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Peri-implant bone tissue regeneration involves complex processes that are not yet fully understood at the cellular and molecular levels, leaving significant gaps in our knowledge that require further investigation. Aim. The study aimed to compare peri-implant osteogenesis on titanium femoral implants with alumina composite coatings applied by different methods to conventional titanium implants in an animal model. Materials and methods. Implants underwent sandblasting with silicon carbide, plasma torch treatment, and coating with titanium, corundum, sprayed titanium wire, or hydroxyapatite, resulting in seven different surfaces. 105 female Wistar rats received implants in their right femurs and were divided into 7 groups based on implant type and exposure duration (1, 2, or 4 weeks). Implant fragments were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to quantify chemical elements. Ratios of carbon to nitrogen and calcium to phosphorus were calculated. Data were analyzed using the U-Mann–Whitney test, with р < 0.05 as a significant value. Results. The energy dispersive X-spectrometry results confirmed morphological analysis findings by quantitatively and qualitatively assessing implants surface chemical composition. The key elements were evaluated, relevant for identifying bone tissue components like collagen (C and N) and hydroxyapatite (Ca and P), as well as implant coatings (Ti, Al, Ca, and P). Carbon and phosphorus showed fluctuations over time, with notable differences among groups. Aluminum appeared stable in some groups but varied in others. Calcium levels remained low initially and increased steadily in hydroxyapatite coated implants. Titanium levels were high initially, decreasing slightly over time. Morphological analysis correlated with surface roughness measurements. Notably, fibrin, collagen, and bone tissue presence varied among groups over time, with some groups showing significant mineralized bone tissue accumulation. After four weeks, blood clots persisted in some groups, while others exhibited bone tissue remodeling with the presence of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Alumina-based coatings showed signs of degradation, with alumina cement scales found among macrophages and fibers. Conclusions. Our study found that stable bone implants outperform alumina-composite coatings in long-term osseointegration due to mechanical stability. Although ceramic composites initially enhance osteoinductive properties, better attachment to titanium substrates is needed.

Osteoporosis is a disease associated with a decrease of bone density and quality. Bone tissue is especially sensitive to changes in trace element content in the body. Deficiency of macro- and microelements (silicon, calcium, manganese, etc.) can lead to the development of osteoporosis. The aim of the research was to study the effect of NaBiKat phytoextract on the viability and functional activity of fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), osteoblasts and osteoclasts, involved in bone metabolism in osteoporosis. Material and methods. An aqueous solution of the NaBiKat phytocomplex consisting of rice husks and germ film, green tea was used in the work; its content of basic chemical elements was measured using atomic immersion spectral analysis. The cytotoxicity of the phytoextract was evaluated on fibroblasts, MSCs, and osteoblasts of humans using the MTT test. The activity of mitochondria in cells was assessed by staining with a fluorescent dye TMRM. The production of intracellular proteins in osteoblasts and osteoclasts was determined using flow cytometry. Results and discussion. In an aqueous solution of phytoextract, a large amount of sodium, potassium, silicon, manganese, magnesium and a small amount of calcium, iron are found. The phytoextract did not have a cytotoxic effect on fibroblasts and stimulated proliferation of MSCs and osteoblasts up to 112–128 % and up to 130 %, respectively. At maximum concentration, the phytocomplex reduced osteoblast proliferation. Phytocomplex enhanced mitochondria activity in MSCs and osteoblasts, reduced in fibroblasts and osteoclasts. Under its influence, an increase in RANKL synthesis was observed in osteoblasts, the amount of type 1 collagen did not change, and cathepsin K production decreased in osteoclasts, while it did not significantly affect MMP-9 content. Conclusions. The results obtained indicate that an aqueous phytoextract based on rice husk and germ film, green tea leaves is safe for MSCs, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts in humans and is able to stimulate the functional activity of osteoblasts, as well as reduce the activity of osteoclasts due to the high content of macro- and microelements.

In this paper, we derive sharp asymptotics for the spectral data (eigenvalues and weight numbers) of the fourth-order linear differential equation with a distribution coefficient and three types of separated boundary conditions. Our methods rely on the recent results concerning regularization and asymptotic analysis for higher-order differential operators with distribution coefficients. The results of this paper have applications to the theory of inverse spectral problems as well as a separate significance.

Subject and Purpose. Computer simulation methods are used for investigating the errors that arise in the course of retrieval, by means of an improved photoclinometry technique, of planetary surface reliefs from sets of their photo images. The work has been aimed at evaluating the level of errors in numerically calculated heights and slopes of the reliefs, as retrieved from images with a variety of signal-to-noise ratios, also including estimates for possibly minimal errors. Methods and Methodology. The improved photoclinometry approach permits calculating the most probable relief realizations for parts of a planetary surface, proceeding from sets of their photographic images. Two optional ways for implementing the method are analyzed, namely application of an optimized Fourier transform-based filtering, or solution of Poisson’s equation within the finite-difference technique. Results.Computer experiments have demonstrated that the reliefs retrievable from photo images with the use of the improved photoclinometry methods are always qualitatively similar to real ones. In the case of calculations within the finite-difference method the level of errors in height determination made 0.21s0 to 0.27s0, where s0 stands for the root-mean-square deviation in the height of the relief being modeled. In the case of application of the Fourier analysis-based method the level of errors in the calculated heights varied between 0.86s0 and 0.33s0, while the signal-to-noise ratio for the initial images changed from 1.0 to 100. Within this version of the method the theoretical prediction for the lowest error in the calculated height varied from 0.83s0 to 0.13s0. The relief belonging to the middle portion of the area under study is always retrievable to a better accuracy, as compared with the sites adjacent to the image borders, no matter which of the two available techniques has been applied. Conclusions.The improved photoclinometry method allows retrieving surface reliefs from sets of their images, with error levels for estimates of height equaling either 0.21s0 to 0.27s0 (in the case of application of the finite difference computational technique), or 0.33s0 (if the Fourier analysis has been applied, with the signal-to-noise ratio SNR=50). It is recommended that relief retrieval were performed over sites of a larger surface area than might be strictly necessary for the purpose, since the error value estimated for the middle part of the site always turns out to be several times smaller than the error calculated over the entire area under study.

