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Variant calling is a major challenge in data-sets pertaining to large populations due to the difficulty in providing a consistent set of calls at all possible sites, particularly when the data is of low coverage. A further challenge is the computational cost associated with variant calling which increases exponentially with increase in the number of samples. 1000 Genomes Project provides data of 26 ethnic groups spread across the globe with an aim to capture genetic variants with frequencies of at least 1% in population. Samples sequenced have varied coverage ranging from low (2-4X) to high coverage (50X). The present work includes variant calling for a South Asian population named GIH (Gujarati Indian from Houston, Texas). The main objective is to call genetic variants using different strategies viz., joint calling, multi-sample pooled calling and single sample calling of the GIH population. The predicted variants promise to provide clues to find biological markers in complex multi-gene diseases.

The smaller-diameter implants, typically ranging from 1.8 to 3.3 mm, are of great importance in cases where traditional implant placement might be challenging due to limited bone volume constraints. In prosthodontics, narrow diameter dental implants are often used in dental prosthesis for retention, support and stability. Their minimally invasive surgical placement, reduced treatment time, and cost-effectiveness make them a preferred choice for edentulous patients seeking to regain oral health, function and aesthetics. Moreover, this type of dental implants have shown promising results in providing immediate loading capabilities, allowing patients to enjoy the benefits of their newly fabricated prostheses almost immediately after surgical placement. This case report describes the technique of placing a narrow diameter dental implant and the loading protocol to achieve optimal outcome in a crestally challenged case. Guided surgical implant placement protocol was followed. Sequential drilling was done and 3mm × 11.5mm implant was placed with respect to 44. The patient follow up was done after 3 months and prosthetic rehabilitation was carried out using a cement retained crown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dates palm is one of the most economically important plant mainly cultivated in Northern Africa, Middle East and South Asia. India is the largest importer of date fruit. In India, Dates palm are cultivated majorly in Gujarat and Rajasthan. Dates farmers facing several problem in India due to lack of scientific resources. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are naturally associated with plants and it improves plant growth and yield by providing growth supplements, increasing tolerance to stressful conditions and providing resistance to fungal/bacterial diseases. We have isolated a PGPR belonging to Exiguobacterium species TNDT2 from Indian dates palm Phoenix dactylifera, in Dindigul region, Tamil Nadu, India. The organism's genome was sequenced and identified several potential plant growth promoting (PGP) genes. Methods: The organisms genome was sequenced using Whole genome shotgun sequencing method in Illumina platform. Sequences are analysed using various bioinformatics tools and assembled using Velvet assembler. Contigs are annotated using RAST server and deposited in NCBI. Result: The isolated strain revealed various genetic determinants required for plant growth promotion. This study presents the first report of Exiguobacterium TNDT2 genome from Dates tree rhizosphere. Whole genome analysis and genome annotation reveals that, its genome consist of a 2,891,840 bp chromosome encoding over 3062 proteins, with a 51.63% GC content. Strain TNDT2 encodes a wide repertoire of proteins for plant growth promotion, heavy metal detoxification (cadmium, arsenic, mercury, copper and tellurite), Multi-drug resistance and stress resistance (Heat, cold and salt). Based on this study, Exiguobacterium sp. TNDT2 can be recognized as an important organism with a potential to be incorporated into agricultural practice of Date palm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case report illustrates an integrated approach to prosthetic rehabilitation for a patient with missing lower front teeth. The utilization of intentional root canal treatment, precise tooth preparation, and digital technologies, including computer-assisted designing/computer-aided manufacturing, and direct metal laser sintering, showcases the advancements in contemporary prosthodontics. The incorporation of fixed and removable components, notably the Andrews bridge, demonstrates a patient-centered strategy prioritizing both esthetics and functionality. In alignment with evidence-based practices and past research, this case emphasizes the significance of multidisciplinary approaches and cutting-edge technologies. The successful outcome highlights the efficacy of this comprehensive treatment, contributing to the ongoing evolution of prosthodontic care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study evaluated the influence of different agents such as blood, artificial saliva, and normal saline on preload force of dental implants with bio-high-performance poly-ether-ether-ketone (Bio-HPP) abutments to determine its effect on screw loosening. Methods: Forty (N = 40) Grade 5 titanium dental implant analog (GM Implant Analog; Neodent, Straumann) with Bio-HPP poly ether-ether ketone (PEEK) abutment and titanium screw was used in the study. The samples were embedded in acrylic split mold. In the control Group C, no agent was added. In the other three groups, blood (B), normal saline (N) and saliva (S) was added in the access cavity of the samples. A sequential torque of 15 Ncm, 20 Ncm, 25 Ncm, 30 Ncm up to 35 Ncm was applied with a digital torque meter (Eclatorq, model: SD-05bn, range:2.5–50 Ncm, torque accuracy: ± 2%cw). Samples were subjected to thermomechanical cyclic loading at 5–550 Celsius for 1000 cycles (Chewing simulator, CS 4.4) to simulate six months of clinical service. Preload was measured as reverse torque value (RTV). Raw data in the form of mean ± standard deviation was documented and subjected to statistical analysis. A one-way ANOVA was performed to contrast the groups. Tukey HSD test was used to determine the multiple comparison assessment (P .05). Measurements of 33.4 Ncm ±2.51 and 34.8 Ncm ±0.40 were found when exposed to blood and artificial saliva in order (P .05).

