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This article presents a comparative analysis of a practical lesson on «Physical bases of ultrasound in medicine» for students of the first year of studying in the fields of «Medicine», «Dentistry», «Pharmacy» in the study of «Medical and Biological Physics» and «Biological physics with physical methods of analysis», which are fundamental disciplines of the complex of training. Ultrasound methods of research and treatment are used in various areas of medicine, dentisty and pharmacy to solve a wide range of problems. Based on the content of the discipline and determining professional needs, the lesson structure provides an invariant component that forms the general competence (basic definitions, patterns, principles, basic knowledge and skills) and a variable component that is important for the formation of professional competence. The article considers the accents and features of teaching the topic, which aim to improve the scientific-theoretical and practical training of specialists in the above fields. The role of fundamental natural knowledge is invaluable for students of the above specialties, because in combination with professional training, which will only enhance interdisciplinarity, contributes to the future professional mobility of the applicant, which is important for a competitive specialist. The formation of professional competencies is an integral part of the training of a modern, mobile, and capable for continuous self-education and self-analysis specialist. Nowadays, for the formation of professional skills and abilities, one of the main goals is to create conditions for the formation of human qualities, abilities for self-development of self-education, self-improvement both professionally and in terms of creative abilities, ability to update their knowledge, i.e. to prepare future professionals who can compete in the labor market by creating appropriate competencies during the years of training. The ability of future professionals to carry out professional development directly depends on the quality of learning a diverse system of knowledge of natural sciences and mathematics during training, because it is the foundation of professional competence and future competitiveness in today's labor market, which meets today's requirements.

This article presents a case study on the development of physician competencies in the use of ultrasound (US) in medicine and which is used in the practical lesson of the discipline of natural cycle "Medical and Biological Physics" for students of the first year of training in "Medicine". The case method is valuable because at the same time a specific practical situation is considered and the process of realization of specific knowledge takes place. Medical cases, in contrast to economic, pedagogical, and others, are purposefully applied and contribute to the formation of professional competencies by analyzing a specific situation. This method stimulates active activity of students, increases motivation to study, development of independent thinking, ability to listen to opinion of others (i.e. stimulates team activity), to react quickly to the decision of the concrete task, reduces quantity of students not involved in discussion of a subject of concrete employment, creative approach to solve problems, readiness to act in non-standard conditions, which is one of the important components of the future profession. It is important for medical students to learn to think outside the box, to act, to skillfully operate with the acquired knowledge. The cases were practically tested and received positive feedback from students. Students are confident that they have experienced a decision-making model that they can use in real life that the knowledge gained will allow them to navigate more quickly in clinical cases that will be considered in the future. In our opinion, this is the subject of further scientific research, to consider a possible clinical case in the study of clinical disciplines in senior courses, medical student approaches having mastered a sufficient level of professional competencies in the study of fundamental disciplines, which includes "Medical and Biological Physics". Given the results of observations and analysis of student performance using cases, their application is a promising area for improving and enhancing the effectiveness of teaching medical students by immersing students in the realities of the future profession.

Досліджено окремі біотехнологічні характеристики промислових дитячих йогуртів. Об’єкти досліджень вибирали незалежним маркетинговим опитуванням. Визначено органолептичні характеристики отриманих ферментованих напоїв. У цих продуктах визначали зброджувальну активність, вміст крохмалю, кількісний та якісний склад мікрофлори. Запропоновано новий метод визначення наявності консервантів у молочнокислих напоях. Опрацьовано додаткові методи контролю, які можна застосовувати у біотехнології молочнокислих продуктів. The research of some biotechnological characteristics of industrial children's yoghurts were conducted. Objects of research were selected through an independent marketing survey. The organoleptic characteristics of the obtained fermented beverages are determined. In these products, the farmantativ activity, the content of starch, the quantitative and qualitative composition of the microflora were determined. A new method for determining the availability of preservatives in lactic acid drinks is proposed. An additional control methods that can be applied in biotechnology of lactic acid products were worked.

