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Conceptual metaphor theory explains conceptual systems through cross-domain mappings. The mapping occurs on a conceptual level in a way that one conceptual domain is understood in terms of another conceptual domain. It also shows how target domain is perceived or understood through numerous source domains. Daily life experiences of people create patterns of understanding and conceptual metaphors are used to utilise these patterns in our utterances about issues in the world. In this research paper, Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) conceptual metaphor theory and Grice’s (1975) implicature theory are used as theoretical frameworks to identify, study and interpret conceptual metaphors for marriage in the Hazaragi community in Balochistan, Pakistan. This study focusses on the institution of marriage as this institution carries rich conceptual domains and has many conceptual mappings. Data collected from the book on Hazaragi idioms and two Hazaragi dramas were used to identify and analyse five general categories which include marriage as a food, marriage as an expensive commodity, marriage as a friendship, marriage as a slavery, and marriage as a journey or time. The paper also explores implied conceptual metaphors for marriage which do not indicate the concept of marriage directly. In short, this study discusses how conceptual metaphors in the institution of marriage depict Hazaragi culture and tradition.

The aim of this article was to investigate the effects of Distributive Justice on Teaching Faculty Job Satisfaction in higher educational institutions in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, specifically Bacha Khan University, University of Malakand, and University of Swat. The study was quantitative in nature, and a questionnaire was employed as a data collection tool to gather primary information from a sample size of 217 respondents selected using a proportional allocation approach. The study found a significant (P≤0.05) relationship between teacher satisfaction and assumptions such as unjust award distribution, teachers not receiving rewards based on performance, and their behaviors being dependent on administrative fairness. Furthermore, unfair reward distribution increases the likelihood of turnover among university teachers. In light of the study's findings, the Government and administration should take proactive measures to provide better working conditions for employees in order to regain their trust. Such measures should include increasing collaboration with teachers, investigating benefits for teachers, fostering stronger relationships in the workplace, and encouraging effective discussion which can enhance and promote an exchange of ideas between administration and faculty. Keywords: Effects of Distributive Justice, Teaching Faculty, Job Satisfaction, Higher educational institutions, Fostering stronger relationships

This paper considers two different classes of computer hackers, with a special emphasis on disparate motivations of hacking. Hackers’ psychology widely discussed in the media is almost entirely unexplored by psychologists. In this study, hackers’ and crackers’ motivation is investigated, using the study of values scale. One hundred and fourteen participants completed our online research instrument. The study of values and demographic data were questioned. Participants were categorized as hackers and crackers through their responses on two items questioned in the demographic datasheet. Results indicated that hackers were found higher on the motivations of seeking knowledge, aesthetic sense, social interactions, and mysticism while crackers were found more motivated due to their economical and political interests. Findings suggested that hackers hack for the thrill of learning and gathering information to gain intelligence. Hackers hack to make society a better place to live. Compared to hackers, crackers are incapable of normal social interactions, and their hacking is based on the motivations of getting money and power.

Purpose: This study aims to prove the effectiveness of Aggression Placement Training ( ART ) in reducing the aggressiveness of students, especially in Islamic High School (Madrasah Aliyah).Method: This research used a true-experimental design method with a randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Samples were determined using random selection technique. The subjects were students of class XI Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Kendal. Aggressiveness data collection is using the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ).Results: The results of the study revealed that ART with an Islamic cultural and religious approach was effective in reducing the level of students' aggressiveness. The data show the level of aggressiveness of students in the experimental group was significantly lower than students in the control group. The theoretical means of 93,461 to 45.09 with a significance level of 0.00.Implication: ART is suggested to be applied to overcome student’s aggression, therefore it is recommended for further researchers to use larger research subjects to have a more accurate conclusion; use ART for problems other than aggression such as low prosocial, low morale, and so on; conduct research in school settings where students are more heterogeneous, which is using ART to reduce the level of students aggression in senior high school or vocational high school.Originally: This study used ART that had been adapted to the conditions of the Indonesian people, especially those who were Muslim. The training related to skill streaming, anger control training (ACT), and moral reasoning had an Islamic nuance.***Tujuan - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efektifitas Pelatihan Penempatan Agresi ( ART ) dalam mengurangi agresivitas siswa khususnya di Madrasah Aliyah .Metode - Penelitian ini menggunakan metode true-experimental design dengan rancangan randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Sampel ditentukan dengan teknik pemilihan acak. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Kendal. Pengumpulan data agresivitas menggunakan Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ).Hasil - Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa ART dengan pendekatan budaya dan agama Islam efektif dalam menurunkan tingkat agresivitas siswa. Data menunjukkan tingkat agresivitas siswa pada kelompok eksperimen secara signifikan lebih rendah dibandingkan siswa pada kelompok kontrol. Rerata teoritis sebesar 93,461 sampai dengan 45,09 dengan taraf signifikansi 0,00.Implikasi - ART disarankan untuk diterapkan untuk mengatasi agresi siswa, oleh karena itu disarankan bagi peneliti selanjutnya untuk menggunakan subjek penelitian yang lebih besar untuk mendapatkan kesimpulan yang lebih akurat; menggunakan ART untuk masalah selain agresi seperti prososial rendah, moral rendah, dan sebagainya; melakukan penelitian di lingkungan sekolah yang siswanya lebih heterogen, yaitu penggunaan ART untuk mengurangi tingkat agresi siswa di sekolah menengah atas atau sekolah menengah kejuruan.Orisinalitas - Penelitian ini menggunakan ART yang sudah disesuaikan dengan kondisi masyarakat Indonesia, khususnya yang beragama Islam. Pelatihan terkait skill streaming, pelatihan pengendalian amarah (ACT), dan penalaran moral bernuansa islami.

