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The utilization of cellulolytic fungi, specifically Trichoderma sp, as decomposers represents an effort to accelerate the bioconversion process and enhance the quality of organic fertilizers. In addition to their decomposing abilities, Trichoderma sp also possess the capability to inhibit pathogen growth. This study aims to identify Trichoderma fungi associated with patchouli soil, roots and stems. Analyzing the ability of Trichoderma isolates patchouli as bioconversion of organic waste for quality compost and able to increase disease plant resistance. The Trichoderma identification methods included soil, root, and stem sampling of patchouli plants in Ranto Sabon Village, Aceh Jaya, for isolation, purification, and identification. Five isolates of Trichoderma fungi were molecularly identified as longibrachiatum (2 isolates) and T. yunnanense (3 isolates). Composting of six types of organic waste, including patchouli waste, coffee grounds, rain tree leaves, water hyacinth, rice straw, and sawdust, was conducted with three treatments: control, addition of T. harzianum, and addition of T. yunnanense. The addition of T. harzianum or T. yunnanense in composting organic materials resulted in physical and physicochemical characteristics that met the Indonesian National Standard (INS): 19-7030-2004, except for treatments with sawdust. Compost from organic materials such as patchouli waste, rain tree leaves, and coffee grounds with the addition of T. harzianum or T. yunnanense showed the best patchouli seedling growth rate performance. In contrast, T. yunnanense performs better than T. harzianum as an organic compost bioconversion in improving patchouli seed resistance by increasing the peroxidase activity value of pathogen-inoculated patchouli seeds.

This study conducted to get drying equipment a moringa leaf using air temperature from an air conditioning condenser. The first steps taken were collecting research literature, formulating problems, and design a drying equipment moringa leaf (moringa oleifera) using air temperature from an air conditioning condenser. Drying equipment tool made from plywood, wood, aluminum foil, styrofoam, and pipe channel to drying equipment. It works by utilizing air from the air conditioning condenser which is channeled through a pipe channel to drying equipment. The test was carried with modification intake channel to drying equipment without suction fan and using suction fan. Data collection is carried out every 30 minutes for 7 hours which starting from 10.00 AM to 05.00 PM. A sample of 800 grams of wet moringa leaf was placed on each drying rack. The result study without suction fan in the drying equipment show average temperature air from the condenser of 31.17 °C, average humidity of 68.8%, and a reduction in water content of moringa leaf of 35.5%. Meanwhile, the test using an air suction fan in the drying equipment was average temperature air from the condenser 34.10 °C, average humidity was 62.30% and the reduction in water content of moringa leaf was 40.8%. The drying rate of moringa leaf in the test using an exhaust fan is 0.0138 kg/hour, while the drying rate of moringa leaf in the test without using an exhaust fan is 0.01 kg/hour.

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to estimate the relationship and influence between regional inequality variables, human capital, the open unemployment rate, and economic growth in Indonesia using panel data. The panel data consists of a combination of time series data from the 2010–2020 period, based on information from 32 provinces in Indonesia. The estimation model employed in this study is a panel regression model utilizing three methods: the common effect model (CEM), fixed effect model (FEM), and random effect model (REM). The findings of the study reveal a positive and significant effect of the ETI factor on the LOG (GRDP) factor. Additionally, the HDI variable exhibits a positive and significant impact on the LOG (GRDP) variable, while the UNR variable also shows a positive and significant effect on the LOG (GRDP) variable. Furthermore, the ETI variable is found to have a positive and significant influence on the UNR variable, while the HDI variable has a negative and significant impact on the UNR variable. Finally, the LOG (GRDP) variable demonstrates a positive and significant effect on the UNR variable.

The Great Sumatran Fault activity on Sumatra Island has presented a series of volcanoes and geological landscapes that can be developed as geo-tourism potential, such as in Iboih. The Weh Island has many natural tourism potentials that can be used to improve the community's income directly and as lessons learned for the dangers of living in a volcanic environment. The conventional method of delivering information is through a guide to visitors. This is very limited to the guide's ability to explain the phenomenon of tourist sites and the relation to lessons learned. In this study, we use the integration of QR-Code and web-based technology to develop a digital tourism system that can provide unlimited information to visitors and can be managed efficiently by the public. The data analysis shows that a QR code information board integrated with a web-based programming system can be used to monitor the number of monthly visitors at each tourism site. In addition, the java-script integration on the QR code board can present information that can be changed through links, images or videos without reprinting the QR-code model. Furthermore, we also present important locations from Iboih Village in the form of Web-GIS, such as tourist locations, road access, public infrastructure and food locations that tourists can easily access. Based on the research, we conclude that integrating QR-code and web-based programming can be an effective tool in tourism development as a medium for lessons learned by the community.

