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3,806 results on '"N., Mori"'

1. On the need to integrate interannual natural variability into coastal multihazard assessments

Author

I. Odériz, I. J. Losada, R. Silva, and N. Mori

Subjects
Multihazard, Winds, Ocean waves, AO, SAM, ENSO, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The co-occurrence of multiple hazards can either exacerbate or mitigate risks. The interrelationships between multiple hazards greatly depend on the spatiotemporal scale and can be difficult to detect from large to local scales. In this paper, we identified coastal regions worldwide where the leading tropical (El Niño-Southern Oscillation, ENSO) and polar (Arctic Oscillation, AO; Southern Annular Mode, SAM) modes of climate variability simultaneously modify the seasonal conditions of multiple hazards, including the near-surface wind speed and swell and wind-sea wave powers. We classified the results at the national and municipal levels, with a focus on multiple hazards simultaneously occurring in space and time. The results revealed that the ENSO modulates multiple hazards, affecting approximately 40% of coastal countries, while the polar annular modes affect approximately 30% of coastal countries. The ENSO induced a greater diversity of multiple hazards, with Asian countries (e.g., Indonesia experienced increases of + 2% in wind and + 7% in swell) and countries in the Americas (e.g., Peru exhibited increases of + 1.5% in wind and + 6% in wind-sea) the most notably affected. The SAM imposed a greater influence on swells in the eastern countries of ocean basins (+ 2.5% in Chile) than in other countries, while the influence of the AO was greater in Norway and the UK (+ 12% for wind-sea and 8% for swell). Low-lying islands exhibited notable variations in pairwise hazards between phases and seasons. Our results could facilitate the interpretation of multihazard interactions and pave the way for a wide range of potential implementations of different coastal industries.

Published
2024
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2. Temporal and individual variation in the feeding habits of Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus)

Author

Tomoki Mori, Saki N. Mori, and Shigeyuki Izumiyama

Subjects
diets, individual characteristics, scat, seasonal shifts, Ursus thibetanus, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

Abstract Foraging plays a vital role in the survival of wildlife, and shifts in food availability can impact species fitness and survival. Ursids are known to consume a wide variety of foods and are known to be opportunistic omnivores. Consequently, seasonal shifts in diet, which correspond to temporal and spatial shifts in the availability of food resources, have long captivated researchers studying the foraging behavior of Ursidae. Nevertheless, comprehensive dietary studies encompassing both the population and individual levels remain scarce. In this study, we investigated the dietary patterns of Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) at both the population and individual levels, using data collected through GPS collars and field surveys of individual bear scat samples in Nagano Prefecture, Japan, from 2016 to 2020. From early April to late June, bears mainly foraged on green vegetation. During this period, male and large‐bodied female bears showed a strong preference for green vegetation. Small‐bodied female bears also ate mostly green vegetation but tended to consume more fruit than other bears towards the end of this period. From June to October, bears' diets included a substantial amount of fruit, with notable peaks in fruit consumption in late June and early September. During the summer months, female bears often incorporated social insects into their diet compared to the population‐level trend. In mid‐September, the consumption of seeds from the Fagaceae family surged, becoming the primary dietary component during this period. This trend was consistently observed across the population. These findings underscore the importance conducting in‐depth dietary analyses that take into account individual characteristics such as sex, age, and body weight.

Published
2024
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3. The CALOCUBE project for a space based cosmic ray experiment: design, construction, and first performance of a high granularity calorimeter prototype

Author

O., Adriani, S., Albergo, L., Auditore, A., Basti, E., Berti, G., Bigongiari, L., Bonechi, M., Bongi, V., Bonvicini, S., Bottai, P., Brogi, G., Cappello, G., Carotenuto, G., Castellini, W., Cattaneo P., R., Cecchi, C., Checchia, R., D'Alessandro, S., Detti, M., Fasoli, N., Finetti, A., Italiano, P., Lenzi, P., Maestro, M., Manetti, S., Marrocchesi P., N., Mori, F., Morsani, M., Olmi, A., Orsini, G., Orzan, L., Pacini, P., Papini, G., Pellegriti M., A., Rappoldi, S., Ricciarini, A., Sciuto, P., Spillantini, O., Starodubtsev, L., Stiaccini, F., Stolzi, A., Sulaj, E., Suh J., A., Tiberio, A., Tricomi, A., Trifiro, M., Trimarchi, E., Vannuccini, A., Vedda, Zampa, G., and N, N. Zampa

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Current research in High Energy Cosmic Ray Physics touches on fundamental questions regarding the origin of cosmic rays, their composition, the acceleration mechanisms, and their production. Unambiguous measurements of the energy spectra and of the composition of cosmic rays at the "knee" region could provide some of the answers to the above questions. So far only ground based observations, which rely on sophisticated models describing high energy interactions in the earth's atmosphere, have been possible due to the extremely low particle rates at these energies. A calorimetry based space experiment that could provide not only flux measurements but also energy spectra and particle identification, would certainly overcome some of the uncertainties of ground based experiments. Given the expected particle fluxes, a very large acceptance is needed to collect a sufficient quantity of data, in a time compatible with the duration of a space mission. This in turn, contrasts with the lightness and compactness requirements for space based experiments. We present a novel idea in calorimetry which addresses these issues whilst limiting the mass and volume of the detector. In this paper we report on a four year R&D program where we investigated materials, coatings, photo-sensors, Front End electronics, and mechanical structures with the aim of designing a high performance, high granularity calorimeter with the largest possible acceptance. Details are given of the design choices, component characterisation, and of the construction of a sizeable prototype (Calocube) which has been used in various tests with particle beams.

Published
2019
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4. Direct Measurement of the Spectral Structure of Cosmic-Ray Electrons+Positrons in the TeV Region with CALET on the International Space Station

Author

O. Adriani, Y. Akaike, K. Asano, Y. Asaoka, E. Berti, G. Bigongiari, W. R. Binns, M. Bongi, P. Brogi, A. Bruno, J. H. Buckley, N. Cannady, G. Castellini, C. Checchia, M. L. Cherry, G. Collazuol, G. A. de Nolfo, K. Ebisawa, A. W. Ficklin, H. Fuke, S. Gonzi, T. G. Guzik, T. Hams, K. Hibino, M. Ichimura, K. Ioka, W. Ishizaki, M. H. Israel, K. Kasahara, J. Kataoka, R. Kataoka, Y. Katayose, C. Kato, N. Kawanaka, Y. Kawakubo, K. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, H. S. Krawczynski, J. F. Krizmanic, P. Maestro, P. S. Marrocchesi, A. M. Messineo, J. W. Mitchell, S. Miyake, A. A. Moiseev, M. Mori, N. Mori, H. M. Motz, K. Munakata, S. Nakahira, J. Nishimura, S. Okuno, J. F. Ormes, S. Ozawa, L. Pacini, P. Papini, B. F. Rauch, S. B. Ricciarini, K. Sakai, T. Sakamoto, M. Sasaki, Y. Shimizu, A. Shiomi, P. Spillantini, F. Stolzi, S. Sugita, A. Sulaj, M. Takita, T. Tamura, T. Terasawa, S. Torii, Y. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, E. Vannuccini, J. P. Wefel, K. Yamaoka, S. Yanagita, A. Yoshida, K. Yoshida, and W. V. Zober

Published
2023
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5. Global ocean wave fields show consistent regional trends between 1980 and 2014 in a multi-product ensemble

Author

L. Erikson, J. Morim, M. Hemer, I. Young, X. L. Wang, L. Mentaschi, N. Mori, A. Semedo, J. Stopa, V. Grigorieva, S. Gulev, O. Aarnes, J.-R. Bidlot, Ø. Breivik, L. Bricheno, T. Shimura, M. Menendez, M. Markina, V. Sharmar, C. Trenham, J. Wolf, C. Appendini, S. Caires, N. Groll, and A. Webb

Subjects
Geology, QE1-996.5, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

In about 30 to 40% of the global ocean, including most of the Southern Hemisphere, mean and extreme wave heights have increased in magnitude between 1980 and 2014, according to a multiproduct ensemble of historical global wave climate assessments.

Published
2022
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6. A global ensemble of ocean wave climate statistics from contemporary wave reanalysis and hindcasts

Author

J. Morim, L. H. Erikson, M. Hemer, I. Young, X. Wang, N. Mori, T. Shimura, J. Stopa, C. Trenham, L. Mentaschi, S. Gulev, V. D. Sharmar, L. Bricheno, J. Wolf, O. Aarnes, J. Perez, J. Bidlot, A. Semedo, B. Reguero, and T. Wahl

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Measurement(s) Significant wave height • Mean wave period • Mean wave direction Technology Type(s) Global wave reanalysis and hindcasts Sample Characteristic - Environment Wind-waves Sample Characteristic - Location Global

Published
2022
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7. Charge-Sign Dependent Cosmic-Ray Modulation Observed with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author

O. Adriani, Y. Akaike, K. Asano, Y. Asaoka, E. Berti, G. Bigongiari, W.R. Binns, M. Bongi, P. Brogi, A. Bruno, J.H. Buckley, N. Cannady, G. Castellini, C. Checchia, M.L. Cherry, G. Collazuol, G.A. de Nolfo, K. Ebisawa, A. W. Ficklin, H. Fuke, S. Gonzi, T.G. Guzik, T. Hams, K. Hibino, M. Ichimura, K. Ioka, W. Ishizaki, M.H. Israel, K. Kasahara, J. Kataoka, R. Kataoka, Y. Katayose, C. Kato, N. Kawanaka, Y. Kawakubo, K. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, H.S. Krawczynski, J.F. Krizmanic, P. Maestro, P.S. Marrocchesi, A.M. Messineo, J.W. Mitchell, S. Miyake, A.A. Moiseev, M. Mori, N. Mori, H.M. Motz, K. Sakai, and M. Sasaki

Subjects
Space Sciences (General), Instrumentation and Photography
Abstract

We present the observation of a charge-sign dependent solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope onboard the International Space Station over 6 yr, corresponding to the positive polarity of the solar magnetic field. The observed variation of proton count rate is consistent with the neutron monitor count rate, validating our methods for determining the proton count rate. It is observed by the Calorimetric Electron Telescope that both GCR electron and proton count rates at the same average rigidity vary in anticorrelation with the tilt angle of the heliospheric current sheet, while the amplitude of the variation is significantly larger in the electron count rate than in the proton count rate. We show that this observed charge-sign dependence is reproduced by a numerical “drift model” of the GCR transport in the heliosphere. This is a clear signature of the drift effect on the long-term solar modulation observed with a single detector.

