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The accuracy of descriptive statistics might be influenced by the existence of outliers in data sets. An observation which might not be considered as an outlier in the univariate case might be a multivariate outlier. Therefore, determination of outliers might make multivariate analysis more robust by providing an opportunity for making required corrections before modelling studies. This paper presents the implementation of the two-dimensional correlation method in the determination of multivariate outliers among the observations of six precipitation stations in Turkey. The two-dimensional correlation method considers the averages of the parts of the whole series instead of the average of the whole series and enables determination of the location of the outlier in the compared series. The obtained results point out that an outlier analysis for hydrologic variables should consider the two-directional behavior and the presented two-dimensional correlation method proves to be a strong alternative to be used in outlier and irregularity detection studies even with a limited number of available data. The 2DCorr software used in the study is freely provided as a supplementary material.

Project focuses on employing the methodology of Education Through Sport (ETS) as a vehicle of upskilling and curricular enhancement of Sport Coaches and Trainers working in the field with disadvantaged target groups with migrant background in the perspective of fostering inclusion and equal opportunities in as well as through Sport for migrants. The project pursues the specific Erasmus+ Small Collaborative Partnership priorities related to encouraging social inclusion and equal opportunities in Sport. Our Project aims at answering the challenge of social exclusion of migrants in Europe, with a particular focus on addressing the compelling issue of systematic under representation of migrants in non-playing roles within Sport clubs and organizations. Migration is now one of the biggest challenges for the European societies and political systems. As migrant fluxs increase and with the terroristic fears widespreading after the recent attacks, intercultural dialogue and social integration is urgently needed while it has been stated many times that Europe can and should use the potentials of immigrants. Besides sport has a positive function for personal health and fitness as well and help people to improve their own wellness along with their capacity to be part of a team and/or to enhance a sportsmanship attitude. As politics across Europe is showing all its difficulties relating to welcoming immigrants policies and integrationla ones, sport can be the paicific while effiective tool for strenghthening integration. Not to forget that project partners are established in countries interested by migrant fluxes and immigrant presence: Turkey, Spain and Italy whose role in Euroepan politics has been risen recently as key-role in tackling new waves of immigrants and its related integration policies. The following questionnaire analysis have been prepared to be used in the project titled "Integration of Refugees Through Sport" carried out under the Erasmus + Sports program supported by the European Commission.The research aims to identify the integration, development and adaptation needs of refugees, trainers, physical education teachers, sport trainers and candidate sports scientists.&nbsp

Fluid control is one of the essential automationapplication area in industry. In order to fluid control effectively andprecisely, valves which are crucial components, need a controlled rotatingmotion which leads to implement electric motors, electronic controller and gearsystems altogether. In this study, an electric motor actuated valve system isdesigned and prototyped. The design phases are including switch mode powersupply (SMPS) design, motor controller circuit design, mechanicalimplementation and controller design. The designed valve system is manufacturedand tested using multi-disciplinary fashion. The application problems aresolved by using the proper control techniques and strategies. The preciseposition control of butterfly disc is also achieved. According to the relatedindustrial standard and application requirements, the experimental results showthe effectiveness of the design approach.

The Adiguzel Dam is located in Denizli in the western part of Turkey. It was built for irrigation purposes, but it also produces energy at the same time. The dam’s energy-production regime is not regular since there are no reservoir-operating rules. Thus, this study develops a reservoir optimization rule to generate a corresponding gain in energy production. It is well known that operating a reservoir is a complex problem that depends on many parameters such as inflow, storage capacity, water elevation, tailwater elevation, and evaporation. Therefore, in order to optimize energy production, there is a need to use heuristic algorithms such as the Cuckoo Search (CS). This study develops a CS algorithm-based solution to optimize the reservoir’s operational system and generate an optimal operation rule curve. Results show that the CS algorithm improves the system operation, and the energy production will be increased by about 10% to a value of 160000 MWh with a corresponding economic gain of about $12 × 106in total for 183 months.

This study aims to produce numerical solutions of one-dimensional advection-diffusion equation using a sixth-order compact difference scheme in space and a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme in time. The suggested scheme here has been seen to be very accurate and a relatively flexible solution approach in solving the contaminant transport equation forPe≤5. For the solution of the present equation, the combined technique has been used instead of conventional solution techniques. The accuracy and validity of the numerical model are verified through the presented results and the literature. The computed results showed that the use of the current method in the simulation is very applicable for the solution of the advection-diffusion equation. The present technique is seen to be a very reliable alternative to existing techniques for these kinds of applications.

Estimation of probability distribution and return periods of flood peak flows is needed for the planning, design, and management of flood control. Much of the research on at-site and regional flood frequency analysis has focused on the determination of the best probability distribution. The first objective of this study was to determine, evaluate and compare the goodness of fit of popular probability distribution functions (PDFs) to sequences of annual maximum stream-flows measured in West Mediterranean river basins of Turkey. Besides Gumbel distribution, which is generally preferred because of its simplicity and generality in extreme hydrologic data, distributions like Pareto, Log-logistic, Pearson Type III, Log-Pearson Type III, Log-normal with two and three parameters, and Generalized Extreme Value distributions are applied to the series of annual floods with time periods ranging from 20 to 61 years for 37 gauging stations. Another objective of the study was to compare and evaluate the parameter estimation methods and goodness of fit tests for the basins. For parameter estimation, the traditionally used method of moments and, recently widely used, that of probability weighted moments were used. To make an evaluation of the suitability of the parameters obtained by both methods to the data, detailed chi-square (parametric) tests were applied twice with equal-length intervals, equal-probability intervals and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (non-parametric) goodness-of-fit tests. The results demonstrated that when chi-square goodness of fit test is applied for both parameter estimation methods (moments and probability weighted moment methods), Gumbel probability distribution was obtained as the best fitting one to the floods in West Mediterranean river basins in Turkey, according to chi-square test with equal-probability and equal-length class intervals for both of the methods. Besides, the application of chi-square goodness of fit test for both parameter estimations with average chi-square approach resulted in Log-Pearson Type III for both with equal class intervals as optimal distribution. Similar results were obtained for chi-square distribution with equal probability approach. Log-Pearson Type III distribution was the best suitable one for each of the parameter estimation methods in Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness of fit test. These results indicated that it may be more appropriate to use Log-Pearson Type III distribution instead of the widely used Gumbel distribution for probability distribution modeling of extreme values in West Mediterranean river basins. © by PSP 2007.