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Diderma is one of the most abundant species in Myxomycetes. Based on the study of morphology and phylogeny, two new species—Diderma liaoningensis (is characterized by grouped sporocarps, the sporocyst with dehiscence lines, capillitium with large brown swelling, spore encircled by a pale line) and Diderma verrucocapillitia (is characterized by depressed plasmodiocarps, verrucose capillitium, red-brown spores)—collected from Liaoning province and Jilin province were introduced. Detailed descriptions and illustrations are presented as well as comparisons to similar species. Phylogenetic analyses were carried out using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference based on small subunit ribosomal RNA sequences (SSU rRNA) of Diderma and related genera. These analyses confirmed the placement of two new species in the genus Diderma. A key to 19 species of Diderma from China is also provided. Holotype specimens have been housed in the Herbarium of the Mycological Institute of Jilin Agricultural University (HMJAU), Changchun, China.

Light and scanning electron microscopy were applied to re-assess diagnostic characters of type specimens and critical specimens of twelve species in the order Trichiales (Myxomycetes) from the collections of the Natural History Museum in London (BM). The results were used to discuss published data and the type status for specimens of Arcyria imperialis, Hemitrichia chrysospora, H. intorta, H. karstenii, H. leiotricha, Perichaena cornuvioides, Prototrichia metallica, Trichia affinis, T. intermedia, T. munda and T. scabra. We conclude that Hemitrichia karstenii and Trichia contorta are autonomous species, and we confirm the synonymy of Trichia intermedia with Trichia contorta. The transfer of Perichaena cornuvioides to the genera Trichia or Hemitrichia is rejected.

Key to the species of the genus Stemonitis 1. Columella ending with expansions....................................................................................................................................................2 - Columella ending without expansions...............................................................................................................................................6 2. Spores reticulate............................................................................................................................................... S. amphorocolumella - Spores not reticulate..........................................................................................................................................................................3 3. Columella ending with membranous cup-like expansions........................................................................................... S. flavogenita - Columella ending with widened expansion at the apex....................................................................................................................4 4. Capillitium without free ends.................................................................................................................................... S. sichuanensis - Capillitium with free ends.................................................................................................................................................................5 5. Spores 9–11 µm diam., spinulose......................................................................................................................... S. capillitionodosa - Spores, 7–8 µm diam., large warts and small warts......................................................................................... S. pseudoflavogenita 6. Spores reticulate................................................................................................................................................................................7 - Spores not reticulate........................................................................................................................................................................11 7. Reticulum with large or medium meshes on spores..........................................................................................................................8 - Reticulum with small meshes on spores............................................................................................................................................9 8. Reticulum black, with 2–4 meshes across the spore. Spores dark brown in mass, red-brown in transmitted light, 8–9 µm diam......................................................................................................................................................................................... S. inconspicua - Reticulum with 6 meshes across the spore. Spores bright lilac-brown in mass, pale lilac-brown, light reddish or pinkish brown in transmitted light, 6–8 µm diam................................................................................................................................... S. virginiensis 9. Reticulum with 8–11 meshes across the spore. Spores reddish-brown to dark brown in mass, brownish-grey in transmitted light, 8–9 µm diam..................................................................................................................................................................... S. marjana - Reticulum with 6–9 meshes across the spore..................................................................................................................................10 10. Spores gray-purple, brown-purple in mass, purple-brown in transmitted light, 7–9 µm diam., sporocarps 6–20 mm total height................................................................................................................................................................................................... S. fusca - Spores dark brown in mass, purple gray in transmitted light, 8–9 µm diam., sporocarps 3 mm total height.................. S. foliicola 11. Spores in clusters................................................................................................................................................................ S. uvifera - Spores free.......................................................................................................................................................................................12 12. Sporocarps large or medium 7–20 µm............................................................................................................................................13 - Sporocarps small up to 5 (7) µm.....................................................................................................................................................16 13. Sporocarps light brown, spores 5.0–7.5 µm diam., with very fine pale warts seen by oil-immersion.............................. S. axifera - Sporocarps dark brown to black......................................................................................................................................................14 14. Capillitium without internal net, surface net with large meshes 60–275 µm diam.................................................... S. rhizoideipes - Capillitium with internal and surface net........................................................................................................................................15 15. Surface net irregular, many expansions in the axils of the surface net capillitium............................................................... S. plana - Surface net without many expansions in the axils of the surface net capillitium........................................................... S. splendens 16. Sporocarps light brown....................................................................................................................................................................17 - Sporocarps dark brown to black......................................................................................................................................................19 17. Stalk long, 1/3–1/2 of the total height................................................................................................................................ S. pallida - Stalk short, 1/5 of the total height....................................................................................................................................................18 18. Sporocarps gregariously tufted on a common hypothallus. Hypothallus a rather thick, dark red brown membrane, darker at the stalk bases.......................................................................................................................................................................... S. graciliformis - Sporocarps in groups. Hypothallus membranous, inconspicuous.................................................................................. S. herbatica 19. Spores small, up to 7 µm diam......................................................................................................................................... S. farrensis - Spores large 8.5–12.5 µm diam.......................................................................................................................................................20 20. Spore-mass black. Spores with long warts, up to 0.8 µm....................................................................................... S. mussooriensis - Spore-mass pale brown. Spores with short warts............................................................................................................................21 21. Capillitium smooth, not bearing spines internal. Internal net with 3–4 meshes across the radius..................... S. mediterraneensis - Capillitium lax, with short thick, protrusions on the outside, rather wide, flat to rounded, all the axils rounded and with membranous expansions. Internal net with 1–2 meshes across the radius............................................................................................... S. laxifila

A new Stemonitis species from Northern Asia is described and illustrated. The species was found in the Altai Territory, Russia. This new species clearly differs from previously known species by several morphological characters. The new species and four other species of the Stemonitis genus have the thickening and widening of the column apex—Stemonitis capillitionodosa, S. flavogenita, S. pseudoflavogenita, S. sichuanensis, which makes them a separate morphological group in the Stemonitis genus. However, four of the above listed species have warted and spinulose spore ornamentations, whereas the new species spore ornamentations are reticulate. The peridium of the new species is partially preserved in the form of a filmy collar at the base of the sporotheca, whereas the peridium of Stemonitis capillationodosa, S. flavogenita, S. pseudoflavogenita and S. sichuanensis is always fugacious. Scanning electron microfotographs of a new species of the Stemonitis genus and an updated original identification key for species of this genus around the world, which currently includes 23 taxa, are presented.

Stemonitis amphorocolumella A. Vlasenko, G. Moreno & V. Vlasenko sp. nov. Figs. 1, 2. Mycobank: MB 829603 Description and Diagnosis: —Sporocarps in groups, dark brown, cylindrical, with total height of 6 – 9 mm. Hypothallus is dark brown, shiny, continuous under the colony. Sporotheca is long-cylindrical. The stalk is short, 25 – 40% of the total height, hollow, shiny, dark brown, almost black, reddish brown, in transmitted light orange. Peridium is not completely destroyed, remains in the form of a membranous collar at the base of sporotheca. Columella is cylindrical, similar in color to the stalk, with a bulge of amphora-like or bottle-like shape on top ends, up to 60 µm in diameter in the widest part. Capillitium is well developed, filaments extending from the column, are winding, dark brown, shiny and form a large-mesh network of different diameters (25–200 µm), well noticeable thickenings and/or membranous extensions are found in places of branching. The surface net consists of lighter, sometimes almost hyaline, threads, forming small meshes of 5 – 50 µm in diameter, with separate free endings in the form of spinules up to 12 µm in length. Spores are free, brown in mass, grayish brown in transmitted light, globose, with reticulate ornamentation, 9 – 11 µm in diameter, with 11 – 14 small meshes of reticulum on the visible side of the spore. Etymology: —Has a columella with an amphora-like extension. Type: — RUSSIA. Altai Territory, Aleysky district, 5 kilomerts northeast of the village Borovskoye, Lake Bakhmatovskoye, birch forest with Populus tremula, Padus avium, Caragana arborescens, on dead wood of Betula pendula, 52.689067° N, 82.249050° E, 235 m, substrate samples collected 24 August 2018, V.A. Vlasenko (holotype NSK 1026087). Additional specimens examined: — RUSSIA. Altai Territory, Aleysky district, 5 kilomerts northeast of the village Borovskoye, Lake Bakhmatovskoye, dry birch forest, on stump of Betula pendula, 52.687383° N, 82.245250° E, 233 m, substrate samples collected 24 August 2018, V. A . Vlasenko (paratype NSK 1026086, isoparatype AH 49360). Ecology: —Dead wood of deciduous trees. Distribution: —Currently known only from locality of this types: North Asia, southeast of Western Siberia. GenBank accession numbers: —SSU: OP831185. Comments: —The new species belongs to Stemonitis and differs from the Comatricha Preuss and Stemonaria Nann. -Bremek., R. Sharma & Y. Yamam. has in the double net of capillitium, forming a very lax internal net and a delicate complete surface net as well as a hollow, horny or fibrous stalk, consisting of faint closely set, longitudinal fibres. Among representatives of the Stemonitis genus, only four species have bulbous or membranous apex of the columella— Stemonitis capillitionodosa G. Moreno, D.W. Mitch., C. Rojas & S.L. Stephenson (Moreno et al. 2010), Stemonitis flavogenita E. Jahn (Janh 1904), Stemonitis pseudoflavogenita A. Vlasenko & Novozh. (Vlasenko et al. 2020) and Stemonitis sichuanensis B. Zhang & Yu Li (Zhang & Li 2016). Stemonitis amphorocolumella differs from similar species by several morphological features (Tab. 1). In these species, spores have ornamentation, consisting of spines and warts, while Stemonitis amphorocolumella has reticulate ornamented spores. The peridium of Stemonitis amphorocolumella is partially preserved in the form of a filmy collar at the base of sporotheca, whereas the peridium of S. capillitionodosa, S. flavogenita, S. pseudoflavogenita and S. sichuanensis is always fugacious. Stemonitis amphorocolumella differs from S. capillitionodosa by a well-developed small-mesh delicate complete surface net of capillitium, as well as thickenings in the places of branching of capillary filaments, but not membranous extensions. Stemonitis amphorocolumella differs from S. flavogenit a by the structure and form of the end of columella. The columella of Stemonitis flavogenit a ends with a large filmy extension, while the columella of S. amphorocolumella has a thickened non-filmy ending in the shape of an amphora or bottle. Stemonitis amphorocolumella differs from S. sichuanensis by significantly larger spores, up to 11 μm in diameter, and the presence of spinous free endings on filaments of the capillitium. Stemonitis amphorocolumella differs from S. pseudoflavogenita first of all spores with reticulate ornamentation and also structure and form of the end of columella. Columella of Stemonitis pseudoflavogenita always ending in a funnel-shaped expansion at the apex of the sporotheca in Table 2. The ML analysis based on the 18S nrDNA region showed that the new species is closest to Stemonitis fusca. The genetic distance of the “ Stemonitis amphorocolumella ” branch on the SSU tree is 0.166, with 94% bootstrap support (Fig. 3). The genetic distance of the “ Stemonitis fusca ” branch on the SSU tree is 0.276. Comparison of the sequences of Stemonitis amphoracolumella (OP 831185) and S. fusca (KP323386) aligned using the MAFFT for a common fragment of 797 base pairs showed their significant difference, including 183 nucleotide substitutions and 10 deletions and/or insertions). Thus, the conducted comparative morphological and phylogenetic analysis proves the species independence of Stemonitis amphorocolumella., Published as part of Vlasenko, Anastasia V., Moreno, Gabriel H. & Vlasenko, Vyacheslav A., 2023, Stemonitis amphorocolumella (Stemonitidaceae, Myxomycetes), a new species from Western Siberia, pp. 59-67 in Phytotaxa 592 (1) on pages 61-65, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.592.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/7835677, {"references":["Moreno, G., Mitchell, D. W., Rojas, C. & Stephenson, S. L. (2010) A new species of Stemonitis (Myxomycetes) from Costa Rica. Boletin de la Sociedad Micologica de Madrid 34: 199 - 203.","Vlasenko, A. V., Novozhilov, Yu. K., Prikhodko, I. S., Botyakov, V. N. & Vlasenko, V. A. (2020) A new species of Stemonitis pseudoflavogenita from Russia, and the first record of Stemonitis capillitionodosa in Eurasia. Phytotaxa 447 (2): 137 - 145. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 447.2.6","Zhang, B. & Li, Y. (2016) A new species, Stemonitis sichuanensis, and a newly recorded species, Stemonitis marjana (Myxogastria) from China. Phytotaxa 258 (2): 195 - 199. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 258.2.10"]}

Fruiting bodies of a grey-coloured Cribraria were found in moist chambers on dead wood of Salix from a wetland ecosystem in Kazan (Tatarstan, Russia). Morphological analysis showed that the species, described as Cribraria gothica, probably belongs to a group with C. tenella and C. languescens, but differs in many respects. Most vivid factors are plumbeous colour of sporocysts, small grey spores and creamy-coloured top of stalk. The comparative characteristic and a key to these related species are given.