Published
2023
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8. Direct Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Helium Spectrum from 40 GeV to 250 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author

O. Adriani, Y. Akaike, K. Asano, Y. Asaoka, E. Berti, G. Bigongiari, W. R. Binns, M. Bongi, P. Brogi, A. Bruno, J. H. Buckley, N. Cannady, G. Castellini, C. Checchia, M. L. Cherry, G. Collazuol, G. A. de Nolfo, K. Ebisawa, A. W. Ficklin, H. Fuke, S. Gonzi, T. G. Guzik, T. Hams, K. Hibino, M. Ichimura, K. Ioka, W. Ishizaki, M. H. Israel, K. Kasahara, J. Kataoka, R. Kataoka, Y. Katayose, C. Kato, N. Kawanaka, Y. Kawakubo, K. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, H. S. Krawczynski, J. F. Krizmanic, P. Maestro, P. S. Marrocchesi, A. M. Messineo, J. W. Mitchell, S. Miyake, A. A. Moiseev, M. Mori, N. Mori, H. M. Motz, K. Munakata, S. Nakahira, J. Nishimura, S. Okuno, J. F. Ormes, S. Ozawa, L. Pacini, P. Papini, B. F. Rauch, S. B. Ricciarini, K. Sakai, T. Sakamoto, M. Sasaki, Y. Shimizu, A. Shiomi, P. Spillantini, F. Stolzi, S. Sugita, A. Sulaj, M. Takita, T. Tamura, T. Terasawa, S. Torii, Y. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, E. Vannuccini, J. P. Wefel, K. Yamaoka, S. Yanagita, A. Yoshida, K. Yoshida, and W. V. Zober

Published
2023
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9. Direct measurements of cosmic rays with the calorimetric electron telescope on the international space station

Author

Y. Akaike, O. Adriani, K. Asano, Y. Asaoka, E. Berti, G. Bigongiari, W. R. Binns, M. Bongi, P. Brogi, A. Bruno, J. H. Buckley, N. Cannady, G. Castellini, C. Checchia, M. L. Cherry, G. Collazuol, K. Ebisawa, A. W. Ficklin, H. Fuke, S. Gonzi, T. G. Guzik, T. Hams, K. Hibino, M. Ichimura, K. Ioka, W. Ishizaki, M. H. Israel, K. Kasahara, J. Kataoka, R. Kataoka, Y. Katayose, C. Kato, N. Kawanaka, Y. Kawakubo, K. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, H. S. Krawczynski, J. F. Krizmanic, P. Maestro, P. S. Marrocchesi, A. M. Messineo, J. W. Mitchell, S. Miyake, A. A. Moiseev, M. Mori, N. Mori, H. M. Motz, K. Munakata, S. Nakahira, J. Nishimura, G. A. de Nolfo, S. Okuno, J. F. Ormes, S. Ozawa, L. Pacini, P. Papini, B. F. Rauch, S. B. Ricciarini, K. Sakai, T. Sakamoto, M. Sasaki, Y. Shimizu, A. Shiomi, P. Spillantini, F. Stolzi, S. Sugita, A. Sulaj, M. Takita, T. Tamura, T. Terasawa, S. Torii, Y. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, E. Vannuccini, J. P. Wefel, K. Yamaoka, S. Yanagita, A. Yoshida, K. Yoshida, W. V. Zober

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope, CALET, has been measuring high-energy cosmic rays on the International Space Station since October 13, 2015. The scientific objectives addressed by the mission are to search for possible nearby sources of high-energy electrons and potential signatures of dark matter, and to investigate the details of galactic cosmic-ray acceleration and propagation. The calorimetric instrument, which is 30 radiation lengths or 1.3 proton interaction lengths thick with fine imaging capability, is optimized to measure cosmic-ray electrons by achieving large proton rejection and excellent energy resolution well into the TeV region. In addition, very wide dynamic range of energy measurement and individual charge identification capability enable us to measure proton and nuclei spectra from a few tens GeV to a PeV scale. Nearly 20 million cosmic-ray shower events over 10 GeV per month are triggered and the continuous observation has been kept without any major interruption since the start of operation. Using the data obtained over 6.5 years of operation, we will present a brief summary of the CALET observation including electron spectrum, and proton and nuclei spectra as well as the performance study on orbit with MC simulations.

Published
2023
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10. A matter of time: A systematic scoping review on a potential role of the circadian system in binge eating behavior

Author

Francisco Romo-Nava, Anna I. Guerdjikova, Nicole N. Mori, Frank A. J. L. Scheer, Helen J. Burgess, Robert K. McNamara, Jeffrey A. Welge, Carlos M. Grilo, and Susan L. McElroy

Subjects
binge eating, circadian, chronobiology, actigraphy, obesity, chronotype, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641
Abstract

BackgroundEmerging research suggests that food intake timing, eating behavior and food preference are associated with aspects of the circadian system function but the role that the circadian system may play in binge eating (BE) behavior in humans remains unclear.ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the evidence for circadian system involvement in BE behavior.MethodsSystematic searches of PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus were performed for reports published from inception until May 2020 (PROSPERO Registration CRD42020186325). Searches were conducted by combining Medical Subject Headings related to the circadian system, BE behavior, and/or interventions. Observational and interventional studies in humans with BE behavior published in peer-review journals in the English language were included. Studies were assessed using quality and risk of bias tools (AXIS, ROB 2.0, or ROBINS).ResultsThe search produced 660 articles, 51 of which were included in this review. Of these articles, 46 were observational studies and 5 were interventional trials. Evidence from these studies suggests that individuals with BE behavior tend to have more food intake, more binge cravings, and more BE episodes later in the day. Hormonal and day/night locomotor activity rhythm disturbances may be associated with BE behavior. Furthermore, late diurnal preference (“eveningness”) was associated with BE behavior and chronobiological interventions that shift the circadian clock earlier (e.g., morning bright light therapy) were found to possibly decrease BE behavior. Substantive clinical overlap exists between BE and night eating behavior. However, there is a significant knowledge gap regarding their potential relationship with the circadian system. Limitations include the lack of studies that use best-established techniques to assess the chronobiology of BE behavior, heterogeneity of participants, diagnostic criteria, and study design, which preclude a meta-analytic approach.ConclusionCurrent evidence, although limited, suggests that the circadian system may play a role in the etiology of BE behavior. Further mechanistic studies are needed to fully characterize a potential role of the circadian system in BE behavior. A chronobiological approach to studying BE behavior may lead to identification of its neurobiological components and development of novel therapeutic interventions.Systematic review registration[https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020186325], identifier [CRD42020186325].

Published
2022
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11. Cosmic-Ray Boron Flux Measured from 8.4 GeV/n to 3.8 TeV/n with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author

O. Adriani, Y. Akaike, K. Asano, Y. Asaoka, E. Berti, G. Bigongiari, W. R. Binns, M. Bongi, P. Brogi, A. Bruno, J. H. Buckley, N. Cannady, G. Castellini, C. Checchia, M. L. Cherry, G. Collazuol, G. A. de Nolfo, K. Ebisawa, A. W. Ficklin, H. Fuke, S. Gonzi, T. G. Guzik, T. Hams, K. Hibino, M. Ichimura, K. Ioka, W. Ishizaki, M. H. Israel, K. Kasahara, J. Kataoka, R. Kataoka, Y. Katayose, C. Kato, N. Kawanaka, Y. Kawakubo, K. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, H. S. Krawczynski, J. F. Krizmanic, P. Maestro, P. S. Marrocchesi, A. M. Messineo, J. W. Mitchell, S. Miyake, A. A. Moiseev, M. Mori, N. Mori, H. M. Motz, K. Munakata, S. Nakahira, J. Nishimura, S. Okuno, J. F. Ormes, S. Ozawa, L. Pacini, P. Papini, B. F. Rauch, S. B. Ricciarini, K. Sakai, T. Sakamoto, M. Sasaki, Y. Shimizu, A. Shiomi, P. Spillantini, F. Stolzi, S. Sugita, A. Sulaj, M. Takita, T. Tamura, T. Terasawa, S. Torii, Y. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, E. Vannuccini, J. P. Wefel, K. Yamaoka, S. Yanagita, A. Yoshida, K. Yoshida, and W. V. Zober

Published
2022
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12. Observation of Spectral Structures in the Flux of Cosmic-Ray Protons from 50 GeV to 60 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author

O. Adriani, Y. Akaike, K. Asano, Y. Asaoka, E. Berti, G. Bigongiari, W. R. Binns, M. Bongi, P. Brogi, A. Bruno, J. H. Buckley, N. Cannady, G. Castellini, C. Checchia, M. L. Cherry, G. Collazuol, K. Ebisawa, A. W. Ficklin, H. Fuke, S. Gonzi, T. G. Guzik, T. Hams, K. Hibino, M. Ichimura, K. Ioka, W. Ishizaki, M. H. Israel, K. Kasahara, J. Kataoka, R. Kataoka, Y. Katayose, C. Kato, N. Kawanaka, Y. Kawakubo, K. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, H. S. Krawczynski, J. F. Krizmanic, P. Maestro, P. S. Marrocchesi, A. M. Messineo, J. W. Mitchell, S. Miyake, A. A. Moiseev, M. Mori, N. Mori, H. M. Motz, K. Munakata, S. Nakahira, J. Nishimura, G. A. de Nolfo, S. Okuno, J. F. Ormes, S. Ozawa, L. Pacini, P. Papini, B. F. Rauch, S. B. Ricciarini, K. Sakai, T. Sakamoto, M. Sasaki, Y. Shimizu, A. Shiomi, P. Spillantini, F. Stolzi, S. Sugita, A. Sulaj, M. Takita, T. Tamura, T. Terasawa, S. Torii, Y. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, E. Vannuccini, J. P. Wefel, K. Yamaoka, S. Yanagita, A. Yoshida, K. Yoshida, and W. V. Zober

Published
2022
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13. CALET Search for Electromagnetic Counterparts of Gravitational Waves During the LIGO/Virgo O3 Run