Wind energy is renewable energy used as an energy source for wind power plants (PLTB). The most common distribution method used to model wind speed distribution data is the Weibull distribution. The Nakagami distribution has begun to be widely used in several studies to model wind speed distribution data. The Nakagami distribution is considered an alternative to the Weibull distribution in modeling wind speed distribution data. This study aims to compare the distribution of Nakagami and Weibull in analyzing wind power potential and calculating the resulting Wind Energy Production (WEP), using wind speed distribution data from both distributions in Kuta Raja, Banda Aceh and Lhoknga, Aceh Besar. The wind speed data used is satellite data (secondary data) downloaded via windguru.cz, with the most stable wind speed being a wind speed of 3-5 m/s. The value of wind power potential at the Kuta Raja location, Banda Aceh was obtained at 64.16% with the Nakagami distribution and 62.73% with the Weibull distribution, and 73.60% with the Nakagami distribution and 73.28% at the Lhoknga location, Aceh Besar. The comparison of these two distributions produces a Weibull distribution that is superior to the Nakagami distribution for both locations, where the Weibull distribution has a smaller error value and produces a WEP value that is in accordance with the actual/observable data compared to the Nakagami distribution. In this study, the Nakagami distribution has results that make this distribution an alternative or comparison to the Weibull distribution in distributing wind speed data with further research.

Geothermal energy, as a part of green and renewable energy, has been widely developed in the world to replace the current conventional fossil energy. Peut Sagoe is an active volcano in the northern part of Sumatra. The volcanic mountain has not been completely explored for geothermal and energy reserves study. This is due to the volcano locates in a high topography and surrounded by dense tropical forest, which makes it challenging to deploy geophysical instruments in the area. The Landsat 8 thermal infrared and meteorological data from 2013 – 2020 were used to estimate the energy resources by calculating the radiative heat flux (RHF) and measuring the energy lost annually through the heat discharge rate (HDR). We also used the normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) for vegetation analysis, and estimation of its emissivity data. The mono-window algorithm was used to calculate the land surface temperature (LST). The Stefan–Boltzmann equation was utilized to analyze thermal infrared data for RHF, and ambient temperature and relative humidity data were acquired from the Indonesian Meteorological Agency (BMKG) database. The results showed that low vegetation values and high LST of 25°C–35°C were found in crater areas, which indicate the underground thermal activities of the mountain. It demonstrates that the maximum RHF values were 55 W/m2 in 2013 and 37 W/m2 in 2020. The HDR data were calculated by applying 15% of the RHF data, and the amounts of energy lost were 132.5 MWe and 64.5 MWe in 2013 and 2015 respectively. It increased to 186.4 MWe in 2017 and 89 MWe in 2020. Based on these predicted results, we conclude that the combination of thermal infrared imagery of Landsat 8 and meteorological data is an effective approach in estimating geothermal energy potential and energy loss of volcanoes situated in remote areas

The development of technology and information has influenced people's lifestyles in making purchases from conventional to online shopping. Research on online marketing has become an interest in academics and practitioners in recent years. Measurement for e-service quality in this study will be reconstructed based on a review on previous conceptual and empirical literature. The purpose of this research is to build customer e-service through the reconstruction of e-service quality dimensions. The research uses cross-section data with geographically dispersed location of users of online travel services in the region of Indonesia. Model testing is performed using structural equation modeling with a sample count of 262 respondents. The analysis results show that the efficiency and incentive dimensions meet the creation of the e-service quality construct.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Service Delivery Dan Potongan Harga (Discount) Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan PT Nutri Inti Prima Perkasa Medan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di PT Nutri Inti Prima Perkasa Medan, dengan populasi dan sampel sebanyak 100 pelanggan yang diambil secara purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan angket/kuisioner dengan model skala likert. Uji persyaratan dilakukan untuk menguji normalitas. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik regresi Berganda pada taraf signifikansi α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara Service Delivery terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan nilai signifikan sebesar 0.032< 0,05. Sedangakn variabel Discount terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan dengan taraf signifikan sebesar 0.014< 0,05 terdapat pengaruh. Berdasarkan hasil output SPSS diketahui bahwa nilai R square sebesar 0,106 atau 10,6% berarti faktor Service Delivery dan Dsicount dapat dijelaskan oleh Kepuasan Pelanggan, sedangkan sisanya dapat dijelaskan oleh faktor lain misalnya kualitas produk, minat beli, promosi, sebesar 89,4%.

The article discusses the concretization of urgent reasons and sufficient evidence for granting marriage dispensations in Law Number 16 Year 2019. This purpose of this study is how to concretize urgent reasons and sufficient evidence by the judge inproviding marriage dispensations for children. Researchers used empirical legal research methods and primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and primary data obtained through interviews with Syar’iyah court judges. Data analysis was performed prescriptively to provide an assessment of the implementation of the Marriage Law. The results showed that the petition for marriage dispensation for children after the legitimation of Law Number 16 Year 2019 increased despite being complicated by the Supreme Court Regulations and it was resulted that the age of the petitionfor marriage dispensation between 15 and 19 years old. Children must attend the court for obtaining the advice related to the risk of child marriage. Concretization of the urgent condition and sufficient evidence is carried out with observing the facts at thecouncil, namely worrying about acts that are prohibited from religion, getting pregnant out of wedlock and doing tandem (khalwat). The sufficient evidences were concreted by the judge. He/She requested the witnesses who knew the background of the parents and prospective husband/ wife attended the council to investigate the reasons for the marriage of the child and proof of marriage rejection from the KUA, Child Identity Cards, birth certificates and final diplomas. It is recommended that judges must prioritize the best interestfor the children and the reproductive health certificate from the hospital should be requested.