The article presents a literature review of the modern concept of anatomical and physiological structure and functioning of the cornea. The strict morphological structure and corneal tissue homeostasis ensure its transparency. Studying the mechanisms that regulate the constancy of the corneal tissue internal environment allows us to get closer to understanding the prospects forregenerative therapy for the corneal stroma pathology. The article discusses in detail the role and functional potential of corneal stromal cells, which are capable of reverse cytologic differentiation, which primarily ensures the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and corneal transparency. The functional activity of corneal cells can change for a number of reasons, which may be exogenous, iatrogenic (trauma, infection, etc.) or endogenous. Endogenous causes include: cell autoregulation pathologies (for example, enzyme defects); defects in transport systems leading to tissue hypoxia; disorders of the neuro-humoral regulation of trophism. The physical reason forthe violation of the corneal transparency is an increase in the light scattering. The article presents five main causes of increased light scattering in the opaque cornea, and also provides an overview of the main substances – components and products of cellular synthesis of corneal stromal cells: cytokines and growth factors (complex of the signal molecule and the SDF1/CXCR4 receptor, insulin-like growth factor 1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, erythropoietin, neurotrophic factors, etc.). Thus, corneal opacity can be caused by a single pathogenic mechanism or be the result of a complex effect of several factors. The main processes of tissue homeostasis regulation are aimed at maintaining the unique morphological structure of the cornea.

The use of enzyme preparations is a traditional trend in various fields of medicine. The usage of immobilized enzymes hyaluronidase (IG) and subtilisin (IS) seems to be very promising for the treatment of damage to the ocular surface. The aim of the study was to establish the nature of changes in the ultrastructural organization of human conjunctival epithelium under the influence of immobilized hyaluronidase and subtilisin in vitro. Material and methods. In the experiment, a culture of normal cells of the human conjunctiva Chanqconjunctiva, clone 1–5 C-4, was seeded in 96well plates in the amount of 2 × 104 cells/well, after 24 h the medium was removed, Eagle’s medium MEM and fetal calf serum were added and cells were cultured for another 48 h. 5 experimental groups were formed: group 1 – without drugs (except for the composition of the incubation scheme), groups 2 and 3 – with IS at a concentration of 37 and 150 U/ml, respectively, groups 4 and 5 – with IG at a concentration of 37 and 150 U/ml, respectively. After preparation of cell preparations under a JEM 1400 electron microscope (Japan), ultrathin sections of 70–100 nm were studied at ×1000 magnification. Results. The article presents the results of electron microscopy of a culture of normal cells of the human conjunctiva in 5 experimental groups of cells with a description of changes in cytoarchitectonics under the influence of IG and IS. Conclusions. The introduction of immobilized enzymes into human conjunctival cell culture at a low dose (37 U/ml) affects the organization of cells without cytotoxic effects, while increasing the dose directly correlates with the occurrence of a cytotoxic effect.

Background: Finding means for improving the effectiveness of drug therapy of ocular inflammatory disorders, especially those with comorbidities, is a challenge to ophthalmology. Purpose: To assess the efficacy of carnosine for improving the pro/antioxidative imbalance in the anterior segment of rabbit eyes with experimental anterior uveitis in the presence of ocular hypertension (OHT). Material and Methods: Thirty-three rabbits were used in the study. Group 1 (the control group) comprised 9 intact rabbits and group 2, 12 animals with OHT induced prior to experimental non-infectious uveitis. Group 3 comprised 12 animals in which carnosine 5% was administered bilaterally into the conjunctival sac twice daily for four weeks for OHT induced prior to experimental non-infectious uveitis. Non-infectious uveitis was induced by injecting albumin into the anterior chamber, and OHT was induced by a single 0.1-mL injection of carbomer 0.3% into the anterior chamber. Activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, NADH-oxidase and xanthine oxidase, and levels of total proteins and malondialdehyde (MDA) and diene conjugate (DC) in uveal tissue (iris and ciliary body) and aqueous humor specimens were determined. Results: Uveal activities of NADH-oxidase and xanthine oxidase were 19.4% (р < 0.05) and 27.2% (р < 0.01), respectively, lower in eyes of rabbits treated with carnosine than in eyes of animals not treated for anterior uveitis plus OHT. Uveal activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were 34.7%, 39.6% and 28.4%, respectively, higher, and uveal MDA and DC levels were 39.3% and 33.3%, respectively, lower, in eyes of the former rabbits than of the latter rabbits. Similar changes were found in aqueous humor specimens of the experimental rabbits. Conclusion: Carnosine, when instilled locally, contributed to improvement in the pro/antioxidative imbalance in the anterior segment of rabbit eyes with uveitis plus OHT. It is reasonable to include carnosine-based eye drops into multiagent therapy of uveitis complicated by OHT due to their antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and membrane-stabilizing effects.

Purpose. The article is aimed to perform a comparative analysis of the results of mine surveying and numerical studies of the running tunnel of the Kyiv metro and obtain the reliability of the author’s system of parametric analysis. Methodology. The comparative analysis of the results of research on the displacements of the running tunnel was carried out in two directions. In the first direction, the movement of the lining of the running tunnels between the stations «Slavutych» – «Osokorky», «Osokorky» – «Pozniaky» and «Pozniaky» – «Kharkivska» obtained in the course of mine surveying studies was analyzed. In the second direction, a numerical analysis using the finite element method was performed. For this analysis, models of three lining rings were created. These rings were chosen because the maximum level of vertical movements was observed in them. Their reason is the influence of the engineering and geological conditions of the part of the Syretsko-Pecherska line on the left bank of the Dnipro River. These conditions are characterized by the layering of weak and water-saturated soils (sands of various sizes and densities, sandy loams, light loams and clays). The lining of the real tunnel is a standard structure used for shield tunneling of the Kyiv metro. The models reflect the geometric dimensions of the running tunnels, as well as the deformation characteristics and soil density of the surrounding layered massif. Findings. The authors analyzed the characteristics of the layered massif and the maximum displacements of the running tunnels of the part of the Syretsko-Pecherska line on the left bank of the Dnipro River. In the course of the numerical analysis, the vertical displacements of the models of the three lining rings were obtained. A comparative analysis of the results of mine surveying and numerical studies was carried out. The obtained level of error (up to 15 %) between the results of mine surveying and numerical studies proves that the developed bases of parametric analysis are reliable. Originality. For the first time, the theoretical foundations of parametric analysis for a real underground object were introduced. The author’s developments related to the creation of finite-element models based on the real characteristics of the soils of the layered massif provide a high level of similarity to the results of theoretical developments and instrumental mine surveying measurements. Practical value. It consists in the substantiation of the parameters of the deformed state that occurs in the horizontal working during shield tunneling.

The article studies specific features of transformational changes both in national economy in general and on sectoral markets in particular due to COVID-19 pandemic. It is shown that we can observe fundamental transformation of customer behavior towards the increasing demand for goods providing essential needs, which in the future can result in shaping new sustainable behavior models on food market. It proves the necessity to control prices on the part of state. By researching economic effects of transforming the structure of foods consumption and their supply the authors draw a conclusion that the key share in production structure and dynamic of agricultural produce output belongs to big economic forms, they also put forward a hypothesis about keeping the trend towards integration on the part of supply. The trends identified by the authors in the field can give an opportunity to devise in the future alternative models of scenario forecasts of trends in developing small and large economic structures in the effective institutional conditions. The article also studies the importance of product customization as a factor of sustainability of small economic structures.