Author

O Adriani, Y Akaike, K Asano, Y Asaoka, E Berti, G Bigongiari, W R Binns, M Bongi, P Brogi, A Bruno, J H Buckley, N Cannady, G Castellini, C Checchia, M L Cherry, G Collazuol, K Ebisawa, A W Ficklin, H Fuke, S Gonzi, T G Guzik, T Hams, K Hibino, M Ichimura, K Ioka, W Ishizak, M H Israel, K Kasahara, J Kataoka, R Kataoka, Y Katayose, C Kato, N Kawanaka, Y Kawakubo, K Kobayashi, K Kohri, H S Krawczynski, J F Krizmanic, P Maestro, P S Marrocches, A M Messineo, J W Mitchell, S Miyake, A A Moiseev, M Mori, N Mori, H M Motz, K Munakata, S Nakahira, J Nishimura, G A de Nolfo, S Okuno, J F Ormes, N Ospina, S Ozawa, L Pacini, P Papini, B F Rauch, S B Ricciarini, K Sakai, T Sakamoto, M Sasaki, Y Shimizu, A Shiomi, P Spillantini, F Stolzi, S Sugita, A Sulaj, M Takita, T Tamura, T Terasawa, S Torii, Y Tsunesada, Y Uchihori, E Vannuccini, J P Wefel, K Yamaoka, S Yanagita, A Yoshida, K Yoshida, and W V Zober

Subjects
Astronomy
Abstract

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET)on the International Space Station consists of a high-energy cosmic-ray CALorimeter (CAL)and a lower-energy CALET Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (CGBM). CAL is sensitive to electrons up to 20 TeV, cosmic-ray nuclei from Z=1 throughZ∼40, and gamma rays over the range1 GeV–10 TeV. CGBM observes gamma rays from 7 keV to 20 MeV. The combined CAL-CGBM instrument has conducted a search for gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)since 2015 October. We report here on the results of a search for X-ray/gamma-ray counterparts to gravitational-wave events reported during the LIGO/Virgo observing run O3. No events have been detected that pass all acceptance criteria. We describe the components, performance, and triggering algorithms of the CGBM—the two Hard X-ray Monitors consisting of LaBr3(Ce)scintillators sensitive to 7 keV–1 MeV gamma rays and a Soft Gamma-ray Monitor BGO scintillator sensitive to 40 keV–20 MeV—and the high-energy CAL consisting of a charge detection module, imaging calorimeter, and the fully active total absorption calorimeter. The analysis procedure is described and upper limits to the time-averaged fluxes are presented.

Published
2022
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14. Uncertainty quantification of tsunami inundation in Kuroshio, Kochi Prefecture, Japan, using the Nankai–Tonankai megathrust rupture scenarios

Author

K. Goda, T. Yasuda, N. Mori, A. Muhammad, R. De Risi, and F. De Luca

Subjects
Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Nankai–Tonankai megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis pose significant risks to coastal communities in western and central Japan. Historically, this seismic region hosted many major earthquakes, and the current national tsunami hazard assessments in Japan consider megathrust events as those having moment magnitudes between 9.0 and 9.1. In responding to the lack of rigorous uncertainty analysis, this study presents an extensive tsunami hazard assessment for the Nankai–Tonankai Trough events, focusing on the southwestern Pacific region of Japan. A set of 1000 kinematic earthquake rupture models is generated via stochastic source modelling approaches, and Monte Carlo tsunami simulations are carried out by considering high-resolution grid data of 10 m and coastal defence structures. Significant advantages of the stochastic tsunami simulation methods include the enhanced capabilities to quantify the uncertainty associated with tsunami hazard assessments and to effectively visualize the results in an integrated manner. The results from the stochastic tsunami simulations can inform regional and local tsunami risk reduction actions in light of inevitable uncertainty associated with such tsunami hazard assessments and complement conventional deterministic tsunami scenarios and their hazard predictions, such as those developed by the Central Disaster Management Council of the Japanese Cabinet Office.

Published
2020
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15. Direct Measurement of the Nickel Spectrum in Cosmic Rays in the Energy Range from 8.8 GeV/n to 240 GeV/n with CALET on the International Space Station

Author

O. Adriani, Y. Akaike, K. Asano, Y. Asaoka, E. Berti, G. Bigongiari, W. R. Binns, M. Bongi, P. Brogi, A. Bruno, J. H. Buckley, N. Cannady, G. Castellini, C. Checchia, M. L. Cherry, G. Collazuol, K. Ebisawa, A. W. Ficklin, H. Fuke, S. Gonzi, T. G. Guzik, T. Hams, K. Hibino, M. Ichimura, K. Ioka, W. Ishizaki, M. H. Israel, K. Kasahara, J. Kataoka, R. Kataoka, Y. Katayose, C. Kato, N. Kawanaka, Y. Kawakubo, K. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, H. S. Krawczynski, J. F. Krizmanic, P. Maestro, P. S. Marrocchesi, A. M. Messineo, J. W. Mitchell, S. Miyake, A. A. Moiseev, M. Mori, N. Mori, H. M. Motz, K. Munakata, S. Nakahira, J. Nishimura, G. A. de Nolfo, S. Okuno, J. F. Ormes, N. Ospina, S. Ozawa, L. Pacini, P. Papini, B. F. Rauch, S. B. Ricciarini, K. Sakai, T. Sakamoto, M. Sasaki, Y. Shimizu, A. Shiomi, P. Spillantini, F. Stolzi, S. Sugita, A. Sulaj, M. Takita, T. Tamura, T. Terasawa, S. Torii, Y. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, E. Vannuccini, J. P. Wefel, K. Yamaoka, S. Yanagita, A. Yoshida, K. Yoshida, and W. V. Zober

Published
2022
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16. A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS IN A REGION FROM THE NUMBER OF BUILDINGS ESTIMATED BY DEEP LEARNING WITH THE ADJUSTMENT OF ITS NUMBER USING ANCILLARY DATASETS: CASE STUDY IN DJAKARTA

Author

R. Ito, K. Hara, Y. Shimazaki, N. Mori, Y. Kani, and A. Okabe

Subjects
Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820
Abstract

The high resolution statistical data such as the number of households in small areas are indispensable for urban planning, disaster prevention and many kinds of business activities. However, it is difficult to obtain the number of households in small areas because census data are usually aggregated in municipal districts. Techniques for automatically analyzing statistical data, e.g., land cover, population density, and the number of households obtained from satellite/aerial images have been continuously studied. In recent years, many methods using deep learning have been proposed in the related literature. In estimating the number of households, the use of buildings, the number of floors and that of rooms are also important information, but it is difficult to obtain such information from only image analysis using deep learning. This study proposes a method for estimating the number of households in 100 meter grid cells from satellite images using deep learning, and adjusting it using ancillary data obtained from a few statistical datasets. The application of this method to Djakarta shows that the difference between the estimated values and the corresponding values of census is less than 10%.

Published
2020
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17. Precision Measurement of the Nickel Spectrum in Cosmic Rays from 8.8 GeV/n to 240 GeV/n with CALET on the International Space Station

Author

O Adriani, Y Akaike, K Asano, Y Asaoka, E Berti, G Bigongiari, W R Binns, M Bongi, P Brogi, A Bruno, J H Buckley, N Cannady, G Castellini, C Checcia, M L Cherry, G Collazuol, K Ebisawa, A W Ficklin, H Fuke, S Gonzi, T G Guzik, T Hams, K Hibino, M Ichimura, K Ioka, W Ishizaki, M H Israel, K Kasahara, J Kataoka, R Kataoka, Y Katayose, C Kato, A Kawanaka, Y Kawakubo, K Kobayashi, K Kohri, H S Krawczynski, J F Krizmanic, P Maestro, P S Marrocchesi, A M Messineo, J W Mitchell, S Miyake, A A Moiseev, M Mori, N Mori, H M Motz, K Munakata, S Nakahira, and Kenichi Sakai

Subjects
Astronomy, Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

The relative abundance of nickel with respect to iron is by far larger than all other trans-iron elements, therefore it provides a favourable opportunity for a low background measurement of its spectrum. Since nickel, as well as iron, is one of the most stable nuclei, the nickel energy spectrum and its relative abundance with respect to iron provide important information to estimate the abundances at the source and to model the propagation of heavy nuclei. However, only a few direct measurements of cosmic-ray nickel at energy larger than∼3 GeV/n are available at present in the literature and they are affected by strong limitations in both energy reach and statistics. In this paper we present a measurement of the differential energy spectrum of nickel from 8.8 GeV/nto 240 GeV/n, carried out with unprecedented precision by the Calorimetric Electron1 Telescope(CALET) in operation on the International Space Station since 2015. The CALET instrument can identify individual nuclear species via a measurement of their electric charge with a dynamic range extending far beyond iron (up to atomic number Z = 40). The particle’s energy is measured by a homogeneous calorimeter (1.2 proton interaction lengths, 27 radiation lengths) preceded by a thin imaging section (3 radiation lengths) providing tracking and energy sampling. This paper follows our previous measurement of the iron spectrum [1] and it extends our investigation on the energy dependence of the spectral index of heavy elements. It reports the analysis of nickel data collected from November 2015 to May 2021 and a detailed assessment of the systematic uncertainties. In the region from 20 GeV/nto 240 GeV/n our present data are compatible within the errors with a single power law with spectral index−2.51±0.07.

Published
2022
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18. Comparison of linear and quadratic dispersion models for phonon transport in one-dimensional mass-disordered systems

Author

N. Mori, A. Komada, and G. Mil’nikov

Subjects
Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Thermal conductance, K, of one-dimensional mass-disordered systems is calculated. Two types of dispersion models are considered: linear and quadratic dispersion model. For the linear dispersion model, the thermal conductance shows the super-diffusive nature, which is consistent with the previous research. For the quadratic dispersion model, the thermal conductance exhibits the normal-diffusion in which K is inversely proportional to the system size.

