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3. Closed field line vortices in planetary magnetospheres

Author

Nemeth, Zoltan

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

In a rotation-dominated magnetosphere, there is a region where closed field lines rotate around the planet, and also a region where the open field lines stretch away from the planet, forming the lobes of the magnetotail. This paper shows that there could be a third, significantly different region, where the closed field lines form twisted vortex structures anchored in the magnetotail. Such patterns form when there are significant plasma sources inside the magnetosphere and the time scale of the plasmoid formation process is substantially larger than the planetary rotation period. In the presence of vortices, the Dungey and Vasyliunas cycles act differently. The Dungey flow does not penetrate the central region of the polar cap. Tail reconnection events are rare, thus leaving the plasma time enough to participate in the essentially 3-dimensional vortex-forming plasma motion. The above conditions are fulfilled for Saturn. We discovered vortex-like patterns in the plasma and magnetic field data measured by the Cassini spacecraft in the nightside magnetosphere of Saturn. The plasma whirling around in these vortices never reaches the dayside, instead, it performs a retrograde motion in the high latitude regions of the magnetotail. Low-energy plasma data suggest that the observed patterns correspond to the closed field line vortices., Comment: to be published in MNRAS

Published
2023
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7. GalR, GalX and AraR co‐regulate d‐galactose and l‐arabinose utilization in Aspergillus nidulans

Author

Meng, Jiali, Németh, Zoltán, Peng, Mao, Fekete, Erzsébet, Garrigues, Sandra, Lipzen, Anna, Ng, Vivian, Savage, Emily, Zhang, Yu, Grigoriev, Igor V, Mäkelä, Miia R, Karaffa, Levente, and de Vries, Ronald P

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences, Genetics, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Underpinning research, Arabinose, Aspergillus nidulans, Galactose, Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal, Polysaccharides, Transcription Factors, Microbiology, Industrial biotechnology
Abstract

Filamentous fungi produce a wide variety of enzymes in order to efficiently degrade plant cell wall polysaccharides. The production of these enzymes is controlled by transcriptional regulators, which also control the catabolic pathways that convert the released monosaccharides. Two transcriptional regulators, GalX and GalR, control d-galactose utilization in the model filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, while the arabinanolytic regulator AraR regulates l-arabinose catabolism. d-Galactose and l-arabinose are commonly found together in polysaccharides, such as arabinogalactan, xylan and rhamnogalacturonan I. Therefore, the catabolic pathways that convert d-galactose and l-arabinose are often also likely to be active simultaneously. In this study, we investigated the interaction between GalX, GalR and AraR in d-galactose and l-arabinose catabolism. For this, we generated single, double and triple mutants of the three regulators, and analysed their growth and enzyme and gene expression profiles. Our results clearly demonstrated that GalX, GalR and AraR co-regulate d-galactose catabolism in A. nidulans. GalX has a prominent role on the regulation of genes of d-galactose oxido-reductive pathway, while AraR can compensate for the absence of GalR and/or GalX.

Published
2022

11. Iron Oxide and Tungsten Trioxide Nanofluids to Enhance Automotive Cooling Radiators: Experimental Analysis

Author

Alktranee, Mohammed, Shehab, Mohammed A., Németh, Zoltán, Bencs, Péter, Chaari, Fakher, Series Editor, Gherardini, Francesco, Series Editor, Ivanov, Vitalii, Series Editor, Cavas-Martínez, Francisco, Editorial Board Member, di Mare, Francesca, Editorial Board Member, Haddar, Mohamed, Editorial Board Member, Kwon, Young W., Editorial Board Member, Trojanowska, Justyna, Editorial Board Member, Jármai, Károly, editor, and Cservenák, Ákos, editor

Published
2023
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20. Site-selective and real-time observation of bimolecular electron transfer during photocatalytic water splitting

Author

Britz, Alexander, Bokarev, Sergey I., Assefa, Tadesse A., Bajnóczi, Éva G., Németh, Zoltán, Vankó, György, Rockstroh, Nils, Junge, Henrik, Beller, Matthias, Doumy, Gilles, March, Anne Marie, Southworth, Stephen H., Lochbrunner, Stefan, Kühn, Oliver, Bressler, Christian, and Gawelda, Wojciech