Key to species inside group V of Cribraria, based on key of Poulain et al. (2011) Group V— Sporocysts yellow, orange-yellow, ochraceous brown, reddish brown, violaceous brown, almost black, grey, lead. Net well developed, the nodes thickened, irregular, more or less symmetrical, fusiform, rounded or angled. Cap with minute transverse wrinkles, with rows of granules longitudionally arranged. Granules small, 1–2 µm. Stalk long (6 times or more longer than sporocyst). 1. Sporocysts with reddish, coppery, purple or grey shades..............................................................................................2 1. Sporocysts ochraceous, ochraceous brown or olivaceous, 0.3–0.5 mm in diameter. Stalk to 8 times longer. Nodes numerous, rounded, pulvinate, with 0–2 free ends. Spores 5–7 µm, very minutely warted........................... C. tenella 2. Sporocysts coppery hazel brown to dark purplish brown, 0.2–0.4 mm in diameter. Stalk to 10 times longer. Nodes numerous, small, thickened, rather flat and angular. Spores 6–7.5 µm, minutely warted without inclusions................................................................................................................................................................................. C. languescens 2. Sporocysts grey, plumbeous coloured, 0.3–0.35 mm in diameter. Stalk 8–8.5 times longer. Nodes thickened, checkmate-symmetrical, sharp-angled rhomboids or triangles, to 4 time longer than threads. Spores (4.5–)5–5.3(–5.7) µm, with dense small warts............................................................................................................................ C. gothica

Cribraria gothica Sadykov, sp. nov. MycoBank: MB 847868 Etymology:— as a cultural and architectural style, that excludes bright colours and asymmetric shapes. Holotype:— The west of republican protected natural area “Russian-German Switzerland ”, on bank of Kazanka river, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, 55.802587°N, 49.157835°E. On sample of dead wood of Salix sp., appeared on 220 th day, substrate collected 11 Oct. 2021 by Ruslan Sadykov (RS900130). Stalks long, fibrous, about 2.5 mm high, 30–40 µm wide (Fig. 2A). Mostly dark grey, black to middle, creamy or light ochre about 100 µm from the sporocyst (Fig. 2B–D). Sporocysts spherical or ellipsoidal, approximately 300 µm in height, 350 µm in diameter and 1100 µm circumference (Fig. 2B–E). Peridium calycle monotone, glossy, plumbeous coloured, with barely visible parallel stripes, composed by granular material intertwined with the finest threads (Fig. 2I). Edge flat, highlighted with a clear shaded ring, smooth transition to peridial net absent (Fig. 2E, I). Peridium net well developed, checkmate-symmetrical (Fig. 2E). Net nodes thickened, composed of small granular material (to 1 µm for granule), colour is analogical to calycle, as sharp-angled triangles and rhomboids (Fig. 2H), that takes about 30% of net. Net threads thin, barely noticeable (Fig. 2H). Medium ratio of net nodes length to net threads length is 1:0.25. Medium ratio of calycle square to peridium net square is 1:1.35. Medium ratio of sporocyst length to stalk length is 1:8.3. Spores rounded, grey in mass, light grey or colorless in transmitted light (TL), decorated with dense small warts, (4.5–)5–5.3(–5.7) µm in diameter (n = 30) (Fig. 2F, G). Macrohabitat:— (Fig. 3A), water covered river bank with Salix spp. and Phragmites australis. Microhabitat:— (Fig. 3B), in mcc, on dead wood of Salix sp. Distribution:— Samples of C. gothica are known only from Kazan city. The differences between C. gothica and two similar species are listed in Table 1., Published as part of Sadykov, Ruslan E. & Potapov, Kim O., 2023, New dark species of Cribraria (Myxomycetes) from wetland ecosystem in Tatarstan (Russia), pp. 234-238 in Phytotaxa 591 (3) on pages 235-237, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.591.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7800889

Samples were collected in Adana province during 2019–2021 and myxomycetes were cultured using the moist chamber technique. The samples consisted of rotten or live tree bark, leaves, rashes, vegetable, and animal material, which were considered likely to contain myxomycete spores. In adddition, natural myxomycete samples were collected at nine different stations. These ‘natural samples’ were immediately dried and potential spore-bearing material was kept in a warm and humid environment with the moist chamber technique. In total, 56 myxomycetes (205 samples; 148 by moist chamber technique and 57 ‘natural samples’) were obtained representing six orders, 12 families, 24 genera and 56 species. Eight species were collected only in natural samples, 35 species were obtained only by moist chamber technique in the laboratory, and 13 species were obtained by both methods. Two myxomycetes as new records (Licea rugosa and Physarum nivale) and one new locality (Cribraria lepida) were identified in Turkey

Two species of the genus Metatrichia Coquillett, from South America, are described as new to science: Metatrichia barbata sp. nov. and Metatrichia brunneipennis sp. nov. Their relationships with related species are discussed. Metatrichia bulbosa (Osten Sacken, 1877) is registered to Brazil for the first time. A key to New World species of Metatrichia is presented.

Key to 19 species of Diderma in China 1. The outer peridium calcareous...........................................................................................................................................................2 The outer peridium cartilaginous......................................................................................................................................................17 2. Peridium single layer............................................................................................................................................... D. chondriderma Peridium double-layered...................................................................................................................................................................3 3. Sporocarps or plasmodiocarps, white, cream, light ochre, light purple, pink, pink-browns..............................................................4 Sporocarps pearl grey....................................................................................................................................................... D. cinereum 4. Sporocarps stalked............................................................................................................................................................................16 Sporocarps or plasmodiocarps, sessile...............................................................................................................................................5 5. Columella flat-pulvinate or spherical, hemispherical.......................................................................................................................10 Columella either lacking or thickened orange-brown base..............................................................................................................6 6. Columella lacking...............................................................................................................................................................................7 Columella thickened orange-brown base...........................................................................................................................................9 7. Capillitium with warty spines.............................................................................................................................................................8 Capillitium without warty spines...................................................................................................................................... D. saudersii 8. Capillitium with membrane expanders................................................................................................................. D. verrucocapillitia Capillitium without membrane expanders .................................................................................................................... D. deplanatum 9. Spores with warts............................................................................................................................................................... D. effusum Spores smooth................................................................................................................................................................. D. testaceum 10. Columella flat-pulvinate..................................................................................................................................................... D. alpinum Columella spherical, hemispherical..................................................................................................................................................11 11. Columella ochre to dark orange.......................................................................................................................................... D. niveum Columella white................................................................................................................................................................................12 12. Light coloured spores, spores D. spumarioides Dark spores, spores> 10μm.............................................................................................................................................................13 13. Spores spherical ................................................................................................................................................................................ 14 Spores subglobose, slightly polygonal.......................................................................................................................... D. cingulatum 14. Outer peridium without cracked.......................................................................................................................................................15 Outer peridium with cracked.................................................................................................................................... D. liaoningensis 15. Spores with large spines............................................................................................................................................... D. crustaceum Spores without large spines............................................................................................................................................. D. globosum 16. Sporangium spherical or subspherical.................................................................................................................. D. hemisphaericum Sporangium disciform.................................................................................................................................................. D. cor-rubrum 17. Peridium double-layered..................................................................................................................................................................18 Peridium triple-layered................................................................................................................................................... D. asteroides 18. Columella white, capillitium without expansions............................................................................................................ D. radiatum Columella brownish, capillitium with expansions.......................................................................................................... D. floriforme, Published as part of Zhao, Hui-Nan, Rao, Gu, Yang, Xin-Ya, Li, Xiao, Yu, Hai-Long, Zhang, Bo & Li, Yu, 2022, Two new species of Diderma (Physarales, Didymiaceae) from northern China, pp. 61-73 in Phytotaxa 572 (1) on page 70, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7305710

Diderma verrucocapillitia H. N. Zhao, B. Zhang & Y. Li, sp. nov. FIGURE 3. MycoBank No.: 842351 GenBank Acc. no.: OM258684, OM258685, OM258686 (SSU rRNA gene). Holotype: CHINA. Jilin Province: Yanji Prefecture, Antu County, Changbai Mountain Large Sample Site, 43°15.62′N, 127°59.24′E, on decaying leaves, 17 October 2017, collected by Bo Zhang (Holotype, HMJAU 60258!). Etymology. The epithet “verrucocapillitia” refers to the capillitium with verrucose. Description. Sporocarps or ring-shaped plasmodiocarps depressed, cushioned, 0.5mm in diameter, mostly forming branched, often forming ring-shaped, (1.0)4.7×0.6(3.2) mm, sometimes forming a net, up to 60× 90 mm, white or cream, reddish-brown or blackish-brown when covered by leaves or others; Hypothallus white, not developed; Peridium double, outer layer limy, thick, fragile, smooth, inner layer membranous, greyish white, dark yellow-brown at the base, sometimes with a metallic appearance; Columella thinned dark yellow-brown at the base; Capillitium threads brown, reddish, 2.5–3.5 μm in diameter, branched, with membranous extensions, bearing long dark spines; Spores red-purple in mass, red-brown in transmitted light, (8.4)9.2–13.3(14.9) μm in diameter, with verrucose. La=2.62±1.45, Wa=1.69±0.86 (TABLE 2), avR=9.53–12.34 (TABLE 3). Habitat and distribution. On decaying leaves in autumn. Additional specimens examined. China. Jilin Province: Yanji Prefecture, Antu County, Changbai Mountain Large Sample Site, 43°15.62′N, 127°59.24′E, on decaying leaves, 17 October 2017, collected by Bo Zhang (HMJAU 60259); Jilin Province: Yanji Prefecture, Antu County, Changbai Mountain Large Sample Site, 43°15.75′N, 127°59.32′E, on decaying leaves, 17 October 2017, collected by Bo Zhang (HMJAU 60268, HMJAU 60269). Notes. Diderma verrucocapillitia is characterized by depressed plasmodiocarps, verrucose capillitium, and redbrown spores. In terms of morphology, D. verrucocapillitia resembles D. deplanatum (Buyck 1982; Chou 1978) in their cushioned sporocyst, either plasmodiocarps or forming rings capillitia with bearing spiny or nodular enlargements. However, D. verrucocapillitia can be distinguished from D. deplanatum by its dark yellow-brown and thinned columella, brown capillitium with membranous extensions and dark tubercle, red-brown spores without spiny., Published as part of Zhao, Hui-Nan, Rao, Gu, Yang, Xin-Ya, Li, Xiao, Yu, Hai-Long, Zhang, Bo & Li, Yu, 2022, Two new species of Diderma (Physarales, Didymiaceae) from northern China, pp. 61-73 in Phytotaxa 572 (1) on pages 66-69, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7305710, {"references":["Buyck, B. (1982) The genus Diderma Persoon (Myxomycetes) in Belgium. Bulletin du Jardin botanique national de Belgique 52: 165 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3668055"]}

Diderma liaoningensis H. N. Zhao, B. Zhang & Y. Li, sp. nov. FIGURE 2. MycoBank No.: 842350 GenBank No.: OM258681, OM258682, OM258683 (SSU rRNA gene). Holotype: CHINA. Liaoning Province: Fuxin city, Haitang Mountain Scenic Spot, 41°48.30′N, 121°47.15′E, on decaying branches, 2 September 2012, collected by Zhang Bo (Holotype, HMJAU 60224!). Etymology. The epithet “liaoningensis” refers to Liaoning, the location of the holotype. Description. Sporocarps grouped in small dense groups, Spherical to hemispherical 0.63–0.84 mm in diameter, crowded, sessile, yellow-white; Hypothallus profusely developed, white to cream-white. Peridium typically doublelayered, wrinkled, the ridges marking the line of dehiscence, dehiscing along the ridges into irregular and polyhedral fragments, the outer layer calcareous, composed of closely adherent lime granules, closely attached to the inner layer, light yellowish-brown; Columella white to pale yellow, clavate, rough; Capillitium abundant, light brown, one free and the other attached to the columella, branched and anastomosed, the ends shrink and form a thin line, 6.5 µm at the base, sometimes with membranous extensions at branching points, up to 16.5 µm in width, with brown swelling, up to 3–9 um in width; Spores black in mass, brown in transmitted light, spherical, with warts and a pale line, (12)12.9– 17.2(18) µm in diameter. DFa=0.75± 0.09 mm (TABLE 2), avR=14.24–15.28 µm (TABLE 3). Habitat and distribution. On decaying branches in autumn. Additional specimens examined. China. Liaoning Province: Fuxin city, Haitang Mountain Scenic Spot, 41°47.37′N, 121°43.20′E, on decaying branches, 1 September 2012, collected by Bo Zhang (HMJAU 60275, HMJAU 60276, HMJAU 60277); Liaoning Province: Fuxin city, Haitang Mountain Scenic Spot, 41°47.48′N, 121°43.20′E, on decaying branches, 1 September 2012, collected by Bo Zhang (HMJAU 60279, HMJAU 60280), HMJAU 60281, HMJAU 60285, HMJAU 60286, HMJAU 60225, HMJAU 60227); Liaoning Province: Fuxin city, Haitang Mountain Scenic Spot, 41°48.30′N, 121°47.15′E, on decaying branches, 2 September 2012, collected by Bo Zhang (HMJAU 60226). Notes. Diderma liaoningensis is characterized by grouped sporocarps, the sporocyst with dehiscence lines, capillitium with large brown swelling, and the spore encircled by a pale line. Morphologically and phylogenetically, D. liaoningensis is significantly related to D. crustaceum (Chou 1978; Buyck 1982), D. subdictyospermum (Thind and Lakhanpal 1968; Liu and Chen et al. 1999; Lado et al. 2003), and D. cingulatum (Chou 1978; Nannenga-Bremekamp 1968) based on its white globes to hemispheric sporocarps and its white to yellowish-white columella. However, D. liaoningensis differs from D. crustaceum due to its sporocyst with dehiscence lines, closely adherent inner-outer layers peridium, and spore size and ornamentation. The spores of D. liaoningensis [(12)12.9–17.2(18) µm in diameter] are larger than those of D. crustaceum (10–12 µm in diameter). The spore of the D. liaoningensis has been encircled by a pale line. D. liaoningensis is easily confused with D. cingulatum due to their highly similar morphology. However, D. liaoningensis is differed from D. cingulatum by its spherical spore, and its capillitia with larger membranous extensions. D. liaoningensi can be distinguished from D. subdictyospermum by its larger spore and spore decoration. The spores of D. liaoningensis are (12)12.9–17.2(18) µm in diameter and have ridges about 2 µm high, whereas the spore of D. subdictyospermum is smaller (10–12 µm in diameter) than D. liaoningensis., Published as part of Zhao, Hui-Nan, Rao, Gu, Yang, Xin-Ya, Li, Xiao, Yu, Hai-Long, Zhang, Bo & Li, Yu, 2022, Two new species of Diderma (Physarales, Didymiaceae) from northern China, pp. 61-73 in Phytotaxa 572 (1) on page 66, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/7305710, {"references":["Buyck, B. (1982) The genus Diderma Persoon (Myxomycetes) in Belgium. Bulletin du Jardin botanique national de Belgique 52: 165 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3668055","Thind, K. S. & Lakhanpal, T. N. (1968) The Myxomycetes of India - XXII. Mycologia 60 (5): 1080 - 1085.","Liu, C. H., Chen, Y. F. (1999) Myxomycetes of Taiwan - XII. New records and newly rediscovered species. Taiwania 44 (3): 368 - 375.","Lado, C., Estrada-Torres, A., Stephenson, S. L., de Basanta, D. W. & Schnittler, M. (2003) Biodiversity assessment of myxomycetes from two tropical forest reserves in Mexico. Fungal Diversity 12 (1): 67 - 110.","Nannenga-Bremekamp, N. E. (1968) Notes on Myxomycetes. XVI. Remarks on some species of Diderma. Proceedings of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen. Series C. Biological and Medical Sciences 71 (2): 189 - 200."]}