Published
2021
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21. East–West Proton Flux Anisotropy Observed with the PAMELA Mission

Author

A. Bruno, M. Martucci, F. S. Cafagna, R. Sparvoli, O. Adriani, G. C. Barbarino, G. A. Bazilevskaya, R. Bellotti, M. Boezio, E. A. Bogomolov, M. Bongi, V. Bonvicini, D. Campana, P. Carlson, M. Casolino, G. Castellini, C. De Santis, A. M. Galper, S. V. Koldashov, S. Koldobskiy, A. N. Kvashnin, A. Lenni, A. A. Leonov, V. V. Malakhov, L. Marcelli, N. Marcelli, A. G. Mayorov, W. Menn, M. Mergè, E. Mocchiutti, A. Monaco, N. Mori, V. V. Mikhailov, R. Munini, G. Osteria, B. Panico, P. Papini, M. Pearce, P. Picozza, M. Ricci, S. B. Ricciarini, M. Simon, A. Sotgiu, P. Spillantini, Y. I. Stozhkov, A. Vacchi, E. Vannuccini, G. I. Vasilyev, S. A. Voronov, Y. T. Yurkin, G. Zampa, and N. Zampa

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a study of the east–west anisotropy of trapped-proton fluxes in low-Earth orbit based on the measurements of the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics(PAMELA)experiment. The differential intensities of eastward- and westward-traveling protons detected in the South Atlantic Anomaly region were estimated as a function of equatorial pitch angle and drift shell, for six energy bins between80 MeV and 2 GeV. We found that, as a consequence of the strong atmospheric gradient coupled with the large gyro radius in this energy range, the intensities of eastward fluxes exceed those of westward fluxes by a factor of∼10–20. However, the reported directional asymmetry also depends on the sign of the local flux gradient, resulting in more intense westward fluxes beyond the radial distances where the inner belt peaks. PAMELA observations can be used to improve the description of the near-Earth radiation environment at lowest altitudes and highest trapping energies, where current theoretical and empirical models are affected by the largest uncertainties. Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts: Cosmic rays(329);Van Allen radiation belts(1758)1. Introduction Low-altitude inner-belt protons are strongly influenced by the density distribution of Earth’s atmosphere, mostly through interactions with its neutral constituents, which induce significant flux anisotropies. In prim is, the atmospheric loss cone results in a steep pitch-angle distribution, which becomes narrower for lower drift shells. A further, azimuthal anisotropy originates from finite gyro radius effects at proton energies in excess of a few tens of MeV(Haerendel1962; Lenchek & Singer1962). In fact, for a given spacecraft position, protons with the same pitch angle but different gyro phase—the azimuth angle associated with the gyration motion—have their guiding centers on different drift shells. In particular, protons from the west and from the east gyrate around magnetic field lines located at higher and lower altitudes, respectively. The guiding-center separationΔhincreaseswith increasing energy, so that protons moving eastward will encounter progressively lower drift-averaged densities, thus experiencing less atmospheric absorption; the opposite situation will occur for protons traveling westward, resulting in an east–west asymmetry of flux intensities whenΔhbecomes comparable to or larger than the flux scale height(Garmire1963; Heckman &Nakano1963).The trapped-flux anisotropy is a relevant aspect of the modeling of the low Earth orbit(LEO)radiation environment, given the significant engineering implications, especially for The Astrophysical Journal,919:114(6pp), 2021 October 1https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac1677© 2021. The American Astronomical Society.

Published
2021
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22. Measurement of the Iron Spectrum in Cosmic Rays from 10 GeV/n to 2.0 TeV/n with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author

O. Adriani, Y. Akaike, K. Asano, Y. Asaoka, E. Berti, G. Bigongiari, W. R. Binns, M. Bongi, P. Brogi, A. Bruno, J. H. Buckley, N. Cannady, G. Castellini, C. Checchia, M. L. Cherry, G. Collazuol, K. Ebisawa, H. Fuke, S. Gonzi, T. G. Guzik, T. Hams, K. Hibino, M. Ichimura, K. Ioka, W. Ishizaki, M. H. Israel, K. Kasahara, J. Kataoka, R. Kataoka, Y. Katayose, C. Kato, N. Kawanaka, Y. Kawakubo, K. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, H. S. Krawczynski, J. F. Krizmanic, J. Link, P. Maestro, P. S. Marrocchesi, A. M. Messineo, J. W. Mitchell, S. Miyake, A. A. Moiseev, M. Mori, N. Mori, H. M. Motz, K. Munakata, S. Nakahira, J. Nishimura, G. A. de Nolfo, S. Okuno, J. F. Ormes, N. Ospina, S. Ozawa, L. Pacini, P. Papini, B. F. Rauch, S. B. Ricciarini, K. Sakai, T. Sakamoto, M. Sasaki, Y. Shimizu, A. Shiomi, P. Spillantini, F. Stolzi, S. Sugita, A. Sulaj, M. Takita, T. Tamura, T. Terasawa, S. Torii, Y. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, E. Vannuccini, J. P. Wefel, K. Yamaoka, S. Yanagita, A. Yoshida, and K. Yoshida

Published
2021
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23. Direct Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Carbon and Oxygen Spectra from 10 GeV/n to 2.2 TeV/n with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author

O. Adriani, Y. Akaike, K. Asano, Y. Asaoka, M. G. Bagliesi, E. Berti, G. Bigongiari, W. R. Binns, M. Bongi, P. Brogi, A. Bruno, J. H. Buckley, N. Cannady, G. Castellini, C. Checchia, M. L. Cherry, G. Collazuol, K. Ebisawa, H. Fuke, S. Gonzi, T. G. Guzik, T. Hams, K. Hibino, M. Ichimura, K. Ioka, W. Ishizaki, M. H. Israel, K. Kasahara, J. Kataoka, R. Kataoka, Y. Katayose, C. Kato, N. Kawanaka, Y. Kawakubo, K. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, H. S. Krawczynski, J. F. Krizmanic, J. Link, P. Maestro, P. S. Marrocchesi, A. M. Messineo, J. W. Mitchell, S. Miyake, A. A. Moiseev, M. Mori, N. Mori, H. M. Motz, K. Munakata, S. Nakahira, J. Nishimura, G. A. De Nolfo, S. Okuno, J. F. Ormes, N. Ospina, S. Ozawa, L. Pacini, F. Palma, P. Papini, B. F. Rauch, S. B. Ricciarini, K. Sakai, T. Sakamoto, M. Sasaki, Y. Shimizu, A. Shiomi, R. Sparvoli, P. Spillantini, F. Stolzi, S. Sugita, J. E. Suh, A. Sulaj, M. Takita, T. Tamura, T. Terasawa, S. Torii, Y. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, E. Vannuccini, J. P. Wefel, K. Yamaoka, S. Yanagita, A. Yoshida, and K. Yoshida

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

In this paper, we present the measurement of the energy spectra of carbon and oxygen in cosmic rays based on observations with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station from October 2015 to October 2019. Analysis, including the detailed assessment of systematic uncertainties, and results are reported. The energy spectra are measured in kinetic energy per nucleon from 10 GeV/n to 2.2 TeV/n with an all-calorimetric instrument with a total thickness corresponding to 1.3 nuclear interaction length. The observed carbon and oxygen fluxes show a spectral index change of ∼0.15 around 200 GeV/n established with a significance > 3σ. They have the same energy dependence with a constant C/O flux ratio 0.911 ± 0.006 above 25 GeV/n. The spectral hardening is consistent with that measured by AMS-02, but the absolute normalization of the flux is about 27% lower, though in agreement with observations from previous experiments including the PAMELA spectrometer and the calorimetric balloon-borne experiment CREAM.

Published
2020
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24. Decay property for a novel partially dissipative viscoelastic beam system on the real line

Author

N. Mori and M. A. Jorge Silva

Subjects
General Mathematics, Analysis
Abstract

We address here a viscoelastic Timoshenko model on the (one-dimensional) real line with memory damping coupled on a shear force. Our main results concern a complete decay structure of the system under the so-called equal wave speeds assumption, as well as without this condition. This is the first result of this type for partially dissipative beam systems with memory-type damping on the shear force. Our method is based on expanded structural conditions such as the so-called SK condition. In addition, we give a characterization of the dissipative structure of the system by using a spectral analysis method, which confirms that our decay structure is optimal.

Published
2022

25. Effect of Non-invasive Spinal Cord Stimulation in Unmedicated Adults with Major Depressive Disorder: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial and Induced Current Flow Pattern

Author

F Romo-Nava, O.O. Awosika, I. Basu, T.J. Blom, J. Welge, A. Datta, A. Guillen, A.I. Guerdjikova, D.E. Fleck, G. Georgiev, N. Mori, L.R. Patino, M.P. DelBello, R.K. McNamara, R.M. Buijs, M.A. Frye, and S.L. McElroy

Abstract

BackgroundConverging theoretical frameworks suggest a role and a therapeutic potential for spinal interoceptive pathways in major depressive disorder (MDD). We aimed to evaluate the antidepressant effects and tolerability of transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation (tsDCS) in MDD.MethodsThis was a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled, parallel group, pilot clinical trial in unmedicated adults with moderate MDD. Twenty participants were randomly allocated (1:1 ratio) to receive “active” 2.5 mA or “sham” anodal tsDCS sessions with a thoracic (anode; T10)/right shoulder (cathode) electrode montage 3 times/week for 8 weeks. Change in depression severity (MADRS) scores (prespecified primary outcome) and secondary clinical outcomes were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA models. An E-Field model was generated using the active tsDCS parameters.ResultsCompared to sham (n=9), the active tsDCS group (n=10) showed a greater baseline to endpoint decrease in MADRS score with a large effect size (−14.6± 2.5 vs −21.7±2.3, p=0.040, d=0.86). Additionally, compared to sham, active tsDCS induced a greater decrease in MADRS “reported sadness” item (−1.8 vs − 3.2, p=0.012), and cumulatively decreased pre/post tsDCS session diastolic blood pressure. Statistical trends in the same direction were observed for MADRS “pessimistic thoughts” item, and CGI-I scores. No group differences were observed in adverse events (AEs) and no serious AEs occurred. The current flow simulation showed electric field at strength within the neuromodulation range (max. ∼0.45 V/m) reaching the thoracic spinal gray matter.ConclusionsThese preliminary results suggest that tsDCS is feasible, well-tolerated, and shows therapeutic potential in MDD. The underlying mechanisms warrant further study.Clinicaltrials.gov registrationNCT03433339 URL:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03433339

Published
2023

27. CALET on the International Space Station: the first three years of observations

Author

P Brogi, O Adriani, Y Akaike, K Asano, Y Asaoka, M G Bagliesi, E Berti, G Bigongiari, W R Binns, S Bonechi, M Bongi, A Bruno, J H Buckley, N Cannady, G Castellini, C Checchia, M L Cherry, G Collazuol, V Di Felice, K Ebisawa, H Fuke, T G Guzik, T Hams, K Hibino, M Ichimura, K Ioka, W Ishizaki, M H Israel, K Kasahara, J Kataoka, R Kataoka, Y Katayose, C Kato, N Kawanaka, Y Kawakubo, K Kohri, H S Krawczynski, J F Krizmanic, J Link, P Maestro, P S Marrocchesi, A M Messineo, J W Mitchell, S Miyake, A A Moiseev, M Mori, N. Mori, H M Motz, K Munakata, H Murakami, S Nakahira, J Nishimura, G A de Nolfo, S Okuno, J F Ormes, N Ospina, S Ozawa, L Pacini, F Palma, P Papini, B F Rauch, S B Ricciarini, K Saka, T Sakamoto, M Sasaki, Y Shimizu, A Shiomi, R Sparvoli, P Spillantini, F Stolzi, S Sugita, J E Suh, A Sulaj, I Takahashi, M Takita, T Tamura, T Terasawa, S Torii, Y Tsunesada, Y Uchihori, E Vannuccini, J P Wefel, K Yamaoka, S Yanagita, A Yoshida, and K Yoshida

