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Candidiasis is the most common mycosis. Оral candidiasis occurs in the form of stomatitis, including the so-called prosthetic stomatitis. Somewhat less often, fungi of the genus Candida are detected with gingivitis and periodontitis, manifestations of red lichen planus on the oral mucosa.The purpose of the work: to analyze the results of mycological studies and determine the sensitivity of fungi isolated from the oral cavity in vari-ous oral pathologies to the main antimycotics, as well as the formation on this basis of an algorithm for antimycotic therapy of candidal lesions of the oral mucosa and periodontium.Material and methods. The paper uses the results of studies of patients with candidiasis of the oral mucosa (127 patients), prosthetic stomatitis (136 patients), candida-associated periodontitis (168 patients). Primary inoculation was performed quantitatively on Sabouraud’s medium and duplicated on M1297 chromogenic medium (Himedia Labs, India).To study the biofilm formed on the oral mucosa, fixed preparations of gold-coated scrapings were prepared for scanning electron microscopy, which was performed using a Quanta 200 3D bi-beam microscope (USA). Sensitivity to antimycotics was assessed using the traditional method of disks.The results of the study. When studying the species composition of yeast-like fungi isolated from the material, it was found that the species C. albicans was isolated in 80% of patients, in association with other species: C. Krusei, C. guilliermondii and C. glabrata. The second place was taken by the species C. Krusei, which was detected in 13.3% of patients. Representatives of this genus of yeast fungi are characterized by the formation of a biofilm with a pronounced mantle, which protects the microorganism from aggressive factors, including antimycotics and antiseptics. All the studied preparations showed fungicidal activity against these strains of yeast-like fungi. When registering the results, it was found that the most pronounced sensitivity of yeast-like fungi of this species was to drugs from the group of azole derivatives. The most pronounced antifungal activity was noted by us in voriconazole.Conclusion. Based on the obtained data, an algorithm of systemic antimycotic therapy for oral candidiasis has been developed.

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the depth and breadth of the concept of "mentality" in psychology. Based on this, the empirical study of mentality presents certain difficulties. In our study, we proceed from the understanding that mentality is a superstructure that determines the existential meaning of phenomena, processes that distinguish the psychological makeup of a particular society. The research is aimed at studying the yakut mentality through the prism of family relations. It is assumed that the family, as the primary institution of socialization, is the most important mechanism ensuring the continuity of traditional cultural values and the stability of mentality in a changing world.Materials and Methods. The article describes the results of a clinical interview conducted within the framework of psychological counseling. The advantages of a clinical interview in the study of the deep, qualitative features of the mentality of the people are revealed. The study was conducted in Yakutia from 2018 to 2021. The sample size is 99 people. The age of respondents is from 54 to 82 years. Of these, 87 are women, 12 are men.Results. The results of psychological consultations are presented in the form of detailed texts and tables reflecting the quantitative results of content analysis. Clinical interview protocols are analyzed using microsemantic analysis and content analysis.Discussion and Conclusions. It is revealed that the traditional values of the sakha people are preserved in the yakut mentality: respect for elders, family as an extended family. Modern yakut families adhere to the norms of the traditional yakut family: child-centrism, parenting in the children's system, the active participation of grandparents in the upbringing of children, the choice of an informal head of the family not by gender, but by personal characteristics. The participation of several generations in the upbringing of children, the expansion of family resources at the expense of the genus are mechanisms that ensure the continuity of mentality in the yakut culture.