The present research was directed to study the mediating role of rumination between neuroticism and depression among the married and unmarried nurses of Multan. Data was taken from (n=150) nurses through a stratified proportional sampling method. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Ruminative Response Scale and Big Five Inventory were utilized as an assessment measure in the present research. SPSS-21 version was used in the current research. Pearson product-moment correlation analysis revealed that rumination and neuroticism have a significant positive (P = .05) relationship with depression. However, hierarchical regression analysis by Baron and Kenny method shows that rumination shows a significant mediating (P = .05) role between neuroticism and depression. Consequences determined that a higher level of ruminating thoughts and neuroticism would lead to depression. The present study will help to understand the consequences of depression, especially among nurses. Existing policies and coping strategies could be inquired and could probably to improve to better help this population. Based on this study, it is not only particular for professionals or nurses to be aware of depression toward a better life in the Pakistani society but also to be educated on the culture itself and clinical area.

Purpose: The current research was directed to examine the association between life style changings (age, marital status, duty hours) and depression among the married and unmarried nurses of Multan. Methodology. Data was taken from (n=150) nurses through stratified proportional sampling method. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Independent Sample T-Test and A Generalized Linear Regression Model studied relations between lifestyle aspects and depression. Main Findings: The result showed that life styles changings (age, marital status and duty hours) have significant positive relationship with depression. Regression findings revealed life styles changings (age, marital status and duty hours) were the significant predictors of depression. However, results also showed that mean score of depression was high in married nurses as compared to unmarried nurses. Application of this Study: The present study will help to understand the consequences of depression especially among nurses. Existing policies and coping strategies could be inquired and could probably to improve to better help this population. Nurses should make therapeutic lifestyle variations to improve their work-life balance and protect their functioning at work and individual well-being. Novelty/Originality of this Study: Based on this study, it is not only particular for professionals or nurses to be aware of depression toward better life in the Pakistani society but also to be educated the culture itself and clinical area. KEYWORDS: Life Styles Changings, Depression, Nurses, Multan.

Dosimetric Evaluation & Verification Of External Beam 3-D Treatment Plans In Humanoid Phantom have been carried out. In this study male anthromorphic phantom, model no.702 D, manufactured by Atom Ltd has been used. The plan was delivered to phantom and TLD- 100 was placed in cavities to evaluate and verify the dose delivered by implementing 3D treatment plans. TLD 100 was calibrated using SIEMENS PRIMUS PLUS Linear Accelerator with calibrated 6 MV X ray beam. We chose phantom skull, abdomen and pelvis region for making treatment plans and then doses by treatment plans have been verified by TLDs. 4%, 3.5% and 3% variation in the results was found for skull, pelvis and abdomen region respectively which is within the safe limit of accuracy i-e from 3% to 5 %. Before working with TLDs, it has also been found that thermoluminescent dosimeters were showing the linear response and results are reproducible for the dose range from 50 cGy to 200 cGy. This study has been performed at Karachi Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine (KIRAN) during the year 2010-2011.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to assess the flood hazard causes and damages and to draw the extent of flood hazard zones in Budhni Nullah District Peshawar on the basis of devastating historical flood data through the usage of the Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS). Methodology: In this research, a descriptive methodology and GIS techniques were carried out to identify flood hazard causes, damages, and hazard zones. Therefore, qualitative and quantitative data related to flood hazards are clipped from various sources. Satellite images such as digital elevation models were generated for acquiring watershed and slope data. The data were put in the ArcMap for mapping and in SPSS for ease of statistical calculations to find the causes and damages of flood hazards. Moreover, various other tools from different applications were used such as ERDAS Imagine for Image processing and GPS application for location tracking. Main Findings: We delineated the catchment areas and different other tributaries and with the help of slope, settlements, area inundation, and past damages data we find out the flood hazard zones. These flood hazard zones were demarcated with the help of the Euclidean distance tool in which different data overlaid to others in ArcMap and through ground-truthing, we confirmed the flood hazard zones. Applications: Research results could be used for providing a recommendation to the local government authorities and communities to mitigate the flood hazard risk in the locality and improve the safety measures. Such as retaining walls to make them a little distance from levees.