Subjects
Instrumentation And Photography, Astrophysics
Abstract

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope CALET is a space instrument designed to carry out precision measurements of high energy cosmic-rays on the JEM-EF external platform on the International Space Station, where it has been collecting science data continuously since mid-October 2015. In addition to its primary goal of identifying nearby sources of high-energy electrons and possible signatures of dark matter in the electron spectrum, CALET is carrying out extensive measurements of the energy spectra, relative abundances and secondary-to-primary ratios of elements from proton to iron, and even above (up to Z = 40), studying the details of galactic particle propagation and acceleration. An overview of CALET based on the data taken during the first three years of observations is presented, including a direct measurement of the electron+positron energy spectrum from 11 GeV to 4.8 TeV. The proton spectrum has been measured from 50 GeV to 10 TeV covering, for the first time with a single space-borne instrument, the whole energy interval previously investigated in separate sub-ranges by magnetic spectrometers and calorimetric instruments. Preliminary spectra of cosmic-ray nuclei are also presented, together with gamma-ray observations and searches for an e.m. counterpart of LIGO/ Virgo GW events.

Published
2020
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28. CALET Results After Three Years on Orbit on the International Space Station

Author

P Maestro, O. Adriani, E. Berti, M. Bongi, Y. Akaike, Y. Asaoka, G. Bigongiari, P. Brogi, P. S. Marrocchesi, A. Bruno, N. Cannady, M. L. Cherry, T. G. Guzik, Y. Kawakubo, J. P. Wefel, M. Ichimura, M. H. Israel, B. F. Rauch, K. Kasahara, J. F. Krizmanic, A. M. Messineo, J W Mitchell, S. Miyake, M. Mori, N. Mori, L. Pacini, P. Papini, H. M. Motz, K. Munakata, F. Palma, S. B. Ricciarini, T. Sakamoto, T. Tamura, S. Torii, and K. Yoshida

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is an astroparticle physics experiment installed on the International Space Station since August 2015. The CALET mission was conceived to address several outstanding questions of high-energy astroparticle physics, like indirect detection of dark matter, the origin of cosmic rays (CRs), their mechanisms of acceleration and galactic propagation, the presence of possible nearby astrophysical CR sources. That can be achieved by precise measurements of the fluxes of CR electrons and gamma-rays up to the unexplored region above 1 TeV, and the energy spectra and composition of CR nuclei from a few tens of GeV to hundreds of TeV. In order to perform these observations, the instrument combines a thick total absorption PWO crystal calorimeter for energy measurement, a scintillator hodoscope for charge identi�cation and thin imaging tungsten-scintillating �fiber calorimeter providing accurate particle tracking and complementary charge measurement. In this paper, we will present an overview of the main CALET results based on the data collected in the first three years of the mission.

Published
2019
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29. Solar-cycle Variations of South Atlantic Anomaly Proton Intensities Measured with the PAMELA Mission

Author

A. Bruno, M. Martucci, F. S. Cafagna, R. Sparvoli, O. Adriani, G. C. Barbarino, G. A. Bazilevskaya, R. Bellotti, M. Boezio, E. A. Bogomolov, M. Bongi, V. Bonvicini, D. Campana, P. Carlson, M. Casolino, G. Castellini, C. De Santis, A. M. Galper, S. V. Koldashov, S. Koldobskiy, A. N. Kvashnin, A. Lenni, A. A. Leonov, V. V. Malakhov, L. Marcelli, N. Marcelli, A. G. Mayorov, W. Menn, M. Mergè, E. Mocchiutti, A. Monaco, N. Mori, V. V. Mikhailov, R. Munini, G. Osteria, B. Panico, P. Papini, M. Pearce, P. Picozza, M. Ricci, S. B. Ricciarini, M. Simon, A. Sotgiu, P. Spillantini, Y. I. Stozhkov, A. Vacchi, E. Vannuccini, G. I. Vasilyev, S. A. Voronov, Y. T. Yurkin, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, and T. R. Zharaspayev

Published
2021
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30. Direct Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Proton Spectrum from 50 GeV to 10 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author

O. Adriani, Y. Akaike, K. Asano, Y. Asaoka, M. G. Bagliesi, E. Berti, G. Bigongiari, W. R. Binns, S. Bonechi, M. Bongi, P. Brogi, A. Bruno, J. H. Buckley, N. Cannady, G. Castellini, C. Checchia, M. L. Cherry, G. Collazuol, V. Di Felice, K. Ebisawa, H. Fuke, T. G. Guzik, T. Hams, N. Hasebe, K. Hibino, M. Ichimura, K. Ioka, W. Ishizaki, M. H. Israel, K. Kasahara, J. Kataoka, R. Kataoka, Y. Katayose, C. Kato, N. Kawanaka, Y. Kawakubo, K. Kohri, H. S. Krawczynski, J. F. Krizmanic, T. Lomtadze, P. Maestro, P. S. Marrocchesi, A. M. Messineo, J. W. Mitchell, S. Miyake, A. A. Moiseev, K. Mori, M. Mori, N. Mori, H. M. Motz, K. Munakata, H. Murakami, S. Nakahira, J. Nishimura, G. A. de Nolfo, S. Okuno, J. F. Ormes, S. Ozawa, L. Pacini, F. Palma, P. Papini, A. V. Penacchioni, B. F. Rauch, S. B. Ricciarini, K. Sakai, T. Sakamoto, M. Sasaki, Y. Shimizu, A. Shiomi, R. Sparvoli, P. Spillantini, F. Stolzi, J. E. Suh, A. Sulaj, I. Takahashi, M. Takayanagi, M. Takita, T. Tamura, T. Terasawa, H. Tomida, S. Torii, Y. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, S. Ueno, E. Vannuccini, J. P. Wefel, K. Yamaoka, S. Yanagita, A. Yoshida, and K. Yoshida

Published
2019
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31. The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) on the International Space Station: Results from the First Two Years On Orbit

Author

Y Asaoka, O Adriani, Yosui Akaike, Katsuaki Asano, M G Bagliesi, E Berti, G Bigongiari, W R Binns, S Bonechi, M Bongi, A Bruno, Paolo Brogi, J H Buckley, N Cannady, G Castellini, C Checchia, M L Cherry, G Collazuol, V Di Felice, K Ebisawa, Hideyuki Fuke, T Gregory Guzik, T Hams, N Hasebe, K Hibino, M Ichimura, K Ioka, W Ishizaki, M H Israel, K Kasahara, J Kataoka, R Kataoka, Y Katayose, C Kato, N Kawanaka, Y Kawakubo, K Kohri, H S Krawczynski, John F Krizmanic, T Lomtadze, Paolo Maestro, P S Marrocchesi, A M Messineo, John W Mitchell, S Miyake, Alexander A Moiseev, K Mori, M Mori, N Mori, H M Motz, K Munakata, H Murakami, Satoshi Nakahira, J Nishimura, Georgia Adair De Nolfo, James O Okuno, J F Ormes, S Ozawa, L Pacini, F Palma, V Pal’shin, P Papini, A V Penacchioni, B F Rauch, S B Ricciarini, Kenichi Sakai, Takuma Sakamoto, M Sasaki, A Shiomi, R Sparvoli, P Spillantini, F Stolzi, S Sugita, J E Suh, A Sulaj, I Takahashi, M Takayanagi, M Takita, Takumi Tamura, N Tateyama, T Terasawa, H Tomida, S Torii, Yoshiki Tsunesada, Y Uchihori, S Ueno, E Vannuccini, J P Wefel, K Yamaoka, S Yanagita, A Yoshida, K Yoshida, and Y Shimizu

Subjects
Physics Of Elementary Particles And Fields
Abstract

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is a high-energy astroparticle physics space experiment installed on the International Space Station (ISS), developed and operated by Japan in collaboration with Italy and the United States. The CALET mission goals include the investigation of possible nearby sources of high-energy electrons, of the details of galactic particle acceleration and propagation, and of potential signatures of dark matter. CALET measures the cosmic-ray electron+positron flux up to 20 TeV, gamma-rays up to 10 TeV, and nuclei with Z=1 to 40 up to 1,000 TeV for the more abundant elements during a long-term observation aboard the ISS. Starting science operation in mid-October 2015, CALET performed continuous observation without major interruption with close to 20 million triggered events over 10 GeV per month. Based on the data taken during the �rst two-years, we present an overview of CALET observations: 1) Electron+positron energy spectrum, 2) Nuclei analysis, 3) Gamma-ray observation including a characterization of on-orbit performance. Results of the electromagnetic counterpart search for LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave events are discussed as well.

Published
2019
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32. Aging effect on plasma metabolites and hormones concentrations in riding horses

Author

K. Kawasumi, M. Yamamoto, M. Koide, Y. Okada, N. Mori, I. Yamamoto, and T. Arai

Subjects
Adiponectin, Aging, Horses, Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

Age effects on plasma metabolites, hormone concentrations, and enzyme activities related to energy metabolism were investigated in 20 riding horses. Animals were divided into two groups: Young (3-8 years) and aged (11-18 years). They were clinically healthy, and not obese. Plasma adiponectin (ADN) concentrations in aged horses were significantly lower than those in young horses (mean±SE, 6.5±1.3 μg mL-1 vs, 10.9±1.7 μg mL-1, Mann-Whitney U test, respectively; P=0.0233). Plasma non-esterified fatty acid levels and Insulin and malondialdehyde concentrations in aged group tended to increase compared to those in young group although there were not significant differences statistically. In aged group, malate dehydrogenase/lactate dehydrogenase (M/L) ratio, which is considered an energy metabolic indicator, did not change significantly compared to that in young group. Present data suggest that aging may negatively affect nutrition metabolism, but not induce remarkable changes in M/L ratio in riding horses.