The study is devoted to the main aspects of digitalization of the economy. As a result, the authors identified the main development trends and tools that support it. The most significant was the trend towards the development of its own digital currency in Russia, the introduction of which will provide significant benefits to citizens, business and the state.

Currently, there are no efficacious, all-purpose antiviral medicines for the treatment of ocular surface infections caused by viruses. At the same time, type III interferons demonstrate high potency for histological barriers, such as the conjunctiva. Modification of protein molecules in native products can significantly improve their pharmacodynamic properties. Thus, it seems reasonable to develop antiviral medicines based on interferon lambda (IFN-λ1) and its pegylated form (PEG IFN-λ1).The aim of the study was to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effect of recombinant human IFN-λ1 and its pegylated form on Chang conjunctiva clone 1-5c-4 human conjunctival cells.Materials and methods: PEG IFN-λ1 was obtained by the electron beam immobilisation method. A normal human conjunctival cell line Chang conjunctiva clone 1-5c-4 was used for cell cultivation. The MTT test was used to assess the cytotoxic effect. Cell proliferative activity was studied by measuring microelectrode impedance. Ultrastructural changes were assessed by electron microscopy. Statistical processing was performed using the Statistica 10.0 software package.Results: IFN-λ1 (37 μg/mL) and PEG IFN-λ1 (42 μg/mL) had no significant cytotoxic effect on the human conjunctiva cell culture and the cell proliferative activity. The analysis of ultrastructural changes demonstrated that IFN-λ1 activated metabolic processes in the cells, and PEG IFN-λ1 promoted differentiation and keratinisation of epithelial cells and led to modification of the cell membrane. A ten-fold increase in IFN-λ1 and PEG IFN-λ1 concentration (to 370 μg/mL and 420 μg/mL, respectively) reduced the cell viability by 15–20% as compared to the intact control.Conclusions: the study results demonstrated that IFN-λ1 and PEG IFN-λ1 could be used as active pharmaceutical ingredients in the development of medicines for the treatment of conjunctival viral infections.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are considered as a promising tool for the treatment of inflammatory and degenerative diseases, but their effectiveness is associated with the survival of cells in an unfavorable microenvironment. Erythropoietin exhibits an anti-apoptotic effect for non-hematopoietic cells of the human and animal body. The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphofunctional properties of MSCs cultured with erythropoietin. Material and methods. MSCs were obtained from bone marrow aspirate of patients with chronic heart failure. The primary culture of MSCs-EPO was obtained by growth MSCs of the 4th passage for 7-8 days with erythropoietin at a dose of 33 IU/mL. The phenotype, differentiation in the adipogenic and osteogenic directions, proliferation, migration, and production of nitric oxide of MSCs were studied. Results and discussion. The study revealed that the cultivation of MSCs with erythropoietin contributes to an increase in the expression of the main surface molecules that characterize the cells belonging to true MSCs, possess to differentiated of MSCs into adipocytes and osteoblasts, a change in the expression levels of adhesion molecules, a decrease in the level of apoptosis, increased cell migration during the induction of oxidative stress and hyperglycemia. Conclusion. Cultivation of MSCs with erythropoietin increases the resistance of cells to adverse microenvironment factors.

Purpose: The paper discusses the possibility for increasing the planet’s surface relief retrieving accuracy with the improved photoclinometry method through the reference of the desired relief to the altimetry data. The general approach to solving the problem is proposed. The use of altimeters having both wide and narrow beam patterns are discussed, but the narrow beam pattern altimeter data is studied more in detail. The spatial resolution of the retrieved relief calculated with the improved photoclinometry method conforms to the one of the source images. Altimetry allows absolute reference to the surface heights and improves the accuracy of the relief determination. Design/metodology/approach: The work is based on the improved photoclinometry method for the planet’s surface relief retrieving from images. This method is mathematically rigorous and uses the Bayesian statistical approach, that allows calculation of the most probable relief according to available observations. Findings: An approach to determining the optimal statistical estimate of the surface heights from images in the frames of the improved photoclinometry method is proposed and an expression for the optimal filter which converts source images along with the wide beam pattern altimetry data into the most probable relief of the planet surface area is presented. The reference technique for the narrow beam pattern altimeter data is formulated. The efficiency of the method has been verified with the computer simulation. The relief of the surface area in Mare Imbrium on the Moon was retrieved using three images and laser altimeter data taken by the “Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter” spacecraft. Conclusions: Accounting for the narrow beam pattern altimeter data increases the accuracy of the relief determination. Using the narrow beam pattern altimeter data turns out to be more preferable over the involving wide beam pattern altimeter data. Computer simulation has shown that accounting for the narrow beam pattern altimeter data significantly increases the accuracy of the calculated heights as against using images exclusively and helps to speed up the calculation procedure.

Background: Our previous studies have demonstrated that raised IOP can contribute to an increase in the severity of inflammatory processes in the anterior segment. Given the involvement of free radical processes in the pathogenesis of uveitis, it is reasonable to use antioxidative agents for the treatment of the disease. The naturally occurring dipeptide carnosine (beta-alanyl-L-histidine) is a highly bioavailable low-molecular hydrophilic antioxidant with a direct effect on certain oxidant species and indirect effect on the system protecting the body from radicals; it contributes to membrane stabilization and can improve inflammatory processes. Purpose: To examine the features of the clinical course of experimental anterior uveitis developing in the presence of ophthalmic hypertension (OHT), and to improve the course with dipeptide carnosine. Material and Methods: Thirty-four rabbits were divided into three groups (group 1, 10 animals with induced allergic uveitis; group 2, 12 animals with OHT induced prior to experimental allergic uveitis; and group 3, 12 animals treated with carnosine for experimental allergic uveitis in the presence of OHT). Animals underwent biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy and tonometry. The number of white blood cells (WBC) in the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber was assessed microscopically, and total protein concentration was determined with the Lawry assay. Results: There were significant differences in the conjunctival and scleral injection (р=0.0001), pattern of keratic precipitates (р=0.0009), anterior chamber content (р=0.0034), pattern of posterior synechiae (р=0.0025), vitreous opacity (р=0.0338), and fundus pathology (р=0.0001) between groups of anterior uveitis-only and that with OHT. Even at four weeks of induced anterior uveitis, the number of WBC and the total protein in the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber were 14.3% (p > 0.05) and 27.5%, respectively, higher in in eyes of group 2 compared to eyes of group 1. The course of inflammatory process was significantly more severe in eyes with anterior uveitis in the presence of OHT than in eyes with uveitis-only, based on the comparison in major clinical signs in the anterior and posterior segments. Binocular instillation of carnosine solution in the conjunctival sac for 4 weeks resulted in a significant decrease in the severity of inflammatory process in the anterior and posterior segments in eyes of group 3, leading to an improved clinical picture and restoration of the blood-aqueous barrier and ciliary body transport, with a 45.8% decrease in the WBC and 31.6% decrease in total protein in the aqueous humor of the anterior chamber in treated eyes compared to untreated eyes with induced non-infectious anterior uveitis in the presence of OHT (р < 0.01). Conclusion: Integration of carnosine into the therapeutic regimen for ocular inflammation in the presence of raised IOP would substantially improve treatment outcomes and reduce the complication rate.

Chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and disturbance of the integrity of the blood-brain barrier are considered as strategically important links in the development of cognitive deficits in diabetic encephalopathy. Taking this into account, one of the modern trends in the optimization of the treatment of cognitive impairments induced by prolonged hyperglycemia is the co-administration of agents with antihyperglycemic and nootropic activity, in particular, metformin with piracetam. It has been shown that under conditions of experimental alloxan-induced hyperglycemia, piracetam has insufficient nootropic potential for eliminating cognitive deficits. Metformin has a weak nootropic effect in short-term use in low doses, without exhibiting these properties in prolonged administration. When combined with piracetam, metformin potentiates its antiamnesic properties, which helps to restore cognitive functions impaired by hyperglycemia. It is assumed that the mechanisms of such synergism are mediated by a decrease in the content of early and late markers of the destruction of protein molecules, the level of stable nitric oxide metabolites in the cerebral cortex, as well as a significant limitation of the manifestations of ultrastructural destructive changes in hippocampal neurons with a simultaneous improvement in the state of its microvasculature. The obtained results indicate the expediency of the combined use of metformin with nootropic agents for the prevention or treatment of cognitive impairments that occur as a result of diabetes mellitus.

Today’s social and economic development of Russian regions is characterized by extreme unevenness and depends on many factors affecting the potential possibilities of the territory. Proceeding from this fact, the article studies key economic trends, which research theoretical foundations of regional growth and territorial development, reveals their main idea and identifies factors influencing the development of regions in order to use them in the analysis of Russian regional inequality. The authors investigate differentiation of Russian regions’ inequality by a number of social and economic parameters and distinguish groups of regions, which gives an opportunity to discover key factors of their development and find reasons for their backwardness. On the basis of the comparative analysis they came to the conclusion that territorial polarization of Russian regions goes on rising, mainly in wages, investment budget revenues, while investment concentration is still observed in regions with max competitive advantages, i. e. high agglomeration and rich in raw materials. According to the authors, these problems can be resolved by complex measures of state policy, which have both general regional and selective nature. For each group of regions lines of selective regional policy were put forward, which could effectively smooth regional disproportions and promote the development of economy as a whole.

Abstract We analysed the relationship between the chemical complex (concentration of dissolved ions, nutrients, pH) and biological parameters (primary production, biomass of phytoplankton, abundance and activity of bacterial communities) at estuaries of rivers and coastal waters of Southern Baikal during the under-ice period. Correlation network analysis revealed CO2 to be the main limiting factor for the development of algae and microbial communities in the coastal zone of Lake Baikal. This study indicates that primarily reverse synthesis of bicarbonate and carbonate ions associated with the development of phytoplankton and accumulation of dissolved CO2 during photosynthesis regulates pH in the Baikal water. We did not detect the anthropogenic factors that influence the change in pH and acidification. Near the Listvyanka settlement (Lake Baikal, Listvennichnaya Bay), there was a great number of organotrophs and thermotolerant bacteria with low bacterioplankton activity and high concentration of organic carbon. This evidences eutrophication due to the influx of organic matter having an anthropogenic source. Nutrients produced during the bacterial destruction of this matter may explain the changes in bottom phytocenoses of Listvennichnaya Bay.

Background. Significant prevalence and the possibility of transformation into organic pathology determine the relevance of functional disorders of the gallbladder and sphincter of Oddi in children. The proposed hypothesis is that the increased differentiation of fibroblasts into the smooth muscle cells of the gallbladder wall in the experimental model of mice occurs under the influence of ursodeoxycholic acid. Objective: to determine the histo-ultrastructural changes of cells of the muscular wall of the gallbladder wall of experimental mice under the action of ursodeoxycholic acid. Methods. By the method of simple randomization, mice were divided into 2 groups: experimental group (n = 17) - animals that were received ursodeoxycholic acid at a dose of 100.0 mg/kg and control group (n = 13) - intact (distilled water). Gallbladder morphological examination was performed using light and electron microscopy methods. Results. Impact of ursodeoxycholic acid on the gallbladder muscular layer characterized by moderate hypertrophy of the gallbladder smooth muscle myocytes that contain metabolically active pale nuclei and prominent nucleoli. After the ursodeoxycholic acid administration an increase in the content and activity of the elements of the contractile and energy apparatus of leiomyocytes were found. In addition, ursodeoxycholic acid administration led to an increase in the number of caveolae and micropinocytic vesicles near the cell membrane of smooth muscle cells. Analysis of the components of the interstitium of the mice gallbladder muscular layer of the experimental group revealed the nuclear activity of fibroblasts due to the decondensation of chromatin. Also in the experimental group was characterized by the presence of immature collagen fibrils along with normal striated fibers that was a sign of the rearrangement of the endomysium structure. Conclusion. The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on the muscular membrane of the gallbladder wall of mice of the experimental group is morphologically manifested by signs of moderate hypertrophy of smooth myocytes, activation of their intracellular transport and increased activity of interstitial fibroblasts.

