhapsody genre. The objective of the article is to identify the characteristic features of L. Shukailo’s piano pieces (“Scherzo” (1992), “Toccata-Campana” (1994), and “Rhapsody” (1996)) in the context of the genre paradigm and also – to reveal the specific nature of “the image of the genre” in the composer’s music. Methods. The article explores three concert pieces for piano by contemporary Ukrainian composer L. Shukailo in the context of the genre paradigm. The general genre specificity of the works conerning “the image of the genre”, as well as the characteristic style traits of L. Shukailo’s music, has been revealed. The peculiarities of the texture of each of the pieces regarding the “piano image” are analyzed. The reasons why L. Shukaylo’s works in the genres of Scherzo, Toccata and Rhapsody have been selected for analysis are: their connection with the broad historical context, European and national piano tradition, abundant allusions to the music of the predecessors. The expressions “the image of the piano” and “the image of the genre” need some additional explanation. The concept “the image of the piano” had been used for the first time by L. Gakkel in his book “The 20th Century Piano Music” (1990). Then it was further developed by other scholars (for instance, by E. Belash (2015). It means the specificity and the timbre of the instrument that is an integral part of the stylistic complex of the piece of music, created by a composer and represented by a performer. We are convinced that the images of the genres emerged simultaneously with the image of the piano, especially if these genres had a marked piano specificity. It can be fully applied to Scherzo and Toccata genres, and partly – to Rhapsody. The image of the genre is tightly linked to the image of the piano when it сomes to piano music. Results and Discussion. Scherzo is the most versatile genre among others because of its wide range of expressive opportunities. Thus, E. Belash considers Scherzo as a genre, related to the image of the piano, and also to the conception of virtuosity. She assumes that the desire to demonstrate mastery of the piano different explanations of the conception of genre. Notwithstanding these multiple treatises, we prefer to base our research on Nazaikynskyi’s genre definition. The latest studies, concerning the specificity of some music genres also serve for us as valuable sources of information. These are: the thesis and the papers of E. Belash, where Scherzo is characterized as a genre; the thesis of T. Prodma and O. Bondarenko about Toccata; the article of G. Bazyken, dedicated to Rhapsody genre. The objective of the article is to identify the characteristic features of L. Shukailo’s piano pieces (“Scherzo” (1992), “Toccata-Campana” (1994), and “Rhapsody” (1996)) in the context of the genre paradigm and also – to reveal the specific nature of “the image of the genre” in the composer’s music. Methods. The article explores three concert pieces for piano by contemporary Ukrainian composer L. Shukailo in the context of the genre paradigm. The general genre specificity of the works conerning “the image of the genre”, as well as the characteristic style traits of L. Shukailo’s music, has been revealed. The peculiarities of the texture of each of the pieces regarding the “piano image” are analyzed. The reasons why L. Shukaylo’s works in the genres of Scherzo, Toccata and Rhapsody have been selected for analysis are: their connection with the broad historical context, European and national piano tradition, abundant allusions to the music of the predecessors. The expressions “the image of the piano” and “the image of the genre” need some additional explanation. The concept “the image of the piano” had been used for the first time by L. Gakkel in his book “The 20th Century Piano Music” (1990). Then it was further developed by other scholars (for instance, by E. Belash (2015). It means the specificity and the timbre of the instrument that is an integral part of the stylistic complex of the piece of music, created by a composer and represented by a performer. We are convinced that the images of the genres emerged simultaneously with the image of the piano, especially if these genres had a marked piano specificity. It can be fully applied to Scherzo and Toccata genres, and partly – to Rhapsody. The image of the genre is tightly linked to the image of the piano when it сomes to piano music. Results and Discussion. Scherzo