Repeated cases of low pathogenic influenza A/H9N2 virus (IAV/H9N2) have been reported in commercial chickens since its emergence in 1998 in Pakistan. However, recently increased mortality and severe respiratory complications under field conditions have been noticed, suggesting concomitant influenza infections with respiratory viral and/or bacterial pathogens. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the presence of IAV/H9N2 coinfecting with multiple viral and bacterial pathogens in broiler chicken flocks. We surveyed 60 broiler flocks with respiratory signs from March through July 2019 in Punjab, Pakistan. Suspected flocks were screened for the presence of IAV using a lateral-flow device. Tracheal, cloacal, and bone marrow samples were collected and further tested for seven viral agents (chicken anemia; Newcastle disease; infectious bronchitis; infectious laryngeotracheitis [ILT]; and IAV subtypes H9, H7, and H5) and three bacterial agents (

The coagulase-negative staphylococcal (CoNS) species

In the recent years, there have been an increase in attacks targeting Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) infrastructures as there are many sensitive data released from peripheral devices. Wind-turbine systems are considered to be the most complex Cyber-Physical infrastructures.A privacy preserving Federated Machine Learning solution is proposed in order detect any possible anomalies in such infrastructures. Instead of centralizing the wind-turbine data into a common server, Federated Machine Learning allows the data to remain on-premise in the infrastructure. This enables the responsible authorities to consider the advantages of Machine Learning, and simultaneously protect their privacy. Different federated machine learning models namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Radial Basis Function (RBF), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Random Forest (RF) are deployed to analyze the anomalies in the wind turbines. It is inferred from the experimental results that Random Forest is superior in identifying the anomalies with regard to the performance metrics such asMean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Square Error (MSE) are minimal for Random Forest in comparison to other models and Coefficient of Determination (R2) is higher which is expected for a model that accurately predicts the anomalies. In addition, the time taken by the regression is 42.95 seconds which is minimal in comparison to other classifiers. Thus, a federated Random Forest Learner accurately analyzes the anomalies in critical wind turbine infrastructures.

With More than 1700 tafaseer of Al-Quran (commentaries of Al-Quran) till recently leading to more than 187 Islamic sects so far, only two tafaseer of Al-Quran are unique and explain the Quranic Epistemology in altogether different luminosities. The one is by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and the other by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. Like Sir Syed Ahamd Khan, Maulana Azad also rebelled and thoroughly dissented against the continuing tradition of ‘orthodox version’ of tafseer. He provided the basic foundations for the future generations to correctly understand Al-Quran, by putting away the fairy notions of Jannah, houries, jinn and other such metaphysical unexplained supernatural phenomena. and everything harmonious rather he deduced from Quran the very hard facts that Quran exhorts its believer to “to remain constantly in action and work hard…so that Allah could elevate the qaum of believers to the highest pedestal here in this world and hereafter” different notion from the stock of great Tafseer writers, but his Tafseer could transfigure in quite dissimilar parameters as against those who toed the line of earlier Tafseer writers.

Background: Acute renal failure in pregnancy can be induced by any of the disorders leading to renal failure in the general population, such as acute tubular necrosis due to infection, glomerulonephritis related to lupus, or drug toxicity. There are, however, pregnancy complications characteristic of each trimester that can result in renal failure. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of various causes of pregnancy-related acute renal failure among females presenting to a tertiary care hospital.

The present study reports the multi-technique results of the interaction of a series of bile salts, sodium cholate (NaC), sodium taurocholate (NaTC), sodium deoxycholate (NaDC), and sodium taurodeoxycholate (NaTDC) with trypsin under the experimental conditions of 25 °C and pH 7.0. The interactions between trypsin and the bile salts were characterized by the surface tension measurements and various spectroscopic techniques like UV–Visible absorption, steady-state fluorescence, and circular dichroism. The results of surface tension measurements reveal a strong interaction of trypsin (50 μM) with the increasing concentration of bile salts, being higher with the bile salt of greater hydrophobicity. The critical aggregation concentration of bile salts in the presence of trypsin (C1) showed that the bile salts interact strongly with the trypsin in the order of NaTDC > NaDC > NaTC > NaC. UV–visible, steady-state fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopic results confirmed significant unfolding of trypsin due to its interaction with the bile salts, the extent of which followed the same sequence as observed in the surface tension results. It could be concluded that the hydrophobic bile salts that show lower C1 values and have less delocalized charge, are more effective in unfolding the trypsin. The study would help understand the hydrophobicity-driven unfolding of proteins aided by biological surfactants like bile salts and help devise efficient proteolytic enzyme-based detergent formulations and understand the role of such amphiphiles as antimicrobial agents.

