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The ability to measure liver volume with a single device has emerged in medical practice. Images from CT & MRIare used to estimate the liver's total volume. After the liver and its peripherals are scanned using abdominal computed tomography, the PC-aided conclusion and remedial intervention may begin. This research presents a self-loader division technique based on the specific multivariable appropriation of Tissues in the Liver & sub-divisions of the graph cut. While it isn't wholly mechanized, the process negligibly includes human communications. Unequivocally, it comprises three primary stages. A subject-explicit probabilistic model, first and foremost, was worked from an inside fix encompassing a seed point determined by the client. Furthermore, a repeated task of pixel marks has been implemented to refresh the probabilistic guide of the tissues in light of spatial-logical data. The chart slice model was later upgraded to extricate the 3-dimensional Liver from the picture. In the post-handling, excessively fragmented nodal areas because of fluffy tissue division were eliminated, keeping up with their suitable life structures utilizing hearty bottleneck location with adjoining form imperatives. The proposed framework was carried out and approved on the MICCAI SLIVER07 dataset. Results were compared to cutting-edge techniques in light of critical clinical metrics. The visual and quantitative evaluations thus suggest that the proposed framework might function on the accuracy and dependability of asymptomatic liver division. Increasingly, the liver image division is being used for essential clinical objectives, such as liver evaluation, disease diagnosis, and therapy. Using GANs and veils local convolutional brain organizations, this study provides a liver picture division method (Mask R-CNN). We first looked at the combination of Mask R-CNN and GANs to improve pixel-wise characterization since that's how most incoming images contain uproarious parts. A GAN Mask R-CNN calculation was finally presented, and it outperformed the standard Mask R-CNN and Mask CNN calculations in terms of exhibition analysis. This includes measures for the Dice similitude coefficient (DSC) and MICCAI measurements. The proposed calculation additionally accomplished better execution analysis than ten advanced calculations concerning six Boolean markers.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) are major health concerns In India. Insulin resistance (IR) itself is a risk factor for CVD. Though it is associated to sympathetic activity this relation may get altered in presence of obesity. Therefore, in the present study we measured the link of IR, with their body mass index (BMI) and the corresponding degree of alteration in various autonomic function tests in T2D patients. It was an observational study conducted in a tertiary care hospital for a period of six months. Eighty-five T2D patients visiting medicine OPD were recruited out of which 17 were normal, 31 were overweight and 31 were obese as per WHO criteria of obesity. Their glucose, insulin, insulin resistance was analyzed in fasting blood samples. Conventional autonomic function tests such as isometric hand-grip test and deep breathing test was digitally recorded. Heart rate variability was recorded as LF: HF ratio. The Rate-pressure product (RPP), the marker of myocardial work stress was calculated from systolic blood pressure and basal heart rate. E: I ratio was calculated from RR interval from ECG tracing. Insulin resistance was positively associated with increased basal heart rate. It was linked to increase LF: HF ratio even after controlling for BMI. Regression analysis showed insulin resistance to be an independent factor for sympathovagal imbalance in T2D patients. The severity of insulin resistance independently predicts degree of deterioration in sympathovagal imbalance as measured in LF: HF ratio in our study which is independent of their degree of obesity.

Treatment for osteoporosis can have catastrophic side effects, including the uncommon fracture known as an atypical femur fracture (AFF), which is related to the long-term usage of antiresorptive agents. Bisphosphonate therapy may lead to significant and chronic suppression of bone turnover, impairing the bone's remodelling property and finally leading to incomplete or complete atypical femur fracture. AFF was defined by the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) Task Force in 2010 and is far less prevalent than proximal femur (hip) fracture, with an incidence of 2 to 78 per 100,000 patients per year following two to eight years of bisphosphonate therapy, respectively. Due to the rarity of the fracture, it is still not clear what the functional and radiological outcome will be after surgery.To identify the functional and radiological outcomes of surgical fixation of atypical femur fractures.The study was conducted in a tertiary healthcare centre after scientific and ethical clearance from the competent authority. Between January 2018 and December 2021, individuals who were diagnosed with an atypical subtrochanteric femoral fracture associated with the use of bisphosphonates and treated surgically were retrospectively evaluated. The study's inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to include 20 patients. The features of an atypical subtrochanteric fracture were congruent with the radiographic findings. Most of the patients were treated with internal fixation with intramedullary osteosynthesis in standard with or without plate osteosynthesis. They were then followed up for a year to look at the functional and radiological outcomes.All of the 20 patients who were included had an atypical subtrochanteric fracture, with 15 of them being female and 5 of them being male. The patients' mean age at surgery was 65.12 (range 49 to 82) years, and their average history of bisphosphonate use was 3 (range 2.5 to 5) years. All patients were treated surgically. We found that five months was the mean period for bone union (p = 0.990). Within six months, bone union was achieved in 11 patients (55 %) (p = 0.884). Five patients (about 25%) had implant failure and non-union, requiring two to three revision surgeries. At three, six, and nine months, the mean visual analogue score (VAS) was 4.14, 3.12, and 1.85, respectively. The modified Hip Harris Score had a mean of 72.66 and 15 patients (about 75% of them) could walk normally again after a fracture. The mean of the modified HHS was 72.66, and the VAS at three, six, and nine months was 4.14, 3.12, and 1.85, respectively.AFFs are rare fractures that must be treated effectively, and most of them require surgery. Successful treatment of AFF is possible by the use of intramedullary fixation, which enhances axial stability, serves as an internal splint, and lessens the likelihood of implant failure. A good functional and radiological prognosis can come from a stable fixation and a fracture that has been reduced anatomically.

