Search

This study presents a novel cost-effective Fe30Ni25Cr25Mo10Al10 high-entropy alloy with a dual-phase microstructure that was processed using cyclic closed-die forging (CCDF) at room temperature for a maximum of six passes. The as-homogenized alloy exhibited [CrMoFe]-rich dendrites with dual-size morphology dispersed in an almost uniform face-centered cubic (FCC) matrix. It was found that as the number of CCDF passes increased, leading to a more homogenous nanograin, there was an accumulation of dislocations, fragmentation of [CrMoFe]-rich dendrites, and enhanced distribution within the matrix. These conditions were conducive to the creation of a nanostructured Fe30Ni25Cr25Mo10Al10 alloy with superior mechanical properties. Texture analysis indicated that the prominent texture components for the Fe30Ni25Cr25Mo10Al10 alloy after six passes were Rotated Cube {001}, S {123}, and Dillamore {4 4 11}. After the sixth CCDF pass, the Fe30Ni25Cr25Mo10Al10 alloy exhibited the highest microhardness (∼ 974 HV) and the lowest wear rate (∼ (0.8 ± 0.1) × 10–5 mm3.N−1.m−1). Additionally, it was proposed that the development of the Rotated Cube {001} texture component contributed positively to enhancing wear resistance in the cost-effective high-entropy alloys. Considering the obtained results, it is reasonable to propose that CCDF processing is significant potential for the advancement of cost-effective nanostructured high-entropy alloys for industrial applications.

Background. It is proposed to use a modified Prony algorithm based on a vector overdetermined model in problems of determining the parameters of complex-shaped signals. It is compared with the classical Prony method. The advantage of the modified Prony algorithm for measuring the parameters of signals of complex shapes is shown. The purpose of the study is to increase the accuracy of determining the parameters of signals of complex shapes. Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the Matlab environment using models of complex-shaped signals with known parameters, as well as on real signals. Results. It has been confirmed that the use of an overdetermined matrix in the Prony algorithm can significantly reduce the error in determining the attenuation coefficients compared to the use of its classical version. Conclusions. The proposed solutions using redefined models are more suitable for implementation in information-measuring systems and virtual measuring instruments.

АКТУАЛЬНОСТЬ: Разработка клинических, методических рекомендаций улучшает качество оказания медицинской помощи и снижает риск развития осложнений. ЦЕЛЬ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ: Провести анализ методических рекомендаций «Периоперационное ведение пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца», «Периоперационное ведение пациентов с сопутствующей патологией клапанного аппарата сердца» и «Периоперационное ведение пациентов с сопутствующим ожирением» с помощью модифицированного метода Дельфи. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ: Был использован модифицированный метод Дельфи с двумя раундами анкетирования для выработки единого мнения. Достижение согласия специалистов было проведено в три этапа: подготовительный этап, этап обсуждений и этап выработки консенсусного заключения. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ: При обсуждении методической рекомендации «Периоперационное ведение пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца» достигнут консенсус по 35 из 37 положений и 7 из 8 критериев качества оказания медицинской помощи. Анализ методической рекомендации «Периоперационное ведение пациентов с сопутствующей патологией клапанного аппарата сердца» показал достижение согласия по 57 из 60 положений, а также по всем 13 критериям качества оказания медицинской помощи. Обсуждение методических рекомендаций «Периоперационное ведение пациентов с сопутствующим ожирением» показало достижение по 22 из 23 положений рекомендации и по всем 5 критериям качества. ВЫВОДЫ: Результаты модифицированного дельфийского анализа, полученные независимыми экспертами, будут полезными для соавторов обсуждаемых методических рекомендаций перед плановым пересмотром.

Анафилактический шок — это серьезная опасная для жизни неотложная ситуация, которая требует быстрого распознавания, быстрого реагирования и терапии, спасающей жизнь. Поэтому анафилаксия может развиваться как в лечебном учреждении, так и вне его (амбулаторно), и к лечению этого состояния должны быть готовы врачи любых специальностей. В связи с этим в России разработаны клинические рекомендации по анафилаксии. Предыдущая редакция рекомендаций одобрена Российской ассоциацией аллергологов и клинических иммунологов и Федерацией анестезиологов и реаниматологов и утверждена на заседании Научно-практического совета Минздрава РФ (протокол № 2020 № 743/12). Во второй редакции сделаны важные уточнения в этиологии, эпидемиологии, классификации, клинике, диагностике, лечении и профилактике анафилаксии, а также конкретизированы некоторые определения для оперативного реагирования, в том числе и у пациентов с сопутствующими заболеваниями. Клинические рекомендации по анафилаксии предназначены для практикующих врачей всех специальностей, студентов и преподавателей медицинских вузов, ординаторов, аспирантов.