Published
2015

33. CALET Search for electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational waves during the LIGO/Virgo O3 run

Author

O. Adriani, Y. Akaike, K. Asano, Y. Asaoka, E. Berti, G. Bigongiari, W. R. Binns, M. Bongi, P. Brogi, A. Bruno, J. H. Buckley, N. Cannady, G. Castellini, C. Checchia, M. L. Cherry, G. Collazuol, K. Ebisawa, A. W. Ficklin, H. Fuke, S. Gonzi, T. G. Guzik, T. Hams, K. Hibino, M. Ichimura, K. Ioka, W. Ishizaki, M. H. Israel, K. Kasahara, J. Kataoka, R. Kataoka, Y. Katayose, C. Kato, N. Kawanaka, Y. Kawakubo, K. Kobayashi, K. Kohri, H. S. Krawczynski, J. F. Krizmanic, P. Maestro, P. S. Marrocchesi, A. M. Messineo, J. W. Mitchell, S. Miyake, A. A. Moiseev, M. Mori, N. Mori, H. M. Motz, K. Munakata, S. Nakahira, J. Nishimura, G. A. de Nolfo, S. Okuno, J. F. Ormes, N. Ospina, S. Ozawa, L. Pacini, P. Papini, B. F. Rauch, S. B. Ricciarini, K. Sakai, T. Sakamoto, M. Sasaki, Y. Shimizu, A. Shiomi, P. Spillantini, F. Stolzi, S. Sugita, A. Sulaj, M. Takita, T. Tamura, T. Terasawa, S. Torii, Y. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, E. Vannuccini, J. P. Wefel, K. Yamaoka, S. Yanagita, A. Yoshida, K. Yoshida, and W. V. Zober

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Gamma-ray astronomy Gamma-ray bursts Gravitational wave sources Gamma-ray transient sources, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) on the International Space Station (ISS) consists of a high-energy cosmic ray CALorimeter (CAL) and a lower-energy CALET Gamma ray Burst Monitor (CGBM). CAL is sensitive to electrons up to 20 TeV, cosmic ray nuclei from Z = 1 through Z $\sim$ 40, and gamma rays over the range 1 GeV - 10 TeV. CGBM observes gamma rays from 7 keV to 20 MeV. The combined CAL-CGBM instrument has conducted a search for gamma ray bursts (GRBs) since Oct. 2015. We report here on the results of a search for X-ray/gamma ray counterparts to gravitational wave events reported during the LIGO/Virgo observing run O3. No events have been detected that pass all acceptance criteria. We describe the components, performance, and triggering algorithms of the CGBM - the two Hard X-ray Monitors (HXM) consisting of LaBr$_{3}$(Ce) scintillators sensitive to 7 keV to 1 MeV gamma rays and a Soft Gamma ray Monitor (SGM) BGO scintillator sensitive to 40 keV to 20 MeV - and the high-energy CAL consisting of a CHarge-Detection module (CHD), IMaging Calorimeter (IMC), and fully active Total Absorption Calorimeter (TASC). The analysis procedure is described and upper limits to the time-averaged fluxes are presented., 27 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ

Published
2022

34. Extended Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Electron and Positron Spectrum from 11 GeV to 4.8 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author

O. Adriani, Y. Akaike, K. Asano, Y. Asaoka, M. G. Bagliesi, E. Berti, G. Bigongiari, W. R. Binns, S. Bonechi, M. Bongi, P. Brogi, J. H. Buckley, N. Cannady, G. Castellini, C. Checchia, M. L. Cherry, G. Collazuol, V. Di Felice, K. Ebisawa, H. Fuke, T. G. Guzik, T. Hams, M. Hareyama, N. Hasebe, K. Hibino, M. Ichimura, K. Ioka, W. Ishizaki, M. H. Israel, K. Kasahara, J. Kataoka, R. Kataoka, Y. Katayose, C. Kato, N. Kawanaka, Y. Kawakubo, K. Kohri, H. S. Krawczynski, J. F. Krizmanic, T. Lomtadze, P. Maestro, P. S. Marrocchesi, A. M. Messineo, J. W. Mitchell, S. Miyake, A. A. Moiseev, K. Mori, M. Mori, N. Mori, H. M. Motz, K. Munakata, H. Murakami, S. Nakahira, J. Nishimura, G. A. de Nolfo, S. Okuno, J. F. Ormes, S. Ozawa, L. Pacini, F. Palma, P. Papini, A. V. Penacchioni, B. F. Rauch, S. B. Ricciarini, K. Sakai, T. Sakamoto, M. Sasaki, Y. Shimizu, A. Shiomi, R. Sparvoli, P. Spillantini, F. Stolzi, J. E. Suh, A. Sulaj, I. Takahashi, M. Takayanagi, M. Takita, T. Tamura, N. Tateyama, T. Terasawa, H. Tomida, S. Torii, Y. Tsunesada, Y. Uchihori, S. Ueno, E. Vannuccini, J. P. Wefel, K. Yamaoka, S. Yanagita, A. Yoshida, and K. Yoshida

Published
2018
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36. Helium fluxes measured by the PAMELA experiment from the minimum to the maximum solar activity for solar cycle 24

Author

N. Marcelli, M. Boezio, A. Lenni, W. Menn, R. Munini, O. P. M. Aslam, D. Bisschoff, M. D. Ngobeni, M. S. Potgieter, O. Adriani, G. C. Barbarino, G. A. Bazilevskaya, R. Bellotti, E. A. Bogomolov, M. Bongi, V. Bonvicini, A. Bruno, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, P. Carlson, M. Casolino, G. Castellini, C. De Santis, A. M. Galper, S. V. Koldashov, S. Koldobskiy, A. N. Kvashnin, A. A. Leonov, V. V. Malakhov, L. Marcelli, M. Martucci, A. G. Mayorov, M. Mergè, E. Mocchiutti, A. Monaco, N. Mori, V. V. Mikhailov, G. Osteria, B. Panico, P. Papini, M. Pearce, P. Picozza, M. Ricci, S. B. Ricciarini, M. Simon, A. Sotgiu, R. Sparvoli, P. Spillantini, Y. I. Stozhkov, A. Vacchi, E. Vannuccini, G. I. Vasilyev, S. A. Voronov, Y. T. Yurkin, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, Marcelli, N., Boezio, M., Lenni, A., Munini, W. Menn R., Aslam, O. P. M., Bisschoff, D., Ngobeni, M. D., Potgieter, M. S., Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bogomolov, R. Bellotti E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Carlson, D. Campana P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., Galper, C. De Santis A. M., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A. A., Malakhov, V. V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Mergè, M., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Mikhailov, V. V., Osteria, G., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Simon, M., Sotgiu, A., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G. I., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., and Zampa, N.

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Settore FIS/01, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Heliosphere, Cosmic ray detectors, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Cosmic ray astronomy, Physics::Space Physics, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract

Time-dependent energy spectra of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) carry fundamental information regarding their origin and propagation. When observed at the Earth, these spectra are significantly affected by the solar wind and the embedded solar magnetic field that permeates the heliosphere, changing significantly over an 11-year solar cycle. Energy spectra of GCRs measured during different epochs of solar activity provide crucial information for a thorough understanding of solar and heliospheric phenomena. The PAMELA experiment had collected data for almost ten years (15th June 2006 - 23rd January 2016), including the minimum phase of solar cycle 23 and the maximum phase of solar cycle 24. In this paper, we present new spectra for helium nuclei measured by the PAMELA instrument from January 2010 to September 2014 over a three Carrington rotation time basis. These data are compared to the PAMELA spectra measured during the previous solar minimum providing a picture of the time dependence of the helium nuclei fluxes over a nearly full solar cycle. Time and rigidity dependencies are observed in the proton-to-helium flux ratios. The force-field approximation of the solar modulation was used to relate these dependencies to the shapes of the local interstellar proton and helium-nuclei spectra., 9 pages, 5 figures

Published
2022

37. The MURAVES muon telescope: a low power consumption muon tracker for muon radiography applications

Author

M. D’Errico, F. Ambrosino, G. Baccani, L. Bonechi, M. Bongi, A. Bross, R. Ciaranfi, L. Cimmino, V. Ciulli, R. D’Alessandro, F. Giudicepietro, S. Gonzi, G. Macedonio, V. Masone, B. Melon, N. Mori, M. Orazi, G. Passeggio, R. Peluso, A. Pla-Dalmau, G. Saracino, G. Scarpato, P. Strolin, E. Vertechi, L. Viliani, D'Errico, M., Ambrosino, F., Baccani, G., Bonechi, L., Bongi, M., Bross, A., Ciaranfi, R., Cimmino, L., Ciulli, V., D'Alessandro, R., Giudicepietro, F., Gonzi, S., Macedonio, G., Masone, V., Melon, B., Mori, N., Orazi, M., Passeggio, G., Peluso, R., Pla-Dalmau, A., Saracino, G., Scarpato, G., Strolin, P., Vertechi, E., and Viliani, L.

Subjects
History, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Computer Science Applications, Education
Abstract

Muon Radiography or muography is based on the measurement of the absorption or scattering of cosmic muons, as they pass through the interior of large scale bodies, In particular, absorption muography has been applied to investigate the presence of hidden cavities inside the pyramids or underground, as well as the interior of volcanoes’ edifices. The MURAVES project has the challenging aim of investigating the density distribution inside the summit of Mt. Vesuvius. The information, together with that coming from gravimetric measurements, is useful as input to models, to predict how an eruption may develop. The MURAVES apparatus is a robust and low power consumption muon telescope consisting of an array of three identical and independent muon trackers, which provide in a modular way a total sensitive area of three square meters. Each tracker consists of four doublets of planes of plastic scintillator bars with orthogonal orientation, optically coupled to Silicon photomultipliers for the readout of the signal. The muon telescope has been installed on the slope of the volcano and has collected a first set of data, which are being analyzed.