Surgery is an effective approach for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy following hippocampal sclerosis. There is still no clear and unanimous opinion about advantages and disadvantages of certain surgical technique.There were 103 surgical interventions in 101 patients. Females prevailed (1.45:1). Age of patients ranged from 16 to 56 years (median 28). Anteromedial temporal lobectomy and selective amygdaloghippocampectomy were performed in 49 (47.6%) and 54 (52.4%) patients, respectively. In the latter group, 30 patients were operated via a 14-mm burr hole-subtemporal approach. Postoperative outcomes were assessed using the Engel grading system. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 8 years (median 4 years).By the 2Selective amygdaloghippocampectomy is not inferior to anteromedial lobectomy. Moreover, this procedure is associated with a lower risk of complications and adverse events.Хирургия является эффективным методом лечения фармакорезистентной височной эпилепсии, обусловленной склерозом гиппокампа. До сих пор нет четкого и единого мнения о преимуществах и недостатках отдельных методов хирургического лечения.Провести анализ и сравнение исходов лечения больных с мезиальным темпоральным склерозом после антеромедиальной височной лобэктомии и селективной амигдалогиппокампэктомии, включая приступы, а также качество жизни пациентов после операции.Выполнено 103 оперативных вмешательства у 101 пациента (возраст от 16 до 56 лет (медиана 28 лет)). Преобладали женщины — 1,45:1. Антеромедиальная височная лобэктомия выполнена 49 (47,6%) пациентам. Селективная амигдалогиппокампэктомия проведена 54 (52,4%) пациентам, из них 30 прооперированы с применением технологии burr hole — субвисочный доступ через фрезевое отверстие диаметром 14 мм. Исходы хирургического лечения оценивались по шкале Engel. Длительность наблюдения составила от 2 до 8 лет, медиана — 4 года.Через 2 года после операции исход Engel I зафиксирован в 74 (72%) наблюдениях, Engel II, III и IV — в 20 (19,4%), 6 (5,8%) и 3 (2,9%) соответственно. Исход Engel I достигнут после антеромедиальной височной лобэктомии (68%), селективной амигдалогиппокампэктомии со стандартными доступами (75%), а с использованием субвисочного burr hole-доступа — в 80% случаев. Нейрокогнитивные нарушения в группах антеромедиальной лобэктомии и селективной амигдалогиппокампэктомии не различались, в то время какСелективная амигдалогиппокампэктомия не уступает по эффективности антеромедиальной лобэктомии и при этом ассоциирована с меньшим риском развития осложнений и нежелательных последствий.

Приведены оптимизационные задачи из геодезической практики, описаны методы их решения. Под- робно рассмотрены два диаметрально противоположных метода поисковой оптимизации: метод па- рабол и простой генетический алгоритм. На основе этих методов написаны программы в среде Visual Basic for Application. Эффективность разработанных программ проверена при решении тестовой оп- тимизационной геодезической задачи – многократной линейной засечки. Выявлены преимущества и недостатки рассматриваемых методов, определены возможности их дальнейшего применения в гео- дезическом производстве.

The article deals with the causes of failures of endodontic treatment. Connection of complications with the features of the structure of teeth, incorrect interpretation of radiographs, violations of instrumental and medical treatment and root canal filling. Methods of prevention of these complications and ways of their elimination are also described.

The article reviews literature on developmental stages of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). This problem is currently developing and one of the most complex in ophthalmology. The article considers main GWAS of POAG and established GWAS-significant polymorphisms associated with the disease. The topic of genome-wide studies of primary open-angle glaucoma will be of certain interest to ophthalmologists, materials on GWAS-significant loci can be used both in the selection of polymorphisms in replicative studies of POAG in various populations of Russia, and to expand ideas about the molecular genetic mechanisms of the development of the disease.В обзоре литературы освещаются этапы развития полногеномных ассоциативных исследований (GWAS) первичной открытоугольной глаукомы (ПОУГ). В настоящее время эта проблема является развивающейся и одной из самых сложных в офтальмологии. Рассмотрены основные GWAS ПОУГ и установленные GWAS-значимые полиморфизмы, ассоциированные с ПОУГ. Освещение темы GWAS ПОУГ будет интересно для офтальмологов, а материалы о GWAS-значимых локусах могут быть использованы как при отборе полиморфизмов при репликативных исследованиях ПОУГ в различных популяциях России, так и для расширения представлений о молекулярно-генетических механизмах развития заболевания.

The article presents the concept of solving the actual scientific and practical problem – the development of a decision support system at the regional management level using new methods, models, algorithms and software tools that improve the efficiency of decision-making in the support of the strategic planning process. Leading decisions and initial principles that reflect the laws of development and management of regional corporations, the principles of their social management are considered. The organizational structure of the corporation economic and social system management is shown. The main characteristics that satisfy the developed decision support system are determined. The mathematical model of processing the collective expert estimations of the factors of tabular methods of the strategic analysis is considered. The components of the decision support system are determined. The proposed original concept of building a system to support strategic decision making allows increasing the efficiency and transparency of the stages of strategic regional planning for corporations and simplifying the procedures for strategic analysis and budgeting of investment programs.