is the most versatile genre among others because of its wide range of expressive opportunities. Thus, E. Belash considers Scherzo as a genre, related to the image of the piano, and also to the conception of virtuosity. She assumes that the desire to demonstrate mastery of the piano technique is inherent in the nature of the genre. Quick tempo, passages, shifting of the sounds from one extreme register to another – all these virtuoso techniques of playing are characteristic of the piano Scherzo. Almost the entire arsenal of virtuoso techniques could be found in L. Shukailo’s “Scherzo”. The piece has a traditional, historically-formed, threepart recurring structure, where the contrast is not on the verge of the parts but in the very process of music development. The great potential of the instrument unfolds itself in the Scherzo. Almost the whole diapason of the piano is covered. The composer uses melodious interweaving as well as the “bell” of chords. The instrument reveals both hammering and singing nature of its sound. L. Shukailo employs rather chamber and playful type of Scherzo, characteristic of Chopin, than concert and symphonic one, typical of Liszt. Although the name of L. Shukailo’s piece is of a genre-generalizing character, the Scherzo has a striking imagery. On creating this music, the author might have been referring to some concrete content or image, but it seems she rather gave the audience complete freedom to interpret the music. The Toccata genre tightly relates to the Scherzo genre. Both genres are based on the principles of the Etude, that is, on the same vigorous movement. It is combined with hammering key-touch in Toccata. The unique feature of the “Toccata-Campana” is that, in addition to all conventional traits of the genre such as hammering key-touch, the way of the unfolding of musical material, and virtuosity, the imitation of the bell takes place here. The name of the piece itself tells us about it. The Italian word “Campana” stands for “the bell”. In its turn, it reminds the listeners of “Campanella”, the piece where the sound of the bells is imitated. The idea of the piano as of a percussion is realized in the piece in a very interesting way. It alludes to the percussion of another kind – the sound of the bell. Naturally the sound of the piano and that of the bells are different, but the piano here not only imitates the timbre of another instrument but it expresses those strong emotions the sound of bells usually evokes. Unlike the previous two genres, the Rhapsody genre is associated not with vigorous movement, typical for the Etude, but with folk music and singing. As a rule, quotations of folk music or its stylization have been used in Rhapsody. It usually consists of several contrasting episodes. Rhapsody, with its narrative character, is a detailed story, told by the singerrhapsod. We can see that the idea of instrumental mastery, virtuosity is also characteristic of this genre. Rhapsody is based on the folk songs. L. Shukayilo’s “Rhapsody” has folk components, too, but its genre affiliation can be defined rather as that of a dance. Characteristic repetitions of the same sound are associated with the percussion instrument that accompanies oriental dance. These three concert pieces for piano were created especially for V. Krainev contest. On the one hand, L. Shukailo continues the traditions of piano music, and on the other – creates its own, recognizable piano style, characterized by deep insight into the specificity of the instrument. Obviously, this explains in a great measure the repeated appeals of the organizers of the music contests to the composer for writing the pieces especially for the contests. Conclusions.The analysis of the three L. Shukailoʼs piano works, made in the article, enables us to do the following conclusions: – the pieces analyzed entirely correspond to their genre specificity that has been marked by the composer in the titles; – each of the genres has been interpreted in specific way that tells us of the author’s ingenious view of the genre; thus, in the “Scherzo” the idea of playing is embodied as a symbol of virtuosity; imitation of bell sound has been used in the “Toccata-Campana” with the purpose of emphasizing of the strike effect; and the “Rhapsody” has absorbed a lot of oriental folk dance style; – creating the sound image of piano, the composer in the same time also creates the sound image of genre in all the pieces analyzed.