Stem/progenitor cells are considered an alternative method of heart failure therapy by promoting regeneration of damaged myocardium in myocardial infarction. Effectiveness of cell therapy depends on the population composition and functional activity of the cell graft, and, in turn, it depends on the conditions of microenvironment. Cultivation of stem/progenitor cells with erythropoietin stimulates proliferative potential causing in vitro resistance to hypoxia, and in vivo stimulation of angiogenesis. We aimed for assessing effects of erythropoietin upon hematopoietic cells. We studied some effects of short-term incubation of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) with erythropoietin upon cellular phenotype, cell cycle, apoptosis and their proliferative potential. BM-MNCs were isolated from bone marrow aspirate from patients with CHD in a density gradient, then incubated for 60 minutes with erythropoietin (33.4 IU/ml). Using flow cytometric assay of the total BM-MNCs pool, we have shown there endothelial progenitor cells at different stages of maturation and differentiation, mesenchymal stem cells are. Their total number did not exceed 30%. Short-term incubation of BM-MNCs with erythropoietin reduces expression of CD184 “homing receptor” molecules on CD34+ cells, and causes increase of CD184 on CD31+ cells in the BM-MNCs pool (p < 0.05). In addition, erythropoietin has been shown to cause a delay of CD34+ cells in the resting phase (G0G1), reduce a proportion of cells in the synthetic phase (S) and mitosis (G2/M) (p

Backgroud. The dynamics of morphogenetic rearrangements of myocardial mitochondriom under the influence of hypothyroidism and electromagnetic radiation remains insufficiently studied. These circumstances determine the relevance and need to study the mitochondrial reactions of cardiomyocytes in these conditions. Objective.Determination of the reactions of the contractile cardiomyocytes mitochondrial apparatus of the left ventricle of rat heart under hypothyroidism on the effect of various exposures to electromagnetic radiation. Methods. We studied samples of the intramural zone of the free wall of left ventricle in sexually mature rats. Experimental animals were divided into 6 groups: 1) control (intact rats) 2) rats with hypothyroidism; 3) rats after general electromagnetic irradiation with an exposure of 45 minutes 4) rats after irradiation with an exposure of 120 minutes 5) rats with hypothyroidism after irradiation with an exposure of 45 minutes 6) rats with hypothyroidism after irradiation with an exposure of 120 minutes. The hypothyroid state was modeled using thyroidectomy. The effect of electromagnetic radiation was carried out daily for 10 days on the whole body. Ultrastructural analysis of the mitochondrial apparatus was performed using transmission electron microscopy. Results. Experimental hypothyroidism in rats was accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial heteromorphism of contractile cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle, cristolysis of myofibrillar mitochondria, and the appearance of giant organelles with severe swelling of the matrix. After irradiation with an exposure of 45 minutes, the overall structure of the mitochondrial apparatus is unchanged. An exposure of 120 minutes caused the destruction of subsarcolemmal and paranuclear organelles, edema and degradation of intermyofibrillar mitochondria. After exposure for 45 minutes under conditions of a hypothyroid state, mitochondria in paranuclear localization were represented by enlarged organelles with a vacuolar type of damage, without signs of destruction of the external membranes, moderate cristolysis, with an electronically clear matrix. Exposure for 120 minutes in animals with hypothyroidism led to edema and destruction of most mitochondria, destruction of cristae, effects of excessive tension on preserved organelles, damage to the structure of intermitochondrial contacts, and inhibition of reproduction of mitochondria. Conclusion. After exposure to electromagnetic radiation for 45 minutes under hypothyroid conditions, there is a compensatory restructuring of the energy apparatus of contractile cardiomyocytes of the left ventricle due to neoplasm of mitochondria and an increase in their contact interaction. After the action of irradiation for 120 minutes, the development of destructive-degenerative processes in the mitochondrial apparatus of left ventricular cardiomyocytes is observed, and damage to intermitochondrial contacts is extended.

Purpose. To study the involvement of dopamine and noradrenaline in the pathogenesis of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) on an original rat model of the disease.Material and methods. The study was conducted on 41 newborn Wistar rats (82 eyes), divided into 2 groups: experimental (EROP, rats with experimental ROP, n = 21) and control (n = 20). The rats were taken out of the experiment on the 7th, 14th, 23rd and 28th days of life. All rat pups were given binocular enucleation at the indicated times, whereupon the eyeballs were dissected along the limbus and the cornea, lens, hyaloid system, and vitreous were removed. The retina was isolated from the eye cup. The isolated retinal samples were homogenized in 10 volumes of 0.1 n HClO4 containing 50 pmol/ml (or more) of 3,4-dihydroxybenzylamine (DBA), using an ultrasonic homogenizer (Labsonic M, Sartorius), centrifuged at 2000g for 20 minutes, and the norepinephrine, dopamine and precursor of dopamine — L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) were determined in the resulting supernatant. The contents of substances were measured using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (Amperometric detector LC-4B, Bioanalytical Systems, USA) set at the potential of 850 mV.Results. On the 7th day, on which avascular retinal zones in both groups of animals existed, no significant differences were found in the content of monoamines in the retina of rats with EROP and in the control group. On the 28th day, the content of noradrenaline, dopamine and L-DOPA in the retina of the experimental group was significantly increased compared with the control. On day 23, corresponding to the peak of neovascularization in the EROP model applied, the level of norepinephrine in the retina of experimental group rats was significantly higher, while the level of L-DOPA was significantly lower compared to the control group. The dopamine level was comparable in both study groups and similar to the level of L-DOPA in the control group. On the 28th day, corresponding to the beginning of EROP regression accompanied by vascular activity decrease, the content of dopamine and L-DOPA remained lower than in the control group.Conclusion. During the development of pathological neovascularization of rat pup retina with EROP, the level of noradrenaline is growing, revealing a peak corresponding to the period of pronounced pathological growth of retinal vessels within the applied model, which indicates to the fact of noradrenalin proangiogenic properties and its direct participation in the pathogenesis of ROP. The level of dopamine and its predecessor, L-DOPA, increased towards the 14th day as compared to its level detected on the 7th day, which may be due to the maturation of the amacrine cells producing, and then, on the day 23. i. e. during the period corresponding to the maximum peak of angiogenesis, its relative decrease of L-DOPA was noted. It can be assumed that the lack of this monoamine, and hence insufficient manifestation of its anti-angiogenic properties contributes to the development of uncontrolled neovascularization of the retina.

Erythropoietin (EPO) is mainly used to stimulate erythropoiesis. Its cytoprotective effects upon other cells of the human body and animals were recently shown, in particular, anti-apoptotic effect was observed. EPO effect upon the cells is mediated by interaction with erythropoietin receptor, with a complex forming a heterodimeric bond with β-common chain (CD131). In the present work, we studied the changes in erythropoietin receptor expression, and production spectrum of biologically active molecules in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) of patients with coronary heart disease. The flow cytometric assays showed that short-term incubation of BM-MNC with erythropoietin caused increased expression of the erythropoietin receptors on hematopoietic stem cells and tended to reduce the number of endothelial progenitor cells carrying the erythropoietin receptors. Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay in conditioned media from BM-MNC revealed that long-term (72 hours) exposure of BM-MNC to erythropoietin promoted increased production of IL-1β, PDGF-AB, and Epo, if compared to the basal production level (p < 0.05). Short-term incubation of BM-MNC with erythropoietin (60 minutes) caused a significant increase in the IL-1β, PDGF-AB and CXCL-12 / SDF-1α production levels, as well as significant reduction in the IL-10 production levels compared to the basal levels (p < 0.05).