This research aims to find out the most competitive retail company operating in current global market based on the perspective of efficiency. A well-performed company is the company that is efficient in its operations. By using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach, this research differs from prior research because we used multivariable inputs, namely: asset, operational expense and the number of employees. The output variables used in this research are: total revenue, net profit, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), return on investment (ROI), dividend yield ratio and asset turnover ratio. The analysis results shows that six retail companies are “efficient” in its operation (efficiency score of 1.00), namely: Carrefour, Costco, Kroger Company, Home Depot Inc, JD.com Inc Adr and Alibaba Group Holdings Ltd ADR. Therefore, these companies are considered the most competitive in its operation strategy in the current global market, whereas there are four retail companies falls into category of “inefficient” (efficiency score < 1.00), namely: Walmart, Amazon.com Inc, Tesco PLC and Walgreens Boots Alliance Inc.

The Geophysical method is operated by using physical parameters above the surface to estimate the subsurface structures. In data interpretation, all 3D surveys, i.e., magnetic, gravity, magnetotelluric, and airborne, are required for geographical conditions in the research area. In a large area, global DEM data is used to explain the field condition, but for local measurement, the data is not efficient due to low resolution (15-30 m/px). This research uses UAV technology to produce a high-resolution topography in local Geophysical measurement (500 x 600 m). The survey was conducted to map the coal structure in the subsurface. UAV data were also compared to SRTM (30 m/px) and DEMNAS (8 m/px) as global topography. Based on data processing, the UAV topographic was have a high resolution of 2.5 cm/px. Comparison of UAV and magnetic data are able to explain a good condition of field measurement than a global DEM data, even in a relatively small area; outcrops of the coal (50x50 m) can show a good differences contrast of topography. Based on data analysis, we can conclude that UAV technology can interpret the geophysical data measured in a local area. Keywords: UAV, SRTM, Topography, Geophysical Interpretation. Metode Geofisika bekerja dengan memanfaatkan parameter fisis diatas permukaan untuk pendugaan struktur bawah permukaan. Dalam tahapan interpretasi data, semua pengukuran 3D Geofisika; magnetic, gravity, magnetotelluric, dan airbone sangat membutuhkan keadaan geografis lapangan. Pada area yang luas, data DEM global digunakan untuk menjelaskan deskripsi lapangan, namun untuk pengukuran dekat permukaan yang bersifat lokal, data ini tidaklah efesien, karena resolusi yang relative rendah (15 – 30 m/px). Kami menggunakan teknologi UAV untuk menghasilkan topografi resolusi tinggi pada area pengukuran Geofisika dengan luas 500 x 600 m, yang disurvei untuk pemetaan batubara dibawah permukaan. Data UAV juga dibandingkan dengan topografi global SRTM (30 m/px) dan DEMNAS (8 m/px). Hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan data UAV menghasilkan topografi dengan resolusi 2.5 cm/px. Hasil overlay UAV dengan Geofisika magnetik mampu menjelaskan deskripsi lapangan dengan sangat baik dibandingkan DEM global, bahkan pada area yang relative kecil seperti singkapan batuabara (50x50 m) dapat menunjukkan keadaan perbedaan topografi dengan kontras. Berdasarkan data analysis, topografi UAV sangat potensial digunakan untuk interpretasi data Geofisika dekat permukaan yang diukur pada area yang relative lokal. Kata kunci: UAV, SRTM, Topografi, Interpretasi Geofisika.

Aceh province is traversed by the Sumatran fault which stretches for 1900 km from the southern tip of Sumatra Island to the Andaman Sea. Seismic activity along this active fault line poses a serious threat to Aceh including in Pidie Jaya Regency. This community assistanc formulated a program called Desa Tangguh Bencana (DESTANA) to optimize the active role of the community by evaluating Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). The target was rural communities with diverse educational and economic backgrounds. The activity was carried out by: providing information on disaster awareness, providing assistance to village governments to formulate village regulations based on disaster risk agreements, and map making and installation of information boards for evacuation routes and path planning by considering local values ​​in the village. The program resulted in the formation of a disaster risk team and a community group who were alert to ongoing disasters, as well as an increase the community’s knowledge.

The aims of this research is to find out the empirical evidence of the factors affecting the financial reporting timeliness of food and beverage companies listed on Indonesia stock exchange. The factors tested in this research are profitability. The population of the research are 26 food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014-2019. Purposive sampling method were used to draw out the samples out of population. The hypotheses were tested using logistic regression at a 5 percent significance level. The results of the research indicated that the profitability, leverage and liquidity had no effect on the timeliness of financial reporting of the food and beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.