Objective: to characterize a group of patients with fixed drug erythema (FDE) caused by fluconazole to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the local provocative application test (LPAT) and to evaluate cross-allergenic reactivity with other antifungal drugs of the azole group.Materials and methods: a prospective study was conducted in the period from 2012 to 2022. 347 patients with delayed drug hypersensitivity (DDH) were consulted, FDE could be suspected in 86 patients (24.8%), of which 23 patients were caused by fluconazole (26.8%). We included patients with suspected fluconazole FDE (n=23). LPAT with fluconazole was performed in 12 patients, drug provocation test (DPT) with ketoconazole – 17, DPT with itraconazole – 15, DPT with fluconazole – 1.Results: the ratio of men and women was 1:6.3, the average age was 30.39±10.23 years. In 1 patient, the diagnosis of FDE caused by fluconazole was withdrawn. Number of reactions: 1 – in 2 patients (9.1%), more than one reaction – in 20 (90.9%). 4 patients (18.2%) had atopy. Sensitivity of LPAT for diagnosing DDH in FDE caused by fluconazole was 41.7%, specificity – 100%, false-negative rate – 58.3%, positive predictive value – 100%. DPT with ketoconazole, itraconazole was negative in 100% of cases.Conclusions: the results obtained allow us to conclude that FDE caused by fluconazole in the vast majority of cases developed in women aged 19 to 30 years. Since patients with FDE caused by fluconazole tolerate ketoconazole and itraconazole well, it is highly likely that they can switch from fluconazole to one of these drugs. LPAT should be used for diagnosing FDE caused by fluconazole, since it was absolutely safe for the patient and allowed avoiding DPT in 42% of patients. Importantly that the timely and correct diagnosis in more than 90% of cases, it was possible to prevent the development of a repeated reaction to fluconazole.

Oil flax seeds are valuable raw material for various industries. The purpose of the research was to form a genetic collection of oil flax for resistance to Fusarium wilt in order to create specialized varieties for various purposes with highly effective R-genes. On infectious backgrounds from populations of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. lini (Bolley) and highly virulent monoisolate No 39 of this pathogens, 28 promising genotypes of oilseed flax were assessed. Using a phytopathological test from the world gene pool of the species Linum usitatissimum L. 10 promising oil flax genotypes were identified – No. 3829, Uralsky (Russia), l. 6 AGT 1538, l. 12 AGT 987 (Czech Republic), Altess, Eole (France), Selectiong 3 (China), Arnu, Bison (USA) and Linda (Canada), which have effective resistance genes to the fungus F. oxysporum f. lini, differing in the fatty acid composition of the oil. Using the method of hybridological analysis, it has been established that resistance to Fusarium wilt in the low linolenic line l. 12 AGT 987 (Czech Republic) is determined by the Fu 11 gene, while in the high linolenic l. 3 Altess (France) it is Fu 4 (χ2 = 0.02…2.89). In the low linolenic line l. 6 AGT 1538 (Czech Republic) a previously unknown gene for resistance to this disease – Fu 12 was identified (χ2 = 0.0001…2.4100). The use of identified genetic sources in breeding programs will contribute to the creation of specialized varieties for the food, chemical and other industries with various R-genes of resistance, which will prevent the development of epiphytoties of this disease on oil flax.

The article outlines a brief historical background on the introduction to cultivation, distribution and breeding of spring durum wheat in the steppe and forest-steppe regions of Eurasia (the countries of the former USSR: Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan). The approaches and methodology for improving durum wheat during certain scientific selection periods are given. The features of the selection program implementation and the breeding scale expansion during the creation of breeding stations at the beginning of the XX century, after the end of the Great Patriotic War, in the second half of the XX century, and at present are considered. A characteristic according to the main features and properties of varieties created in different periods is given. The achievements of the classical breeding method by comparing old and new varieties are analyzed. The efficiency and rate of wheat selection by periods in different regions of Russia is estimated. The results and methods of breeding for yield, resistance to drought, leaf diseases (Stagonospora nodorum Berk., Septoria tritici (Roeb. et Desm.), Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker, Pyrenophora tritici repentis (Died.) Drechs., Fusarium sp., Puccinia titicina Eriks., Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks., Blumeria graminis (DC.) f. sp. tritici Em. Marchal), grain pathogens Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr.) and pathogens causing darkening of the corcule and endosperm (Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker, Alternaria tenuis (Nees et Fr.), Аlternaria triticina (Prasada & Prabhu)), pests (Cephus pygmeus Lens, Osinosoma frit L., Mayetiola destructor (Say)), grain quality (protein content, amount of yellow pigments, dough rheology, sprouting resistance) and end products are presented. The prospects for the molecular marker application for a number of traits in breeding in the near future are given.