The aim of the study was to fulfill correlation analysis of morphometry of the mesenteric lymph nodes and the concentration of cytokines in the lymph of the thoracic duct in breast cancer induced by intramammary administration of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, chemotherapy according to the CMF scheme (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil). The results of the study. At breast cancer revealed positive correlation: in the germinative centers and medullary cords of cytokine IL-5 with mitotically dividing cells, chemokines MIP-1α with average lymphocytes, in the germinative centers of immunoblasts with cytokine GRO/KC, in the paracortical zone chemokine MCP-1 with macrophages, reticular cells with IL-6 and M-CSF, in the medullary sinuses chemokine GRO/KC with small lymphocytes and mature plasma cells (number which decreases). All this may indicate the activity of the local immune response in the lymph nodes aimed on the antitumor protection. After chemotherapy of breast cancer, compared with breast cancer without treatment, revealed positive relationship, which may indicate increased immunomodulatory and antitumor actions of cytokines: correlation of interferon IFNγ with small lymphocytes (number which increased) and macrophages in the germinative centers and mitotically dividing cells in the medullary cords, correlation in the germinative centers of immunoblasts with MIP-1α and increased of number small lymphocytes in T-dependent zone lymph nodes, correlation in medullary cords of interleukin IL-17 with mature plasma cells (number which increased) , correlation of interleukin IL-18 with mature plasma cells in medullary sinuses. Conclusion. Study of the correlation of the concentration of cytokines in the lymph of the thoracic duct with structural changes in the mesenteric lymph nodes revealed dependencies aimed at increasing the immunomodulating and antitumor effects of cytokines.

The efficient social and economic development of the Russian Federation is impossible without sustainable development of its entities, which implies well-balanced regional economy based on advanced production, housing and public utility, transport and other types of infrastructure; the development of social sphere and provision of favourable living conditions for the population; elimination of misbalances in regional development. At the same time the social and economic development of our country gradually acquires the innovation orientation, which sets new goals for state aimed at ensuring sustainable dynamics of innovation processes at the regional level. The essential condition of the country and its regions innovation development is the effective regulating impact on the whole totality of lines, which could raise innovation activity and competitiveness of different levels. The authors analyzed Russia's positions in the global innovation index, studied the index components, which could give the country an opportunity to get high results of innovation activity and those indicators, where Russia is lagging behind the majority of countries. The authors showed the factors hindering the impact on innovation processes both in quantitative and qualitative indicators of innovation activity. Leaning on statistic data the authors analyzed key social factors influencing conditions and results of innovation development in regions for the last decade and highlighted principle problems hindering innovation processes.

Background. According to the data of the world literature among the diseases of the tendon-ligament apparatus of the hand, the processes of stenosis of the fibrous channels amount to 43.8%, and the stenosing ligamentitis of the fingers of the hand - up to 22.3% of cases. The pathogenesis of the disease is not fully established. Objective. To complete knowledge of the pathogenesis of stenosingligamentitis of the fingers of the hand through histological and morphometric studies. The study material was biopsy specimens of the altered ring-shaped ligament in 57 adult patients received during surgery. For a comparative assessment of morphological changes, 11 ring-shaped ligaments in corpses without a common pathology and local manifestations of the hand were examined. Results. In untreated patients (group I), with an increase in the duration of the disease, signs of lymphocyte-cell infiltration, edema of the ring-shaped ligament and distrofic-degenerative changes accompanied by a decrease in the fibrillar component and the appearance of chondrogenic foci increased. In patients of the second group, the pathological process was characterized by the lymphocyte-fibroblastic phase of independence from the duration of the disease. At the same time, changes in the cellular composition of fibrous connective tissue prevailed. Conclusion. In patients of group I, an increase in the specific area of the main amorphous substance was determined 7.92 times and 2.57 times the macrophage-lymphocytic infiltrates of endothendinia and perithendinium, and in endothendia they were accompanied by collagenolysis and foci of ectopic chondrogenesis. In patients of group II, the proportion of the area of endothendia increased by 42.46% due to early violations of the architecture of the ligament fibers and lymphocytic infiltration; in the epithendia, the hypercellular regions were determined with dense hyperchromicfibrocytes. After 12 months The specific area of the endothendia increased by 4.76 times.

Objective: to conduct a retrospective analysis of the results of sonographic, virological and morphological studies of cases of non-immune hydrops fetalis followed by intrauterine fetal death because of severe cardiovascular insufficiency (SCI) against parvovirus infection (PVI) with the aim of identifying signs of an adverse perinatal prognosis for the fetus. Object and methods. Infection of pregnant women was detected by serological diagnostics of specific antibodies IgM and IgG to parvovirus B19. Intrauterine fetal infection was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). An antenatal diagnosis of hydrops fetalis was made using ultrasound scanning; intracranial hemodynamics, fetal myocardial hemodynamics and heart function were monitored using Doppler ultrasound with calculation of peripheral vascular resistance indices. The myocardium of human fetus was studied histologically with hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results. In 15/33 (45.5 %) cases of infection with parvovirus B19 non-immune fetal hydrops was diagnosed in the II–III trimesters of pregnancy. The development of CVI, which arose secondary, against the background of myocarditis with/without fetal anemia (FA) was found in all the cases of fetal loss – 6/15 (40 %), in which the presence of parvovirus DNA in the pericardial effusion was proven after autopsy by the results of a polymerase chain reaction. Conclusions. Myocarditis as a result of PVI promotes the emergence of CVI with the development of hydropericardium, has a fatal prognosis for the fetus, despite attempts to intrauterine blood transfusion in the III trimester. Fetal myocarditis against the background of non-immune fetal hydrops hinders timely non-invasive diagnosis of severe FA, is the cause of CVI which leads to extremely unfavorable consequences for the fetus.

Актуальність. Анемічний синдром, який супроводжує розвиток патології у хворих з колоректальним раком, може стати причиною серйозних ранніх післяопераційних ускладнень. Є актуальним питання про те, як впливають заходи передопераційної підготовки на стан структур кишечника і клінічну ситуацію в цілому. Особливе значення в цій ситуації набуває корекція анемічного синдрому ще до проведення оперативного втручання за допомогою стимуляторів гемопоезу. Мета дослідження – аналіз динаміки еритропоезу і змін тканинної і клітинної ультраструктури в інтраопераційних біоптатах товстої кишки після стимуляції еритропоезу в передопераційній підготовці при хірургічному лікуванні хворих з колоректальним раком. Методи. Проведено вивчення червоного кісткового мозку і стінки товстого кишечника за допомогою трансмісійної електронної мікроскопії. Результати. Для більшості хворих з колоректальним раком характерний розвиток ознак неефективного еритропоезу з помірним уповільненням диференціювання еритробластів і затримкою виходу зрілих еритроцитів у системну циркуляцію. Стимуляція еритропоезу за допомогою епоетину призводить до підвищення функціональної активності центральних макрофагів еритропоетичних острівців червоного кісткового мозку і посилення їх міжклітинної асоціації з дозріваючими еритроїдними клітинами. Це супроводжується формуванням великої кількості повноцінних еритроцитів, збільшенням чисельної щільності клітин еритроїдного ряду і нормалізацією їх ультраструктури. Підсумок. Стимуляція еритропоезу за допомогою епоетину в передопераційному періоді обумовлює стримування ендотеліальної дисфункції за рахунок обмеження дистрофічних і деструктивних змін органел ендотеліальних клітин, стабілізації їх мембран, запобігання спазму артеріол, явищ стазу і сладжа еритроцитів. Як наслідок, явища інфільтрації, периваскулярного й інтерстиційного набряку в складі оболонок кишкової стінки виражені набагато меншою мірою, ніж у групі хворих без передопераційної активації еритропоезу.