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

Time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy has been utilized to monitor the bimolecular electron transfer in a photocatalytic water splitting system for the first time. This has been possible by uniting the local probe and element specific character of X-ray transitions with insights from high-level ab initio calculations. The specific target has been a heteroleptic [Ir$^{\rm III}$(ppy)$_2$(bpy)]$^+$ photosensitizer, in combination with triethylamine as a sacrificial reductant and Fe$_3$(CO)$_{12}$ as a water reduction catalyst. The relevant molecular transitions have been characterized via high-resolution Ir L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy on the picosecond time scale. The present findings enhance our understanding of functionally relevant bimolecular electron transfer reactions and thus will pave the road to rational optimization of photocatalytic performance., Comment: revised version

Published
2019

21. Origin of vibrational wavepacket dynamics in Fe carbene photosensitizer determined with femtosecond X-ray emission and scattering

Author

Kunnus, Kristjan, Vacher, Morgane, Harlang, Tobias C. B., Kjær, Kasper S., Haldrup, Kristoffer, Biasin, Elisa, van Driel, Tim B., Pápa, Mátyás, Chabera, Pavel, Liu, Yizhu, Tatsuno, Hideyuki, Timm, Cornelia, Källman, Erik, Delcey, Mickaël, Hartsock, Robert W., Reinhard, Marco E., Koroidov, Sergey, Laursen, Mads G., Hansen, Frederik B., Vester, Peter, Christensen, Morten, Sandberg, Lise, Németh, Zoltán, Szemes, Dorottya Sárosiné, Bajnóczi, Éva, Alonso-Mori, Roberto, Glownia, James M., Nelson, Silke, Sikorski, Marcin, Sokaras, Dimosthenis, Lemke, Henrik T., Canton, Sophie, Møller, Klaus B., Nielsen, Martin M., Vankó, György, Wärnmark, Kenneth, Sundström, Villy, Persson, Petter, Lundberg, Marcus, Uhlig, Jens, and Gaffney, Kelly J.

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

Disentangling the dynamics of electrons and nuclei during nonadiabatic molecular transformations remains a considerable experimental challenge. Here we have investigated photoinduced electron transfer dynamics following a metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) excitation of the [Fe(bmip)2]2+ photosensitizer, where bmip = 2,6-bis(3-methyl-imidazole-1- ylidine)-pyridine, with simultaneous femtosecond-resolution Fe K{\alpha} and K\b{eta} X-ray Emission Spectroscopy (XES) and Wide Angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS). This measurement clearly shows temporal oscillations in the XES and WAXS difference signals with the same 278 fs period oscillation. The oscillatory signal originates from an Fe-ligand stretching mode vibrational wavepacket on a triplet metal-centered (3MC) excited state surface. The vibrational wavepacket is created by 40% of the excited population that undergoes electron transfer from the non-equilibrium MLCT excited state to the 3MC excited state with a 110 fs time constant, while the other 60% relaxes to a 3MLCT excited state in parallel. The sensitivity of the K{\alpha} XES spectrum to molecular structure results from core-level vibronic coupling, due to a 0.7% average Fe-ligand bond length difference in the lowest energy geometry of the 1s and 2p core-ionized states. These results highlight the importance of vibronic effects in time-resolved XES experiments and demonstrate the role of metal-centered excited states in the electronic excited state relaxation dynamics of an Fe carbene photosensitizer.

Published
2019
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23. Suite for String Quartet

Author

Németh, Zoltán

Abstract

This music score was submitted for the Kaleidoscope 2020 Call for Scores, an open access collaboration with the UCLA Music Library.