Angle tilt is an important factor that affects the amount of solar radiation received on the surface of solar panels. Fixed-mounted solar panels cannot receive the maximum amount of solar radiation. How to get the maximum solar radiation by positioning the surface of the solar panel at a certain slope to be directly facing the sun. This study aims at determining the optimum slope angle of solar panels in the city of Meulaboh (4,152 LU, 96,131 BT). The method of calculating the total value of solar radiation on a sloping surface simulated with Pvsyst Software is used to determine the annual optimum tilt angle. NASA SSE solar radiation data from 1983 – 2005 were used to support simulations in this study. The results showed that the tilt angle that can produce the maximum output energy in the city of Meulaboh (4,152 LU, 96,131 BT, Johan Pahlawan) is at an angle of 5° with the orientation directly facing south.

Salah satu upaya mitigasi bencana yang perlu dilakukan sebelum pembangunan fasilitas pada kawasan industri yaitu kajian korositivitas tanah. Sifat korositivitas dapat menyebabkan rusaknya infrastruktur bangunan dalam ambang batas tertentu, Kajian korositivitas tanah telah dilakukan pada kawasan industri Kecamatan Julok, Kabupaten Aceh Timur dengan tujuan untuk melakukan investigasi dan pemetaan tingkat korositivitas tanah menggunakan metode resistivitas Wenner 4 pin dan perhitungan pH meter untuk tanah. Akuisisi data dilakukan dengan titik pengukuran sebanyak tujuh titik, dimana setiap titik pengukuran data terdistribusi pada lokasi yang akan digunakan untuk pembangunan industri dengan total panjang lintasan pengukuran 6 km. Hasil pengolahan data resistivitas 1D diperoleh dua jenis pelapisan tanah. Lapisan pertama lebih didominasi oleh kondisi tanah yang tidak korosif dengan nilai resistivitas 20 – 580 Ohm.m. Sedangkan lapisan kedua dapat diduga sebagai lapisan yang korosif dengan nilai resistivitas tanah 5 – 20 Ohm.m. One of the disaster mitigation that needs to be done before facilities development in industrial area is study of soil corrosivity. Within a certain threshold, this corrosivity can cause damage to building infrastructure. This research was done in the industrial area of Julok Subdistrict, East Aceh Regency with the aim of investigating and mapping the level of soil corrosion using a 4-pin Wenner resistivity method and calculating the pH for soil. Data acquisition was carried out at seven measurement point, where each measurement point is distributed at a location that will be used for industrial development with 6 km length. Inversion of resistivity data gives two type of soil layer. The first layer is more complete by non-corrosive soil conditions with resistivity values of 20 - 580 Ohm.m. While the second layer can be interpreted as a corrosive layer with a soil resistivity value of 5-20 Ohm.m. Keywords: korosi, resistivitas, wenner, pH, mitigasi bencana

The realization of regional government expenditure in Aceh Province from 2011 – 2015 has reached the figure of Rp84.260.616.926.552,00. However, the indicator data of Aceh people’s welfare in 2016 provided information of unemployment rate in Aceh in 2015 at 9,93%. This exceeds the national unemployment rate in the same period of 6.2%. Likewise, the poverty rate of Aceh Province in 2015 was at 17.08%. While nationally, the unemployment rate was at 11.13%. This condition indicated that the regional government were still unable to prosper the people, which also means that the governments were underperformed. This was possible because of inefficient use of resources. Efficiency does not only apply to private sector but also public sector. public sector organizations are now required to be able to operate efficiently to improve the performance. Nowadays, the performance of the local government has been criticized by the public. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a performance measurement toward public organization to know the extent of performance in a certain period accurately. This study aims to determine the efficiency level of regency / city governments in Aceh Province. By using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach, it is possible to observe which regency / city governments are performing well. This study uses input variables including regional expenditure, assets, population, civil servants and area. Output variables used include Regional Original Income (PAD), Human Development Index (HDI) and Per capita Income.The result shows that from 23 regency / city governments in Aceh Province, in the overall average from 2011 - 2015, there were only 5 regency / city governments (21.74%) who were efficient in running their government (efficiency score 1.00) , namely Banda Aceh, Langsa, Lhokseumawe, Sabang and Subulussalam. Therefore, the regency / city government has a good performance.Keywords: Performance and DEA, Regency / city governments