The features of the structure of semi-hydromorphic meadow-chernozem soils in the Central Chernozem region (Belgorod oblast) and in the Krasnodar territory are studied. Both regions are characterized by the dominance of chernozem soils, but with different specialization of grain farming. It was identified that the patterns of changes of the waterproofness of the structure vary considerably in the study soils. Ambiguous results of assessing the quality of the arable soils using classifications by different authors were obtained. It is shown that the determination of the degradation degree of arable soils by the absolute values of the structure parameters is incorrect. The structure of arable and fallow soils for each region was compared. The content of agronomically valuable fractions in the arable horizons of cultivated soils and humus horizons of fallow lands shows that there is no degradation of the structure in rice soils, and in meadow-chernozem there is weak degradation in the «plow sole».

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) gives the opportunity to examine retrograde degeneration of visual pathway damaged at various levels.To estimate OCT data on retrograde degeneration of visual pathway damaged at various levels.Ganglion cell layer (GCL) thickness was measured by OCT in 79 patients with visual pathway damaged at various levels and known duration of visual disturbances. Twenty-One patients were diagnosed with traumatic lesions of the optic nerves and/or chiasma. Fifty-eight patients had retro-genicular visual pathway damage. Thirty-three patients were examined for postoperative homonymous hemianopia after surgery for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy. Twenty-five patients were diagnosed with occipital lobe damage following stroke (12 patients), surgery for arteriovenous malformation (11 patients) and traumatic brain injury (2 patients). All patients underwent assessment of visual acuity, automatic static perimetry, MRI/CT of the brain. Retinal ganglion cell complex was analyzed during OCT.GCL thinning following anterior visual pathway damage was detected in 20 out of 21 patients after ≥22 days. In case of post-genicular visual pathway damage, GCL thinning was found in 25 out of 58 patients (9 out of 33 ones after surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy and 16 out of 25 patients with occipital lobe lesion). After surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy, minimum period until GCL thinning detection after previous visual pathway damage was 3 months, in case of occipital lobe lesion - 5 months.Retrograde visual pathway degeneration is followed by GCL thinning and depends on the level of visual pathway lesion.С введением в клиническую практику оптической когерентной томографии (ОКТ) появилась возможность прижизненно изучить особенности ретроградной дегенерации зрительного пути (ЗП) при повреждении его на различных уровнях.Оценить по данным ОКТ особенности ретроградной дегенерации ЗП в зависимости от уровня его поражения.Обследовано 79 пациентов с поражением ЗП на различных уровнях и точно известной давностью зрительных нарушений. У 21 пациента диагностировали травматическое повреждение зрительных нервов и/или зрительных нервов и хиазмы. У 58 пациентов выявлено поражение постгеникулярного ЗП. Обследовано 33 пациента с повреждением ЗП, вызванным хирургическим вмешательством по поводу височной эпилепсии. У 25 больных ЗП пострадал на уровне затылочной доли головного мозга — в результате инсульта (12), хирургического вмешательства по поводу артериовенозной мальформации (11), черепно-мозговой травмы (2). Всем пациентам исследовали остроту зрения, проводили автоматическую статическую периметрию, магнитно резонансную томографию/спиральную компьютерную томографию головного мозга, на ОКТ оценивали комплекс ганглиозных клеток сетчатки (КГКС).При травме переднего ЗП патологическое истончение КГКС выявлено у 20 из 21 пациента. Минимальный срок повреждения ЗП, при котором обнаружено патологическое истончение КГКС, составил 22 дня. При повреждении постгеникулярного ЗП истончение КГКС установлено у 25 из 58 пациентов (у 9 из 33 после операции по поводу височной эпилепсии и у 16 из 25 с поражением зрительного анализатора на уровне затылочной доли). После операций по поводу височной эпилепсии минимальный срок повреждения ЗП, при котором зафиксировано патологическое истончение КГКС, составил 3 месяца, при поражении ЗП на уровне затылочной доли головного мозга — 5 месяцев.Ретроградная дегенерация зрительного пути проявляется истончением комплекса ганглиозных клеток сетчатки и зависит от уровня поражения зрительного пути.