Plants of the Celastraceae family produce various dihydro- β -agarofuran sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloids. Two dihydro- β -agarofuran sesquitepene pyridine alkaloids (1,2) apart from four known compounds euojaponin C (3), wilforine (4), austronine (5) and O 9 -benzoyl- O 9 -deacetylevonine (6), were isolated from the ripe seeds of Euonymus hamiltonianus . Their chemical structures were elucidated mainly by analysis of NMR and MS spectral data. All compounds were evaluated for insecticidal activity.

Women are the backbone of agricultural workforce in all over the world. Pakistani women play an important role in agricultural production. Women covers about 43% of the agricultural labor force generally, therefore women become the cause of development of the countries. But this segment is failing in many parts of the several countries because women, who are commonly an important resource in agriculture and the rural economy, face health problems that decrease their outputs. To find out the socio-economic characteristics of the farm working women as well as the health problems faced by them during on-going farm activities along with the factors which accelerate poor health of farm working women and to give some suggestions to maintain their health in working day, a sample of 160 farm workers females were selected through multistage sampling technique and were interviewed from the rural areas of Tehsil Dera Ghazi Khan. Univariate (frequency distribution and percentage) and Bivariate analysis (Chi square and Gamma Statistics) was carried out. A great majority (90.6%) faced the health problems in last season. A huge majority (95.6%) of the respondents faced the problem of work load; (socio economic stress) physical injuries/sickness (60.0%); mental diseases (95.7%); pesticides related health troubles (93.8%), and asthma (78.8%). Highly significant association was found between uses of pesticide vs health problem. Although most of the females were young, illiterate and working as tenants living with hand to mouth. They were working for economic support of their family so were in socio-economic and mental stress and were also facing physical and reproductive health problems. There is need of full awareness about taking of healthy diet for better health and decrease mental stress among the rural female farm workers. Trainings about health safety measures and nutrition education or medical system should be provided to them through health personnel and social reformers so that they perform their on-farm activities in better way and play positive role in agriculture sector for socio-economic up-lifting at domestic and national level.

Many past studies have examined the association between entrepreneurial orientation (E.O.) and organizational performance (O.P.). However, these studies have not adequately addressed the mediating roles of acquisition learning (A.L.) and experiential learning (E.L.) on organizational performance. Given this gap, we have developed a new model that contains six direct relationships, three mediating relationships, and one multi-mediating relationship. The focus of the study was on Indonesian Pharmaceutical SMEs. We have collected a sample of 365 respondents non-randomly. For statistical analysis, we have used Smart PLS version 3.2. The statistical analysis includes reliability, validity, and descriptive statistics. The results confirm that acquisition learning (A.L.), experiential learning (E.L.), and entrepreneurial orientation (E.O.) promote organizational performance (O.P.). We also found that entrepreneurial orientation (E.O.) impacts acquisition learning (A.L.) and innovative performance (I.P.) but does not affect organizational performance (O.P.). However, the results suggest that acquisition learning (A.L.) and experiential learning (E.L.) are positively linked. Our results also support all the mediating relationships.

The extracellular matrix protein Emp of Staphylococcus aureus is a secreted adhesin that mediates interactions between the bacterial surface and extracellular host structures. However, its structure and role in staphylococcal pathogenesis remain unknown. Using multidisciplinary approaches, including circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron (TEM) and immunogold transmission electron microscopy, functional ELISA assays and in silico techniques, we characterized the Emp protein. We demonstrated that Emp and its truncated forms bind to suprastructures in human skin, cartilage or bone, among which binding activity seems to be higher for skin compounds. The binding domain is located in the C-terminal part of the protein. CD spectroscopy revealed high contents of β-sheets (39.58%) and natively disordered structures (41.2%), and TEM suggested a fibrous structure consisting of Emp polymers. The N-terminus seems to be essential for polymerization. Due to the uncommonly high histidine content, we suggest that Emp represents a novel type of histidine-rich protein sharing structural similarities to leucine-rich repeats proteins as predicted by the I-TASSER algorithm. These new findings suggest a role of Emp in infections of deeper tissue and open new possibilities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.