Sebagai sebuah ilmu, maka fiqh mengalami perkembangan dari masa Rasul SAW hingga sekarang, walaupun sebagian orang kurang memahami dan terkadang menganggap orang yang berpendapat demikian disebut dengan pembaharu agama. Namun tidak dapat dibantah, bahwa fiqh tetap berkembang sesuai dengan kebutuhan manusia pada zamannya. Ini sesuai dengan fitrah Islam sendiri, yang memiliki konsep Islam menjadi rahmat sekalian alam. Jika fiqh tidak berkembang, maka akan ditinggalkan orang. Perjalanannya dari masa Rasul SAW sampai sekarang mengalami pasang-surut, dimana hal ini sangat dipengaruhi kondisi sosial masyarakat saat tersebut, sehingga para Faqih dalam mengeluarkan hukum fiqhnya senantisa dipengaruhi sejumlah faktor sosial, kultur budaya dan ekonomi masyarakat setempat. Oleh karena itu perkembangan ilmu fiqh itu mutlak terjadi karena perkembangan manusia tidak pernah berhenti. Ini berarti bahwa selama kehidupan manusia ada, maka selama itu pula fiqh akan terus berkembang hingga akhir kehidupan manusia di dunia.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas proses pembelajaran IPS melalui penerapan metode problem based learningIPS pada mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Sejarah FKIP UM-Mataram. Penelitian ini merupakan classroom action research(penelitian tindakan kelas) yang dilaksanakan dalam III siklus. Subjek penelitian adalah mahasiswa semester dua berjumlah 30 mahasiswa. Kolaborator dalam penelitian ini adalah peneliti sebagai pelaksana tindakan dan teman sejawat sebagai observer. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalaui observasi, wawancara,catatan lapangan dan analisis dokumen. Analisis data dilakukan dengan secara kualitatif dengan tehnik yang dikembangkan Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pembelajaran perngatar IPS dengan penerapan metode problem based learningdapat meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran IPS pada aspek pelaksanaan pembelajaran dan hasil belajar. Langkah pembelajaran meliputi mengidentifikasi masalah, menggali sumber informasi yang relevan, belajar secara mandiri, menyelidiki dan menginterpretasi data yang terkumpul, memperioritaskan beberapa alternatif solusi masalah,dengan mengintegrasikan pendapat atau informasi untuk menyeleksi solusi masalah. Peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran dapat diamati dan dibuktikan dengan adanya peningkatan pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan persentase pada siklus I = 74,69%, pada siklus II,=77.13%, dan pada siklus III= 91,83%. Hasil belajar mahasiswa pada siklus I rata-rata 67. 00, mahasiswa yang mencapai KKM sebesar 45,6%; siklus II rata-rata meningkat menjadi 71,00, masiswa yang KKM 57,14%; dan siklus III rata-rata meningkat menjadi 80,42 dengan seluruh mahasiswa (100%) mencapai KKM. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebutdapat disimpulkan penerapan metode problem based learning dapat meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran IPS pada mahasiswa prodi pendidikan sejarah FKIP UM-Mataram.

Problem inti motivasi yang berkaitan dengan kepemimpinan adalah bagaimana cara seorang pimpinan menggerakkan sekelompok orang yang masing-masing memiliki kebutuhan yang khas dan kepribadian unik untuk bekerja sama menuju pencapaian sasaran-sasaran organisasi. Begitu juga halnya dengan problem pimpinan di organisasi Baitul Mal Aceh, beberapa tindakan dan kebijakan harus di lakukan untuk memotivasi para pegawai agar tujuan yang ditetapan dapat tercapai. Lebih jauh artikel ini ingin mengkaji tentang kebijakan pimpinan dalam memotivasi kerja pegawai di Baitul Mal Aceh. Hal ini penting dilakukan terutama untuk mengetahui pola dan metode pimpinan dalam sebuah pengambilan kebijakan sesuai dengan tugas dan fungsinya. Penelitian ini termasuk pada jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan analisis datanya menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa implementasi kebijakan pemimpin dalam memotivasi semangat kerja pegawai Baitul Mal Aceh adalah dengan memberikan pengarahan dan bimbingan terhadap karyawan. Di antara kendala Pimpinan Baitul Mal Aceh dalam memotivasi kerja pegawai adalah banyaknya pegawai yang belum pernah mengikuti pelatihan khususnya pelatihan manajemen zakat, bahkan ada yang belum pernah sama sekali sehingga kondisi ini membuat karyawan tidak memiliki kapasitas yang cukup untuk melaksanakan tugas-tugas tertentu.

Telah dilakukan pengukuran resistivitas tanah konfigurasi Wenner-Schlumberger pada lahan pertanian di kawasan panas bumi Jaboi, Sabang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat struktur bawah permukaan agar jenis tumbuhan yang cocok pada lokasi tersebut dapat diidentifikasikan. Akuisisi data dilakukan pada 2 lintasan dengan panjang 300 dan 165 m dan jarak antar elektroda 15 m. Pengolahan data diproses menggunakan software RES2DINV dengan nilai RMS error sebesar 23,9% dan 14,8%. Hasil pemodelan 2D kedua lintasan tersebut diperoleh nilai resistivitas yang berkisar antara 1 - 250 Ωm. Nilai resistivitas ini dapat diintepretasikan sebagai tanah lempung berpasir (Sandy Clay), zona pelapukan (weathering zone) dan batuan andesit gunung api. Berdasarkan observasi lapangan, topografi lokasi penelitian didominasi oleh daerah rendah dengan suhu yang relatif panas. Secara keseluruhan baik itu dari jenis tanah, topografi maupun suhu, maka lokasi ini mempunyai prospek untuk dilakukan pengolahan lahan pertanian dengan jenis tanaman berupa tumbuhan pokok seperti padi dan tebu, serta tumbuhan palawija seperti jagung dan kacang hijau. Resistivity method on geothermal agricultural area in Jaboi-Sabang has been measured. This study is aimed to identify the suitable plant species in the area. The measurement was conducted in two profiles with 300 and 195 m and the spacing between electrodes is 15 m. The method measured apparent resistivity data along the profiles. The 2D resistivity models were inverted from the apparent resistivity data using Res2Div program with both of RMS error are 23.9% and 14.8%. The data shown the resistivity values range from 1-250 Ωm that can be interpreted as sandy clay, weathering zone, and volcanic andesitic rocks. Based on the soil type, topography and temperature we can conclude that the prospective plant in the area are rice, sugar, and all of palawija i.e. corn and green beans. Keywords: Resistivity, Agricultural, Geothermal, sandy clay, weathering zone