Published
2022

38. Cosmic-Ray Boron Flux Measured from 8.4 GeV/n to 3.8 TeV/n with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author

O, Adriani, Y, Akaike, K, Asano, Y, Asaoka, E, Berti, G, Bigongiari, W R, Binns, M, Bongi, P, Brogi, A, Bruno, J H, Buckley, N, Cannady, G, Castellini, C, Checchia, M L, Cherry, G, Collazuol, G A, de Nolfo, K, Ebisawa, A W, Ficklin, H, Fuke, S, Gonzi, T G, Guzik, T, Hams, K, Hibino, M, Ichimura, K, Ioka, W, Ishizaki, M H, Israel, K, Kasahara, J, Kataoka, R, Kataoka, Y, Katayose, C, Kato, N, Kawanaka, Y, Kawakubo, K, Kobayashi, K, Kohri, H S, Krawczynski, J F, Krizmanic, P, Maestro, P S, Marrocchesi, A M, Messineo, J W, Mitchell, S, Miyake, A A, Moiseev, M, Mori, N, Mori, H M, Motz, K, Munakata, S, Nakahira, J, Nishimura, S, Okuno, J F, Ormes, S, Ozawa, L, Pacini, P, Papini, B F, Rauch, S B, Ricciarini, K, Sakai, T, Sakamoto, M, Sasaki, Y, Shimizu, A, Shiomi, P, Spillantini, F, Stolzi, S, Sugita, A, Sulaj, M, Takita, T, Tamura, T, Terasawa, S, Torii, Y, Tsunesada, Y, Uchihori, E, Vannuccini, J P, Wefel, K, Yamaoka, S, Yanagita, A, Yoshida, K, Yoshida, and W V, Zober

Abstract

We present the measurement of the energy dependence of the boron flux in cosmic rays and its ratio to the carbon flux in an energy interval from 8.4 GeV/n to 3.8 TeV/n based on the data collected by the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) during ∼6.4 yr of operation on the International Space Station. An update of the energy spectrum of carbon is also presented with an increase in statistics over our previous measurement. The observed boron flux shows a spectral hardening at the same transition energy E_{0}∼200 GeV/n of the C spectrum, though B and C fluxes have different energy dependences. The spectral index of the B spectrum is found to be γ=-3.047±0.024 in the interval 25E200 GeV/n. The B spectrum hardens by Δγ_{B}=0.25±0.12, while the best fit value for the spectral variation of C is Δγ_{C}=0.19±0.03. The B/C flux ratio is compatible with a hardening of 0.09±0.05, though a single power-law energy dependence cannot be ruled out given the current statistical uncertainties. A break in the B/C ratio energy dependence would support the recent AMS-02 observations that secondary cosmic rays exhibit a stronger hardening than primary ones. We also perform a fit to the B/C ratio with a leaky-box model of the cosmic-ray propagation in the Galaxy in order to probe a possible residual value λ_{0} of the mean escape path length λ at high energy. We find that our B/C data are compatible with a nonzero value of λ_{0}, which can be interpreted as the column density of matter that cosmic rays cross within the acceleration region.

Published
2022

40. Investigating the Vela SNR's Emission of Electron Cosmic Rays with CALET at the International Space Station

Author

John F. Krizmanic, A. Sulaj, S. Miyake, P. Spillantini, Holger Motz, Y. Katayose, M. Takita, S. Sugita, Ryuho Kataoka, K. Kobayashi, W.V. Zober, O. Adriani, K. Ebisawa, Y. Tsunesada, Gabriele Bigongiari, Kazutaka Yamaoka, Kunihito Ioka, Eugenio Berti, A. Yoshida, J. P. Wefel, L. Pacini, J. F. Ormes, Michael Cherry, T. Sakamoto, A. A. Moiseev, M. Ichimura, Jason Link, Shoji Torii, A.W. Ficklin, Jun Kataoka, Yoichi Asaoka, Masaki Mori, Katsuaki Asano, Thomas Hams, S. Ozawa, P. S. Marrocchesi, John Mitchell, Jun Nishimura, Sandro Gonzi, Y. Akaike, M. H. Israel, F. Stolzi, Henric Krawczynski, Y. Shimizu, N. Ospina, H. Fuke, Paolo Brogi, K. Sakai, Chihiro Kato, Kazunori Kohri, M. Bongi, S. Okuno, A. Shiomi, N. Mori, Y. Uchihori, N. Cannady, K. Hibino, W. R. Binns, T. Tamura, M. Sasaki, G. Castellini, G. Collazuol, K. Kasahara, T. G. Guzik, J. H. Buckley, Shohei Yanagita, Satoshi Nakahira, Y. Kawakubo, A. Bruno, W. Ishizaki, Alberto Messineo, C. Checchia, S. B. Ricciarini, Kazuoki Munakata, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, Toshio Terasawa, Kenji Yoshida, Paolo Maestro, G. A. de Nolfo, Norita Kawanaka, and Brian Rauch

Subjects
Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flux, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Electron, Vela, law.invention, Telescope, Supernova, Positron, Pulsar, law, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

The ISS-based Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is directly measuring the energy spec- trum of electron+positron cosmic rays up to 20 TeV. Cosmic-ray electrons of TeV region energy are limited by energy loss to a propagation range of about 1 kpc, therefore the expected sources are a few nearby supernova remnants (SNR), with the Vela SNR dominating the spectrum. The latest spectrum measured by CALET in combination with the positron-only flux published by AMS-02 is fitted with a comprehensive model including nearby pulsars as the source of the positron excess. This model is extended to the TeV region by addition of the flux from the Vela SNR as calculated with DRAGON, with the integrated energy emitted in electron cosmic rays by the SNR as a variable scale factor. Exploring various scenarios for the time and energy dependence of the cosmic-ray release from Vela, under varied propagation conditions, best-fitting interpretations of the spectrum and upper limits on the emission of cosmic-ray electrons by Vela have been derived.

Published
2021

41. INDAGINE SU PRESENZA E DIFFUSIONE DEI GIALLUMI DELLA VITE IN ABRUZZO

Author

Posenato C., L. Crivelli, A. Bertaccini, N. Contaldo, M. A. Scotillo, D. D’Ascenzo, N. Mori, and Posenato C., L. Crivelli, A. Bertaccini, N. Contaldo, M.A. Scotillo, D. D’Ascenzo, N. Mori

Subjects
“flavescence dorée”, Scaphoideus titanus, “bois noir”, Hyalesthes obsoletus, flavescenza dorata, Scaphoideus titanus, legno nero, Hyalesthes obsoletus
Abstract

The results of the survey carried out in 2018 and 2019 on grapevine yellows diseases (“flavescence doreé” - FD and “bois noir” - BN) in Abruzzo Region (central Italy) are reported. The monitoring (done according to the European Commission Regulation 652/2014) was carried out in more than 200 vineyards. Symptomatic grapevines were detected with visual inspections from late July to mid-September and the presence of phytoplasmas on symptomatic leaves and canes was detected with molecular analyses. The presence of the main insect vectors, Scaphoideus titanus and Hyalesthes obsoletus, was monitored from the end of June to mid-September using yellow sticky traps. The results showed a widespread presence of BN particularly in the provinces of Chieti and Pescara, while FD was not detected. H. obsoletus was found both on bindweed and nettle present at the borders of the vineyards, while the captures of S. titanus were influenced by the phytosanitary management of the vineyards and by the presence of wild grapevines in the surrounding areas. The results were used for the management of the risk and spread of grapevine yellows disease in the Abruzzo Region

Published
2020

43. Measurement of the Iron Spectrum in Cosmic Rays from 10 GeV/n to 2.0 TeV/n with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author

Toshio Terasawa, Kazunori Kohri, Yoichi Asaoka, A. Bruno, Katsuaki Asano, Masato Takita, W. Ishizaki, Alberto Messineo, K. Kobayashi, Y. Shimizu, Kazutaka Yamaoka, M. Bongi, Paolo Maestro, Y. Tsunesada, Gabriele Bigongiari, Eugenio Berti, A. Yoshida, Satoshi Sugita, Ryuho Kataoka, N. Ospina, J. Link, A. A. Moiseev, Y. Kawakubo, Henric Krawczynski, F. Stolzi, Norita Kawanaka, Chihiro Kato, M. Sasaki, Kenji Yoshida, H. Fuke, Paolo Brogi, S. Ozawa, G. Castellini, O. Adriani, Shohei Yanagita, J. F. Ormes, Shoji Torii, Katsuaki Kasahara, Brian Rauch, Kunihito Ioka, Satoshi Nakahira, T. Tamura, K. Ebisawa, K. Hibino, W. R. Binns, Sandro Gonzi, M. Ichimura, S. Okuno, S. Miyake, M. H. Israel, Y. Katayose, P. Spillantini, Michael Cherry, J. P. Wefel, Yosui Akaike, Masaki Mori, C. Checchia, John Mitchell, Jun Kataoka, T. Sakamoto, Jun Nishimura, A. Shiomi, K. Sakai, Kazuoki Munakata, P. S. Marrocchesi, John F. Krizmanic, A. Sulaj, G. Collazuol, G. A. de Nolfo, N. Cannady, N. Mori, Y. Uchihori, Holger Motz, T. G. Guzik, J. H. Buckley, L. Pacini, S. B. Ricciarini, T. Hams, P. Papini, and E. Vannuccini

Subjects
Physics, Spectral index, Proton, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Calorimeter, Telescope, Nuclear physics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic number, 010306 general physics, Nucleon
Abstract

The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET), in operation on the International Space Station since 2015, collected a large sample of cosmic-ray iron over a wide energy interval. In this Letter a measurement of the iron spectrum is presented in the range of kinetic energy per nucleon from 10 GeV/n to 2.0 TeV/n allowing the inclusion of iron in the list of elements studied with unprecedented precision by space-borne instruments. The measurement is based on observations carried out from January 2016 to May 2020. The CALET instrument can identify individual nuclear species via a measurement of their electric charge with a dynamic range extending far beyond iron (up to atomic number Z=40). The energy is measured by a homogeneous calorimeter with a total equivalent thickness of 1.2 proton interaction lengths preceded by a thin (3 radiation lengths) imaging section providing tracking and energy sampling. The analysis of the data and the detailed assessment of systematic uncertainties are described and results are compared with the findings of previous experiments. The observed differential spectrum is consistent within the errors with previous experiments. In the region from 50 GeV/n to 2 TeV/n our present data are compatible with a single power law with spectral index -2.60±0.03.

