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Fruits are one of the vital sources of nutrients for the mankind and their life span is very less. The fruit spoilage may occur at various stages such as, at the harvest time, during transportation, during storage etc. Freshness is a parameter used for accessing the quality of the fruit. About 20% of the harvested fruits are spoiled due to many factors, before consumption by humans. The spoilage of one fruit has a direct impact on the neighboring fruits. It is also a one of the indicators that gives an estimation of number of days that a fruit can be preserved. Early identification of the spoilage helps in taking the appropriate measures for the removal of spoiled fruits from the whole lot. So that it helps in preventing the spread of spoilage to its adjacent fruits. Deep learning based technological advancements helps in automatically identifying the spoiled fruits. In this work, internal quality attributes of the fruit are not taken into consideration for spoilage detection, only the external attributes are considered. The supervised learning technique is employed for the freshness analysis of two different types of fruits, Apple and Banana. As the 2 varieties are involved, it is a multiclass classification model with 4 classes. One shot detection technique is employed to accurately classify among the good fruit and spoiled fruit. Few images in the dataset are obtained from the kaggle.com and the rest are self - captured images. The dataset is balanced to avoid the biasness in the model. The model is implemented using Yolov4 and tiny Yolov4 frame works. These are one shot detection techniques, can be used for real time deployment. The inferences were obtained on the real time images and video. Confusion matrix is tabulated the performance metrics such as accuracy, F1 Score and recall are discussed with respect to these two techniques.

The wireless sensor networks (WSNs) provides an advance way for connection of various applications. Most of the applications use the wireless sensor network to transmit the information from the device to the main base station. The main operation of the wireless sensor network is to first sense the data using the sensor, then collect the data and finally transmit to the required base station. The data is transmitted in a timely manner such that the other wireless sensor network transmitting the information should not have any problem. During the transmission of the data the main objective of the wireless sensor network device is to provide reliability to the information which is being sent with less latency and to reduce the energy consumption in order to increase the lifespan of the wireless sensor network. Therefore, this paper presents an Energy Efficient Routing for the Target Tracking (EER-TT) in the wireless sensor network which provides reliability, less latency and reduces the energy consumption during the transmission of the information to the base station. Proposed model also provides a cluster selection method for the routing of the wireless sensor network devices. The results attained show that our model EER-TT shows better results when compared with the existing routing-based models.

Target tracking is the greatest important applications in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The wireless sensor network applications have been increasing since the IoT has been established. Most of the applications have various kind of sensors to transmit the information from one source to another. The basic operation of a wireless sensor network is to sense the data, collect the data and transmit the data from time to time whenever the base station requires the data for evaluation. Improving the reliability, performance for the collection of the data is the main role of the wireless sensor device. Moreover, the objective of the wireless sensor network device is to minimize the latency and improve the energy efficiency in order to provide more reliability is a major performance metric for provisioning WSNs. In this paper, we have presented an Energy Efficient Low Latency Routing (EELLR) design for Target Tracking (TT) Applications of Wireless Sensor Network. This model provides reliability and has a better performance in terms of communication overhead, energy efficiency and packet processing latency reduction when compared with the existing routing-based models.

This chapter presents a unique design for rectangular patch antenna considering 5GHz as frequency for IoT applications. In the booming world of technology, IoT has set a significant benchmark by its enormous applications in almost all the fields. So here we come up with this unique design of antenna which can be used for IoT applications. As an initial step, a simple normal rectangular antenna is configured for a frequency ranging from 3GHz to 8GHz, and then considering the 5GHz to be appropriate for IoT application, a conventional rectangular patch antenna was designed. This conventional patch antenna operates at dual frequencies 4.97GHz and 7.53GHz. In later stages of designing, square slots are made on the either side of the feedline to obtain better antenna parameters. This chapter presents a detailed study on conventional and slotted antenna and a brief discussion regarding the comparison of the antenna parameters of conventional antenna with the slotted antenna.

Internet of Things has a major part in utilization of advanced technologies for better management of agricultural requirements. Man power and changing environmental conditions are considered to be the major issues in present day agriculture. The traditional methods employed in the cultivation has to be modified in order to meet the present day demand for agricultural products. Therefore the agricultural automation is required, which can be achieved using Wireless Sensor Network and Internet of Things. This paper summarizes the existing smart systems with Wireless Sensor Network based sensor monitoring techniques by considering environmental parameters such as temperature, moisture, PH, humidity, light intensity which are very useful in efficient decision making for yielding high productivity. This survey also helps in understanding the recent technological developments in Internet of Things for building an efficient smart agricultural system.

Software-Defined Network is a new evolving networking technology, separating the control plane from the forwarding plane. The Routing functionality and the API for the applications plane are on the Controller. One such application on POX controller is firewall. A modification of the Learning layer 2 switch code for POX controller is done for a tree topology of depth 3 by using mininet network emulator and the packet flow between the hosts is controlled according to the rules inserted in the Learning switch.

This paper makes an endeavor to plan and build up a Remote Fuel Monitoring System (RFMS) with a 8-Bit Microchip Microcontroller. The configuration of this model gives an entrance of ongoing operational parameters, for example, Diesel/Petrol Fuel Levels, Temperature, Oil Levels and Voltages Generated and a correlation with their separate basic edge limits. The RFMS ceaselessly screens these parameters and the Information is then pushed on a cloud on the Net utilizing the GSM/GPRS Combination. The Data Analysis of fuel level is later done in the Cloud utilizing Algorithms and are likewise shown in Graphical and Tabular Forms. This Cloud based framework will utilize SAAS based demonstrating and will have the capacity to Bill the clients in view of the utilization of the Cloud Application. The benefit of this methodology is, making the information halfway accessible for brisk observing and making the data accessible on Demand.

This paper gives the description of the new approach towards the security of ATM (Automatic Teller Machine) systems. The objective of the paper is to know the Enhanced smart ATM security system which is developed using the Embedded system and advanced technologies. In our proposed system RFID card is used as ATM card, IR sensor in order to sense the presence of the card holders and to turn on Fan and Light, if ATM is tampered then SMS is sent to two main stations via GSM. GPS is used to track the location in case the cash box is robbed. Finger print is used to identify and verify authorized bank personnel. Hence the proposed system is the highly secured system for ATMs.

Network is growing day by day. New devices are getting added into the network making it very difficult for an IT administrator to configure the ACLs and the other network parameters in the devices. Flexibility and programmability are the key factors in the present day scenario. Software Defined Networks (SDN) is the evolving network technology which provides the two factors mentioned. The latency in the packet delivery is less compared to the legacy Hardware Defined Networks (HDN) and in turn the throughput is also high. The work done in this paper provides a Proof of Concept (POC) for the better throughput of SDN-based routing.

In this paper, an InGaAs/GaAs HEMT technology is used to develop a high speed Digital to Analog Converter (DAC).The 4 bit R-2R architecture operates up to 5GHz is presented, and it shows the detailed static performance of DAC. A linear fit of the output voltage is done for calculating various parameters. It shows a very good DNL and INL, and stable offset and resolution over the frequency range up to 5 GHz.