Magnetotellurics (MT) is an important geophysical method for exploring geothermal systems, with the Earth resistivity obtained from the MT method proving to be useful for the hydrothermal imaging changes of the system. In this research, we applied the MT method to map the geothermal system of the Seulawah Agam volcano in northern Sumatra, a site intended for the construction of a geothermal power plant with an estimated energy of 230 Mwe. Herein, 3D MT measurements were carried out, covering the entire area of the volcano and the various intersecting local faults from the Seulimeum segment in the NW–SE direction. Based on Occam 2D inversion, a conductive anomaly (

Investigasi keberadaan tank/bunker yang tertimbun telah dilakukan dibagian area PT Perta Arun Gas (PAG) Lhokseumawe dengan menggunakan metode Conductivity Multi Depth (CMD) yang dilengkapi dengan satu set alat CMD. Enam buah lintasan pengukuran yang memiliki panjang 66 m dan memiliki spasi diantaranya 1 m telah didesain untuk mecakup area dugaan target. Hasil investigasi menunjukkan bahwa adanya keberadaan tangki/bunker. Keberadaan tangki/bunker tersebut sebagai hasil interpretasi nilai-nilai konduktivitas listrik yang bervariasi mulai dari 1210-1320 mS.m-1 atau setara dengan -227,26 sampai dengan -227,82 ppt. Dari variasi nilai konduktivitas listrik, maka dapat disketsa dimensi dari tangki/bunker dimana tangki tersebut terdiri dari 3 bagian dengan ukuran yang berbeda. Bagian pertama memiliki diameter 1 m dan panjang 8 m. Bagian kedua memiliki diameter 2,8 m dan panjang 11 m, sedangkan bagian terakhir memiliki diameter 2,5 m dan panjannya 19 m, sehingga panjang keseluruhan tangki adalah 38 m. Kedalaman tangki tersebut dari bagian yang paling kecil ke besar secara berturut-turut adalah 1 m, 3 m dan 4 m. Secara umum dapat dikatakan bahwa metode ini berhasil diaplikasikan untuk mendeteksi benda-benda logam yang tertanam. The investigation of buried tank was performed at the part of PT. Perta Arun Gas (PAG) area, Lhokseumawe by using the Conductivity Multi Depth (CMD) method and equipped by one-set of the apparatus. The six spreads of data acquisition whose 66 m long for every spread and 1 m spacing between them were set intending to cover the subsurface target and get a good resolution of its image. The result shows that there is an exsisted tank. This finding was derived according to electrical conductivity values where generally they vary from 1210 to 1320 mS.m-1 or equivalent to -227,26 until -227,82 ppt. From this various electrical conductivity the image of tank/bunker was sketched. The tank is consisted of three different sizes where the first part has the diameter 1 m in length and 8 m long. The second part is 2,8 m in diameter and has 11 m long, while the last part has a dimension 2,5 m in diameter and 19 m long. So that the total length of the tank is 38 m. Furthermore the depth of every part from the smallest to biggest is in average 1 m, 3 m dan 4 m respectively. In conclude it can be said this method proved that its application in detecting the burried metal objects is effectively successful. Keywords: CMD, Konduktivitas Listrik, PAG

Secara umum umat Islam mengharapkan agar pelaksanaan zakat dapat dilakukan dengan sebaik-baiknya berdasarkan syari’at Islam. Berbagai usaha telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah termasuk ulama dan ilmuwan agar implementasi zakat terlaksana. Untuk itu sebenarnya konsep operasional penerapan zakat, dapat dijadikan contoh dan terus dikembangkan pada masa sekarang, serta diaktualisasikan sesuai dengan pertumbuhan dan tuntutan masyarakat. Dengan memberdayakan zakat secara optimal (mulai dari pemetaan data muzakki, pencatatan muzakki, pengumpulan dana/benda zakat, pendistribusian dana/benda zakat, pemetaan dan pencatatan penerima zakat) yang selalu diupdate, masalah perekonomian khususnya tentang kemiskinan finansial masyarakat kita akan mendapat enjeksi solutif, sehingga kita akan melihat lahirnya masyarakat yang sejahtera dari sisi ekonomi.