Published
2021

44. Simulation analysis of high-field carrier transport in wide-bandgap semiconductors considering tunable band structures and scattering processes

Author

H. Tanaka, T. Kimoto, and N. Mori

Subjects
General Physics and Astronomy
Abstract

Though the high breakdown electric field of wide-bandgap semiconductors is usually attributed to their large bandgap, the impacts of other band structure parameters and scattering processes on impact ionization phenomena have not been clarified yet. This study computationally analyzes the effects of band structures and scattering rates on the high-field carrier transport properties such as impact ionization coefficients and drift velocity in wide-bandgap semiconductors. For that purpose, this study adopts Monte Carlo simulations in which the [Formula: see text]–[Formula: see text] dispersion and scattering rates are directly tuned. Simulations with varied band structures indicate that an average of the group velocity in the whole Brillouin zone is a dominant factor determining the impact ionization coefficients rather than the effective mass at the band edge. In addition, the Brillouin zone width has critical impacts when Bloch oscillations occur, which significantly suppress impact ionization. As for scattering mechanisms, the roles of inelastic scattering processes including impact ionization in energy relaxation are discussed. It is also revealed that elastic scattering contributes to energy relaxation processes through transitions of electrons to higher bands. This mechanism leads to the unintuitive positive temperature dependence of impact ionization coefficients when Bloch oscillations occur. These results obtained by the theoretical analyses in this study can serve as basic physical insight to understand the behaviors of impact ionization coefficients in wide-bandgap semiconductors.

Published
2022

45. Measurement of the Iron Spectrum in Cosmic Rays from 10 GeV$/n$ to 2.0 TeV$/n$ with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author

O, Adriani, Y, Akaike, K, Asano, Y, Asaoka, E, Berti, G, Bigongiari, W R, Binns, M, Bongi, P, Brogi, A, Bruno, J H, Buckley, N, Cannady, G, Castellini, C, Checchia, M L, Cherry, G, Collazuol, K, Ebisawa, H, Fuke, S, Gonzi, T G, Guzik, T, Hams, K, Hibino, M, Ichimura, K, Ioka, W, Ishizaki, M H, Israel, K, Kasahara, J, Kataoka, R, Kataoka, Y, Katayose, C, Kato, N, Kawanaka, Y, Kawakubo, K, Kobayashi, K, Kohri, H S, Krawczynski, J F, Krizmanic, J, Link, P, Maestro, P S, Marrocchesi, A M, Messineo, J W, Mitchell, S, Miyake, A A, Moiseev, M, Mori, N, Mori, H M, Motz, K, Munakata, S, Nakahira, J, Nishimura, G A, de Nolfo, S, Okuno, J F, Ormes, N, Ospina, S, Ozawa, L, Pacini, P, Papini, B F, Rauch, S B, Ricciarini, K, Sakai, T, Sakamoto, M, Sasaki, Y, Shimizu, A, Shiomi, P, Spillantini, F, Stolzi, S, Sugita, A, Sulaj, M, Takita, T, Tamura, T, Terasawa, S, Torii, Y, Tsunesada, Y, Uchihori, E, Vannuccini, J P, Wefel, K, Yamaoka, S, Yanagita, A, Yoshida, and K, Yoshida

Subjects
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic ray acceleration Cosmic ray composition and spectra Cosmic ray propagation Cosmic ray sources Cosmic rays and astroparticles, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic rays
Abstract

The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET), in operation on the International Space Station since 2015, collected a large sample of cosmic-ray iron over a wide energy interval. In this Letter a measurement of the iron spectrum is presented in the range of kinetic energy per nucleon from 10 GeV$/n$ to 2.0 TeV$/n$ allowing the inclusion of iron in the list of elements studied with unprecedented precision by space-borne instruments. The measurement is based on observations carried out from January 2016 to May 2020. The CALET instrument can identify individual nuclear species via a measurement of their electric charge with a dynamic range extending far beyond iron (up to atomic number $Z$ = 40). The energy is measured by a homogeneous calorimeter with a total equivalent thickness of 1.2 proton interaction lengths preceded by a thin (3 radiation lengths) imaging section providing tracking and energy sampling. The analysis of the data and the detailed assessment of systematic uncertainties are described and results are compared with the findings of previous experiments. The observed differential spectrum is consistent within the errors with previous experiments. In the region from 50 GeV$/n$ to 2 TeV$/n$ our present data are compatible with a single power law with spectral index -2.60 $\pm$ 0.03., Comment: main text: 7 pages, 4 figures; supplemental material: 10 pages, 12 figures, 1 table. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2012.10319

Published
2021
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47. PRECISE COSMIC RAYS MEASUREMENTS WITH PAMELA

Author

A. Bruno, O. Adriani, G. C. Barbarino, G. A. Bazilevskaya, R. Bellotti, M. Boezio, E. A. Bogomolov, M. Bongi, V. Bonvicini, S. Borisov, S. Bottai, F. Cafagna, D. Campana, R. Carbone, P. Carlson, M. Casolino, G. Castellini, L. Consiglio, M. P. De Pascale, C. De Santis, N. De Simone, V. Di Felice, A. M. Galper, W. Gillard, L. Grishantseva, G. Jerse, A. V. Karelin, M. D. Kheymits, S. V. Koldashov, S. Y. Krutkov, A. N. Kvashnin, A. Leonov, V. Malakhov, L. Marcelli, A. G. Mayorov, W. Menn, V. V. Mikhailov, E. Mocchiutti, A. Monaco, N. Mori, N. Nikonov, G. Osteria, F. Palma, P. Papini, M. Pearce, P. Picozza, C. Pizzolotto, M. Ricci, S. B. Ricciarini, L. Rossetto, R. Sarkar, M. Simon, R. Sparvoli, P. Spillantini, Y. I. Stozhkov, A. Vacchi, E. Vannuccini, G. Vasilyev, S. A. Voronov, Y. T. Yurkin, J. Wu, G. Zampa, N. Zampa, and V. G. Zverev

Subjects
Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

The PAMELA experiment was launched on board the Resurs-DK1 satellite on June 15th 2006. The apparatus was designed to conduct precision studies of charged cosmic radiation over a wide energy range, from tens of MeV up to several hundred GeV, with unprecedented statistics. In five years of continuous data taking in space, PAMELA accurately measured the energy spectra of cosmic ray antiprotons and positrons, as well as protons, electrons and light nuclei, sometimes providing data in unexplored energetic regions. These important results have shed new light in several astrophysical fields like: an indirect search for Dark Matter, a search for cosmological antimatter (anti-Helium), and the validation of acceleration, transport and secondary production models of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. Some of the most important items of Solar and Magnetospheric physics were also investigated. Here we present the most recent results obtained by the PAMELA experiment.

Published
2013
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49. Direct Measurement of the Cosmic-Ray Carbon and Oxygen Spectra from 10 GeV/n to 2.2 TeV/n with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station

Author

Toshio Terasawa, Satoshi Sugita, L. Pacini, Ryuho Kataoka, W. Ishizaki, N. Mori, Y. Uchihori, Alberto Messineo, K. Ebisawa, N. Ospina, H. Fuke, Katsuaki Asano, P. Spillantini, Michael Cherry, Yosui Akaike, Norita Kawanaka, Masaki Mori, R. Sparvoli, Shoji Torii, F. Palma, T. Hams, S. B. Ricciarini, Maria Grazia Bagliesi, Chihiro Kato, P. Papini, E. Vannuccini, A. Bruno, T. Sakamoto, Sandro Gonzi, M. H. Israel, T. Tamura, J. E. Suh, Kazunori Kohri, J. Link, Holger Motz, P. Brogi, Masato Takita, O. Adriani, Kazutaka Yamaoka, Kunihito Ioka, Jun Kataoka, P. Maestro, P. S. Marrocchesi, A. A. Moiseev, Jun Nishimura, Y. Katayose, John F. Krizmanic, A. Sulaj, G. Castellini, Henric Krawczynski, G. Bigongiari, Shohei Yanagita, Y. Shimizu, Satoshi Nakahira, Y. Tsunesada, Kenji Yoshida, M. Bongi, T. G. Guzik, Eugenio Berti, A. Yoshida, W. R. Binns, G. Collazuol, Brian Rauch, J. P. Wefel, J. H. Buckley, G. A. de Nolfo, S. Miyake, M. Ichimura, N. Cannady, S. Ozawa, S. Okuno, C. Checchia, John Mitchell, Kazuoki Munakata, A. Shiomi, Yoichi Asaoka, F. Stolzi, K. Hibino, Y. Kawakubo, M. Sasaki, Katsuaki Kasahara, K. Sakai, K. Kobayashi, and J. F. Ormes

Subjects
Physics, Spectral index, Spectrometer, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Electron, Kinetic energy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Telescope, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Nucleon
Abstract

In this paper, we present the measurement of the energy spectra of carbon and oxygen in cosmic rays based on observations with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) on the International Space Station from October 2015 to October 2019. Analysis, including the detailed assessment of systematic uncertainties, and results are reported. The energy spectra are measured in kinetic energy per nucleon from 10 GeV$/n$ to 2.2 TeV$/n$ with an all-calorimetric instrument with a total thickness corresponding to 1.3 nuclear interaction length. The observed carbon and oxygen fluxes show a spectral index change of $\sim$0.15 around 200 GeV$/n$ established with a significance $>3\sigma$. They have the same energy dependence with a constant C/O flux ratio $0.911\pm 0.006$ above 25 GeV$/n$. The spectral hardening is consistent with that measured by AMS-02, but the absolute normalization of the flux is about 27% lower, though in agreement with observations from previous experiments including the PAMELA spectrometer and the calorimetric balloon-borne experiment CREAM.

Published
2020

50. An Effort to Determine Blood Group and Gender from Pattern of Finger Prints

Author

Sandip K Raloti, Kalpesh A Shah, Viras C Patel, Anand K Menat, Rakesh N Mori, and Nishith K Chaudhari

Subjects
Fingerprints, Gender, Blood Groups, Association, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Introduction: Two person having identical fingerprints is about one in 64 thousand millions. A reliable personal identification is critical in the subject of forensics as is faced with many situations like civil, criminal, commercial and latest in financial transaction frauds, where the question of identification becomes a matter of paramount importance. In this study we have made an effort to “study a relationship between pattern of fingerprint, gender and blood group”. Materials and methods: This study was carried out in 2012 on 89 medical students (62 male & 27 female), randomly chosen belonging to the age group 17- 21 at B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad Gujarat, India. The finger-prints were taken of all ten fingers over unglazed white paper using printer’s ink. Pattern of fingerprints were observed by powerful hand lens and recorded. Note was made of the sex, age, ABO blood groups. Results: Results show that whorls occur more frequently in males, whereas, loops occur more frequently in females. Loops are predominant in blood group B+ and whorls are predominant in blood group O+ (p < 0.05). We see an association between fingerprint patterns, blood group and gender. Conclusion: From our study we may conclude that there is an association between distribution of fingerprint patterns, blood group and gender and thus in our opinion, prediction of gender and blood group of a person is possible based on his/her fingerprint patterns.

Published
2013

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