Diderma fragile Aramb., Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 15(2–3):175, 1973 (Fig. 3) Sporangia grouped or dispersed, stalked, erect, 1.0– 1.5 mm in total height. Sporotheca subglobose, light yellow, 0.7–1.0 mm in diameter. Hypothallus membranous, reddish brown. Peridium double, the outer layer calcareous, eggshell-like, fragile, yellowish white, concolorous in the inner side but turning yellowish brown at the base of sporotheca, the inner layer membranous, colorless, inner layer is closely connected with the outer layer, dehiscence irregular, base constant persistence. Stalk slender cylindrical, erect, dark reddish brown, longitudinally grooved. Columella subglobose, 0.4– 0.5 mm in diameter, occupies almost 2/3 of the sporotheca, yellow, rough. Capillitium radiating from the columella, loose connection, threads 1.0–2.5 μm, scarcely branched, with irregular surface due to protuberances. Spores blackish in mass, reddish brown by transmitted light, globose, densely warted, 12.5–16.0 µm in diameter. Specimen examined:— CHINA. Anhui Province: Yuexi County, Yaoluoping Nature Reserve, 31°98′41″N, 116°10′08″E, elevation 1204 m, on dead bark, 22 Oct 2021, collected by Que Du and Wenlong Song (HFNNU 8542). Distribution:— Argentina (Arambarri 1973), Spain (Moreno et al. 1990), Peru (Treviño-Zevallos & Rodriguez 2020), and China (this study). Comments:— Diderma is a large genus of the family Didymiaceae in the order Physarales, with about 80 species reported and accepted (Lado 2005 –2022), of which 26 species are known in China (Chen et al. 2009, 2013). D. fragile is reported in China for the first time. There are few reports in the world of this species, only in Argentina, Spain and Peru. Our specimen was collected at 1204 m above sea level, but in Peru was collected at an altitude of 2851 m (Treviño-Zevallos & Rodriguez 2020). Chinese specimens correspond to the original description (Arambarri 1973) apart from a slightly longer stalk., Published as part of Song, Wen-Long, Lin, Di, Li, Min, Du, Que & Chen, Shuang-Lin, 2022, Four new records of myxomycetes from China, pp. 181-188 in Phytotaxa 567 (2) on pages 184-186, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.567.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7141750, {"references":["Arambarri, A. M. (1973) Myxomycetes of Tierra del Fuego. I. New or critical species of the genus Diderma (Didymiaceae). Boletin 15: 175 - 182.","Moreno, G., Illana, C. & Heykoop, M. (1990) Contribution to the study of the Myxomycetes of Spain II. Mycotaxon 37: 1 - 24.","Trevino-Zevallos, I. F. & Rodriguez, C. L. (2020) New records of Myxomycetes from Peru. Check List 16: 253 - 264. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 16.2.253","Lado, C. (2005 - 2022) An on line nomenclatural information system of Eumycetozoa. Real Jardin Botanico, CSIC. Madrid, Spain. Available from: https: // eumycetozoa. com (accessed 1 June 2022)","Chen, S. L., Dai, Q. Chen, P. & Li, Y. (2009) Myxomycetes from the mid-upper reaches of Bailong River, Gansu Province, China. Mycosystema 28 (1): 86 - 91.","Chen, S. L., Yan, S. Z. & Li, Y. (2013) Species of the genus Diderma from China and their distributions. Mycosystema 32 (suppl.): 200 - 206."]}

Cornuvia serpula (Wigand) Rostaf., in Fuckel, Jahrb. Nassauischen Vereins Naturk. 27–28: 76, 1873 (Fig. 1) Fruiting bodies are decentralized subspheroidal or ellipsoidal sessile sporangia or short plasmodiocarps, with a diameter of 0.3 mm, shining golden yellow. Peridium membranous, thin, delicate, smooth, and pale yellow. Capillitium a flaccid, loose network of yellow threads 3.0–5.0 μm in diameter, marked with well-defined ring-like thickenings clustered at intervals or irregularly scattered, occasionally or often with a large number of free ends. Spores yellow in mass, pale yellow by transmitted light, spherical, coarsely reticulate, the half surface has 7–12 meshes, 9.0–12.0 μm in diameter. Specimen examined:— CHINA. Hubei Province: Wufeng County, Houhe Nature Reserve, 30°04′47″N, 110°32′39″E, elevation 1238 m, on dead leaves of Davidia involucrata, collected on 27 Oct 2019, Min Li, cultured in moist chamber on 8 Nov 2019, harvested on 29 Dec 2019 (HFNNU 4093). Distribution:— Germany (Bjørneckaer & Klinge 1963), Denmark, United Kingdom, United States, India, Japan, France, Tanzania, and Costa Rica (Global Biodiversity Information Facility, GBIF), Mexico (Estrada-Torres et al. 2015), and China (this study). Comments:— The genus Cornuvia and C. serpula are reported for the first time in China, and was found in moist chamber culture of litter collected from Davidia. involucrata in Houhe Nature Reserve, Hubei Province in autumn. C. serpula is a small sessile sporangium or plasmodiocarp, with well-defined ring-like thickenings on the capillitium and reticulated spores. This species was originally assigned by Wigand to the genus Arcyria (Naturk 1873). However, it was later classified as Cornuvia by Rostafinski due to its unique combination of characteristics. The spores of C. serpula are larger, with a diameter of 9.0–12.0 μm and coarsely reticulate in this study, while the spores of this species were 10.0–11.6 μm in diameter and 9–14 meshes on the half side in America (Rojas & Calvo 2014). But, many of the spores had 7 meshes on the half side in our specimens. The microenvironment of C. serpula in this study is similar to that reported by Seraoui (2008), accumulated litter of leaves and twigs of Quercus cf. ilex., Published as part of Song, Wen-Long, Lin, Di, Li, Min, Du, Que & Chen, Shuang-Lin, 2022, Four new records of myxomycetes from China, pp. 181-188 in Phytotaxa 567 (2) on pages 182-183, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.567.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7141750, {"references":["Bjorneckaer, K. & Klinge, A. B. (1963) Die danischen Schleinpilze. Myxomycetes Daniae. Friesia 7: 1 - 296.","Estrada-Torres, A., de Basanta, D. W., Lado, C. & Rodriguez-Palma, M. M. (2015) Cornuvia (Myxomycetes Trichiales), a new genus for Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 86: 9 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.7550 / rmb. 47025","Naturk, N. V. (1873) Jahrbucher des Nassauischen Vereins fur Naturkunde. J. F. Bergmann, Wiesbaden.","Rojas, C. & Calvo, E. (2014) Additions to the myxobiota of Central America. Mycosphere 5: 488 - 495. https: // doi. org / 10.5943 / mycosphere / 5 / 3 / 11","Seraoui, E. A. (2008) Cornuvia serpula (Wigand) Rost., una espece rare et nouvelle pour la France. Bulletin Semestriel de la Federation des Associations Mycologiques Mediterraneennes 33: 23 - 28."]}

Craterium muscorum Ing, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 78(3):443, 1982 (Fig. 2) Sporangia grouped, stalked, 1.5–2.0 mm in total height. Sporotheca subglobose, dark purple brown to near black, 0.55–0.65 mm in diameter. Hypothallus membranous, reddish brown. Peridium single, membranous, dark greyish brown to nearly black, haloed, irregularly cracked from the top, part remaining like a high cup. Stalk stout, erect, cylindrical, attenuate toward the apex, dark brown to blackish, 1.0– 1.5 mm long, filled with whitish, rhombic crystals of lime. Columella concolorous with the stalk, capitate form, reaching the middle of the sporotheca, filled with lime. Capillitium white, rigid and fragile, almost entirely limy, merging with the columella, branched and anastomosed, as a tridimensional net. Spores black in mass, dark brown by transmitted light, spherical, 12.0–13.5 µm in diameter, roughly reticulated with irregular warts, making a small number of meshes to a hemisphere. Specimen examined:— CHINA. Anhui Province: Yuexi County, Yaoluoping Nature Reserve, 30°98′64″N, 116°09′39″E, elevation 1089 m, on dead bark, 21 Oct 2021, collected by Que Du and Wenlong Song (HFNNU 8503, HFNNU 8504). Distribution:— Costa Rica (Lado et al. 2018), Wales (Lister & Lister 1904), Great Britain, Ireland, Germany (Hosltein), Sandwich Islands, France and Nepal (GBIF), Poland (Stojanowaska & Panek 2003), and China (this study). Comments:— Craterium was established by Trentepohl in 1797, and 19 species have been reported and accepted in the world (Lado 2005 –2022). Prior to now, twelve species have been reported in China (Li & Li 1989, Li et al. 2008 b, Zhang & Li 2013, Zhao et al. 2018, Zhang et al. 2020), which are C. aureum (Schumach.) Rostaf., C. concinnum Rex, C. leucocephalum (Pers. ex J.F. Gmel.) Ditmar, C. microcarpum H.Z. Li, Yu Li & Shuang L. Chen, C. minutum (Leers) Fr., C. obovatum Peck, C. rubronodum G. Lister, C. corniculatum B. Zhang & Yu Li, C. subpurpurea B. Zhang & Yu Li, C. yichunense S.Y. Liu, F.Y. Zhao & Y. Li, C. dictyosporum (Rostaf.) H. Neubert and C. aureomagnum Hooff & Nann. -Bremek. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. muscorum from China. Lister & Lister (1904), who originally described this species as Badhamia rubiginosa var. globosa Lister & G. Lister, found it in the north of Wales. Ing (1982) clarified the nomenclatural status of this species, and named it C. muscorum. Our specimens were collected from mossy bark in autumn, supporting the affinity of this species for bryophytes and colder wet environments (Lado et al. 2018). Of the known species of Craterium, C. muscorum is similar only to C. dictyosporum in having irregularly dehiscing sporocarps, rarely circumscissile, and subreticulate or reticulate spores (Neubert et al. 1995, Zhao et al. 2018). However, the reticulation of the spores is almost complete, and with a prominent edge in C. muscorum, sets them apart., Published as part of Song, Wen-Long, Lin, Di, Li, Min, Du, Que & Chen, Shuang-Lin, 2022, Four new records of myxomycetes from China, pp. 181-188 in Phytotaxa 567 (2) on page 183, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.567.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7141750, {"references":["Lado, C., Estrada-Torres, A. & Rojas, C. (2018) New records of genera and species of myxomycetes (Amoebozoa) from the Neotropics. Check List 14: 509 - 518. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 14.3.509","Lister, A. & Lister, G. (1904) Notes on mycetozoa from Japan. London Journal of Botany 42: 97 - 99.","Stojanowaska, W. & Panek, E. (2003) The genus Craterium (Myxomycetes) in Poland. Acta Mycologica 38: 65 - 69. https: // doi. org / 10.5586 / am. 2003.008","Lado, C. (2005 - 2022) An on line nomenclatural information system of Eumycetozoa. Real Jardin Botanico, CSIC. Madrid, Spain. Available from: https: // eumycetozoa. com (accessed 1 June 2022)","Li, Y. & Li, H. Z. (1989) Myxomycetes from China 1: a checklist of Myxomycetes from China. Mycotaxon 35: 429 - 436.","Li, Y., Li, H. Z., Wang, Q. & Chen, S. L. (2008 b) Flora Fungorum Sinicorum Myxomycetes II. Science Press, Beijing.","Zhang, B. & Li, Y. (2013) Myxomycetes from China 16: Arcyodes incarnata and Licea retiformis, newly recorded for China. Mycotaxon 122: 157 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.5248 / 122.157","Zhao, F. Y., Li, Y., Hsiang, T. & Liu, S. Y. (2018) A new species in Physaraceae, Craterium yichunensis, and a new record for C. dictyosporum in China. Phytotaxa 351: 181 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 351.2.7","Zhang, B., Ma, H. X., Li, Z., Li, Y. & Li, X. (2020) A new species of Craterium (Myxomycetes, Physaraceae) growing on living grass and new records of the genus from China. Phytotaxa 443: 13 - 18. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 443.1.2","Ing, B. (1982) Notes on Myxomycetes III. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 78: 439 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / S 0007 - 1536 (82) 80150 - 2","Neubert, H., Nowotny, W. & Baumann, K. (1995) Die Myxomyceten Deutschlands und des angrenzenden Alpenraumes unter besonderer Berucksichtigung Osterreichs. Band 2. Physarales. Karlheinz Baumann Verlag, Gomaringen."]}

Four species of myxomycetes are reported from China for the first time. Cornuvia serpula and Perichaena microspora were discovered from Houhe Nature Reserve in Hubei Province. Criterium muscorum and Diderma fragile were discovered from Yaoluoping Nature Reserve in Anhui Province. Their morphological features are described and illustrated by light microscope and scanning electron microscope. These specimens are deposited in Herbarium of Fungi of Nanjing Normal University (HFNNU).

Perichaena microspora Penz. & Lister, in Penzig, Myxomyc. Fl. Buitenzorg 76, 1898 (Fig. 4) Fruiting bodies grouped, spherical or nearly spherical sporangia or long strip or vermicular plasmodiocarp, or long or short, sometimes reticulated, yellowish brown, 0.2–2.0 mm in diameter. Peridium single-layer, simple, membranose, yellow, with smooth surface, inner surface with grains of material close to the base of the sporocarp. Capillitium loose, the upper end is connected with the peridium, canary yellow, branched and anastomosed, densely spiny, 1.5–3.0 μm in diameter. Spores golden in mass, canary by microscope, warted, 6.5–8.0 μm in diameter. Specimens examined:— CHINA. Hubei Province: Wufeng County, Houhe Nature Reserve, 30°04′24″N, 110°36′36″E, elevation 1102 m, on dead leaves, collected on 8 Apr 2019, Min Li, cultured in moist chamber on 18 Apr 2019, harvested on 20 May 2019 (HFNNU 3469, HFNNU 3456); Wufeng County, Houhe Nature Reserve, 30°04′24″N, 110°36′36″E, elevation 1102 m, on dead leaves, collected on 8 Apr 2019, Min Li, cultured in moist chamber on 18 Apr 2019, harvested on 12 Jun 2019 (HFNNU 3532, HFNNU 3534). Distribution:— Liberia and America (GBIF), Cuba, Costa Rica and Brazil (Cavalcanti et al. 2016, Lado & de Basanta 2008), Philippines (Macabago et al. 2012), and China (this study). Comments:— Perichaena currently encompasses 38 species (Lado 2005 –2022). Species belonging to the genus form sessile or stalked sporangia with pale capillitium covered with various types of ornamentation in the form of warts, spines or rings, but never spirals, and with pale spores usually covered with warts or spines (Ronikier et al. 2013). P. microspora as a new Chinese record is morphologically almost identical to the description for this species (Macabago et al. 2012, Cavalcanti et al. 2016). The characteristic small spores of P. microspora have not been observed in any other species of this genus. The average spore size of P. microspora in this study and a reference (Cavalcanti et al. 2016) is about 7 μm. The most frequently measured value for spores of other species in this genus (Martin & Alexopoulos 1969) is 10 μm. Our study is the first to use SEM to photograph and analyze this species, so as to more clearly describe the morphological characteristics of the species., Published as part of Song, Wen-Long, Lin, Di, Li, Min, Du, Que & Chen, Shuang-Lin, 2022, Four new records of myxomycetes from China, pp. 181-188 in Phytotaxa 567 (2) on pages 186-187, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.567.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/7141750, {"references":["Cavalcanti, L. H., Bezerra, A. C. C., Barbosa, D. I., Agra, L. A. N. N., Powell, N. V., de Lima, V. X. & Costa, A. A. A. (2016) Occurrence and distribution of Perichaena (Trichiaceae, Myxomycetes) in the Brazilian Northeastern Region. Acta Botanica Brasilica 30: 102 - 111. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / 0102 - 33062015 abb 0238","Lado, C. & de Basanta, D. W. (2008) A review of Neotropical Myxomycetes (1828 - 2008). Anales del Jardin Botanico de Madrid 65: 211 - 254. https: // doi. org / 10.3989 / ajbm. 2008. v 65. i 2.293","Macabago, S. A. B., dela Cruz, T. E. E. & Stephenson, S. L. (2012) First records of myxomycetes from Lubang Island, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines. Sydowia 64: 109 - 118.","Lado, C. (2005 - 2022) An on line nomenclatural information system of Eumycetozoa. Real Jardin Botanico, CSIC. Madrid, Spain. Available from: https: // eumycetozoa. com (accessed 1 June 2022)","Ronikier, A., Lado, C. & de Basanta, D. W. (2013) Perichaena megaspora, a new nivicolous species of myxomycete from the Andes. Mycologia 105: 938 - 944. https: // doi. org / 10.3852 / 12 - 191","Martin, G. W. & Alexopoulos, C. J. (1969) The Myxomycetes. University of Iowa Press, Iowa."]}