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) differs in women and men with respect to risk factors, clinical presentation, complications and outcome. The major reason for the differences has been the effect of estrogen which protects women from coronary artery disease (CAD) till menopause. Women develop CAD one decade later than men. Hence, we compared the profile of ACS in postmenopausal women with age-matched men to see, does the difference still exist.Comparative prospective study of 50 postmenopausal women as study group and fifty age-matched men as a control group diagnosed with ACS, who were admitted in a medical college hospital from December 2013 to September 2015. Chi-square test and Student's t-test have been used to find the significant association of study parameters between women and men.Chest pain was the main complaint in the majority of the women (76%) and men (88%). Radiation of chest pain (60%) and sweating (72%) were significantly present in men compared to women (24% and 26%, respectively), whereas breathlessness was significantly present in women (40%) compared to men (16%). Women had later presentation to the hospital after symptom onset compared to men. Women had a higher respiratory rate (22.02 cycles/min) compared to men (20 cycles/min) and more crepitations compared to men. Men had more ventricular tachycardia (14%) and intracerebral hemorrhage (4%), whereas women had all other complications more than or same as men and higher in-hospital mortality (14%) compared to men (8%).Postmenopausal women with ACS had more atypical presentation of symptoms, later presentation to hospital, more tachypnea, more crepitations, more complications, and higher in-hospital mortality compared to men of the same age group. The difference in the profile of ACS continues to exist even after menopause and age matching.

Background The role of yoga in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is known. But its role in permanent AF has not been studied. Purpose The objectives of our study are to evaluate the effects of yoga on symptoms, heart rate, quality of life, hospitalisations, medication adherence and echocardiographic parameters in permanent AF. Methods We conducted a single centre, randomised, participant blinded, parallel group, sham-controlled study between October 2019 and September 2020. We included patients aged 18–65 years with permanent AF due to any cause. Patients in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class≥3, modified European Heart Rhythm Association (mEHRA) class ≥3 and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) Results The groups were well-matched at baseline. The mean age of study participants was 50.62±12.97 years, 56% were women and the most common risk factor was rheumatic heart disease found in 47.6% of the cases. Four patients in the yoga group and 3 in the sham group were lost to follow up. There was significant improvement in various parameters in the yoga arm at 1 and 3 months. (Figures 1 and 2). Hospitalisation at 3 months was lower in the yoga arm (0.73±0.81) versus sham arm (1.13±0.93); p=0.044. Out of 38 patients in the yoga arm, 6 patients had improvement in the medication adherence compared to 9 patients (out of 39) in the sham arm at 3 months, p=0.419, OR (95% CI) = 0.62 (0.19–1.96). Higher the compliance to yoga, defined by the number of sessions per week, more was the improvement in various parameters. No harms were noted. Conclusion Among patients of permanent AF already on medical therapy, yoga significantly improves symptoms, heart rate, functional capacity, quality of life and hospitalisations when compared to a sham procedure. Larger, multicentre, double blinded studies are required to generalise the results, though participant blinding cannot be 100% assured. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