The optimization of the process of polymer film orientational drawing using the local heater was investigated. One of the problems with this technology is that the strength of the resulting fibers differs significantly from the theoretical estimates. It is assumed that one of the reasons is related to the peculiarity of this technology, when at the point of drawing the film is heated only on one side, which creates a temperature difference between the sides of the film in contact with the heater and the non-contact sides of the film in the air. Estimates show that even a small temperature difference of just 1 °C between these surfaces leads to a significant difference in the rate of plastic deformation of the corresponding near-surface layers. As a consequence, during hardening, in the stretching region, tensile stress is concentrated on the “cold” side of the film, and this effect can presumably lead to the generation of more defects overthere. It has been suggested that defects arising during first stage of hardening, namely, neck formation, can serve as a trigger for the formation of defects such as kink bands on the “cold” side with further orientational strengthening due to plastic deformation of the resulting fibrillar structure, at the boundaries of which microcracks are formed, leading to rupture of the oriented sample. The numerical calculation of heat propagation due to heat conduction in the film from the local surface of the heater is carried out and the temperature distribution along the thickness and width of the film during drawing is found. The temperature difference in the heated layer of the film between the contact and non-contact sides with the heater was calculated depending on the thickness of the film and the speed of its movement along the heater. It was found that the most homogeneous temperature distribution over the film thickness, which is required, by default, for the synchronous transformation of the unoriented initial folded lamellar structure into a fibrillar structure, is observed only for films with a thickness of less than 50 μm. The calculation allows us to scientifically justify the choice of orientation drawing speed and optimal thickness of the oriented polymer film, which is extremely important, for example, for obtaining super-strong and high-modulus UHMWPE filaments used in products for various purposes: from body armor to sports equipment and bioimplants,

Background. An analytical method for determining the error of the output signal of a semiconductor pressure transducer used in information-measuring systems (hereinafter - IMS) is considered. The purpose of the study is to determine the dependence of the temperature component of the output signal error of the bridge circuit of a semiconductor pressure transducer used in information-measuring systems of various purposes, on the spread of doping impurity concentration values when manufacturing integrated silicon tensile resistors doped with boron. Materials and methods. The study is carried out by the method of compiling an algorithm for calculating the relative error of the output signal depending on the spread of the values of the dopant concentration in the MathCAD software package. Results. Numerical values of the relative temperature error of the output signal of a semiconductor pressure transducer have been obtained, and the dependence of the error on the deviation of concentration values from nominal values by ±10% has been determined. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the data obtained, the value of the dopant concentration was determined, at which the error of the output signal is minimal.

The article examines the phenomenon of artistic depiction of the scream in the poetry of the 20th century English poet Ted Hughes. The analysis of the poems reveals a gradual semantic expansion of the poetic image: while in early animalistic and landscape lyrics the scream is interpreted as an expression of animal suffering or the personification of wild nature, later collections containing elements of the author’s mythology show the acoustic image as a metaphor of the divine presence (“Adam and the Sacred Nine”), a symptom of split consciousness (“Prometheus on his crag”), a mechanism for healing psychological traumas (“Wolfwatching”), and also acquires cosmogonic features (“Crow,” “Cave birds”). The paradigm of the meanings ends with the “birth of the logos,” marking the beginning of the character’s communication with the outside world. The semantic transformation of the investigated motif turns out to be practically significant for the study of the author’s myth evolution. Hughes’ statements in letters and interviews, as well as the facts of biography, reflect the leitmotif formation in author’s work. This fact reveals the possibility of correlating the metaphor of the scream with Ted Hughes’ “poetic voice.”