Over the past two decades, improvements in surgical tools, navigation systems, and endoscopic techniques have resulted in the widespread use of keyhole surgery for a wide range of skull base tumors. Currently, the trans-eyebrow supraorbital approach is being increasingly used in surgery for anterior cranial fossa and parasellar tumors.The study included 7 patients who underwent surgery for meningioma using the trans-eyebrow supraorbital approach at the Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute in the period between 2013 and 2017. The age of patients ranged from 51 to 75 years (median, 60 years); there were 5 females and 2 males. The maximum diameter of resected tumors ranged from 20 to 60 mm (median 40 mm).Total resection of the tumor was achieved in all 7 cases, which was confirmed by postoperative MRI control. All 7 patients had a good cosmetic result. In 1 case, there was postoperative cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea due to incomplete closure of the frontal sinus, which required the patient to be re-operated. None of 7 cases was associated with injury to the main vessels or cavernous sinus.Supraorbital trans-eyebrow craniotomy provides a minimally invasive approach for removing most anterior cranial fossa base and suprasellar tumors. The advantages of keyhole surgery, in comparison with traditional craniotomies, are minimal complications associated with the approach.В течение последних двух десятилетий в результате совершенствования хирургических инструментов, навигационных систем и эндоскопической техники keyhole-хирургия становится все более востребованной для широкого спектра опухолей основания черепа. В настоящее время супраорбитальный чрезбровный доступ стал все чаще применяться для хирургии опухолей передней черепной ямки и параселлярной области. Материал и методы. В исследование включены 7 пациентов (5 женщин, 2 мужчины), оперированных через супраорбитальный чрезбровный доступ по поводу менингиомы в ННПЦН им. акад. Н.Н. Бурденко с 2013 по 2017 г. Возраст пациентов колебался от 51 года до 75 лет (медиана 60 лет). Размер удаленных опухолей в максимальном измерении составил 20-60 мм (медиана 40 мм). Результаты. Во всех 7 случаях удалось осуществить тотальное удаление опухоли, что было подтверждено послеоперационным МРТ-контролем. У всех 7 пациентов достигнут хороший косметический результат. В 1 случае отмечалась после-операционная назальная ликворея, возникшая в связи с негерметичным закрытием лобной пазухи, которая потребовала повторной операции. Ни один из 7 случаев не сопровождался повреждением магистральных сосудов или кавернозного синуса. Заключение. Супраорбитальная чрезбровная краниотомия обеспечивает минимально инвазивный доступ для удаления большинства опухолей основания передней черепной ямки и супраселлярной области. Преимуществами keyhole-хирургии, по сравнению с традиционными краниотомиями, являются минимальные осложнения, связанные с доступом.

The intermetallic compound Mg2Ni as a potential material for hydrogen storage has been investigated theoretically. The sorption and diffusion of a hydrogen atom in the bulk and on the surface of this material, as well as the step-by-step process of dissociative chemisorption of a H2 molecule on the surface, have been considered. The dependence of the sorption energy of atomic hydrogen on the structural characteristics of the intermetallic compound Mg2Ni has been analyzed.

Silicon carbide is among the most common materials used in semiconductor engineering. Silicon carbide thin films are attractive from the standpoint of designing devices based on heterojunctions. This is due to a characteristic feature of this compound, such as polytypism, leading to the difference in the physical properties and also hampering the preparation of high-quality material samples. In this work, the thermodynamic stability and electronic structure of thin films based on the polytypes 3C, 2H, and 2D with a thickness of a few nanometers have been studied.

Using the PAW DFT-GGA method and numerical solving of master equation the diffusion rates of lithium atoms inside both crystal and amorphous silicon of LixSi (x= 0..0.5) composition have been calculated for different temperatures. It is shown the diffusion rate for amorphous silicon is ~10 times greater than that for the crystal silicon. For both structures the rate is increased by 1.5-2 orders of magnitude while the lithium concentration is increased up to 0.5 value. This should result in that the LixSi/Si interface will be sharp. This fact has been further confirmed using molecular dynamic calculations based on Angular Dependent Potential (ADP) model. Also binding energies of Li atoms lying on different sites of Si (001) surface as well as the potential barriers for the atom jumps both along the surface and in the subsurface layers have been calculated. The data show the Li atoms move along the surface very easily but their jumps into subsurface layers are very difficult due to the high potential barrier values.

This article describes a software suite for determining degrees of tilt in cylindrical structures based on one of the simplest search optimization methods (the evolutionary algorithm). The software was designed using Visual Basic for Applications. It contains several blocks (subprograms), with each of them performing a specific task.