Pembentukan daratan pesisir sangat dipengaruhi oleh proses sedimentasi dari material hasil rombakan. Proses sedimentasi pada masa lampau dapat dikaji dengan mempelajari sungai purba sebagai media transportasi material. Survey geofisika metode electrical resistivty tomography dilakukan untuk investigasi sungai purba di Ulee Kareng Banda Aceh. Untuk memetakan sedimen dan geometri sungai purba, pengukuran electrical resistivity dilakukan di sepanjang dua lintasan dengan panjang 240 meter dan spasi elektroda 2 meter. Proses inversi model resistivitas 2D telah dilakukan pada masing – masing lintasan data yang terukur. Hasil electrical resistivity tomography mampu membedakan batas – batas antara setiap lapisan sedimen yang terendapkan di lokasi paleochannel. Sedimen paleochannel secara jelas diidentifikasi dari distribusi nilai resistivitas yang lebih tinggi (15.2–31.6 Ω.m). Berdasarkan interpretasi dari metode electrical resistivity tomography area persawahan merupakan lokasi sungai purba pada masa lampau. The formation of coastal area is influenced by sedimentation process. The sedimentation process along the coastal line in the past one can be explained by studying existence of paleochannels located around the area. Deposition of the sediment along the coast is carried by river activities in the past. We have investigated paleochannel structure in Ulee Kareng, Banda Aceh using electrical resistivity tomography survey. The measurements were performed along two profiles with 240 meters and 2 meters spacing between electrodes crossing the paddy. The method measured apparent resistivity data along the profiles. The 2D resistivity models were inverted from the apparent resistivity data using Res2Div program. The inverted models clearly show indication of paleochannel structure based on distribution of resistivity values within the subsurface. The paleochannel area was characterize by high resistivity i.e. 15.2–31.6 Ω.m.

This research aims to analyze the potential and the strategy of developing Tomini Bay to improve the economic growth of the coastal community in Central Sulawesi. The research is located in four regencies in Central Sulawesi. The method uses the descriptive analysis using SWOT analysis. The research result shows that the potential of fisheries resources in Poso Regency, Parigi Moutong Regency, Tojo Una-Una Regency, and Banggai Regency can support the development of Tomini Bay region based on fisheries in order to accelerate the economic growth of coastal communities in Central Sulawesi. The potential fishery resources that can support the development of Tomini Bay area are the potential of fisheries, marine and coastal infrastructure, social economy and geographic conditions in four regencies. The strategies are building the marketing network for fishery products both the catching and cultivation, improving the fishery human resouce capacity, controlling the fishery product quality, and increasing the social awareness to maintain the ecosystem sustainability. To optimize the utilization of Tomini Bay, it is suggested to improve the involvement of the regional government, the central government, and also the private sector and the whole community.

Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungus (AMF) is a type of soil microorganisms with obligate symbiotic characteristic. It can associate with high-level plants at the rate of 90%. Its association level highly depends on the type of AMF and the host plant. The lack of information about the AMF diversity in an ecosystem, and the insufficient number and types of isolates available, are limiting factors for the widespread use of AMF. It was a survey and observation research. In this research AMF indigenous potentials were observed in soil and roots of peanuts. Samples were taken from area with different elevation: low, medium, and high in West Sumatra. The study reveals that the highest number of AMF indigenous spores in peanuts rhizosphere from area with different elevation: low, medium, and high are dominated by Glomus sp.1 (159 spores), Acaulospora sp1 (110 spora) and Glomus sp.2 (82 spores), however AMF indigenous with the highest percentage of existence is Glomus sp.1 and Acaulospora sp.1 (100%). In addition, the infectious level of AMF indigenous on roots of peanuts are 81.1%, 64,4% and 78,9% on low, medium and high elevation, respectively. The highest number of population and infectious level are on low elevation whereas the lowest number is on high elevation. Thus, the elevation level correlates with the type of infection, the size of population, and the percentage of infection.

Biobriket merupakan salah satu bahan bakar alternatif yang berasal dari biomassa. Biomassa yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kulit kakao. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan kulit kakao sebagai bahan bakar alternatif dan juga mengetahui ukuran serbuk dan lama pengeringan biobriket yang terbaik dengan standar mutu indonesia (SNI 01-6235-2000). Karakteristik biobriket diketahui dengan melakukan pengujian karakteristik kadar air, kadar abu, nilai kalor, zat terbang, dan karbon terikat. Bahan-bahan yang digunakan adalah kulit kakao ditambahkan perekat kanji. Proses pembuatan biobriket diawali dengan penjemuran bahan, dihaluskan, diayak masing-masing bahan dengan variasi ukuran 60 mesh, 80 mesh, dan 100 mesh. Pembriketan dilakukan dengan menggunakan cetakan silinder dengan tekanan manual yang selanjutnya biobriket dijemur hingga kering dengan variasi 2 hari dan 3 hari dan diuji karakteristiknya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran serbuk dan lama pengeringan biobriket dari kulit kakao memberikan pengaruh terhadap karakteristik biobriket. Karakteristik biobriket terbaik diperoleh dari biobriket ukuran serbuk 100 mesh dan lama pengeringan 3 hari, kadar air sebesar 1,288%, kadar abu sebesar 0,922%, zat terbang sebesar 0,046%, nilai kalor sebesar 1905,624 kal/gram, dan karbon terikat 2,256%. Karakteristik biobriket yang memenuhi standar briket SNI 01-6235-2000 adalah nilai kadar air (8%).