The single crystals of CsI-Yb2+ were grown, and their spectroscopic studies were conducted. The observed luminescence in CsI-Yb2+ is due to 5d–4f transitions in Yb2+ ions. Using time-resolved spectroscopy, spin-allowed and spin-forbidden radiative transitions of ytterbium ions at room temperature were found. The excitation spectra of Yb2+ luminescence bands were obtained in the range of 3–45 eV. The mechanism of charge compensation of Yb2+ ions in a CsI crystal was also studied, the spectrum of the thermally stimulated depolarization current was measured, and the activation energies of the two observed peaks were calculated. These peaks belong to impurity–vacancy complexes in two different positions. The charge compensation of Yb2+ occurs via cation vacancies in the nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor positions.The Yb2+ ions are promising dopants for CsI scintillators and X-ray phosphors in combination with SiPM photodetectors.

The article deals with the topical socio-philosophical and socio-anthropological problem of restoration of the matrix of traditional consciousness in modern Russian society. With the help of structural and functional analysis of Russian traditional consciousness and socio-anthropological model of 10 degrees of freedom as autonomy the system of basic practical principles is presented. These principles are actualized precisely in emergency situations and contribute to the reduction of the degree of freedom of the whole society. Restoration of the matrix of traditional consciousness becomes a complicated, dialectical problem for the Russian power (“paternal”) vertical, since it requires a significant restriction of opportunities for free self-realization of most citizens and even comes into conflict with the basic values of the “mother vertical” - preservation and continuation of the race. The long-term presence of society in such forced tension can cause social upheaval, while the short-term experience of an emergency situation suggests the development of ways of ideological adaptation in the form of such practical attitudes as “moderate fatalism,” “personal non-resistance to evil,” “harmony with nature” and “I can be useful to others. These attitudes allow us to build our own variable model of adaptation to the sharp decrease in the degree of personal and social freedom and to preserve the inner potential for a further return to a full creative life. The article also considers the possible prospects of the modern implementation of the updated principles of the matrix of traditional consciousness, and identifies the most problematic and dangerous trends.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that increase the risk of fatal thrombotic events in hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients receiving standard therapy according to the National Clinical Practice Guidelines (National Guidelines). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this case–control study, cases included 83 adults with COVID-19 who had died from thrombosis and controls comprised 83 COVID-19 patients with comparable criteria who survived. Data was abstracted by reviewing the medical records of selected patients and analyzed using Statistica. Parametric and non-parametric tests, as appropriate, were used to compare continuos variables between cases and controls, whereas Chi-square test was employed to compare categorical variables. Odds ratio (OR) was also calculated to measure the strength of association of case status and various independent variables. RESULTS: Fatal outcomes were higher in patients with chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.2–4.9); obesity, (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 0.5–8.6); and coronary heart disease (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 0.8–3.2). In the group with a D-dimer level from 250 to 1000 ng/ml, a statistically significant moderate positive correlation was found between the day of death and D-dimer level (P = 0.026). The lack of use of the PADUA Prediction Score for the risk of venous thromboembolism scale (PADUA Scale) and control of laboratory parameters (APTT and D-dimer) were associated with increased risk of fatal outcome. Overall, 19.2% cases and 8.4% of controls had no coagulation control; (OR = 2.6, 95% CI 1–6.7). CONCLUSION: Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis, obesity, and coronary heart disease were associatied with fatal thrombosis. A slight elevation of D-dimer level, lack of the PADUA Scale and laboratory monitoring in the management of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. was associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism.

Introduction. The conducted research is aimed at identifying the methodological foundations, content, methods and mechanisms for organizing the patriotic education in adolescents and "Z generation" youth. The article defines the essential characteristics of the education processes and creation of juvenile media, and substantiates the possibility and potential of integrating these processes. Theoretical analysis. The scientific novelty lies in the development and theoretical justification of the Model of organizing the patriotic education in the “Generation Z” youth with the involvement of the juvnile media resource, which includes methodological, target-oriented, activity and result blocks, and which is based on a combination of humanistic, personal, activity, and integrative approaches to the process of educating adolescents, allowing to ensure the integrity and functionality of the Model. The mechanism of education is the pedagogical support of the value-semantic self-determination of a young person at each stage of a young media journalist work on media material. In the process of creating media material, a chain of upbringing methods is used (according to Z. I. Vasilyeva): goal-setting – informational and educational – evaluative. Conclusion. As a result of the study, the possibility of using the potential of juvenile media in the process of patriotic education in generation Z teenagers is substantiated: the purpose, the main mechanism, the content and methods of the upbringing process, the structure and indicators of the result of the patriotic upbringing of adolescents and the "Generation Z" youth with the involvement of the juvenile media resource.