The 3D vector problem of diffraction of the fields of two coupled parallel electric dipoles located in parallel to an infinitely thin rectangular perfectly conducting screen is considered. On the basis of the asymptotic solution to this problem, fast algorithms and programs are developed for computation of patterns, the directive gain, and the radiation resistance as functions of the geometric parameters and electric dimensions of the radiating structure. It is shown that, when the distance between a dipole and the screen is fixed, the appropriately chosen distance between the dipoles and the appropriately chosen dimensions of the screen provide for axially symmetric patterns and the maximum maximorum directive gain.

The energy of the sorption and diffusion of lithium atoms on the reconstructed (4 × 2) (100) silicon surface in the process of their transport into near-surface layers, as well as inside crystalline silicon, at various lithium concentrations have been investigated within the density functional theory. It has been shown that single lithium atoms easily migrate on the (100) surface and gradually fill the surface states (T3 and L) located in channels between silicon dimers. The diffusion of lithium into near-surface silicon layers is hampered because of high potential barriers of the transition (1.22 eV). The dependences of the binding energy, potential barriers, and diffusion coefficient inside silicon on distances to the nearest lithium atoms have also been examined. It has been shown that an increase in the concentration of lithium to the Li0.5Si composition significantly reduces the transition energy (from 0.90 to 0.36 eV) and strongly increases (by one to three orders of magnitude) the lithium diffusion rate.

The geometrical characteristics of a 2D SiC monolayer on Mg(0001) and MgO(111) plates regarded as potential materials for growing two-dimensional silicon carbide were studied. The most favorable positions of the atoms of 2D SiC on the substrates were determined. In the 2D SiC/Mg(0001) system, unlike in 2D SiC/MgO(111), the deviation of the carbon atom from the silicon carbide monolayer was insignificant (0.08 A). Consequently, magnesium can be used as a substrate for growing two-dimensional silicon carbide. The use of MgO(111) is not recommended because of a significant distortion of the 2D SiC surface.

The aim of this work was to study morpho-functional myocardial characteristics in patients with masked arterial hypertension (AH) and white coat hypertension (WCH) given antihypertensive therapy (AHT) and without it. This cross-sectional cohort study included employees of a large industrial enterprise who annually underwent routine medical examination supplemented by 24 hr AP monitoring and echocardiography carried out at specified time of the working day. The participants of the study were divided into 6 groups based on the relationship between clinical AP and mean AP during work. Group I comprised 20 (7%) subjects with normal AP, group 2--20 (7%) with masked AH, group 3--40 (14%) with WCH, group 4--81 (28.3%) with optimal A HT effect, group 5--64 (22.4%) with unmanifest inefficiency of AHT, group 6--40 (14%) with WCH during AHT. Criteria for masked AH and unmanifest AHT inefficiency were clinical AP below 140 and 90 mm Hg in combination with mean AP during work 135 and/or 85 mm Hg and higher. Echocardiography was performed in a standard positions in M- and B-modes as well as in three Doppler regimes. One-factor ANOVA was used to analyze differences between the groups and Pearson's Chi-square test to determine the relationship between categorical variables. 206 (72%) of the 286 employees of the large industrial enterprise had a diagnosis of AH. It was shown that ambulatory AP values obtained by 24 hr monitoring better characterized the patient's condition than clinical AP since they correlated with the frequency of disorders in the target organs and the risk of cardiovascular complications in patients with AH. Patients with masked AH more frequently developed left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction than those having normal clinical and ambulatory AP. The mean width of the left ventricle wall and left ventricular isovolumic relaxation time (therefore, the degree of LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction) in the patients with unmanifest inefficiency of AHT were greater than in those with optimal AHT effect. The occurrence of WCH was comparable in the two groups. These data were used to determine intensity of preventive AHT at the workplace with a view to improving medical and occupational prognosis.

Experimental data on the kinetics of formation and decomposition of iodine-starch clathrate complexes (amyloiodine and amylopectoiodine) in low-frequency (5–45 Hz) acoustic fields are reported. The biological activity of these compounds suggests their use as a model of biocatalysts, in which iodine represents the coenzyme active group and starch homopolysaccharides (amylopectin and amylose) represents the apoenzyme.

Influence of ordered monovacancies on elastic properties of graphene is theoretically investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Inverse linear dependence of the graphene Young's modulus on the concentration of vacancies has been revealed and migration rate of the vacancies has been calculated as a function of applied strain. It is shown that the migration rate can be controlled by applying various strains or temperatures. The influence of ordered monovacancies on magnetic properties of graphene as well as graphene-like hexagonal carbon silicide (2D-SiC) and the boron nitride (h-BN) structures is investigated. It is established that the presence of vacancies in all systems yields the appearance of local magnetic moment. However, in 2D-SiC structure the magnetic moment occurs only in the case of a Si vacancy. Influence of the distance between vacancies on the ferromagnetic or anti-ferromagnetic ordering for all structures is established.