The electrical properties have been investigated for Ni/Ta2O5/p-Si Metal/insulator/semiconductor SBD in the temperature regime 175–400 K. The electrical parameters were analyzed using current-voltage characteristics as a function of operating temperature. It is observed that the Schottky barrier height increased whereas ideality factor and series resistance decreased with increasing the operating temperature. The characteristic temperature (To) value calculated from Norde and Cheung methods was compared. This analysis showed that To value extracted from both the techniques are in close agreement with each other. Experimental results revealed that the thermal coefficient was −4.5 mV/K. The Gaussian distribution of the barrier height was estimated from the plot of zero-bias barrier height (Φbo) versus 1/2kT plot and the estimated value of (Φbo) of 0.92 eV and 0.79 eV with standard deviation (σ0) of 0.023 V and 0.014 V, respectively. The mean BH and the Richardson constant values were determined using ln (Io/T2)-q2 $$ {\sigma}_0^2 $$ /2(kT)2 versus 1000/T plot and were 0.89 eV and 0.76 eV and 30.03 and 26.85 A/cm−2 K−2, respectively. In addition to the thermionic emission process, two more conduction mechanisms such as Poole-Frenkel emission in the temperature regime 175–275 K and Schottky emission dominant beyond 300 K temperature were noticed.

Hilsa shad (Tenualosa ilisha) belonging to the family Clupeidae is a diadromous migratory fish species. It is an important fish in the countries bordering to the Bay of Bengal. Bangladesh harvest about 60% of world hilsa catch. Hilsa contributed12.9% of the country’s total fish production in 2017-2018 with an estimated annual production of 517,198 tons, which was 1.0% to the GDP to support livelihoods of 1.2 million hilsa fishers of Bangladesh. In spite of the importance, there was an alarming situation in hilsa production, where over fishing of hilsa with a result of decline in inland production were observed. In the present study age and growth parameters L=57.7 cm total length and growth rate K=0.90 per year were calculated using VBGF growth function. Population parameters Z=4.90 were calculated using length converted catch curve, M (at water temperature 27°C) =1.45 using Pauly’s formula, F=1.09 and E=70 were estimated. Results indicates both recruitment overfishing and growth over fishing occur through indiscriminate fishing of juvenile hilsa (Jatka) as wel as brood hilsa(mother). Fishing effort has to be reduced at any cost and the affected fishers should be rehabilitated in a proper manner for obtaining the sustainable production of hilsa resources. Bangladesh J. Zool. 47(1): 173-183, 2019

In this manuscript, we reported the electrical characteristics and structural analysis of In/Fe3O4/SiO2/n-Si/In MIS-type SBD heterostructure comprehensively in the temperature range 10–300 K using I–V, XRD, TEM and AFM measurements. Pulsed laser deposition in association with DC magnetron sputtering techniques has been utilized to fabricate the proposed In/Fe3O4/SiO2/n-Si/In heterojunction. The fabricated heterojunction revealed that the I–V curves are non-linear and asymmetric in nature. Using these I–V curves in the forward-bias region, SBH is calculated as 0.02 eV at 10 K and 0.74 eV at 300 K. On the other hand, the ideality factor (n) value was calculated as 7.55 at 10 K and 1.37 at 300 K. The series resistance (RS) values were also evaluated using Chenug’s method and the values were 1121 Ω at 10 K and 334 Ω at 300 K. The dependence of important diode parameters such as SBH, ‘n’ and ‘RS’ on measurement temperature was effectively explained firstly on account of triple Gaussian distribution of barrier heights with the help of barrier inhomogeneities of the prepared heterojunction. The value of the Richardson’s constant calculated for the fabricated In/Fe3O4/SiO2/n-Si/In heterojunction in the 110–300 K temperature regime was calculated to be 115.26 A/cm2K2 and is approximately equal to the theoretical value of 120 A/cm2K2 for n-type Si. In addition, the higher value (greater than one) of ideality factor at all operating temperatures from 10–300 K demonstrated that the probable current transport across the Fe3O4/SiO2/n-Si junction is not only due to the thermionic emission (TE) mechanism. Hence, to reveal the origin of current transport mechanism i.e., other than TE, we noticed that the governing current transport process through the fabricated hetrojunction is mainly due to the tunneling assisted Poole–Frenkel class of emission across the Fe3O4/SiO2/n-Si junction which is found to be temperature-dependent.

ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized using solution combustion technique and its antioxidant, antifungal, anticancer activity was studied. Ricinus communis plant seed extract used as fuel in synthesis by the solution combustion technique. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) demonstrates the arrangement of a crystalline hexagonal stage (ICDD card number 89–1397) with space aggregate P63mc (186) and cell parameters a = b = 3.253, c = 5.213 A. The normal crystallite measure is 20 nm which is ascertained by Debye - Scherer's formula. The Purity of the sample and metal to oxygen bond development was affirmed by utilizing Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the particle size and shape was confirmed by HRTEM. Antifungal action of ZnO NPs was studied against Aspergillus and Penicillium by well dispersion strategy. The antifungal activity shows that ZnO NPs constitute as an effective fungicidal agent against both Aspergillus (4 ± 0.5 mm) and Penicillium (3 mm ± 0.4 mm) at 30 μg/mL fixation. ZnO nanoparticles were subjected to antioxidant activity. The objective of the study was to analyze the anticancer property of ZnO NPs on MDA-MB 231 cancer cells. To check the efficacy of the synthesized drug ZnO NPs MTT assay was performed, that determines % viability and/or cytotoxicity. IC50 of ZnO NPs in case of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer was 7.103 μg/mL. Anticancer outcome demonstrates that ZnO NPs is active against in MDA-MB-231 cells.

The coronary angiographic (CAG) findings of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) range from increased coronary artery thrombus burden to normal coronaries due to STEMI mimics. Here we report the case of a 45-year-old gentleman who presented with evolved inferior wall myocardial infarction with ongoing angina along with mild COVID-19. CAG showed normal epicardial coronaries except for distal right posterior descending coronary artery (RPDA) 100% occlusion on careful examination. He was treated for the myocardial infarction with medical management along with treatment of COVID-19. The importance of our case is to highlight the possibility of distal total occlusion of small coronary branches which may be missed if not carefully looked for as a normal CAG in COVID-19 patient will require only supportive therapy, while the finding of distal 100% occlusion of RPDA deemed us to prescribe optimal medical therapy as per acute myocardial infarction protocol along with treatment for COVID-19.

In this paper we reported a facile, novel and low temperature method for the synthesis of Ag Nano powder. The Catharanthus roseus plant leaf extract was used as bio fuel and Ag(NO3)2.6H2O used as oxidizer at low temperature 400 ±10 °C. Various analytical methods were used to characterize the powder such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transformer infers red spectroscopy (FTIR). The phase formation studies were evaluated using PXRD graph and all the diffraction peaks are well matched with cubic structure of Silver NPS Card No. JCPDS 65-2871.The average crystallite size estimated from the Debye-Scherer equation is found to be 28 nm. SEM micrographs show the formation porous and agglomerated ZnO Nano powder. The FTIR spectrum confirms the M-O bond formation and purity of the product. An eco-friendly and simple method of solution combustion method by using bio-fuel synthesis of Silver nanoparticles is suggested so forth to apply for numerous applications like photocatalytic activities, biological activities and catalytic activities can be studied here The IC50 were found to be 183.53µg and 2.12 mg for DPPH and FRAP respectively. The anti-fungal activity ZnO NPs shows the maximum zone of inhibition against A. Niger (5 ± 0.5 mm) and P. aeruginosa (4± 0.4mm) at 30µg concentration.

In this study, we investigated the structural and electrical properties of TiO 2 /Ta 2 O 5 stacks prepared using DC reactive magnetron co-sputtering for as-deposited films and films annealed at 700 °C. X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the as-deposited films were amorphous, whereas those annealed at 700 °C were polycrystalline with mixed phases of TiO 2 and β-phase Ta 2 O 5 . The presence of mixed phases of TiO 2 and β-phase Ta 2 O 5 was also confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The optical band gap of the TiO 2 films was 3.46 eV for the as-deposited films and decreased to 3.35 eV with increasing Ta 2 O 5 layer thickness on TiO 2 . The films annealed at 700 °C showed a decrease in band gap to 3.32 eV for TiO 2 , and this value further decreased to 3.15 eV with increasing Ta 2 O 5 layer thickness on TiO 2 . Furthermore, we investigated the electrical properties of the sputtered TiO 2 /Ta 2 O 5 stacks fabricated on a metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) Al/Ta 2 O 5 /TiO 2 /p-Si Schottky diode. We studied the variation of the fundamental Schottky barrier characteristics (ideality factor, Schottky barrier, and series resistance) for a diode prepared using reactive magnetron sputtering with TiO 2 /Ta 2 O 5 as a thin insulating layer at the Al/p-type Si interface with different thicknesses at both room temperature and 700 °C. Improved electrical characteristics were observed for the annealed Al/Ta 2 O 5 /TiO 2 /p-Si MIS Schottky structure compared with those of the as-deposited structure.