Background. Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common tunnel neuropathy in which the median nerve is compressed at the level of the wrist in the carpal canal. Treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome can be conservative and surgical. Surgical treatment is indicated in case of ineffective conservative treatment. However, the strategy of managing patients with carpal tunnel syndrome in the postoperative period has not yet been determined; there is no clear understanding of the effectiveness and necessity of rehabilitation in the early and long-term postoperative periods.Aim. Follow-up the patients after decompression of the median nerve in the late (up to 3 weeks after surgery) and long-term (3 weeks after surgery) postoperative periods to assess the effectiveness of different methods of rehabilitation.Materials and methods. A randomized controlled study included 108 cases of idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome (unilateral and bilateral). After surgery, the patients were divided into three groups: the restorative treatment group using magnetic therapy, the kinesiotherapy group, and the control group. Clinical, neurophysiological and ultrasound monitoring was carried out for six months.Results. Patients of all the groups showed similar improvement in the most of the analyzed parameters, without any significant difference.Conclusion. Thus, according to the results of a comprehensive study, it is evident that early diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome and a high-quality surgical decompression of the median nerve with a complete dissection of the flexor retinaculum of the hand guarantee improvement within six months or later after surgical treatment without additional rehabilitation measures.

The material of the work is an integral element of the problem of determining the stress-strain state of various types of arrays, including various forms of recess. In the current problem, the stress state is determined in the plastic zone near an ellipsoidal recess for a compressible mass. There is no pressure inside the recess, and at a considerable distance there is compression by mutually perpendicular forces. A solution is obtained for the case of the first approximation by the small parameter method. The results can be applied in the field of structural mechanics, mining business, and other related fields.

This literature review provides a range of neurological and other organic causes of brachialgia. Features of pain syndrome in different medical conditions are described.

The presented study aims to examine the current state and development prospects of self-regulation in the Russian construction industry.Aim. The study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the current state and development prospects of self-regulation as an institution of public administration, identify the problems of self-regulation in the construction industry, and formulate proposals on solving the identified problems.Tasks. The authors complete the following tasks to achieve the set aim: examine the regulatory framework of the activities of self-regulatory organizations in the construction industry — construction, design, and engineering surveying; analyze the current state and positive trends of self-regulation in the field of construction; identify problems in the activities of self-regulatory organizations in the construction industry — construction, design, and engineering surveying — and development prospects of the examined alternative to government regulation.Methods. The methodological basis of the study comprises the fundamental provisions of the modern economic theory, theories of public and municipal administration and legal sciences. The information base includes regulatory and legal acts of the Russian Federation on self-regulation in the construction industry, data from the State Register of Self-Regulatory Organizations, and statistics in the field of construction.Results. At the current stage of development of self-regulation in the construction industry, the most efficient mechanism for this institution involves guaranteed compensation for damage caused due to shortcomings in the works and services during construction, renovation, capital repairs of construction objects, engineering surveying, design. The victims should be compensated not out of insurance payments under civil insurance contracts, but rather out of the compensation funds of self-regulatory organizations.Conclusion. This study makes it possible to assess the institution of self-regulation in the construction industry — construction, design, and engineering surveying — as an efficient institution for proper protection of the interests of consumers of construction works and services and those of the government.

Objective : To identify additional risk factors of complicated pregnancy and to develop a mathematical model for prognosing the course of gestation using integrative analysis. Materials and methods . We carried out a prospective parallel group study of 240 women with low perinatal risk in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. To study the psycho-emotional state and personality characteristics of pregnant women, we used the SF-36 questionnaire, Osgood’s Semantic differential, G. Eysenck’s self-assessment personality test and the Big five questionnaire proposed by R. McCrae and P. Costa. To assess the impact of the environment on pregnancy, a questionnaire “Degree of satisfaction with the urban environment” composed by Yu.Kataeva was used. Results . We established additional criteria for predicting the course of gestation. In the first trimester they were restrictions of everyday functions due to painful manifestations and signs of early toxicosis, poor health, bad mood, high levels of anxiety, difficulty in being flexible in new life conditions and a tendency to react aggressively. In the second trimester they experienced painful conditions, mood swings, preferring seclusion to relationships and lack of satisfaction with the quality of the urban environment. During the interpretation of the study results we identified additional prognostic factors of the unfavorable course of pregnancy, which allow us to develop targeted programs for medical and psychological support during pregnancy. Conclusion . We investigated the interrelations between the most important factors affecting the normal course of pregnancy, childbirth and the condition of the newborn. This study will allow us to predict the course of pregnancy and elicit additional criteria to form groups with increased obstetric and perinatal risks. We also designed a mathematical model for prognosing the course of gestation that takes into account the identified additional criteria.