The magnetic properties of vacancies in 2D hexagonal structures—graphene and 2D-SiC and h-BN monolayers—have been studied. It has been found that a local magnetic moment exists in all listed systems in the presence of vacancies. However, in 2D hexagonal silicon carbide, the local magnetic moment appears only in the presence of silicon vacancy. In addition, the effect of the distance between vacancies in a monolayer on transitions between the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states has been revealed.

LixBC3 intercalated compounds with various configurations are studied for their possible application as electrode materials for lithium current sources. For this purpose, the band structure and the density of states were calculated for each structure, and energy stability and possible deformations due to a change in the unit cell volume during intercalation are investigated.

It is noted that the development of semiconductor SiC-electronics is prevented by a low quality of grown silicon carbide single crystals. It is found that structural defects of a substrate penetrating into an epitaxial layer upon subsequent homoepitaxial growth can considerably degrade a device’s characteristics. We investigate the effect of the deformation of a hexagonal SiC monolayer on vacancy stability and material properties, and study the processes of silicon and carbon adatom migration over a surface of SiC.

The electronic, geometric, and magnetic structure of nanofilms of the β phase of iron disilicide FeSi2 with the (001), (100), and (010) surfaces have been simulated through density functional calculations. A substantial reconstruction of the (001) surface terminated with silicon atoms has been observed, which was accompanied by an increase in the surface symmetry and appearance of “squares” of silicon atoms. Analysis of the electron density of states (DOS) and spin DOS projected on the contributions of layers of atoms (LSDOS) indicates that all plates have metallic properties. The main contribution near the Fermi level comes from the surface iron layers and it decreases rapidly with an increase in the distance from the surface of the plate. Analysis of the calculated effective magnetic moments of atoms shows that the surface layers in the plates have a significant magnetic moment, in particular, iron layers on the (001) surface (1.89 μB/atom). The moments of atoms decrease rapidly with an increase in their distance from the surface. The electron and geometric regions of a (001)Si/FeSi2 interface have been studied. Analysis of the LSDOS shows that the surface conducting state mainly determined by the contribution from the near-surface silicide layers is implemented in this region. The possibility of the formation of the perfect and sharp Si/FeSi2 interface has been demonstrated.

The use of carbon nanotubes coated by atoms of transition metals to store molecular hydrogen is associated with the problem of the aggregation of these atoms, which leads to the formation of metal clusters. The quantum-chemical simulation of cluster models of the carbon surface of a graphene type with scandium and titanium atoms has been performed. It has been shown that the presence of five- and seven-membered rings, in addition to six-membered rings, in these structures makes it possible to strongly suppress the processes of the migration of metal atoms over the surface, preventing their clustering.

The ability of lithium to form complexes with a boron α sheet and the occurrence of ionic conduction in the compounds formed were evaluated using quantum-chemical methods. The obtained materials were established to be stable, and the weight fraction of lithium can reach 0.32. It was concluded that a low potential barrier for migration of lithium ions over the surface indicates the presence of ionic conduction.

The aim of this work was to identify new genetic markers associated with different forms of Par� kinson's disease. The frequency of different allele variants of the minisatellite UPS29, localized in the intron of centaurin β5 gene (CENTB5), was evaluated for patients with this pathology. An increase in the frequency of UPS29 short alleles was observed for Parkinson's disease patients. This value depended on patient sex and the time of disease onset. Statistically significant differences with the control were found only for females with early (30-50 years of age) and late (over 60 years of age) onset of Parkinson's disease. It is suggested that UPS29 might be used as a new genetic marker for early (presymptomatic) diagnosis of predisposition to some forms of Parkinson's disease.