Perichaena cornuvioides L.F. Čelakovský, (1893: 26) Type (as Hemitrichia karstenii):—[CZECK REPUBLIK]. Bohemia: Klatovy, Chudenice, in cortice Carpinus betulus, 6 August 1887, leg Celakovsky fil., B. M. 3004, [BM 001247521 = box] (BM!). We have studied the type of Perichaena cornuvioides L.F. Celak. As the material is very scanty, we analyzed only a small portion and we were only able to study the spore ornamentation under SEM. This ornamentation seems similar to that of the Hemitrichia karstenii samples studied, although the latter shows less homogeneous ornamentation. We were unable to prepare the capillitium for LM and SEM, so we cannot confirm its morphology. Lister (1911), indicates that “the type of P. cornuvioides appears to be an abnormal form of H. karstenii, in which the capillitium shows no trace of spirals, and is marked with many small bladder-like or cup-shaped expansions” and maintains the possibility that it could be a Perichaena corticalis (Batsch) Rostaf. based on the form of the fruiting body. In an earlier study (Moreno et al. 2000) we have observed a spore ornamentation very similar to P. corticalis formed by baculae. However, if we abide by the original description by Čelakovský (1893) in figure 6 of Plate 1, a capillitium without spirals was observed, more typical of Perichaena, so the proposed synonymity with Hemitrichia karstenii or with Trichia contorta appears doubtful to us., Published as part of Moreno, G., Castillo, A. & Thüs, H., 2022, Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM), pp. 1-20 in Phytotaxa 567 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.567.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7137881, {"references":["Lister, A. (1911) A Monograph of the Mycetozoa (ed. 2. rev. G. Lister). British Museum Nat. Hist. London, 302 pp.","Moreno, G., Lizarraga, M., Illana, C., Castillo, A. & Oltra, M. (2000) Hemitrichia agaves sp. nov. un nuovo Myxomycetes delle piante grasse dal Messico e dalla Spagna. Rivista di Micologia 1: 5 - 16.","Celakovsky, L. (1893) Die Myxomyceten Bohmens. Archiv Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Bohmen 7 (5): 1 - 88, 5 pl."]}

Trichia contorta (Ditmar) Rostafinski (1875: 259). = Trichia intermedia L.F. Čelakovský (1893: 38). Type (of Trichia intermedia):— CZECH REPUBLIC. Bohemia prope Chudenice, 18 July 1884, L. Čelakovský, B.M. 2907, [box: BM001247525] (BM!). Trichia contorta is characterized by its sessile and globose yellowish-brown sporocarps, with delicate peridium, elaters of capillitium with free ends pointed, and spores 11–13 μm in diameter, weakly ornamented with spines, which appear as pili under SEM. This typical ornamentation has repeatedly been observed previously e.g. by Rammeloo (1974), Neubert et al. (1993) and Wang & Li (2006). The macro- and microscopic characteristics of the type of T. intermedia studied in this paper coincide with those indicated for T. contorta by the previous authors, so we consider both species synonymous. Trichia contorta was described by Ditmar (1813) as Lycogala contortum, who provided an excellent plate showing the fructifications and the capilicon formed by short elaters. The name Trichia contorta (Ditmar) Rostafinski may be invalid as it is a yonger homonym to T. contorta G.H. Otth. (1869: 62). Based on the rather vaguely worded protologue and in the absence of access to type material, we follow Lado (2005 -2022) in considering T. contorta G.H. Otth. a doubtful name and in the interest of nomenclatorial stability continue the use of the long established name T. contorta (Ditmar) Rostafinski. This species has been confused with Hemitrichia karstenii, from which it is clearly differentiated by its capillitium, formed by elaters with abundant free ends and spores that present an ornamentation formed by pili under SEM (Rammeloo 1974), where interconnected pili can be seen, sometimes forming small reticula. Two similar species to Trichia contorta with sessile sporocarps are T. varia (Pers. ex JF Gmel.) Pers., which differs by its capillitium with spiral bands of irregular distribution, and T. alpina Meyl., with a darker peridium, almost black, wider capillitium (5–10 μm in diam.), and larger spores (16–18 μm in diam.)., Published as part of Moreno, G., Castillo, A. & Thüs, H., 2022, Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM), pp. 1-20 in Phytotaxa 567 (1) on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.567.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7137881, {"references":["Rostafinski, J. T. (1875) Sluzowce (Mycetozoa) monografia. Towarz Nauk Scis Paryu, pp. 5 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 63836","Celakovsky, L. (1893) Die Myxomyceten Bohmens. Archiv Naturwiss. Landesdurchf. Bohmen 7 (5): 1 - 88, 5 pl.","Rammeloo, J. (1974) Structure of the epispore in Trichiaceae (Trichiales, Myxomycetes) as seen with the scanning microscope. Bulletin de la Societe Royale de Botanique de Belgique 107: 291 - 304.","Neubert, H., Nowotny, W. & Baumann, K. (1993) Die Myxomyceten, Band 1 Ceratiomyxales, Echinosteliales, Liceales, Trichiales. Karlheinz Baumann Verlag. Gomaringen, 343 pp.","Wang, Q. & Li, Y. (2006) Trichiales in China. China Press. 134 pp., 58 plates.","Ditmar, L. (1813) Die Pilze Deutschlands. In: Sturm, J., Deutschlands Flora III 1: 1 - 34, pl. 1 - 16.","Lado, C. (2005 - 2022) An online nomenclatural information system of Eumycetozoa. Real Jardin Botanico, CSIC. Madrid, Spain. Available from: http: // www. nomen. eumycetozoa. com (accessed 10 May 2022)"]}

Prototrichia metallica (Berkeley) Massee (1889: 350). ≡ Trichia flagellifera Berkeley & Broome (1866: 56). ≡ Prototrichia flagellifera (Berkeley & Broome) Rostafinski (1876: 38). ≡ Prototrichia schroeteri Meylan (1921: 462). Material studied:— UNITED KINGDOM. England: Bedfordshire, Luton, 15 April 1908, Miss K. Higgins, B.M. 3174, (BM), as Prototrichia metallica. UNITED KINGDOM. England: Lyme Regis, Charton, 1890-1894, A. Lister, B.M. 1542, [box: BM001247523] (BM), as Prototrichia flagellifera. This species is characterized by sessile sporocarps (rarely short-stalked), a branched filamentous capillitium with smooth spiral bands and free ends with 3–6 characteristic filiform (penicillate) extremities attached to the upper part of the sporotheca. According to Rammeloo (1983), this species is variable in most of its characters, as reflected in the rather high number of synonyms, but he did not study any of the two samples at BM described here. Prototrichia schroeteri Meyl. was described as a nivicolous species with fruiting bodies appearing during spring in areas with long lasting snow cover (Meylan 1921). Morphologically it was further separated from P. metallica by its always stipitate brown sporocarps, by its dense, persistent capillitium, attached to the apex of the stipe that maintains the morphology of the sporocarp once the peridium is lost, by the disconnection of the inner surface of the peridium; and by the colour of the spores. The morphological differences appear to be mostly ambiguous characters which do not allow a safe separation of the two taxa. If the unusual fruiting time of P. schroeteri was the result of exceptional weather conditions in the collection year or if it really represents a constant character can only be judged based on new and sequenced collections. The constant presence of a stalk could have been another unambiguous character as all sporocarps from the samples of Prototrichia metallica studied here were sessile. The microscopic characteristics are very similar in both species. However, Kowalski (1975) indicated that he had collected stipitated samples of P. metallica and he concluded that the two names are synonymous, a taxonomic treatment with which we agree, until the separation is re-examined by molecular studies. The microscopic characters of sample B.M. 1542 assigned to Prototrichia flagellifera are similar to those of sample BM 3174 of P. metallica, so we conclude that the BM-sample is a mislabelled collection of P. metallica. Although we have not studied type material of P. flagellifera, we consider both species synonymous (Lado 2005 –2022)., Published as part of Moreno, G., Castillo, A. & Thüs, H., 2022, Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM), pp. 1-20 in Phytotaxa 567 (1) on pages 16-17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.567.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7137881, {"references":["Massee, G. (1889) A revision of the Trichiaceae. Journal of the Royal Microscopical Society 1889: 325 - 359.","Berkeley, M. J. & Broome, C. E. (1866) The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, ser. 3: 121 - 129.","Rostafinski, J. T. (1876) Sluzowce (Mycetozoa), Monografia. In: Pamietnik Towarzystwa Nauk Scislych w Paryzu, tom 8. 43 pp.","Meylan, C. (1921) Contribution a la connaissance des Myxomycetes de la Suisse. Bulletin de la Socieitei Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 53: 451 - 463.","Rammeloo, J. (1983) Icones Mycologicae 19 - 34. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique. Meise.","Kowalski, D. T. (1975) The Myxomycete taxa described by Charles Meylan. Mycologia 67 (3): 448 - 494. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00275514.1975.12019774","Lado, C. (2005 - 2022) An online nomenclatural information system of Eumycetozoa. Real Jardin Botanico, CSIC. Madrid, Spain. Available from: http: // www. nomen. eumycetozoa. com (accessed 10 May 2022)"]}

Hemitrichia leiotricha (Lister) G. Lister (1911: 224). Lectotype:— UNITED KINGDOM. England: Devon, Uplyme, Charton Plantation, 50.7337ºN 2.9503ºW, larch plantation, 27 Nov 1891, A. Lister, B.M. 2978, [BM001247147 = box] (BM!). Additional material studied:— UNITED KINGDOM. England: Dorset, Westover Hill, Charmouth, on heathland, 29 Mars 1907, K. Furse, B.M. 2979, (BM). This follicolous species is mainly characterized by its capillitium with branched filaments ornamented with faint and smooth spirals and blunt free ends with a short appex. The sample B.M. 2978 has been proposed as lectotypus (Lado & Wrigley de Basanta, 2018), however, the authors did not have access to the sample B.M. 2979, which we have also studied here. This species was proposed as a variety of Hemitrichia intorta (Lister) Lister by Lister (1894). This status was also suggested by Martin & Alexopoulos (1969). Our observations agree with the results of an SEM study of the lectotype material carried out by Rammeloo (1984), which leaves no doubt to separate this species from H. intorta, since H. leiotricha presents smooth and not spiny capillitium, and the spore ornamentation is different, as well as the inner surface of the peridium., Published as part of Moreno, G., Castillo, A. & Thüs, H., 2022, Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM), pp. 1-20 in Phytotaxa 567 (1) on page 16, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.567.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7137881, {"references":["Lister, A. (1911) A Monograph of the Mycetozoa (ed. 2. rev. G. Lister). British Museum Nat. Hist. London, 302 pp.","Lado, C. & Wrigley de Basanta, D. (2018) Typification of the myxomycete taxa described by the Listers and preserved at the Natural History Museum, London (BM). Phytotaxa Monographs 341: 1 - 83. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 341.1","Lister, A. (1894) A Monograph of the Mycetozoa. British Museum Nat. Hist. London, 224 pp.","Martin, G. W. & Alexopoulos, C. J. (1969) The Myxomycetes. University of Iowa Press, Iowa, U. S. A., 560 pp.","Rammeloo, J. (1984) Icones Mycologicae 35 - 54. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique. Meise."]}

Hemitrichia intorta (Lister) Lister (1894: 176). ≡ Hemiarcyria intorta Lister (1891: 268). ≡ Hyporhamma intortum (Lister) Lado (2001: 47). Syntype:— UNITED KINGDOM. England: Hertfordshire, Hitchin, 51.947ºN 0.283ºW, 25 March 1889, M.E. Seibohm, B.M. 1483, [BM001088829 = box] (BM!). This species is characterized by its sessile or short-stalk sporocarps, small spores 7.8‒9.9(‒10) × (8‒)8.2‒10 µm in diam., and capillitium filaments ornamented with spiral bands with abundant spines. Our observations confirm the data assembled by Rammeloo (1984) based on the same collection., Published as part of Moreno, G., Castillo, A. & Thüs, H., 2022, Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM), pp. 1-20 in Phytotaxa 567 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.567.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7137881, {"references":["Lister, A. (1894) A Monograph of the Mycetozoa. British Museum Nat. Hist. London, 224 pp.","Lister, A. (1891) Notes on Mycetozoa. Journal of Botany 29: 257 - 268.","Lado, C. (2001) Cuadernos de trabajo de Flora micologica iberica 16. Nomenmyx. A nomenclatural taxabase of Myxomycetes. Real Jardin Botanico Madrid. J. Cramer, 219 pp.","Rammeloo, J. (1984) Icones Mycologicae 35 - 54. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique. Meise."]}