Abstract Purpose Current denture base resins lack adequate strength and antimicrobial properties, necessitating the exploration of alternative solutions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of curcumin incorporation on the physico-mechanical properties of heat-cured denture base resin, filling a gap in the literature regarding this correlation. Methods Heat-cured denture base resin was supplemented with increasing concentrations of curcumin (CR). Groups were designated as CR-0 (0%), CR-0.05 (0.05%), CR-0.10 (0.10%), CR-0.50 (0.50%), and CR-1 (1%), based on the increasing concentrations of curcumin incorporated into the material. Physico-mechanical properties, including flexural strength, surface roughness, fracture toughness, impact strength, and color difference, were evaluated following the testing standards. Statistical analysis involved Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA followed by Dunn’s test for multiple comparisons, with significance set at P ≤ 0.05 and Bonferroni’s correction applied to p-values. Results Flexural strength peaked at 153.80 MPa in the CR-0.10 group, while surface roughness was lowest at 0.14 micrometers in the CR-0.50 group. Fracture toughness reached its highest value at 1.80 kJ/m^2 in the CR-0.05 group, and impact strength was greatest at 6.52 Joules in the CR-0.05 group. Additionally, color difference was least pronounced in the CR-0.50 group. Flexural strength, surface roughness, fracture toughness, impact strength, and color difference varied significantly among the control group and different curcumin concentrations (P

Abstract Plants, such as sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), have been shown to secrete root exudates involved in biological nitrification inhibition (BNI), an ability to suppress the conversion of ammonium to nitrate and thereby minimize its loss. Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), a weedy relative of cultivated sorghum, may also possess BNI potential, but little is known in this regard. Here, we conducted a field survey at seven different sites in Southeast Texas to determine this evolutionary trait of johnsongrass in different soil environments. It was found that johnsongrass rhizosphere retains high levels (>60%) of ammonium within the total available N (ammonium + nitrate). Furthermore, the degree of ammonium retention by johnsongrass rhizosphere was significantly greater (up to 40%) in the roadside habitat compared to cultivated fields. The high ammonium retention potential by johnsongrass may explain, in part, their persistence and dominance, especially in marginal environments. Core Ideas Nitrogen is a limiting nutrient for plant growth, and nitrification causes loss of nitrogen. Ammonium retention was higher in roadside johnsongrass biotypes compared to that of cropland biotypes. The high rhizoshpheric ammonium retention by johnsongrass may explain, at least in part, its invasiveness. This trait could be further investigated and integrated into modern sorghum cultivars.

