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Best management practices that optimize agronomic performance and make Brassica carinata production compatible with existing cropping systems are crucial for the establishment of a carinata supply chain in the southeastern United States. To this end, research was carried out to quantify land preparation method (conventional, no-till, broadcast-disc, and ripper-roller) and seeding rate effects on (1.12, 5.60, 10.09, and 14.57 kg seed ha−1) on B. carinata physiology, yield, and seed chemical composition. Data were collected on days to 50% flowering; canopy cover; gaseous exchange parameters (leaf net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, intercellular CO2, and water use efficiency); leaf area index; root weight; shoot weight; aboveground biomass; yield; and seed chemical composition. Leaf net photosynthesis was affected by land preparation treatment, being greater under the ripper-roller treatment, particularly during bolting. On the other hand, a decrease in photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, and water use efficiency was observed as seeding rate increased, especially during bolting. Carinata seed under the ripper-roller land preparation had the greatest oil content but lowest glucosinolates and protein contents. Yield did not respond to land preparation. Yield was minimized (732 kg seed ha−1) at the 1.12 kg ha−1 seeding rate and maximized (1087 kg seed ha−1) at the 5.6 kg ha−1 seeding rate. No land preparation by seeding rate interaction was observed for gas exchange parameters and LAI during any of the growth stages, nor was any interaction observed for yield. Carinata's physiological response to seeding rate did not depend on land preparation method employed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]