Hemitrichia karstenii (Rostafinski) Lister (1894: 178). ≡ Hemiarcyria karstenii Rostafinski (1876: 41). ≡ Arcyria karstenii (Rostafinski) Massee (1892: 168). ≡ Trichia contorta var. karstenii (Rostafinski) Ing (1965: 647). Material studied:— UNITED KINGDOM. England: West Midlands, Dudley Castle, January 1891, leg A. Camm, ex Herb. Lister coll. Myzetozoa, B.M. 1489, [BM001247518 = box] (BM). England: West Midlands, Dudley Castle, February 1890 and January 1891, leg A. Camm, ex Herb. H.W. Howard, B.M. 2008, [BM001247518 = box] (BM). This species is mainly characterized by its branched capillitium with few free ends and filaments with characteristic irregular swellings of globose to oval shape. After studying the type material from Sri Lanka Lister (1894) concluded that is an independent species within the genus Hemitrichia Rostaf., due to its tangled and branching capillitium of threads with irregular expansions. On the other hand, this species was combined by Ing (1965) as Trichia contorta var. karstenii , since he did not observe important differential characters with respect to T. contorta, apart from a capillitium with branched elaters and a tendency to form plasmodiocarps. The name Hemitrichia karstenii was accepted by Martin & Alexopoulos (1969), Mitchell (1980) and Flateau (1990). However, it has been cited as Trichia contorta var. karstenii by Lado & Pando (1997), Nannenga-Bremekamp (1991) and Neubert et al. (1993). To differentiate both taxa, we have analyzed the material of BM under SEM. We observed spiral bands in the capillitium distributed more irregularly in Trichia contorta (Ditmar)Rostaf. and the spore ornamentation is very different between both taxa. Spores of Hemitrichia karstenii have ornamentations of the baculate type, but in Trichia contorta they are of the pilate type. This ornamentation type in T. contorta has also been indicated by Rammeloo (1974) and Neubert et al. (1993) for European material, and by Wang & Li (2006) for Chinese specimens. These sporal differences are sufficient to treat them as autonomous species. Due to the current lack of a full revision for this species group, except for preliminary data on Austral representatives by Ronikier et al. 2020 to confirm its phylogenetic placement, and for the reasons previously stated, we follow Lister and keep it for the time being in the genus Hemitrichia., Published as part of Moreno, G., Castillo, A. & Thüs, H., 2022, Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM), pp. 1-20 in Phytotaxa 567 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.567.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7137881, {"references":["Lister, A. (1894) A Monograph of the Mycetozoa. British Museum Nat. Hist. London, 224 pp.","Rostafinski, J. T. (1876) Sluzowce (Mycetozoa), Monografia. In: Pamietnik Towarzystwa Nauk Scislych w Paryzu, tom 8. 43 pp.","Massee, G. (1892) Monograph of the Myxogastres. Methuen & Co. London, 367 pp.","Ing, B. (1965) Notes on Myxomycetes. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 48: 647 - 651.","Martin, G. W. & Alexopoulos, C. J. (1969) The Myxomycetes. University of Iowa Press, Iowa, U. S. A., 560 pp.","Mitchell, D. W. (1980) A key to the corticolous Myxomycetes. Part I. Bulletin of the British Mycological Society 12 (1): 18 - 42.","Lado, C. & Pando, F. (1997) Flora Mycologica Iberica vol. 2. Myxomycetes, I. Ceratiomyxales, Echinosteliales, Liceales, Trichiales. Real Jardin Botanico Madrid. J. Cramer, 323 pp.","Nannenga-Bremekamp, N. E. (1991) A guide to temperate Myxomycetes. Biopress Limited. Bristol, 409 pp.","Neubert, H., Nowotny, W. & Baumann, K. (1993) Die Myxomyceten, Band 1 Ceratiomyxales, Echinosteliales, Liceales, Trichiales. Karlheinz Baumann Verlag. Gomaringen, 343 pp.","Rammeloo, J. (1974) Structure of the epispore in Trichiaceae (Trichiales, Myxomycetes) as seen with the scanning microscope. Bulletin de la Societe Royale de Botanique de Belgique 107: 291 - 304.","Wang, Q. & Li, Y. (2006) Trichiales in China. China Press. 134 pp., 58 plates.","Ronikier, A., Garcia-Cunchillos, I., Janik, P. & Lado, C. (2020) Nivicolous Trichiales from the austral Andes: unexpected diversity including two new species. Mycologia 112 (4): 753 - 780. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00275514.2020.1759978"]}

Arcyria imperialis (G. Lister) Q. Wang & Yu Li (2006: 89). ≡ Hemitrichia imperialis G. Lister (1929: 226). Lectotype:— JAPAN. Tokyo Prefecture: Tokyo, gardens of the Akasaka Imperial Palace, 35º40’48”N 139º43’43”E, on Prunus grayana Maxim., 23 Jan 1928, The Emperor of Japan [Emperor Shôwa, Hirohito] and presented by him to the British Museum, B. M. 4067, [box: BM001085195, slide: BM001223775] (BM!), as Hemitrichia imperialis G. Lister. Syntype:— JAPAN. Tokyo Prefecture: Tokyo, gardens of the Akasaka Imperial Palace, 35º40’48”N 139º43’43”E, a culture from spores of the typus [see B. M. 4067] obtained by Dr. H. Hattori in the Biological Laboratory, Imperial Palace, Tokyo, 30 Apr 1928, B. M. 4068, [box: BM001085196, slide:, BM001223776] (BM!), as Hemitrichia imperialis G. Lister. This species is mainly characterized by a capillitium formed by filaments with 2–3 spirals ornamented with spines on their edges and by its small spores of approx 7 µm in diam. The description is based on the lectotypus specimen, which is in a rather bad condition and we analyzed a small portion of the sporotheca of the lectotype and of the syntype material. The two samples were also studied by Rammeloo (1984). The culture sample B.M. 4068 is in perfect condition and maintains the complete sporocarps and is better preserved than the lectotypus, an assessment already published by Rammeloo (1984) who also pointed out that the ornamentation of the capillitium was somewhat more strongly pronounced in the field collection. However, we found very similar ornamentation of the capillitium in both collections (Figs 1b, f). Nannenga-Bremekamp (1982) considered Hemitrichia imperialis as a species within the genus Arcyria, but she did not make a valid recombination for this genus and proposed the name as a synonym of Arcyria stipata (Schwein.) Lister. We do not agree with this conclusion because this A. stipata develops filaments of the capillitium with interconnected spiral bands from which spines emerge (Nannenga-Bremekamp 1991). This morphology clearly differs from what we have observed in the type material of H. imperialis.

Trichia munda (Lister) Meylan (1927: 327) ≡ Trichia botrytis var. munda Lister (1897: 216) Syntype:— UNITED KINGDOM. England: Essex, Epping Forest, Drift Way, 51.66ºN 0.05ºE, on hornbeam leaves, 29 Nov 1896, A.G. Phear, B.M. 2942, [BM001089762 = box, BM001089171 = slide] (BM!), as Trichia botrytis var. munda. Trichia munda is a rare and little quoted species, which was considered as a variety of Trichia botrytis (J. F. Gmel.) Pers. by some authors such as Lister (1897). Meylan (1927) considered it as a separate species from T. botrytis. Among other reasons he pointed out that T. munda fructifies from a white plasmodium and not purple-brown as T. botrytis. We agree with the separation of both taxa. Trichia munda shows fructifications isolated and with smaller sporocarps (1–1.5 mm in total height), a minute sporotheca, slender stalk (2–2.5 times the diam. of the sporotheca) and strongly ornamented spores. The spore ornamentation under SEM presents very differentiated “pila” in which the head is densely mamiliferous, very similar to the spore ornamentation of Metatrichia floripara (Rammeloo 1981)., Published as part of Moreno, G., Castillo, A. & Thüs, H., 2022, Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM), pp. 1-20 in Phytotaxa 567 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.567.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7137881, {"references":["Meylan, C. (1927) Recherches sur les Myyxomycetes du Jura en 1925 - 26. Bulletin de la Socieitei Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 56: 319 - 328.","Lister, A. (1897) Notes on some rare species of Mycetozoa. Journal of Botany 35: 209 - 218.","Rammeloo, J. (1981) Flore Illustree des Champignons d'Afrique Central. Trichiales (Myxomycetes), fascicules 8 - 9. Jardin Botanique National de Belgique. Meise."]}

Trichia scabra Rostafinski (1875: 258) Material studied:— UNITED KINGDOM. Hertfortshire: Vicecounty 20, leg. anon., s.n., [BM 001247525 = box], as Trichia scabra Rostaf. This species is characterized by its crowded and sessile sporocarps, elaters with spiral bands with small spines interconnected by longitudinal striations and spores reticulated. Results of an SEM study carried out by Hatano (1986 plate 23 and 24) of this species with material from Japan, are supported with the observation made on the material from BM, regarding the characteristics of both spore ornamentation and the elaters of the capillitium., Published as part of Moreno, G., Castillo, A. & Thüs, H., 2022, Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM), pp. 1-20 in Phytotaxa 567 (1) on page 18, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.567.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7137881, {"references":["Rostafinski, J. T. (1875) Sluzowce (Mycetozoa) monografia. Towarz Nauk Scis Paryu, pp. 5 - 215. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 63836","Hatano, T. (1986) Studies on the Myxomycetes of Japan, with particular reference to the fine structure of spores and capillitia. Report Environmental Science Mie University 10: 25 - 106."]}

Trichia affinis de Bary (1870: 336). Material studied:— URUGUAY. Tacuarembo: September 1928, Dr. G. Herter, B.M. 4147, [BM001247524 = box] (BM). This species is characterized by sessile yellowish sporocarps. The capillitium is composed of narrow (5–6 µm diam.) elaters. Under SEM we can see that it is surrounded by spiral bands with transverse striations and small spines, scarcely visible by LM. Free ends are pointed. Spore ornamentation has a net of variable morphology. The reticulum consists of wide discontinuous bands which form a broken mesh. The bands also are composed of a reticulum with smaller meshes. Martin & Alexopoulos (1969) and Farr (1958, 1976) considered Trichia affinis as a synonymous species of T. favoginea (Batsh) Pers. and T. persimilis Karsten., since “none of the differences supposed to separate this species is constant”.Although this group presents very similar characters, we follow the taxonomic treatment given by NannengaBremekamp (1991) and Lado (2005 –2021), who consider them to be different species. According to our experience, the diameter of the capillitium is a good character to separate Trichia favoginea (8–10 µm diam.) from T. affinis and T. persimilis (4–6 µm diam.). Without this additional diagnostic character the separation of these latter two species can be difficult. For T. affinis, the presence of a capillitium with smooth or with small spines, spiral bands and spores with a broken reticulum is characteristic, while for T. persimilis, the presence of a capillitium with spiny spiral bands, and spores with a reticulum in the form of islets or patches of reticulum are typical. Also T. affinis differs from T. favoginea in that the latter does not have globose sporocarps, they are cylindrical and the spores are larger (13–15 µm diam.)., Published as part of Moreno, G., Castillo, A. & Thüs, H., 2022, Critical revision of Trichiales (Myxomycetes) at the Natural History Museum London (BM), pp. 1-20 in Phytotaxa 567 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.567.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7137881, {"references":["Martin, G. W. & Alexopoulos, C. J. (1969) The Myxomycetes. University of Iowa Press, Iowa, U. S. A., 560 pp.","Farr, M. L. (1958) Taxonomic studies in the Myxomycetes. I. The Trichia favoginea complex. Mycologia 50: 357 - 369. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00275514.1958.12024732","Farr, M. L. (1976) Flora Neotropica monograph nº 16 Myxomycetes. New York Botanical Garden, 304 pp.","Lado, C. (2005 - 2022) An online nomenclatural information system of Eumycetozoa. Real Jardin Botanico, CSIC. Madrid, Spain. Available from: http: // www. nomen. eumycetozoa. com (accessed 10 May 2022)"]}

Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank), commonly known as the cereal mite, cheese mite, or ham mite, is a cosmopolitan species reported from various environments in the wild, including soil, plant material and vertebrate nests. It has also been recognized as a common pest of food storages, mycological collections as well as plant and invertebrate laboratory cultures. Laboratory observations indicate that T. putrescentiae feeds on a large range of dermatophytes, yeasts and molds. We have observed the interspecific relation between this mite and several species of true slime molds (Mycetozoa) under laboratory conditions, which confirms the very broad spectrum of feeding habits of T. putrescentiae. Mycetozoans were grown in semi-sterile in vitro cultures and fed with oat flour or oat flakes. Tyrophagus putrescentiae displayed affinity to all macroscopically identifiable stages of the life cycle of Fuligo septica (L.) F.H. Wigg, Physarum polycephalum Schwein and the Didymium sp. complex [Didymium iridis (Ditmar) Fr., Didymium nigripes (Link) Fr. and Didymium bahiense Gottsb.]: live, decaying or dead plasmodia, sporangia, aethalia, spores and sclerotia. The relation carrying symptoms of various types of interspecific interaction, is hypothesized to form an evolutionarily young phenomenon, which not only identifies a new aspect of mycetozoal biology, but also presents the cereal mite as a species of high adaptive potential.

Cribraria lepida Meyl. (Fig. 2) (new locality) Description:— Sporophores stalked, scattered. Sporothecae erect or nodding, deep purple or violet-purple, 0.3–0.4 mm diam., spherical or slightly pyriform. Stalk up to 6–8 times the diameter of the sporotheca and usually 80–90% of the total height, dark purple, black, opaque in reflected light, orange-brown in transmitted light. Hypothallus thin, delicate. Peridium persists in the form of threads and a cup, contains dark purple granules up to 1–1.5 µm in diameter. Calyculus 25–35% of the sporotheca diameter, with a shallow calyculus occupying approximately one third of the diameter of the sporotheca, finely dotted with calcic granules, the upper margin scalloped giving rise at the points to a fine net with a few thickened pulvinate nodes. The cup is purple, small, sometimes flat, saucer-shaped, edge of the calyculus is uneven, with projections passing into a network of well developed filaments. Nodules are pillow-shaped, elongated, curved, irregular in shape, with rounded edges, filled with dictydine granules and connected by thin threads. Peridial net with small, flat, rounded or angular nodes which are usually Specimen examined:— Adana, Karaisalı on bark, moist chamber technique, 37° 15’ N- 35° 03’ E, 270 m, 24 Feb. 2021, Baba 30. Distribution:— Argentina, Brazil, Croatia, France, Germany, Hawaii, Mexico, Nigeria, Panama, Puerto Rico, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey (Karaman), USA. Comments:— Cribraria lepida differs from the closely related species C. violacea in size and shape of the calyculus, the structure of the network of threads, and shape of the nodules. The latter has a deep cup-shaped calyculus, taking from 1/2 to 2/3 of the sporotheca, nodules large, flat, angular. Spores of C. violacea in transmitted light are lilac, and more brightly coloured than those of C. lepida. Examination of samples of C. lepida and C. violacea with a binocular microscope reveals that these species are similar only in colouration of sporocarps and differ greatly in shape and structure of peridium and sporotheca. (Ejale & Gill 1991, Vlasenko et al. 2016). C. lepida has the habit of C. languescens and the colour of C. violacea and the spore size is given as 5–6 µm (Martin & Alexopoulos 1969, Neubert et al. 1993). From the red-brown to purple-brown C. languescens already distinguishes the colour. C. violacea is smaller, usually ovoid, the network nodes are more than 50 µm in diameter, the cup takes up half or more of the sporocarps. C. elegans is red-violet, the total height remains below 2 mm, the granulation is coarser (Neubert et al. 1993). It differs from C. violacea in that it has a much shallower calyculus and has numerous thickened nodes, not a few flat nodes on the peridial net (Estrada-Torres et al. 2009, Ramírez-Ortega et al. 2017)., Published as part of Baba, Hayri & Sevindik, Mustafa, 2022, Myxomycetes diversity in Adana Province (Turkey) with two new records, pp. 31-42 in Phytotaxa 547 (1) on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.547.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6555885, {"references":["Ejale, A. U. & Gill, L. S. (1991) Identification of Myxomycetes (Order Liceales) from Bendel state Nigeria II. Korean Journal of Mycology 19 (4): 250 - 252.","Vlasenko, A. V., Novozhilov, Y. K., Shchepin, O. N. & Vlasenko, V. A. (2016) Hydrochory as certain mode of distribution of myxomycetes along floodlands in South of Western Siberia. Mikologiya I Fitopatologiya 50 (1): 14 - 23.","Martin, G. W. & Alexopoulos, C. J. (1969) The Myxomycetes. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City, 560 pp.","Neubert, H., Nowotny, W. & Baumann, K. (1993) Die Myxomyceten (Band I). Karlheinz Baumann Verlag Gomaringen.","Estrada-Torres, A., Wrigley de Basanta, D., Conde, E. & Lado, C. (2009) Myxomycetes associated with dryland ecosystems of the Tehuacan-Cuicatlan Valley Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. Fungal Diversity 36: 17 - 56.","Ramirez-Ortega, J. M., Estrada-Torres, A. & De Luna, E. (2017) A comparative SEM study of morphological characters in Cribraria. Mycotaxon 132: 391 - 419. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.5248 / 132.391"]}