Актуальність. Досі немає чіткого морфологічного уявлення про структурні зміни у сім’яних пу­хирцях, що відбуваються у них підчас порушень кровообігу органів репродуктивної системи, тоді як клінічні прояви порушень у цих органах чітко підтверджені на практиці. Мета. Вивчення змін паренхіми та мікроциркуляції сім’яних пухирців при порушеннях кровообігу органів сечостатевої системи є актуальним та становить мету даного до­слідження. Результати. Ультраструктурні зміни в цитоплазмі секреторних епітеліоцитів сім’яних пухирців після перев’язування сім'яного канатика спостерігалися в напрямку істотного збіднення на елементи білкового біосинтезу, зменшувалась кількість канальців комплексу Гольджі. Секрет накопичувався в апікальній частині клітин і разом з фрагментами цитоплазми і мікроворсинками виділявся в просвіт канальців. Спостерігалась гетероморфність клітин: в більшості канальці гранулярної ендоплазматичної сітки були патологічно розширеними, проте іноді виявлялися сформованими або редукованими. Значно ушкоджувалась структура мікросудин. Після ремоделювання кровообігу частково відновлювалась секреторна активність головних епітеліоцитів і структура гемокапілярів. У складі ядерець ендотеліоцитів спостерігалися характерні компоненти ядерцевих організаторів, що вказувало на активний перебіг репаративних процесів у складі мікросудинного компонента сім’яних пухирців. Підсумок. За умов моделювання порушень кровообігу органів малого тазу спостерігається суттєва деструкція епітеліального компонента сім’яних пухирців, яка зростає у термін від 7-ї до 20-ї доби експерименту та корелює зі ступенем ушкодження мікроциркуляції. Після ремоделювання циркуляторного ушкодження відбувається істотне підвищення секреторної активності головних епітеліоцитів сім’яних пухирців і часткове відновлення ультраструктури гемокапілярів, проте репаративна регене­рація мікросудин має обмежений характер.

Objective: to compare the morphological and functional properties of mesenchymal stem cells from mammary tissues and chemically-induced mammary tumor tissues. material and methods. The study included 25 female Wistar rats. In 20 rats, mammary carcinoma was induced by intramammary injection of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea after estrus synchronization with chorionic gonadotropin. The control group consisted of 5 rats. Mammary carcinoma was verified histologically and immunohistochemically. To examine, whether the cells isolated from normal tissue and tumor tissue belonged to mesenchymal stem cells, FACS Canto II flow cytofluorometer was used. The functional properties of mesenchymal stem cells were evaluated in MTT assay by the level of nitric oxide production in normal and by hydrogen peroxide-induced hypoxia. The levels of prolactin, luteinizing hormone and estradiol E2 in urine were studied using solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. results. Chemically-induced mammary tumor according to histological and immunohistochemical studies corresponded to luminal B type breast cancer in humans. In rats that developed mammary tumors, the urine prolactin levels after synchronization of estrus were increased. In rats that did not develop tumors, the levels of prolactin and luteinizing hormone were decreased, but the levels of estradiol E2 were increased. More mesenchymal stem cells with CD45-/CD90+phenotype were obtained from the breast tumor tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells from tumor tissue showed increased proliferative potential and were more resistant to hypoxia. conclusion. Tumor- associated mesenchymal stem cells having high proliferative potential and resistance to hypoxia were obtained from chemically-induced mammary tumor tissue. Morphologic and functional differences in mesenchymal stem cells obtained from mammary breast tissue and tumor tissue require further studies.

Purpose: to assess the level of catecholamines norepinephrine and dopamine in rat retina with experimental retinopathy of prematurity (EROP) at a time corresponding to the peak of neovascularization. Material and methods. The study was performed on 41 infant Wistar rats (82 eyes). The rats were divided into 2 groups: the experimental group (with EROP, n = 21) and the control group (n = 20). In order to reproduce the EROP, the newborn rats were placed for 14 days in the incubator together with their mother. Every 12 hours, the oxygen concentration in the incubator ranged from 60 to 15 %. The control group consisted of pups who were held in conditions with a normal oxygen content (21 %) from the moment of birth. The pups were withdrawn from the experiment on the 10th, 14th, 23rd and 28th day, whereupon they were subjected to binocular enucleation followed by histological examination, in addition, the content of noradrenaline and one of the metabolites of dopamine (L-DOPA) was determined in retinal samples of the eyeballs obtained on the 23rd day by highly effective liquid chromatography technique with electrochemical detection.Results. Histological examination showed that in our EROP model the neovascularization peak occurs on the 23rd day of the experiment. At this time rat pups with EROP showed a significantly lower retinal L-DOPA level as compared to the control values (13.99 ng/g and 30.5 ng/g, respectively), and the norepinephrine level significantly exceeded such values (63.7 ng/g and 7.69 ng/g, respectively).Conclusion. A relative deficiency of dopamine and a relative excess of norepinephrine of the rat pups with EROP is noted at the time of the highest vascular activity of the retina. The obtained data confirm anti-angiogenic properties of dopamine and pro-angiogenic properties of noradrenaline in the second phase of EROP development.