Objectives.Improving the quality of road bitumen is currently particularly relevant, since allows you to extend the life of road asphalt coatings with the ever-increasing fleet of cars. The main task of research was to study the effect of used oils on the process of structure formation of oxidized bitumen.Method.The introduction of additives of different nature, i.e. its modification, both itself and raw materials, is one of the main ways to improve the physicomechanical properties of bitumens. Introduction to bitumen of small additives containing carboxyl groups, hydroxy acids and resin acids allows one to control not only the adhesion properties of bitumens, but also to ensure the stability of the asphalt concrete mixture at high temperatures. As components of a polyfunctional modifier, to improve the physicochemical and physicomechanical properties of bitumen and their asphalt concrete, the following distilled talovoe oil TU 13-00281074-26-95, petaerythritol GOST 9286-76 and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer are proposed. -97.Result.A technology has been developed to draw used oils into tars in order to obtain high-quality road bitumen grades BND 60/90 and to investigate the qualitative characteristics of bitumen raw materials, used synthetic and mineral oils and bitumen. Waste oils with deter-gent - dispersant additive CPD (colloidal dispersion of calcium carbonate in oil M-14 stabilized with calcium sulfonate, used in the preparation of motor fuels) can be used in the composition of the residual raw materials of refining processes as an activating additive.Conclusion.Improvement of the physicomechanical properties of high-quality bitumen is possible by complex modification with various additives, which allows creating conditions for the long-term operation of pavements under the influence of modern traffic loads and adverse weather conditions. In order to obtain modified bitumen of improved quality, selection of modifying additives and the technology for their preparation are required.

Inactivation of the Kunitz and Bowman-Birk soybean trypsin inhibitors at hydrolysis of soybean proteins by enzymatic complexes was studied. These complexes are derived from king crab hepatopancreas, cod fish pyloric caeca, and a commercial enzymatic complex of protosubtilin. Analysis of the soybean protein hydrolysates showed that these enzymatic complexes completely digested the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (60–70% of the total trypsin inhibitors) and had almost no effect on the Bowman-Birk trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor. All of the enzymatic complexes contain different sets of enzymes with different proteolytic specificity. This allow to make the conclusion that Bowman-Birk inhibitor is highly resistant to proteolysis and is not inactivated at enzymatic hydrolysis.

The article deals with the causes of failures of endodontic treatment. Connection of complications with the features of the structure of teeth, incorrect interpretation of radiographs, violations of instrumental and medical treatment and root canal filling. Methods of prevention of these complications and ways of their elimination are also described.

The enthalpies of sublimation of five substituted pyridine N-oxides were determined by the Knudsen effusion method with mass spectrometric control of the vapor composition within the framework of the second law of thermodynamics. The sublimation enthalpy of mono-substituted compounds 4-X-PyO depends on the nature of the substituent X and increases in the order CH3→NO2→OCH3. A difference is noted in the nature of dissociative ionization of disubstituted derivatives 2-CH3-4-NO2PyO and 3-CH3-4-NO2PyO. The relationship between the packing of molecules in crystals and the ΔH°subl values is considered.

High-temperature plasma irradiation of materials leads to significant modification of surface structure, growth of deposited composite films and surface layers with induced self-similar granularity on the scale from macroscales to nanoscale due to strong plasma-surface interaction. The aim of this study was to characterize lithium materials irradiated with high-temperature plasma in the T-10 tokamak and PLM device. The reactivity of lithium leads to reactions with impurities in the plasma and on the vessel. Post-mortem analyses by the X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and X-ray analysis have been used to identify deposits composition and morphology. Lithium carbonate composites have been detected by analysis demonstrating materials mixing and evidence of plasma-induced structure. New structures with the high specific surface area of hierarchical granular are registered. The reference industrial powder of lithium carbonate irradiated with steady-state plasma in the PLM device has acquired a new similar structure demonstrating universal influence of plasma on the structure of irradiated materials., Materials science; Plasma physics; X-ray photoemission spectroscopy; Lithium; Lithium carbonate; Plasma test; Plasma induced structure.

Цель: уточнить критерии классификации маркетинговой деятельности по отраслям и сферам; определить виды маркетинга, исходя из отраслевых особенностей деятельности. Обсуждение: на данный момент как в российской, так и в зарубежной литературе не уточнена классификация отраслевых рынков и сфер деятельности. Авторы рассматривают различные подходы к классификации отраслей: с точки зрения отраслевой структуры, с учётом критерия профессиональной отраслевой классификации. Также в статье проанализированы подходы к определению отраслевых разновидностей маркетинга. Выявлено, что у многих авторов в классификации отсутствуют некоторые отраслевые формы маркетинга в основном из сферы услуг. Результаты: авторами предложена классификация маркетинга по отраслям на основе следующих критериев: необходимости отражения общих принципов и закономерностей маркетинга в данной отрасли (сфере деятельности), наличия больших затрат и высокой конкуренции в отрасли, возможности применения общего подхода к маркетинговой деятельности в данной отрасли (сфере).