Physarum nivale (Meyl.) Mar. Mey. & Poulain (Fig. 4) (new record) Description:— Fructification sporocarps and highly clustered short plasmodiocarps sessile, irregularly round, 0.7–1.5 mm, sometimes curved kidney-shaped, or rarely short plasmodiocarps, 1.5–3 mm long, worm-shaped, base usually clearly indented. Sporotheca subglobous, more or less deformed by pressure of the group. Hypothallus indistinct. Peridium quite variable, with distinct limestone and whitish, or sometimes irregular scale-like, easily detachable lime flakes, sometimes completely free of lime, then shiny metallic blue or grey and looking like a sedentary species of Lamproderma, simple, like a calcified layer and rough, something greyish white, translucent, shiny membrane, more or less densely covered with calcareous scales. Columela absent. Capillitium well developed, a clear physaroid network of larger, round or elongated calcareous nodes and colourless, calcareous threads, densely networked, sometimes completely without calcareous nodes if there is a lack of calcareous tissue, formed by nodules of white lime, large, angular, grouped, sometimes forming a pseudocolumella, nodes profuse, consisting of very small, tight granules. Spores in mass dark brown. Spores sometimes almost blackish in transmitted light brown to dark brown, on one side ± significantly lighter and with a thinner wall in the area of the germ pore, always round, sometimes with indistinct groups of darker ones, 9–11 µm, warty or spinous. Specimen examined:— Adana, Karataş on debris, moist chamber, 36° 33’ N- 35° 23’ E, 16 m, 4 Nov. 2019, Baba 80. Distribution:— Germany. Comments:— This species is similar to P. vernum but this usually has lighter spores that are evenly light brown in colour in transmitted light, plasmodiocarps and a rather reddish-brown mass of spores under magnification (Kuhnt 2014). Poulain et al. (2011) separated this taxon from P. vernum by greyish colour of the peridium covered by scattered lime flakes, the darker spore mass, a well developed badhamioid capillitium with large, angular nodes densely stuffed with granules (0.5–2 μm in diam.) which are not very distinct in outline and the appearance of the spores which are darker but have a paler side and show a more regular ornamentation of warts (Novozhilov et al. 2013). The main features are the occurrence in the nivicolous environment, more rounded sporocarps in outline, absence of extensive plasmodiocarps, very dark spore mass under the microscope and spores which are lighter on one side., Published as part of Baba, Hayri & Sevindik, Mustafa, 2022, Myxomycetes diversity in Adana Province (Turkey) with two new records, pp. 31-42 in Phytotaxa 547 (1) on page 39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.547.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6555885, {"references":["Kuhnt, A. (2014) Bemerkenswerte, Schleimpilze (Amoebozoa, Myxomycetes) aus Deutschland: Neu- und Wiederfunde seltener Arten. Berichte der Bayerischen Botanischen Gesellschaft 84: 39 - 64.","Poulain, M., Meyer, M. & Bozonnet, J. (2011) Les Myxomycetes. Federation Mycologique et Botanique Dauphine-Savoie. Sevrier Pl 215: 406.","Novozhilov, Y. K., Schnittler, M., Erastova, D. A., Okun, M. V., Schepin, O. N. & Heinrich, E. (2013) Diversity of nivicolous myxomycetes of the Teberda State Biosphere Reserve (Northwestern Caucasus, Russia). Fungal Diversity 59: 109 - 130. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13225 - 012 - 0199 - 0"]}

Myxomycetes have been mentioned in Australian newspapers since at least 1862, but in a fairly small number of articles, most of which say little. In this note, I give a brief account of what Australian newspapers said about these organisms up to 1950.

Diacheopsis cinerea A. Vlasenko & V. Vlasenko, sp. nov. (Figs 1A–E, 2A–J) Index Fungorum number: IF557664; Facesoffungi number: FoF 08147 Sporocarps sessile, cylindrical, about 0.7–0.9 mm in diam. and 0.9–1.1 mm in total height, gregarious, scattered or in small groups of 2–8, drab grey, beige, densely clustered. Peridium single, membranous, translucent below, more dense at the top, fugacious above, persisting as a deep cup at the base; transparent, very light, with a slight greyish colour (in transmitted light) in the lower and lateral parts of the sporocarps; in the apex of sporotheca it is light-ocher, transparent (in transmitted light); it is often common in adjacent sporocarps, but with preservation of the side walls between adjacent sporocarps. Dehiscence is apical irregular. After the complete destruction of sporocarps, basal rings remain attached to the substrate. Columella absent. Capillitium dark violet-brown, with expanded nodes of dark brown colour, branched and anastomosed, arising from the base and forming a network connected to the peridium and the base of sporotheca by paler tips. Hypothallus continuous under the group (confluent), thin, light-coloured. Spore-mass dark brown to dark. Spores globose, 10.5–13.0 µm diam. including ornamentation, densely and uniformly covered by warts up to 0.4 µm in total height. In SEM, the ornamentation appears as dense, abundant and regularly distributed, well-developed, coralloid projections on the apex of each wart. Plasmodium not seen. Etymology:— Referring to the colour of sporocarps. Type:— RUSSIA. Altai Territory: near Losikha railway station, dry pine forest, on a fallen tree of Pinus sylvestris, 8 July 2009, leg. A. Vlasenko and V. Vlasenko, NSK 1030140 (holotype), GenBank SSU: MT 386336. Additional specimen examined:— RUSSIA. Altai Territory: near Losikha railway station, pine forest, on dead wood of Pinus sylvestris, 26 August 2019, leg. A. Vlasenko and V. Vlasenko, NSK 1030138 (paratype). Ecology:— Xylobiont. Distribution:— Known only from type locality. Comments:— Phylogenetically, Diacheopsis cinerea grouped with Lamproderma echinosporum and L. gulielmae. We have received data that other species of Diacheopsis are phylogenetically similar to those of the genus Lamproderma (Fig. 3). Diacheopsis metallica is closest to L. cristatum, while D. pauxilla is closest to L. sauteri and L. ovoideoechinulatum. Similar to Lamproderma, the morphological genus Diacheopsis consists of several separate phylogenetic lines. At the same time, the species that represent different phylogenetic lines demonstrate morphological similarities. Classification of the family Stemonitidaceae is not developed and is based on morphological features. Based on a complex of morphological features, we assigned the new species to the genus Diacheopsis. Diacheopsis cinerea has a warty ornamentation of spores, which brings it close to the group of species that have spores with warts: D. laxifila, D. minuta, D. mitchellii, D. pieninica, D. rigidifila, D. vermicularis, D. griseobrunnea and D. serpula. Spores of D. mithellii are very large, 20–21 µm in diam., covered with long spines or warted, about 1 mm in length and with tips that appear frayed under SEM. In comparison, the spores of D. cinerea are significantly smaller, 10.5–13.0 µm in diam., densely and uniformly covered with warts that are up to 0.4 µm in total height. By SEM, their ornamentation consists of dense, abundant, regularly distributed and well-developed coralloid projections on the apex of each wart. Spores of D. pieninica, D. rigidifila, and D. griseobrunnea are less than 9 µm in diam. (spores of D. cinerea are larger than 10 µm in diam.). Spores of D. laxifila are united into clusters while spores of D. cinerea are free. Sporocarps of D. minuta are very small, 0.2–0.4 mm in total height, of bronze colour while sporocarps of D. cinerea are 2–3 mm in total height, and grey-beige in colour. In D. serpula, elongated plasmodiocarps are predominant in the colony but in D. cinerea, sessile sporangia are predominant. Capillitium of D. serpula is without extensions while that of D. cinerea is with numerous filmy brown extensions. Capillitial nodes of D. vermicularis are rounded but in D. cinerea they are triangular and quadrilateral. The capillitial threads of D. vermicularis are colorless or grey and in D. cinerea they are dark violet-brown, and only the ends of threads by which they are attached to the base of sporocarp and peridium are light. The spores of D. vermicularis are light brown, with dark areas consisting of groups of warts (in transmitted light); those of D. cinerea are brown, and evenly ornamented with warts. In shape and size of sporocarps, the new species resembles D. insessa and D. nannengae, but it differs significantly by the structure of capillitium, size of the spores and their ornamentation. Spores of D. insessa are 16–22 µm in diam. and ornamented with long spines while the spores of D. cinerea are less than 14 µm in diam., and ornamented by warts. Spores of D. nannengae are ornamented with short spines while spores of D. cinerea have long warts up to 0.4 µm in total height. The capillitium of D. nannengae arises only from the base of sporotheca but in D. cinerea it arises from the base and forms a network connected by paler tips to the peridium and the base of sporotheca. Samples of D. cinerea were first found by us in 2009 in dry pine forests in the northern part of the “Verkhneobsky pine forest”, located on the right bank of Priobsky Plateau. Diacheopsis cinerea was collected there again 10 years later, which indicates the existence of a stable community of the species. The fructification of the species was observed after prolonged rains., Published as part of Vlasenko, Anastasia V., Vlasenko, Vyacheslav A. & Kabilov, Marsel R., 2022, A new species of Diacheopsis from Russia, pp. 193-200 in Phytotaxa 541 (2) on pages 195-199, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/6388795, {"references":["Tamura, K. & Nei, M. (1993) Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Molecular Biology and Evolution 10: 512 - 526. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / oxfordjournals. molbev. a 040023"]}

Diacheopsis is a small genus of myxomycetes with about 18 species reported around the world. Diacheopsis species are recorded in Eurasia, North and South America, Australia and New Zealand. A new species of Diacheopsis from coniferous forest of Asian part of Russia is described and illustrated. The new species occurred on a dead tree of Pinus sylvestris. It differs from all known species of the genus Diacheopsis in the sporocarps being drab grey, beige colours and the spores have warts up to 0.4 µm in total height. By SEM observations the warts are dense, abundant and regularly distributed, well-developed, with coralloid projections on the apex of each wart. Sequences for SSU rDNA of the new Diacheopsis species were generated. Preliminary phylogenetic analyses based on partial 18S rDNA sequences support the establishment of the new species.

* Licea craterioides Yamamoto (1991: 12). Fig. 6. Description:���Sporocarps scattered or in small groups, sessile, short cylindrical to subglobose, 200���290 ��m in height, 140���280 ��m in diameter, narrowed downward, grayish olive (110) to almost black (267). Peridium covered with refuse matter, the inner surface bears small warts, that are often connected by thin ridges forming an incomplete net of irregular branched lines. Dehiscence circumscissile by preformed lid on the apex. Lid often darker than the rest of peridium. Spores from dark brown to almost black in mass, grayish greenish yellow (105) to dark grayish olive (111) by transmitted light, with paler area, (12.5���) 13.5���14.8 (���15.2) ��m in diameter, smooth. Material examined:��� LOC 32 (MYX 10060). Habitat:���bark of living trees (Syringa amurensis), pH: 5.23 (n = 1). Distribution:��� Japan (Yamamoto 1991), Far East of Russia. Notes:���This rare species was described from Japan (Yamamoto 1991) and this is the first record made outside of that country. The key features of L. craterioides are small dark sessile sporocarps, usually short and cylindrical with a preformed operculum, which reminds of the members of the genus Craterium, finely warted surface of the inner peridium, and smooth spores. Our specimen consists of a few sporocarps and has slightly larger spores than it was indicated in the original description (12.5���15.2 ��m vs. 11���12.7) but does not differ by any other features. L. craterioides can be distinguished from L. parasitica on the basis of the sporocarp shape (short cylindrical vs. pulvinate). The inner peridium ornamentation of the both species is similar by transmitted light, but is different by scanning electron micrograph. L. parasitica has individual scattered warts (Fig. 10 E), whereas L. craterioides has warts connected by thin ridges or fused (Fig. 6 D)., Published as part of Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I. & Novozhilov, Yuri K., 2022, Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species, pp. 21-48 in Phytotaxa 541 (1) on page 28, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6375126

* Licea pseudoconica Keller & Brooks (1977: 678). Fig. 13. Description:���Sporocarps scattered, sessile, hemispherical to globose, but look more or less conical due to the accumulation of light refuse matter, partially crystalline, at the top of sporocarps (occasionally such a cap is missing), brownish-black (65) to black (267), 55���80 ��m in total height, 40���60 ��m wide. Peridium membranous, translucent, outside covered by refuse matter. Inner peridium surface warted, under SEM covered by large rounded warts, sometimes merging in groups of 2���5. Dehiscence irregular or more or less circumscissile to the sporocarp base. Spores almost black in mass, light olive to moderate olive (106 to 107) by transmitted light, with paler area on one side, (12.2���) 12.6���13.8 (���14.2) ��m in diameter, smooth. Plasmodium not observed. Material examined:��� LOC 2 (MYX 11280, MYX 11286, MYX 11288, MYX 11298, MYX 11305, MYX 11310), LOC 11 (MYX 10210). Habitat:���bark of living trees (Chosenia arbutifolia), pH: 6.40���7.31 (n = 7). Distribution:��� USA and Mexico (Keller & Brooks 1977), France (Lado 1994), Belize (Ing & Hynes 1999), Tanzania (Mitchell & Stampfer 2004), Japan (Yamamoto 2006), Cuba (Camino et al. 2008), southern Vietnam (Novozhilov, pers. obs.) and eastern Russia. Notes:���Our specimens have slightly larger spores than indicated in the original description (12.6���13.8 ��m vs. 9.5���11 ��m), but otherwise they are fully consistent with it (Keller & Brooks 1977). The most characteristic feature of L. pseudoconica is hemispherical to spherical black sporocarps, which however appear almost conical due to the light-colored cap of refuse matter. For this reason, Keller and Braun (1977) figuratively compared the sporocarps of L. pseudoconica to ���miniature snow-capped mountains���.Due to its small size and similarity with ascomycete perithecia, this species can often be overlooked by researchers., Published as part of Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I. & Novozhilov, Yuri K., 2022, Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species, pp. 21-48 in Phytotaxa 541 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6375126, {"references":["Keller, H. W. & Brooks, T. E. (1977) Corticolous Myxomycetes VII: contribution toward a monograph of Licea, five new species. Mycologia 69: 667 - 684. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00275514.1977.12020111","Lado, C. (1994) A checklist of myxomycetes of the Mediterranean countries. Mycotaxon 52: 117 - 185.","Mitchell, D. W. & Stampfer, J. F. (2004) Some Myxomycetes from Tanzania. Systematics and Geography of Plants 74: 291 - 293.","Camino, M., Moreno, G., Castillo, A., Mitchell, D. W. & Minter, D. W. (2008) Additions to the myxomycete biota of Cuba. 1. Mycotaxon 106: 75 - 102.","Keller, H. W. & Braun, K. L. (1977) Myxomycetes of Mexico II. Boletin de la Sociedad Mexicana de Micologia 11: 167 - 180."]}