Published
2020

31. A global study of hot flow anomalies using Cluster multi-spacecraft measurements

Author

Facsko, Gabor, Nemeth, Zoltan, Erdos, Geza, Kis, Arpad, and Dandouras, Iannis

Subjects
Physics - Space Physics
Abstract

Hot flow anomalies (HFAs) are studied using observations of the magnetometer and the plasma instrument aboard the four Cluster spacecraft. We study several specific features of tangential discontinuities on the basis of Cluster measurements from the time periods of February-April 2003, December 2005-April 2006 and January-April 2007, when the separation distance of spacecraft was large. The previously discovered condition (Facsko et al., 2008) for forming HFAs is confirmed, i.e. that the solar wind speed and fast magnetosonic Mach number values are higher than average. Furthermore, this constraint is independent of the Schwartz et al. (2000)s condition for HFA formation. The existence of this new condition is confirmed by simultaneous ACE magnetic field and solar wind plasma observations at the L1 point, at 1.4 million km distance from the Earth. The temperature, particle density and pressure parameters observed at the time of HFA formation are also studied and compared to average values of the solar wind plasma. The size of the region affected by the HFA was estimated by using two different methods. We found that the size is mainly influenced by the magnetic shear and the angle between the discontinuity normal and the Sun-Earth direction. The size grows with the shear and (up to a certain point) with the angle as well. After that point it starts decreasing. The results are compared with the outcome of recent hybrid simulations., Comment: 20 pages, 12 figure, published in 2009

Published
2018
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34. Biological Earth observation with animal sensors