Based on the ‘European Mires Book’ of the International Mire Conservation Group (IMCG), this article provides a composite map of national datasets as the first comprehensive peatland map for the whole of Europe. We also present estimates of the extent of peatlands and mires in each European country individually and for the entire continent. A minimum peat thickness criterion has not been strictly applied, to allow for (often historically determined) country-specific definitions. Our ‘peatland’ concept includes all ‘mires’, which are peatlands where peat is being formed. The map was constructed by merging national datasets in GIS while maintaining the mapping scales of the original input data. This ‘bottom-up’ approach indicates that the overall area of peatland in Europe is 593,727 km². Mires were found to cover more than 320,000 km² (around 54 % of the total peatland area). If shallow-peat lands (< 30 cm peat) in European Russia are also taken into account, the total peatland area in Europe is more than 1,000,000 km2 , which is almost 10 % of the total surface area. Composite inventories of national peatland information, as presented here for Europe, may serve to identify gaps and priority areas for field survey, and help to cross-check and calibrate remote sensing based mapping approaches. SI

The paper provides a review of main results of the investigation of blood microcirculation conducted in accordance with the last decade’s scheduled research studies concerning biophysical mechanisms of blood microcirculation from point of view of its electromagnetic properties. The authors provide argumentation for development of principally new physical analyses of blood with the stress on its flow properties. Their approach is based on reproduction of in vivo conditions with recording of the change of electrical and magnetic properties of blood formed elements, their fluctuations under conditions of hormone control and free blood microcirculation., В статье приведен обзор основних исследований микроциркуляции крови, выполненных по плановым НИР кафедры, где представлены биофизические механизмы этого процесса, основанны на свойствах электромагнетизма крови. Авторы аргументировали разработку ряда принципиально новых физических анализов крови реологическогосмысла, основанные на копировании условий in vivo при регистрации динамики электрических и магнитных свойств составляющих крови, флуктуациях, находящихся под гормональным контролем и осуществляющих функции микроциркуляции., У статті проводиться огляд основних досліджень мікроциркуляції крові, виконаних за плановими НДР кафедри останнього десятиріччя, що висвітлюють біофізичні механізми цього процесу з позицій електромагнетизму крові. Автори обґрунтовують розробку ряду принципово нових фізичних аналізів крові реологічного змісту, що характеризуються копіюванням умов in vivo за реєстрації динаміки електричних та магнітних властивостей складових крові, флуктуаціях, що знаходяться під гормональним контролем і здійснюють функції мікроциркуляції.

In this review we consider the possibility of optical spectroscopy techniques, namely: optical tomography, optical coherent tomography, polarization-sensitive optical coherent tomography, Raman spectroscopy and photoacoustic tomography. The physical basis of optical diagnostic techniques is the interaction of light with matter, allowing of obtaining structural, biochemical, morphological and physiological information as a result of absorption, scattering, reflection of electromagnetic radiation in the optical range. The advantages of these methods, such as non-invasiveness, absence of side effects, contactlessness, high sensitivity, and high resolution are keys to their success in medical diagnostics., В данном обзоре рассмотрены возможности методов оптической спектроскопии, а именно: оптической томографии, оптической когерентной томографии, поляризационно чувствительной оптической когерентной томографии, Рамановской спектроскопии и фотоакустической томографии. Физической основой оптических диагностических методов является взаимодействие света с веществом, на основе чего стало возможным получать структурную, биохимическую, морфологическую и физиологическую информацию как результат поглощения, рассеяния, отражения электромагнитного излучения оптического диапазона. Преимущества этих методов (неинвазивность, отсутствие побочных эффектов, бесконтактность, высокие чувствительность и разрешение) стали залогом их успеха в медицинской диагностике., У даному огляді розглянуто можливості окремих методів оптичної спектроскопії, а саме: оптичної томографії, оптичної когерентної томографії, поляризаційно чутливої оптичної когерентної томографії, Раманівської спектроскопії та фотоакустичної томографії. Фізичною основою оптичних діагностичних методів є взаємодія світла з речовиною, на основі чого стало можливим отримувати структурну, біохімічну, морфологічну та фізіологічну інформацію як результат поглинання, розсіювання, відбивання електромагнітного випромінювання оптичного діапазону. Переваги цих методів (безконтактність, висока чутливість та роздільна здатність, неінвазивність, відсутність побічних ефектів) стали запорукою їх успіху в медичній діагностиці.

A relationship between the development of information technologies and practical medecine is shown., Показано взаимосвязь между развитием информационных технологий и практической медициной., Показано взаємозв’язок між розвитком інформаційних технологій та практичною медициною і медичною наукою.