The article investigates new food api-technologies of using non-traditional cheep sources with high content of protein needed to build sustainability of food system. It shows the alternative possibility to use larva raw material of bee origin for the advanced food technology, i. e. api-technology. The authors studied all types of larvae of bee family, however, the most promising ones are drone larvae at the age of 7 to 9 days after their sealing. The paste made of them by pounding to the fine-disperse consistence was dried in vacuum according to specially designed technology, when biologically active matters and bio-polymers were preserved. As a result the api-product ‘Bilar’ was produced with the mass share of protein exceeding 50%. It contains reducing hydrocarbons and high-quality fats. The amino-acid composition of ‘Bilar’ protein fraction includes all independent amino-acids. In the research it was found out that the amounts of lizin, tryptophan and valin in ‘Bilar’ exceed their content in the ideal protein. Fats are presented by 28 high fat acids, which correspond to the formula of balanced nutrition. Apart from that it contains vitamins and mineral substances, bilious acids. The authors proved technological parameters of growing drone larvae on industrial scales and prospects of their use in food production.

Introduction. Artificial Intelligence is new theoretical approaches, methods, technologies and applied systems for modeling and extending human intelligence. In ophthalmology, artificial intelligence is one of the tools that help improve the efficiency of the treatment process through more accurate diagnostics, search for new biomarkers of diseases, automation of decision-making processes and assistance in other aspects of the physician’s daily activities. The purpose of this review is to describe the currently available developments for the diagnosis and surgery of keratoconus in the field of artificial intelligence. Material and methods. Databases that were used for literature search included: Google and Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE and Web of Science. Results. As a result of a search across all selected databases, as well as a selection of relevant studies, 75 articles were analyzed. Most of the studies that were selected for full-text analysis were the development of diagnostic algorithms. The most common classical machine learning methods were support vector machines method and random forest method. The most commonly used type of neural network is the convolutional neural network. 4 studies out of 75 reported the creation of a graphical interface for using the developed algorithm in a clinical environment.Conclusion. The accuracy of the algorithms that were obtained in the analyzed researches was basically more than 90%. It indicates the ability of machine learning models to solve complex clinical problems

Introduction: Due to long-term domestication, breeding and divergent selection, a vast genetic diversity in poultry currently exists, with various breeds being characterized by unique phenotypic and genetic features. Assuming that differences between chicken breeds divergently selected for economically and culturally important traits manifest as early as possible in development and growth stages, we aimed to explore breed-specific patterns and interrelations of embryo myogenesis, nitric oxide (NO) metabolism and post-hatch growth rate (GR).Methods: These characteristics were explored in eight breeds of different utility types (meat-type, dual purpose, egg-type, game, and fancy) by incubating 70 fertile eggs per breed. To screen the differential expression of seven key myogenesis associated genes (MSTN, GHR, MEF2C, MYOD1, MYOG, MYH1, and MYF5), quantitative real-time PCR was used.Results: We found that myogenesis associated genes expressed in the breast and thigh muscles in a coordinated manner showing breed specificity as a genetic diversity signature among the breeds studied. Notably, coordinated (“accord”) expression patterns of MSTN, GHR, and MEFC2 were observed both in the breast and thigh muscles. Also, associated expression vectors were identified for MYOG and MYOD1 in the breast muscles and for MYOG and MYF5 genes in the thigh muscles. Indices of NO oxidation and post-hatch growth were generally concordant with utility types of breeds, with meat-types breeds demonstrating higher NO oxidation levels and greater GR values as compared to egg-type, dual purpose, game and fancy breeds.Discussion: The results of this study suggest that differences in early myogenesis, NO metabolism and post-hatch growth are breed-specific; they appropriately reflect genetic diversity and accurately capture the evolutionary history of divergently selected chicken breeds.

Method of electrohydraulic enrichment of natural diatomite from the Kazakhstan deposit as a multipurpose nanomaterial has been developed. Electrohydraulic method is based on separation of diatomite from the clay component under the influence of plasma energy arising in a short electric discharge. Complex study of enriched diatomite by spectral, X-ray diffraction (XRD), silicate (chemical) and thermal analysis methods was carried out. Independent methods of analysis applied show almost identical results for the degree of diatomite enrichment with silicon oxides (SiO2), being in the range of 78 - 80 %.