Gempa bumi merupakan suatu pergerakan tanah yang terjadi secara tiba-tiba hingga menimbulkan getaran, besarnya kekuatan gempa dapat mengakibatkan bencana baik kerusakan maupun korban jiwa. Untuk mengantisipasi bencana yang akan datang maka diperlukan suatu model khususnya untuk meramalkan besarnya kekuatan gempa. Pada penelitian ini, digunakan model ARIMA dan model kombinasi dari Neural Network-Algoritma Genetik (NN-GA) untuk memprediksi rata-rata kekuatan gempa bumi setiap bulan khususnya yang terjadi di wilayah Maluku Utara. Data yang digunakan adalah data kekuatan gempa berdasarkan skala richter yang diperoleh dari Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) kota Ternate. Sebagai input pada model ARIMA dan NN-GA digunakan rata-rata kekuatan gempa bumi 36 bulan dan rata-rata kekuatan gempa 36 bulan berikutnya digunakan sebagai target untuk prediksi. Untuk meng-update parameter (bobot) dari Neural Network digunakan metode Gradient Descent dan untuk mendapatkan parameter yang lebih optimal pada layer Output, maka di diterapkan Algoritma Genetik. Hasil peramalan dari kedua model kemudian dibandingkan dan model terbaik ditentukan dari nilai Mean square Error (MSE) yang terkecil. dari hasil peramalan dengan model ARIMA diperoleh MSE sebesar 1.0125, sedangkan pada model NN-GA diperoleh MSE sebesar 0.9196. Nilai tersebut, menunjukkan bahwa model NN-GA lebih baik dari model ARIMA untuk peramalan rata-rata kekuatan gempa bumi beberapa bulan ke depan

Estimation of soil erosion 3D (E3D) provides basic information that can help manage agricultural areas sustainably, which has not been sufficiently conducted in Indonesia. Sumani watershed is main rice production area in West Sumatra which has experienced environmental problem such as soil erosion and production problem in recent years. 3D Agro-ecological land use planning based on soil erosion 3D hazard and economic feasibility analyses consist of production cost and prize data for each crop. Using a kriging method in Surfer tool program, have been developed data base from topographic map, Landsat TM image, climatic data and soil psychochemical properties. Using these data, the Universal Soil Loss Equation was used for spatial map of soil erosion 3D and proposed a 3D agro-ecological land use planning for sustainable land management in Sumani watershed. A 3D Agro-ecological land use planning was planned under which the land use type would not cause more than tolerable soil erosion (TER) and would be economically feasible. The study revealed that the annual average soil erosion from Sumani watershed was approximately 76.70 Mg ha-1yr-1 in 2011 where more than 100 Mg ha-1yr-1 was found on the cultivated sloping lands at agricultural field, which constitutes large portion of soil erosion in the watershed. Modification of land use with high CP values to one with lower CP values such as erosion control practices by reforestation, combination of mixed garden+beef+chicken (MBC), terrace (TBC) or contour cropping+beef+chicken (CBC) and sawah+buffalo+chicken (SBC) could reduce soil erosion rate by 83.2%, from 76.70 to 12.9 Mg ha-1 yr-1, with an increase in total profit from agricultural production of about 9.2% in whole Sumani watershed.

The Illegal logging regulated in some positive rules, in the meanwhile act number 41/1995, act number 5/1985, The government regulation number 28/1985 and The Penal Regulation. In the those regulations not always can be solve the case of illegal loging. Traditional People with their custom law have a role to defand natural resource. Some example case were prove about that. They have local wisdom to defand riches that from their forefather. They realize that the forest give them a lot of contribution for their live resoluteness.The damage of forest that caused illegal logging will be suffered them. The traditional people have the custom law and sanction themselves that will be exictence by them for a long life natural resources. So, the pluralism with combination of the positive law and custom law is needed to solve the illegal logging. Key word : Illegal logging, custom law,pluralisme

This study explores the influence of servicescape and service quality on sustainability and environmental satisfaction in public hospitals managed by the regional government in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. In response to increasing competition, hospitals are focusing on enhancing green spaces to improve visitor satisfaction. Using a purposive sampling technique, 120 respondents were surveyed, and quantitative data were analyzed with Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis. The results show that servicescape, including surrounding conditions, layout, functionality, signs, symbols, artifacts, and cleanliness, has a significant positive impact on service quality (path coefficient = 0.287, p = 0.005) and green space (path coefficient = 0.271, p = 0.039). Green space significantly improves environmental satisfaction (path coefficient = 0.462, p = 0.00), and serves as a significant mediating variable between servicescape and environmental satisfaction (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that environmental satisfaction occurs when patients feel comfortable, with green space playing a critical role in this process. The servicescape also directly influences patient satisfaction (path coefficient = 0.269, p = 0.009). Therefore, healthcare providers must integrate environmental considerations into service quality frameworks, and policymakers should prioritize the protection and promotion of green spaces as part of sustainable urban development strategies to enhance environmental satisfaction in healthcare settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]