Author

Åkesson, Susanne, Anisimov, Yury, Antonov, Aleksey, Arnold, Walter, Bairlein, Franz, Baltà, Oriol, Baum, Diane, Beck, Mario, Belonovich, Olga, Belyaev, Mikhail, Berger, Matthias, Berthold, Peter, Bittner, Steffen, Blake, Stephen, Block, Barbara, Bloche, Daniel, Boehning-Gaese, Katrin, Bohrer, Gil, Bojarinova, Julia, Bommas, Gerhard, Bourski, Oleg, Bragin, Albert, Bragin, Alexandr, Bristol, Rachel, Brlík, Vojtěch, Bulyuk, Victor, Cagnacci, Francesca, Carlson, Ben, Chapple, Taylor K., Chefira, Kalkidan F., Cheng, Yachang, Chernetsov, Nikita, Cierlik, Grzegorz, Christiansen, Simon S., Clarabuch, Oriol, Cochran, William, Cornelius, Jamie Margaret, Couzin, Iain, Crofoot, Margret C., Cruz, Sebastian, Davydov, Alexander, Davidson, Sarah, Dech, Stefan, Dechmann, Dina, Demidova, Ekaterina, Dettmann, Jan, Dittmar, Sven, Dorofeev, Dmitry, Drenckhahn, Detlev, Dubyanskiy, Vladimir, Egorov, Nikolay, Ehnbom, Sophie, Ellis-Soto, Diego, Ewald, Ralf, Feare, Chris, Fefelov, Igor, Fehérvári, Péter, Fiedler, Wolfgang, Flack, Andrea, Froböse, Magnus, Fufachev, Ivan, Futoran, Pavel, Gabyshev, Vyachaslav, Gagliardo, Anna, Garthe, Stefan, Gashkov, Sergey, Gibson, Luke, Goymann, Wolfgang, Gruppe, Gerd, Guglielmo, Chris, Hartl, Phil, Hedenström, Anders, Hegemann, Arne, Heine, Georg, Ruiz, Mäggi Hieber, Hofer, Heribert, Huber, Felix, Hurme, Edward, Iannarilli, Fabiola, Illa, Marc, Isaev, Arkadiy, Jakobsen, Bent, Jenni, Lukas, Jenni-Eiermann, Susi, Jesmer, Brett, Jiguet, Frédéric, Karimova, Tatiana, Kasdin, N. Jeremy, Kazansky, Fedor, Kirillin, Ruslan, Klinner, Thomas, Knopp, Andreas, Kölzsch, Andrea, Kondratyev, Alexander, Krondorf, Marco, Ktitorov, Pavel, Kulikova, Olga, Kumar, R. Suresh, Künzer, Claudia, Larionov, Anatoliy, Larose, Christine, Liechti, Felix, Linek, Nils, Lohr, Ashley, Lushchekina, Anna, Mansfield, Kate, Matantseva, Maria, Markovets, Mikhail, Marra, Peter, Masello, Juan F., Melzheimer, Jörg, Menz, Myles H.M., Menzie, Stephen, Meshcheryagina, Swetlana, Miquelle, Dale, Morozov, Vladimir, Mukhin, Andrey, Müller, Inge, Mueller, Thomas, Navedo, Juan G., Nathan, Ran, Nelson, Luke, Németh, Zoltán, Newman, Scott, Norris, Ryan, Nsengimana, Olivier, Okhlopkov, Innokentiy, Oleś, Wioleta, Oliver, Ruth, O’Mara, Teague, Palatitz, Peter, Partecke, Jesko, Pavlick, Ryan, Pedenko, Anastasia, Perry, Alys, Pham, Julie, Piechowski, Daniel, Pierce, Allison, Piersma, Theunis, Pitz, Wolfgang, Plettemeier, Dirk, Pokrovskaya, Irina, Pokrovskaya, Liya, Pokrovsky, Ivan, Pot, Morrison, Procházka, Petr, Quillfeldt, Petra, Rakhimberdiev, Eldar, Ramenofsky, Marilyn, Ranipeta, Ajay, Rapczyński, Jan, Remisiewicz, Magdalena, Rozhnov, Viatcheslav, Rienks, Froukje, Rozhnov, Vyacheslav, Rutz, Christian, Sakhvon, Vital, Sapir, Nir, Safi, Kamran, Schäuffelhut, Friedrich, Schimel, David, Schmidt, Andreas, Shamoun-Baranes, Judy, Sharikov, Alexander, Shearer, Laura, Shemyakin, Evgeny, Sherub, Sherub, Shipley, Ryan, Sica, Yanina, Smith, Thomas B., Simonov, Sergey, Snell, Katherine, Sokolov, Aleksandr, Sokolov, Vasiliy, Solomina, Olga, Soloviev, Mikhail, Spina, Fernando, Spoelstra, Kamiel, Storhas, Martin, Sviridova, Tatiana, Swenson, George, Jr, Taylor, Phil, Thorup, Kasper, Tsvey, Arseny, Tucker, Marlee, Tuppen, Sophie, Turner, Woody, Twizeyimana, Innocent, van der Jeugd, Henk, van Schalkwyk, Louis, van Toor, Mariëlle, Viljoen, Pauli, Visser, Marcel E., Volkmer, Tamara, Volkov, Andrei, Volkov, Sergey, Volkov, Oleg, von Rönn, Jan A.C., Vorneweg, Bernd, Wachter, Bettina, Waldenström, Jonas, Weber, Natalie, Wegmann, Martin, Wehr, Aloysius, Weinzierl, Rolf, Weppler, Johannes, Wilcove, David, Wild, Timm, Williams, Hannah J., Wilshire, John, Wingfield, John, Wunder, Michael, Yachmennikova, Anna, Yanco, Scott, Yohannes, Elisabeth, Zeller, Amelie, Ziegler, Christian, Zięcik, Anna, Zook, Cheryl, Jetz, Walter, Tertitski, Grigori, Kays, Roland, Mueller, Uschi, and Wikelski, Martin

Published
2022
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36. Correction to: European first-year university students accept evolution but lack substantial knowledge about it: a standardized European cross-country assessment