Licea belmontiana Nannenga-Bremekamp (1966: 337). Fig. 3. Description:���Sporocarps scattered or in sparse groups, sessile, polygonal, 45���75 (���105) ��m in diameter, dark brown (56 to 59), somewhat shiny. Peridium with small amount of granular inclusions, translucent, pale yellowish-brown (89 to 76) by transmitted light. Margins of peridial plates often uneven or minutely crenulate, without warts and tubercles. Dehiscence along preformed ridges. Spores dark brown in mass, light olive-brown (94) with a pale area by transmitted light, (10.3���) 11.7���13.3 (���14.0) ��m in diameter, smooth. Material examined:��� LOC 2 (MYX 11323), LOC 39 (MYX 11326). Habitat:���bark of living trees (Chosenia arbutifolia), pH: 7.09���7.31 (n = 2). Notes:���This species can be recognized by small, slightly shiny sporocarps, peridial plates without warts and outgrowths, and smooth spores approximately 13 ��m in diameter (Nannenga-Bremekamp 1966)., Published as part of Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I. & Novozhilov, Yuri K., 2022, Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species, pp. 21-48 in Phytotaxa 541 (1) on pages 26-27, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6375126, {"references":["Nannenga-Bremekamp, N. E. (1966) Notes on Myxomycetes X. Some new species of Licea, Reticularia, Cribraria, Dictydiaethalium, Trichia and Metatrichia. Proceedings van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Section C 69: 336 - 349."]}

Licea pedicellata (Gilbert 1934: 153) Gilbert in Martin (1942: 702). Fig. 11. Description:���Sporocarps black (267), about 450-520 ��m in total height, stalk thick, wrinkled. Stalk continuous with outer peridium. Inner peridium surface warted. Dehiscence into irregular platelets. Spores yellowish brown (74 to 76) by transmitted light, (10.2���) 10.9���11.8 (���12) ��m in diameter, minutely rough by transmitted light, densely covered by small warts under SEM. Material examined:���LOC 22 (MYX 10485). Habitat:���bark of living trees (Quercus mongolica), pH: 5.84 (n = 1). Notes:���The shape of sporocarps of Licea pedicellata is similar to L. rugosa but differs from the former by its finely and densely warted spores (Novozhilov et al. 2017; Figs. 15), which are completely smooth (Fig. 17 J, M) in L. rugosa. Additionally, our specimen of L. pedicellata has larger sporocarps than was noted in the description of L. rugosa (Nannenga-Bremekamp & Yamamoto 1987; Wrigley de Basanta & Lado 2005). This species was previously found in Primorsky Krai (Russia) in the Sikhote-Alin State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Novozhilov et al. 2017)., Published as part of Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I. & Novozhilov, Yuri K., 2022, Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species, pp. 21-48 in Phytotaxa 541 (1) on page 33, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6375126, {"references":["Gilbert, H. C. (1934) Three new species of Myxomycetes. University of Iowa Studies in Natural History 16: 153 - 159.","Martin, G. W. (1942) Taxonomic notes on Myxomycetes Mycologia 34: 696 - 704. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00275514.1942.12020937","Novozhilov, Y. K., Schnittler, M., Erastova, D. A. & Shchepin, O. N. (2017) Myxomycetes of the Sikhote-Alin State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia). Nova Hedwigia 104: 183 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / nova _ hedwigia / 2016 / 0394","Nannenga-Bremekamp, N. E. & Yamamoto, Y. (1987) Additions to the Myxomycetes of Japan III. Proceedings van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Section C 90: 311 - 349."]}

* Licea atricapilla Nannenga-Bremekamp & Yamamoto (1983: 208). Fig. 2. Description:���Sporocarps scattered, stalked or rarely sessile, subglobose, usually iridescent excepting a mostly dark apical disk of refuse matter, 105���210 ��m in total height, 105���145 ��m in diameter. Peridium membranous, outer surface shining, covered on the top by a blackish (65) or rarely lighter cap of refuse matter. Inner peridium surface minutely warted. Dehiscence irregular or nearly circumscissile. Stalk black (267), usually ranges from 1/3 to 1/2 of the total height, but sometimes very short or almost absent. Spores almost black in mass, pale to dark olivaceous-brown (94 to 96) by transmitted light, spore wall with a thinner pale area, (11.1���) 11.5���13.0 (���13.6) ��m in diameter, smooth. Material examined:��� LOC 2 (MYX 11289, MYX 11300), LOC 11 (MYX 10203), LOC 17 (MYX 10170, MYX 11314). Habitat:���bark of living trees (Chosenia arbutifolia), pH: 6.57���6.94 (n = 5). Distribution:��� Japan (Nannenga-Bremekamp & Yamamoto 1983; Yamamoto 1998), Far East of Russia (approximately 1000 km northwest of the type location in Japan). Notes:���Our specimens are fully consistent with the original description (Nannenga-Bremekamp & Yamamoto 1983), although they have slightly smaller sporocarps (105���210 ��m in total height vs. 260 ��m). Licea metallica D. Wrigley, T.W. Ko Ko, W.C. Rosing & S.L. Stephenson, described from northern Laos (Wrigley de Basanta et al. 2017) and L. iridescens H.W. Keller & V.M. Marshall, described from the USA (Keller & Marshall 2019), are similar to L. atricapilla (Table 1). Licea metallica, according to the original description, differs from L. atricapilla by subsessile sporocarps, light apical disc, and irregular dehiscence. However, our Licea atricapilla specimens, along with typical sporocarps on short stalks (Fig. 2, A, B, D, and E), have several subsessile sporocarps (Fig. 2 C and F), and some specimens have not black but lighter-colored apical disc (Fig. 2 A). The sessile form of L. atricapilla also occurs among Japanese specimens (Yamamoto, 1998, p. 136). The dehiscence type in our specimens is unclear, but appears not to be distinctly ring-shaped. The original description of Licea iridescens does not provide any features distinguishing this species from Licea atricapilla. However, analyzing the description and illustrations, it appears that this species has both sporocarps on short stalks and sessile forms (Keller & Marshall, 2019, Figs. 4 F and 6 A). Additionally, the apical disk can be either almost black or lighter-colored, orange-brown (l.c., Fig., 3 F, 4 C, 6 C). Crystal inclusions in the peridium occur both in L. iridescens (l.c., Fig. 4 A) and in L. atricapilla (Fig. 2 A). The microhabitats of L. atricapilla, L. metallica, and L. iridescens are also similar. Our L. atricapilla specimens were obtained in a moist chamber on the bark of Chosenia arbutifolia with pH 6.57���6.94 (mean = 6,79). L. metallica was found on the bark of unidentified trees with pH 5.0���6.5 (mean = 5.9) (Wrigley de Basanta et al. 2017). In the original descriptions of L. atricapilla and L. iridescens, no data are given on pH of the bark of Cinnamomum camphora and Ulmus americana, respectively; however, according to other studies from the adjacent geographical regions, pH of Cinnamomum camphora is 5.2���7.9 (mean = 6.6) (Takahashi 2014) and pH of Ulmus americana about 7.0 (Parker & Keller 2003 as cited by Kilgore et al. 2008). Therefore, all three species apparently prefer the bark of deciduous trees with pH ~ 6���7. Other features such as characteristics of the outer and inner peridia, size, color, and ornamentation of the spores, height and diameter of the sporocarps, also do not differ significantly between these three species (Table 1). All characteristics vary within a common range. However, we consider L. metallica and L. iridescens as separate morphological species, until a comparison of marker gene sequences and morphological features of our and/or type specimens of L. atricapilla from Japan with the type specimens of L. metallica and L. iridescens are made., Published as part of Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I. & Novozhilov, Yuri K., 2022, Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species, pp. 21-48 in Phytotaxa 541 (1) on pages 23-26, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6375126, {"references":["Nannenga-Bremekamp, N. E. & Yamamoto, Y. (1983) Additions to the Myxomycetes of Japan. I. Proceedings van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Section C 82: 207 - 241.","Keller, H. W. & Marshall, V. M. (2019) A new iridescent corticolous myxomycete species (Licea: Liceaceae: Liceales) and crystals on American elm tree bark in Texas, U. S. A. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 13: 367 - 386.","Takahashi, K. (2014) Influence of bark characteristics on the occurrence of corticolous myxomycetes in western Japan. Journal of Japanese Botany 89: 35 - 47.","Parker, E. E. & Keller, H. W. (2003) Correlation of pH with assemblages of corticolous myxomycetes. Journal of the McNair Central Achievers Program, University of Central Missouri 12: 4 - 8.","Kilgore, C. M., Keller, H. W., Everhart, S. E. Scarborough, A. R., Snell, K. L., Skrabal, M. S., Pottorff, C. & Ely, J. S. (2008) Tree canopy research and student experiences using the doubled rope climbing method. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 2: 1309 - 1336."]}

Licea rugosa Nannenga-Bremekamp & Yamamoto (1987: 326) Fig. 17. Description:���Sporocarps black (267), stalked, about 140���270 ��m in total height. Sporotheca 90���140 ��m in diameter. Inner peridium warted, dehiscence along preformed lines into irregular fragments. Stalk about 70���150 ��m, thick, wrinkled. Spores dark brown to black in mass, dark olivaceous (108) by transmitted light, paler on one side, (10.7���) 12.5���15.7 (���17.2) ��m in diameter, smooth. Material examined:��� LOC 2 (MYX 11295, MYX 11301, MYX 11307), LOC 10 (recorded only by photo), LOC 11 (MYX 10196, MYX 10202, MYX 10209), LOC 16 (MYX 10147), LOC 37 (MYX 10028). Habitat:���bark of living trees (Acer mandshuricum, Chosenia arbutifolia, Kalopanax septemlobus, Quercus mongolica and Ulmus japonica), pH: 6.40���7.27 (n = 9). Notes:���This species has recently been found in the Russian Far East (Novozhilov et al., 2017). The specimen MYX 10196 is identified as L. rugosa var. fujiokana. It has smaller (9.6���10.6 ��m) and slightly light colored spores than L. rugosa var. rugosa, which is the main distinguishing feature of this variety (Wrigley de Basanta & Lado 2005) (compare Fig. 17 J and K). L. rugosa var. fujiokana has sporocarps 120���195 ��m in height, stalk 70���120 ��m in height, and sporotheca 60���80 ��m in diameter. The peridium surface in the dry state is more wrinkled than that the one in L. rugosa var. rugosa (compare Fig. 17 A���C and D���H)., Published as part of Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I. & Novozhilov, Yuri K., 2022, Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species, pp. 21-48 in Phytotaxa 541 (1) on pages 38-40, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6375126, {"references":["Nannenga-Bremekamp, N. E. & Yamamoto, Y. (1987) Additions to the Myxomycetes of Japan III. Proceedings van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Section C 90: 311 - 349.","Novozhilov, Y. K., Schnittler, M., Erastova, D. A. & Shchepin, O. N. (2017) Myxomycetes of the Sikhote-Alin State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia). Nova Hedwigia 104: 183 - 209. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / nova _ hedwigia / 2016 / 0394"]}

Licea biforis Morgan (1893: 131). Fig. 4. Habitat:���bark of living trees (Betula cf. lanata, Tilia amurensis), pH: 5.30���5.75 (n = 2). Material examined:��� LOC 14 (the herbarium specimen is absent, since it was recorded only on the basis of sporocarp photographs which clear show all typical morphological features of this species), LOC 23 (MYX 10115). Notes:���This species is easily distinguished by its elongated sessile sporocarps, which dehisce in two halves along the apical longitudinal line, and, globose to oval light yellow verruculose spores 10.1���14.3 ��m in diameter., Published as part of Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I. & Novozhilov, Yuri K., 2022, Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species, pp. 21-48 in Phytotaxa 541 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6375126, {"references":["Morgan, A. P. (1893) The myxomycetes of the Miami valley, Ohio. Journal of Cincinnati Society of Natural History 15: 127 - 143."]}

Licea kleistobolus G.W. Martin (1942: 702). Fig. 7. Material examined:��� LOC 2 (MYX 11292), LOC 17 (only record and photograph), LOC 24 (MYX 11322), LOC 27 (MYX 11319), LOC 28 (MYX 11133). Habitat:���bark of living trees (Abies holophylla, Chosenia arbutifolia and Pinus koraiensis), pH: 4.06���6.94 (n = 5). Notes:���Our specimens have all the typical features of this species: small sessile, round or oval when seen from above, sporocarps 80���105 ��m in diameter with a noticeable operculum that has metallic sheen, an inner peridium with large rounded warts and elongated protuberances, and spores with groups of warts 8.9���10.7 ��m in diameter (Martin 1942; Martin & Alexopoulos 1969)., Published as part of Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I. & Novozhilov, Yuri K., 2022, Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species, pp. 21-48 in Phytotaxa 541 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6375126, {"references":["Martin, G. W. (1942) Taxonomic notes on Myxomycetes Mycologia 34: 696 - 704. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00275514.1942.12020937","Martin, G. W. & Alexopoulos, C. J. (1969) The Myxomycetes. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City, 561 pp."]}