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown nature. Patients often present with pulmonary, skin, eye, and orbital lesions. Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) is accompanied by granulomatous leptomeningitis and damage to the basal brain structures with formation of granulomas near the cranial nerves, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, cavernous sinuses, optic chiasm, and intracranial optic nerves. The optic nerves can be affected independently of the other CNS regions, which may be the first manifestation of the disease. The article presents two clinical cases of sarcoidosis affecting the anterior visual pathway. Diagnosis of the disease was associated with certain difficulties. A biopsy revealed a sarcoidosis lesion.Саркоидоз является мультисистемным гранулематозным заболеванием, природа которого неизвестна. Клинические проявления наблюдаются чаще со стороны легких, кожи, глаз и орбиты. При поражении центральной нервной системы (ЦНС) имеет место гранулематозный лептоменингит, а также поражение структур основания мозга с формированием гранулем около черепно-мозговых нервов, в области гипоталамуса, гипофиза, кавернозных синусов, хиазмы, интракраниальных отделов зрительных нервов. Зрительные нервы могут поражаться независимо от других отделов ЦНС, что может быть первым проявлением заболевания. В статье представлены два клинических наблюдения поражения структур переднего зрительного пути саркоидозом. Диагностика заболевания имела определенные трудности. Биопсия образования позволила уточнить саркоидозную природу поражения.

Assessment of frequency and severity of visual field disorders after neurosurgical operations at patients with pharmacoresistant form of epilepsy in hippocampus sclerosis.The study included 48 patients having surgical operations for a pharmacoresistant form of temporal lobe epilepsy due to hippocampus sclerosis. Anterior lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy (LE + AHE) was performed in 25 patients; Selective amygdalohippocampectomy (SAHE) was performed in 23 patients. We evaluated both the frequency of cases of homonymous visual field disorders and their severity.After surgery the normal visual field was preserved at 7 (14.6%) patients. The appearance of visual field disorder by the type of homonymous hemianopsia was observed at 41 (85.4%) patients. When assessing the severity of visual field disorder, the smallest disorder was at patients who underwent sub-temporal access of SAHE: a statistically significant difference in the frequency of severe visual field disorder was revealed when comparing this group with patients having LE + AHE (p0.02), as well as with patients having SAHE with access through sylvian gap (p0.02).SAHE with sub-temporal access allows maintaining or minimally injuring the central optic neuron fibers, including the Meyer loop at patients operated for symptomatic temporal lobe epilepsy.Цель исследования - оценка частоты и степени выраженности дефектов поля зрения после нейрохирургических операций у пациентов с фармакорезистентной формой эпилепсии при склерозе гиппокампа. Материал и методы. В исследование включены 48 пациентов, оперированных по поводу фармакорезистентной формы височной эпилепсии, обусловленной склерозом гиппокампа. Передняя лобэктомия с амигдалогиппокампэктомией (ЛЭ+АГЭ) осуществлена 25 пациентам; селективная амигдалогиппокампэктомия (САГЭ) - 23 пациентам. Оценивали как частоту появления гомонимных дефектов поля зрения, так и степень их выраженности. Результаты. После операции нормальное поле зрения сохранилось у 7 (14,6%) больных. Появление дефекта поля зрения по типу гомонимной гемианопсии отмечено у 41 (85,4%) пациента. При оценке степени выраженности дефекта поля зрения наименьший дефект отмечен у больных, которым выполняли САГЭ с субвисочным доступом: выявлена статистически значимая разница частоты тяжелых нарушений полей зрения при сравнении показателей у больных этой группы с показателями у исследуемых, перенесших ЛЭ+АГЭ (p0,02), а также с показателями у пациентов, подвергшихся САГЭ с доступом через сильвиеву щель (р0,02). Выводы. Селективная амигдалогиппокампэктомия с применением субвисочного доступа позволяет сохранить либо минимально травмировать волокна центрального неврона зрительного пути, в том числе и петлю Meyer у пациентов, оперируемых по поводу симптоматической височной эпилепсии.

This study was to define efficacy and safety of method percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in the treatment of thyroid cystic nodules of 20 girls and 1 boy at the age of 12—17. In 19 cases PEI was performed with purpose of elimination of cosmetic problems, and in 2 cases among them (nodule volume 31.7 and 44.1 ml) it was done also for liquidation of neck compression. 4 months later after doing the procedure, the volume of nodules in the group of children, which had been studied, decreased on an average 95.5%, and after 12.6—41.3 months of medical observation it kept the same level of volume. In one case a transient paresis n. recurrence was fixed. It retrogressed after 2 weeks spontaneously. The high efficacy PEI among children and adolescents was established, which didn’t depend on the sizes of the nodules and combination of levothyroxine suppressive therapy. It didn’t depend on the facts, which were connected with methodology of procedure either. The efficacy PEI was higher with cystic component, taking more than a half of the volume of nodule.