Author

Kuschmierz, Paul, Beniermann, Anna, Bergmann, Alexander, Pinxten, Rianne, Aivelo, Tuomas, Berniak-Woźny, Justyna, Bohlin, Gustav, Bugallo-Rodriguez, Anxela, Cardia, Pedro, Cavadas, Bento Filipe Barreiras Pinto, Cebesoy, Umran Betul, Cvetković, Dragana D., Demarsy, Emilie, Đorđević, Mirko S., Drobniak, Szymon M., Dubchak, Liudmyla, Dvořáková, Radka M., Fančovičová, Jana, Fortin, Corinne, Futo, Momir, Geamănă, Nicoleta Adriana, Gericke, Niklas, Grasso, Donato A., Korfiatis, Konstantinos, Lendvai, Ádám Z., Mavrikaki, Evangelia, Meneganzin, Andra, Mogias, Athanasios, Möller, Andrea, Mota, Paulo G., Naciri, Yamama, Németh, Zoltán, Ożańska-Ponikwia, Katarzyna, Paolucci, Silvia, Pap, Péter László, Petersson, Maria, Pietrzak, Barbara, Pievani, Telmo, Pobric, Alma, Porozovs, Juris, Realdon, Giulia, Sá-Pinto, Xana, Savković, Uroš B., Sicard, Mathieu, Sofonea, Mircea T., Sorgo, Andrej, Stermin, Alexandru N., Tăușan, Ioan, Torkar, Gregor, Türkmen, Lütfullah, Tutnjević, Slavica, Uitto, Anna E., Varga, Máté, Varga, Mirna, Vazquez-Ben, Lucia, Viguera, Enrique, Virtbauer, Lisa Christine, Vutsova, Albena, Yruela, Inmaculada, Zandveld, Jelle, and Graf, Dittmar

Published
2022
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41. Laboratory von H\'amos X-ray Spectroscopy for Routine Sample Characterization

Author

Németh, Zoltán, Szlachetko, Jakub, Bajnóczi, Éva G., and Vankó, György

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

High energy resolution, hard X-ray spectroscopies are powerful element selective probes of the electronic and local structure of matter, with diverse applications in chemistry, physics, biology and materials science. The routine application of these techniques is hindered by the complicated and slow access to synchrotron radiation facilities. Here we propose a new, economic, easily operated laboratory high resolution von H\'amos type X-ray spectrometer, which offers rapid transmission experiments for X-ray absorption, and is also capable of recording X-ray emission spectra. The use of a cylindrical analyzer crystal and a position sensitive detector enabled us to build a maintenance free, flexible setup with low operational costs, while delivering synchrotron grade signal to noise measurements in reasonable acquisition times. We demonstrate the proof of principle and give examples for both measurement types. Finally, tracking of a several day long chemical transformation, a case better suited for laboratory than synchrotron investigation, is also presented.

Published
2016
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42. Femtosecond X-Ray Scattering Study of Ultrafast Photoinduced Structural Dynamics in Solvated [Co(terpy)2]2+

Author

Biasin, Elisa, van Driel, Tim Brandt, Kjær, Kasper S., Dohn, Asmus O., Christensen, Morten, Harlang, Tobias, Chabera, Pavel, Liu, Yizhu, Uhlig, Jens, Pápai, Mátyás, Németh, Zoltán, Hartsock, Robert, Liang, Winnie, Zhang, Jianxin, Alonso-Mori, Roberto, Chollet, Matthieu, Glownia, James M., Nelson, Silke, Sokaras, Dimosthenis, Assefa, Tadesse A., Britz, Alexander, Galler, Andreas, Gawelda, Wojciech, Bressler, Christian, Gaffney, Kelly J., Lemke, Henrik T., Møller, Klaus B., Nielsen, Martin M., Sundström, Villy, Vankó, György, Wärnmark, Kenneth, Canton, Sophie E., and Haldrup, Kristoffer

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

We study the structural dynamics of photoexcited [Co(terpy)2]2+ in an aqueous solution with ultrafast x-ray diffuse scattering experiments conducted at the Linac Coherent Light Source. Through direct comparisons with density functional theory calculations, our analysis shows that the photoexcitation event leads to elongation of the Co-N bonds, followed by coherent Co-N bond length oscillations arising from the impulsive excitation of a vibrational mode dominated by the symmetrical stretch of all six Co-N bonds. This mode has a period of 0.33 ps and decays on a subpicosecond time scale. We find that the equilibrium bond-elongated structure of the high spin state is established on a single-picosecond time scale and that this state has a lifetime of ~ 7 ps.

Published
2016
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