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The scope of the work requested under this specific contract is to provide a report/assessment text that may be directly incorporated into EEA’s 2018 report exploring the linkages between socioeconomic status (SES) in Europe and exposure to air and noise pollution, as well as to climate-related impacts. More specifically, this report builds on the findings of the 2016 Science for Environment Policy (SEP) report to provide an updated qualitative review of the latest evidence and state of knowledge regarding the role of SES in determining exposure, susceptibility and vulnerability to air pollution and noise, documenting research that explores the multiple factors and drivers that can lie behind these linkages. This review has identified and synthesised evidence from a wide range of sources in response to the objectives set by the EEA and covers evidence relating to at least 18 of the EEA-33 countries. The conclusions presented here explicitly identify where this review confirms, contradicts or adds to the conclusions of the SEP report.

From the different communications published by the EU, policy makers and public authorities have been defined as the major users of the GMES land initiative. In parallel, national mandated bodies and research institutions have been in charge of the development of the national land monitoring program and of the development of the CORINE Land Cover program at the EU level, which has been included as one of the GMES activities.