* Licea mariae Bortnikov sp. nov. Fig. 8. Mycobank: MB 834433 Holotype: MYX 11149, RUSSIAN FEDERATION, KPSNBR, N 43��06���45.0������ E 131��26���48.9������, coniferous forest, on the bark of living Abies holophylla, in mcc, pH=5.31, bark sampling 13 August 2017, mcc starting 09 February 2018, sporocarps sampling 27 April 2018, leg. Bortnikov F. M. Paratypes: LE 327753, KPSNBR, the same locality, and substrate sample, but mcc starting 03 October 2019, sporocarps sampling 20 December 2019, leg. Bortnikov F. M.; MYX 8202, KPSNBR, N 43��06���08.2������ E 131��34���04.2������, oak forest, on the bark of living Quercus mongolica, in mcc, bark sampling 21 July 2016, mcc starting 14 September2016, sporocarps sampling 13 October 2016, leg. Bortnikov F. M.; MYX 8203, KPSNBR, N 43��06���08.2������ E 131��34���04.2������, oak forest, on the bark of living Quercus mongolica, in mcc, bark sampling 21 July 2016, mcc starting 14 September 2016, sporocarps sampling November 2016, leg. Bortnikov F. M.; MYX 10243, KPSNBR, N 43��05���23.8������ E 131��28���27.4������, oak forest, on rotten wood, in mcc, pH=4.87, wood sampling 30 July 2017, mcc starting 11 October 2018, sporocarps sampling 22 December 2018, leg. Bortnikov F. M.; MYX 11001, KPSNBR, N 43��05���35.1������ E 131��33���09.7������, oak forest, on the bark of living Quercus mongolica, in mcc, pH=6.27, bark sampling 10 August 2017, mcc starting 09 February 2018, sporocarps sampling 18 May 2018, leg. Bortnikov F. M.; MYX 11260, KPSNBR, N 43��05���54.8������ E 131��33���40.7������, oak forest, on the bark of living Quercus mongolica, in mcc, pH=6.49, bark sampling 22 August 2017, mcc starting 09 February 2018, sporocarps sampling 11 April 2018, leg. Bortnikov F. M. Etymology:���species is named after Maria P. Andreeva, who was a school biology teacher of the first author, as a symbol of his deep appreciation. Description:���Sporocarps scattered or in small groups, pulvinate, approximately 0.24���0.56 �� 0.20���0.37 mm in diameter (average 0.42 �� 0.30), black (267). Peridium outside opaque, with inclusions of granular refuse matter, dehiscence lines concolorous but distinctive. Inner peridium smooth and glossy by reflected light, finely fibrous under SEM, moderate greenish yellow (102) to light olive (106) or light olive brown (94) by transmitted light, dehiscence lines blackish green (152) to black (267). Margins of peridial plates with evenly distributed conic thickenings about 2 ��m in height. The teeth of adjacent plates connected by apexes in a way of a zipper. Dehiscence along preformed lines. Peridial plates 4 to 8. Spores brilliant yellow (83) to strong yellow (84) in mass, almost colorless or barely pigmented by transmitted light, thinner-walled on one side, globose, (13���) 14.5���16.5 (���17.5) ��m in diameter (mean: 15.48, SD: 0.99, n = 94), smooth. Plasmodium not observed. Material examined:��� LOC 3 (MYX 8202, MYX 8203), LOC 14 (MYX 10243), LOC 22 (MYX 11001), LOC 28 (MYX 11149, LE 327753), LOC 38 (MYX 11260). Habitat:���bark of living trees (Quercus mongolica, Abies holophylla) and rotten wood (in oak forest), pH: 4.87��� 6.49 (n = 5). Distribution:���known only from the type territory. Notes:���The main distinguishing features of the new species are matte black sporocarps, large smooth spores, which are golden yellow in mass, and the peridium dehiscence by plates with zip-like junctions and conical spines on the edges. The most morphologically similar species is L. castanea G. Lister, which also has peridium composed of plates and light-colored spores, but differs from L. mariae by the color of the peridium, which is chestnut brown (instead of black) and bears light-colored dehiscence lines, and smaller spores (8���12 ��m vs. 13���17 in L. mariae) (Lister 1911; Martin & Alexopoulos 1969, see also Fig. 5). Additionally, in our specimens of L. castanea the inner peridium surface is coarser than the one of L. mariae which is finely fibrous under SEM (compare Fig. 5 I and Fig. 8 H���I). L. belmontiana Nann. -Bremek., L. deplanata Kowalski, and L. tuberculata G.W. Martin also have sessile sporocarps with peridium that dehisces along preformed lines and smooth spores. However, L. belmontiana has more than two times smaller, shiny, not matte sporocarps, 0.05-0.15 mm in diameter (vs. 0.24-0.56 mm of L. mariae), dark-brown, not golden-yellow spores, thinner peridium and irregular smooth peridial plates margins without any warts or outgrowths (Nannenga-Bremekamp 1966). In KPSNBR we found the specimens of L. belmontiana, which correspond well to the original description (Nannenga-Bremekamp 1966) and have evident differences from L. mariae (compare Figs. 3 and 8). Furthermore, they were never recorded from the same type of substrate: L. mariae was discovered on the bark of Quercus mongolicum and Abies holophylla and once on rotten wood in the oak forest, pH=4.87-6.49, whereas L. belmontiana was found on the bark of Chosenia arbutifolia with pH=7.09- 7.31. L. deplanata differs from L. mariae by extremely flattened, not pulvinate sporocarps, peridial plate margins, decorated with several rows of gradually diminishing papillae, not huge conical outgrowths as in L. mariae (compare Fig. 8 and Kowalski 1970, Fig. 1���3) and smaller spores (11���13 ��m vs. 13.5-17.5) (Kowalski 1970). What is more, we have never observed L. mariae on leaf litter, which is the preferred substrate type of L. deplanata (Kowalski 1970). L. tuberculata has smaller dark brown spores 10���11 ��m in diameter and tuberous surface of the outer peridium layer (Martin 1957; Lakhanpal et al. 1990). L. punctiformis G.W. Martin and L. tenera E. Jahn have irregular dehiscence of sporocarps and golden-yellow spores in mass, which are ornamented with small spines (Martin & Alexopoulos 1969)., Published as part of Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I. & Novozhilov, Yuri K., 2022, Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species, pp. 21-48 in Phytotaxa 541 (1) on pages 29-31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6375126, {"references":["Lister, G. (1911) Two new species of Mycetozoa. Journal of Botany British and Foreign 49: 61 - 62.","Martin, G. W. & Alexopoulos, C. J. (1969) The Myxomycetes. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City, 561 pp.","Nannenga-Bremekamp, N. E. (1966) Notes on Myxomycetes X. Some new species of Licea, Reticularia, Cribraria, Dictydiaethalium, Trichia and Metatrichia. Proceedings van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Section C 69: 336 - 349.","Kowalski, D. T. (1970) A new foliicolous species of Licea. Mycologia 62: 1057 - 1061. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00275514.1970.12019047","Martin, G. W. (1957) A new species of Licea from Panama. Mycologia 49: 439 - 440. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3755696","Lakhanpal, T. N., Nannenga-Bremekamp, N. E. & Chopra, R. K. (1990) Notes on Licea (Myxomycetes) from India. Proceedings van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Section C 93: 253 - 264."]}

Licea parasitica (Zukal 1893: 73) Martin (1942: 702). Fig. 10. Material examined:��� LOC 3 (MYX 8199, MYX 8200), LOC 5 (only as the specimen photograph), LOC 11 (MYX 10191, MYX 10193), LOC 13 (MYX 10224, MYX 10229), LOC 14 (MYX 10122, MYX 10125, MYX 10370, MYX 10381, MYX 10383), LOC 22 (MYX 10110), LOC 28 (MYX 11135, MYX 11145), LOC 34 (MYX 10079, MYX 10082, MYX 10085, MYX 10087). Habitat:���bark of living trees (Abies nephrolepis, Acer mandshuricum, Betula cf. lanata, B. mandshurica, Phellodendron amurense, Pinus koraiensis, and Quercus mongolica), pH: 4.33���5.97 (n = 17). Notes:���This common species is easily recognized by small flattened black sporocarps with a distinct operculum of the same color and by smooth spores (10.7���) 12.7���16.5 (���17.5) ��m in diameter with unevenly thickened walls., Published as part of Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I. & Novozhilov, Yuri K., 2022, Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species, pp. 21-48 in Phytotaxa 541 (1) on page 33, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6375126, {"references":["Martin, G. W. (1942) Taxonomic notes on Myxomycetes Mycologia 34: 696 - 704. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00275514.1942.12020937"]}

* Licea synchrysospora Bortnikov sp. nov. Fig. 18, 19 Mycobank MB 834434 Holotype:��� MYX 11315, RUSSIAN FEDERATION, Primorsky Krai, KPSNBR, N 43��05���48.1������ E 131��33���30.9������, floodplain forest, on the bark of living Chosenia arbutifolia, in mcc, pH=7.09, bark sampling 22 August 2017, mcc starting 31 October 2017, sporocarps sampling January 2018, leg. Bortnikov F. M. Paratypes:��� LE 327752, the same territory, locality and substrate sample, but mcc starting 3 October 2019, sporocarps sampling 07 December 2019, leg. Bortnikov F. M.; LE 327751, the same territory, N 43��06���37.7������ E 131��25���18.1������, coniferous forest, on the bark of living Kalopanax septemlobus, in mcc, pH=7.06, bark sampling 19 August 2017, mcc starting 03 October 2019, sporocarps sampling 20 December 2019, leg. Bortnikov F. M. Etymology:���from Greek: ������, together, ����υ����ς, gold, and ����������, seed, due to of the golden-yellow clustered spores. Description:���Sporocarps scattered, pulvinate, almost rounded to slightly oval when viewed from above, 0.18��� 0.42 mm in diameter (average 0.29 mm). Peridium black (267), and very often peridium surface with band-shaped deposits of granular material, that are brownish orange (54) to dark orange yellow (72). Peridium by transmitted light strong yellowish brown (74) to strong brown (55) with darker bands of granular matter and black dehiscence lines. Inner peridium smooth and shining by reflected light, but covered with numerous small warts with small smooth areas (probably at the points of contact with spores) under SEM. Peridial plates margins almost smooth, slightly wavy or covered with small thickenings, occasionally with very small conical outgrowths. Dehiscence along preformed lines. Spores in mass brilliant yellow (83) to yellow (84), sometimes fading to yellowish brown (74 to 75) in the herbarium, grayish olive (109) to almost colorless by transmitted light, slightly thinner-walled on one side, globose, adhering in clusters of 5���15 spores, which are rarely loose and easily disintegrate, individual spores (9.8���) 10.2���11.2 (���11.7) ��m in diameter (Mean: 10.74, SD: 0.51, n = 60), almost smooth, very minutely warted by numerous small warts visible under SEM, but the smooth contact areas of the adjacent spores. Plasmodium not observed. Material examined:��� LOC 37 (LE 327751), LOC 39 (MYX 11315, LE 327752). Habitat:���bark of living trees (Chosenia arbutifolia, Kalopanax septemlobus), pH: 7.06���7.09 (n = 3). Distribution:���known only from type territory. Notes:���The main features of Licea synchrysospora are usually clustered spores that are almost smooth under LM, but distinctly finely warted under SEM; in many cases the peridium is covered with deposits of refuse matter which form lines, as well as margins of the peridial plates with rather small thickened parts. It is interesting, that the thickened part of each spore wall faces the cluster center, and the thinner part, that serves as a germination pore, is turned on the outside (Fig. 19, A-C). This peculiarity verifies the stability of the spore cluster feature. L. confundens T.N. Lakh., Nann. -Bremek. & R.K. Chopra, L. ocellata D.W. Mitch. & G. Moreno, and L. synsporos Nann. -Bremek have spores arranged in clusters. However, L. confundens has spores that are black by reflected light and purple-gray by transmitted light (Lakhanpal et al.,1990). L. ocellata has sessile sporocarps with an operculum and larger spores (11.5���13 ��m) with trihedral or tetrahedral warts (Mitchell & Moreno 2009, Fig. 13). L. synsporos is distinguished from L. synchrysospora by almost spherical sporocarp, thin membrane-like peridium with thickened smooth margins, and dark brown spores in mass (Nannenga-Bremekamp 1968). L. mariae, L. punctiformis G.W. Martin, and L. tenera E. Jahn also have golden-yellow spores in mass. L. synchrysospora can be distinguished from L. punctiformis and L. tenera on the basis of the dehiscence pattern (preformed lines vs. irregular way, Martin & Alexopoulos 1969). L. mariae differs by free larger spores, the ornamentation of the inner peridial surface (finely fibrous vs. finely warted), and the inner peridial plates margins (large conical spikes vs. small thickenings)., Published as part of Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I. & Novozhilov, Yuri K., 2022, Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species, pp. 21-48 in Phytotaxa 541 (1) on pages 40-44, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6375126, {"references":["Lakhanpal, T. N., Nannenga-Bremekamp, N. E. & Chopra, R. K. (1990) Notes on Licea (Myxomycetes) from India. Proceedings van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Section C 93: 253 - 264.","Mitchell, D. W., Moreno, G. (2009) A new species of Licea (Myxomycetes) from New Mexico. Boletin de la Sociedad Micologica de Madrid 33: 171 - 174.","Nannenga-Bremekamp, N. E. (1968) Notes on Myxomycetes. XV. New species of Oligonema, Licea, Clastoderma, Comatricha, Paradiacheopsis and Badhamia. Proceedings van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Section C 71: 41 - 51.","Martin, G. W. & Alexopoulos, C. J. (1969) The Myxomycetes. University of Iowa Press, Iowa City, 561 pp."]}

* Licea sp. Fig. 20 Description:���Sporocarps scattered, conic, very small, with a rounded base, 45���110 ��m in diameter (average around 70 ��m), dark brown (59) to brownish black (65). Peridium at the sporocarp tops covered with the refuse matter deposits and sometimes has a small ostiole; by transmitted light grayish yellow (90) to strong brown (55). Under SEM, the entire inner peridium surface irregularly decorated with warts, which are unsimilar in size and shape, margins without outgrowths and papillae. Dehiscence usually circumscissile at the sporocarp with a preformed dehiscent circumferential line, leaving an open cup of the sporocarp base and a conic peridial cap, which rarely additionally cracks along 1���2 preformed lines. Spores in mass brownish black (65), by transmitted light olive gray (113) to brownish black (65), globose, free or in easily dissociated clusters, paler on one side (with thin-walled area), 10.5���11.5 (���14) ��m in diameter, almost smooth or slightly rough by transmitted light, irregular minutely warted under SEM. Plasmodium not observed. Material examined:���LOC 16 (MYX 10270, LE 327755), LOC 25 (field specimen MYX 11329, MYX 10295, MYX 10300, LE 327754). Habitat:���rotten wood (deciduous and coniferous), pH: 4.92���5.12 (n = 5). Notes:���The main features of Licea sp. are extremely small conical sporocarps, often with an elongated top in a shape resembling Russian medieval spherical conical military helmets; peridium covered with rather thick layer of granular refuse matter (as seen under LM), predominantly ring-shaped dehiscence, and finely warted inner peridium without larger papillae along the margins of the dehiscence line. Licea sp. differs from L. pseudoconica T.E. Brooks & H.W. Keller by the sporocarps having an actually conical shape and not only appearing conical due to the accumulation of refuse matter on top of the spherical sporocarp. The morphologically closest species to Licea sp. is L. rufocuprea Nann. -Bremek. & Y. Yamam. The former one has spherical or somewhat conical sporocarps no larger than 0.1 mm in diameter, and spores ornamented with small warts. However, it differs by the color of peridium (dark hazel or reddish-copper brown vs. dark brown to brownish black in Licea sp.), the smooth inner peridium surface (but finely warted under SEM according to Wrigley de Basanta et al. 2013), and the minutely tuberculate margins on the each side of the dehiscence line between the basal ring and the upper peridium (Nannenga-Bremekamp & Yamamoto 1987, Fig. 10 C; Wrigley de Basanta et al. 2013, Fig. 34; de Lima & Cavalcanti 2017, Fig. 4 E). Nevertheless, because of the close similarity of characters, further research is needed to clarify the taxonomic status of our specimens., Published as part of Bortnikov, Fedor M., Gmoshinskiy, Vladimir I. & Novozhilov, Yuri K., 2022, Species of Licea Schrad. (Myxomycetes) in Kedrovaya Pad State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Far East, Russia), including two new species, pp. 21-48 in Phytotaxa 541 (1) on pages 44-45, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.541.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6375126, {"references":["Nannenga-Bremekamp, N. E. & Yamamoto, Y. (1987) Additions to the Myxomycetes of Japan III. Proceedings van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Section C 90: 311 - 349.","De Lima, V. X. & Cavalcanti, L. D. H. (2017) Diversity and ecology of Myxomycetes in the Pampa Biome, Brazil. Nova Hedwigia 104: 273 - 291. https: // doi. org / 10.1127 / nova _ hedwigia / 2016 / 0360"]}