The aim of the present systematic literature review is to summarize data on the role of TLRs in maintaining homeostasis of the female genitals, in maintaining the physiological development of pregnancy, provision of anti-infective resistance in pregnant women with intrauterine infection. The review substantiates the importance of TLRs of female genitals as a necessary and determining factor in the reaction to various changes in the environment, and also responsible for changes in metabolic, structural, or energy, in the maintenance of anti-infective resistance and homeostasis. As universal regulators of vital activity of organism TLRs in conjunction with other receptors of innate immunity provide maintaining the general reactivity and anti-infective resistance at the physiological level. In physiologically developing pregnancy in a background of immunosuppression in response to pregnancy TLRs during contact with infectious and non-infectious pathogens stimulate the production of nonspecific adaptive immunity factors (defensins, cathelicidins, histatines, etc.), which together with the non-specific innate factors lysozyme, complement, properdin, etc. support antiinfective resistance of the female genitals at a high level at the beginning of the infectious process. Possible violations of the development of pregnancy may be accompanied by changes in the response of TLRs to infectious and non-infectious factors until hyper-reaction, excessive inflammation or apoptosis, which requires adequate management of pregnancy. Was established the significance of the influence of pathogens of infectious and noninfectious origin in intrauterine infection indirectly through TLRs in the homeostasis of the organism, on the formation of breaches in anti-infective resistance at the organism and community level the identification of new pathophysiological and immunological pathogenetic mechanisms of development of pathological processes. IUI is a penetration of microorganisms into the tissues of fetus and it’s infection. The inhibition of the functional activity of TLRs is accompanied by the direct effect of the pathogen on the tissues, and during hyper-reaction of TLRs to pathogens revealed a pronounced inflammatory response in the fetus. The level of expression of TLRs correlates directly with the severity of the process that can be considered as early markers of infection. Depending on the nature of the pathogen an increased expression of one or the other TLRs is observed. Explained the lack of symptoms, the possibility of atypical manifestations, the asymptomatic course of infection.

The article presents a clinical case of the successful stent graft placement in the descending aorta of the patient with acute spinal cord circulatory impairment due to traumatic aortic dissection after a traffic collision.

В рамках розгляду політико-правової думки США періоду боротьби за незалежність проаналізовано ідеї представників двох найвпливовіших політичних таборів – республіканців (Франкліна, Пейна, Джефферсона) та федералістів (Гамільтона, Маршалла, Медісона), ідеї яких справили значний вплив на американську та світову конституційну практику. Відзначено роль та значення відповідних ідей для сучасної України.

Показано, что введение препарата G-CSF (Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor, гранулоцитарный колониестимулирующий фактор) пациентам с хронической сердечной недостаточностью оказывает гемостимулирующее воздействие, увеличивая количество лейкоцитов и нейтрофилов в периферической крови. G-CSF приводит к мобилизации прогениторных клеток из костного мозга в периферическую кровь. На количество CD34 +-клеток после мобилизации влияют их базальное содержание, количество инфарктов и длительность после последнего перенесенного инфаркта.

Parvovirus infection in pregnant women caused the development of immuno­patho­logical reactions.129 infected pregnant women and 16 women with physiological pregnancy in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters were examined. The functional state of neutrophils (Nph) and monocytes (Mc) of peripheral blood was investigated, parameters of cellular and humoral immunity and cytokine profile of serum of pregnant women were studied. In infected pregnant women in different periods of gestation as compared with pregnant women of control groups there were observed 1) an increase of index of phagocytosis Nph and Mc against the background of reducе of their absorption capacity and increasing NBT-activity with a decrease of reserve capacities of phagocytes; 2) an activation of the cellular immunity with an increase of helper mechanisms of the immune response; 3) a reliable increase of IgM level in serum in different periods of pregnancy; 4) a reliable increase of the content of IFN-γ, FNP-α, IL-2, IL-8 inserum against the background of a slight decrease in the level of anti-inflammatory IL-10. The largest deviations from the control indicators were recorded in the 1st trimester of pregnancy.

ABSTRACT. Background. Complex severe wounds require enormous efforts in their treatment. Negative pressure wound therapy, or vacuum assistance wound closure (VAC), is a promising method of accelerated wound healing. However, its efficacy needs to be approved and explained. Objective. Histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopy assessment of wound healing under negative pressure comparing with conventional wound cure. Methods. Histological, immunohistochemical, electron microscopy and morphometric evaluation of specimens from wound bed at admission of patients, 3 and 7 days of treatment. The morphometric analysis was performed using the ImageJ image analysis software. Results. Morphological evaluation demonstrated reduction of inflammatory infiltration, advance in wound re-epithelisation and support of negative pressure wound therapy in collagen matrix remodeling due to early proliferation of fibroblasts, elevated collagen production and myofibroblasts differentiation. Immunohistochemical labeling of vascular endothelial marker CD34 revealed significantly enhanced angiogenesis in the wound that occurs as formation of more developed and functioning microvessels on day 3 of negative pressure wound therapy comparing to control group and its reduction on 7 day of treatment. Conclusion. Vacuum assistance wound closure is a more effective method of severe combat wounds healing, than application of gauze bandages. Negative pressure wound therapy benefits a wound repair by enhancing angiogenesis, diminishing inflammation, and contributing to early connective tissue development.

The results of the study of psychological peculiarities of social support between people with mental health problems in self-help groups with different localization are presented in the article. One of it makes its activity in the psychiatric hospital, the other one – in the community. It is also discussed one of the study tasks development of recommendations for social workers, how to begin and accompany the self-help group of people with mental health problems. It is shown that there are differences in the indicators of functional, structural and evaluative measure of social support in two self-help groups of persons with mental health problems, one of it works in a hospital, the other – in the community. It is suggested that social support within the self-help groups of people with mental health problems is implemented by integrating all components of support according to the needs of the participants due to the integrated role of psychological support as a means of activating the practice of coping strategies for the further integration of the person with mental health problems into community. The methodical recommendations, which were developed by the course of the study, for the accompaniment of self-help groups of people with mental health problems by social worker in the community, as a source of social and psychological support and as an additional resource to the network of professional and family support, are suggested. Three functional areas of the accompaniment of self-help groups by a specialist are discussed: organizational, diagnostic, and empowerment participants and self-directed group.

Comparative pharmacoeconomic analysis of fixed-dose combinations (FDC) vilanterol / fluticasone furoate vs budesonide / formoterol was needed to identify the preferable FDC for asthma management.Study objective: to identify the preferable FDC of inhaled corticosteroid/ longacting beta agonist combinations (ICS/LABA) for the treatment of moderate or severe asthma in Russia. Materials andMethods. Retrospective comparative pharmacoeconomic study; cost-minimization analysis and budget-impact analysis.Results. The present analysis shows that the 12-month direct medical costs for the treatment of asthma using vilanterol / fluticasone furoate and budesonide / formoterol are 29,276 and 40,447 RUR per patient, respectively. The direct costs of treatment with vilanterol / fluticasone furoate are less than those for budesonide / formoterol by 28%. The annual health budget savings that result from replacing budesonide / formoterol by vilanterol / fluticasone furoate are 1,151,512,731 RUR per 100,000 patients.Conclusion. The present results indicate that the vilanterol / fluticasone furoate FDC is preferable (more beneficial) as compared with the budesonide / formoterol FDC.