Background: Worldwide, millions of people experience sickness, trauma, or birth defects that negatively impact their social interactions, career, finances, mental health, and overall quality of life. When anatomical portions where plastic surgery is not appropriate or too expensive are given new functions and aesthetics, prostheses improve the quality of life for most affected individuals. The production of prosthesis items could benefit from 3D printing as a viable method to address the drawbacks of traditional construction, including lack of attachment, function, robustness, aesthetics, and cost. But prosthetic material 3D printing is still in its infancy and faces several obstacles, including low mechanical strength in printed parts, printability problems, restricted 3D printing of appropriate prosthesis materials, and flaws. Case report: 53 years old male reported with a complaint of a missing nose. The nasal defect was postsurgical following total rhinectomy for squamous cell carcinoma. The patient was treated for Grade 2 squamous cell carcinoma. Patient underwent total rhinectomy and rehabilitated with forehead rotation flap and split thickness graft cover. Then the defect was rehabilitated through digital procedure for creating nasal prosthesis. Conclusion: Digital technology is changing prosthetic design and manufacture by combining precision, personalisation, and efficiency, providing new hope and a higher quality of life for individuals who have had their noses surgically removed.

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) represent a cutting-edge technology that holds the promise of revolutionizing the conventional tasks carried out in the realm of agriculture. On a global scale, UAVs are gaining prominence for pesticide applications, particularly with a focus on utilizing low spray volumes. Nevertheless, there remains a notable gap in research concerning the impacts of employing low spray volumes on herbicide efficacy. Hence, multi-location field studies were conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Bhavanisagar and Wetland Station, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India in 2022 to evaluate the impact of different spray volumes using UAV and Knapsack Manual Sprayer (KMS) on droplet deposition, droplet density, and weed control efficacy. The treatments included UAV sprays at 30 and 45 L ha-1, as well as KMS at 500 L ha-1, with a weedy check as a control. Bispyribac-sodium 10% SC was applied at a rate of 35 g a.i ha-1 during the 2-to 3-leaf stage of the crops. The results revealed that droplet deposition, area coverage, and volume median diameter were affected by sprayer type (UAV and KMS). However, the two spray volumes tested using the UAV method provided similar droplet parameters. The KMS system at 500 L ha-1 exhibited the highest droplet deposition, while the UAV system achieved better droplet distribution at a spray volume of 30 L ha-1. Remarkably, the UAV system at 30 L ha-1 demonstrated effective weed control, which was statistically comparable to the KMS system at 500 L ha-1. These findings emphasize that the UAV spraying system with a spray volume of 30 L ha-1, delivering effective weed control while utilizing less carrier volume compared to the manual knapsack spraying method. Thus, the UAV spray system has great potential as a viable alternative to manual knapsack spraying for herbicide application in direct-seeded rice.

Aim: To compare the effect of polymerization of resin-modified glass ionomer cement and dual-cure resin cement on the crystalline structure and to correlate it clinically with postoperative sensitivity. Settings and Design: The evaluation of crystalline strain in the dentin slabs was done using Synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The post operative sensitivity was measured clinically using Schiff 's sensitivity scale. Materials and Methods: A total of 44 extracted and noncarious premolars were collected. Dentin slabs of dimensions 2 mm x 2 mm x 1.5 mm were prepared from the buccal aspect of the extracted teeth. The dentin slabs were then divided into two groups, Group A dual-cured resin cement and Group B resin-modified glass ionomer cement was applied. The dentin slabs first underwent synchrotron X-ray diffraction before and after the application of cement. Forty-two patients who were undergoing complete metal fixed prostheses on vital posterior abutments were selected. In this, 21 vital abutments were included in each group. Tooth preparation and fabrication of complete metal prostheses were done in the conventional manner and cemented using the 2 luting cements in Groups A and B, respectively. Dentinal hypersensitivity was measured using Schiff 's scale, postcementation, after 1 week and 1 month. Statistical Analysis: Independent t-test was done for comparing the two cements in two cements in terms of lattice strain. Mann--Whitney U-test was done for comparing the cements with respect to dentinal hypersensitivity. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used for clinical correlation between dentinal hypersensitivity and crystalline strain. Results: The lattice strain generated in dual cure resin cement was higher than that in resin-modified glass ionomer cement and was statistically significant. Postcementation hypersensitivity was higher in dual-cured resin than resin-modified glass ionomer cement but was not statistically significant in the follow-up visits. Spearman's correlation coefficients did not reveal any significant clinical correlation between lattice strain and dentinal hypersensitivity. Conclusion: Dual cure resin cements generate greater lattice strain as compared to resin modified glass ionomer cements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The occurrence of botnets over the network is crucial as it shows advent effect on various applications like finance, cyber-security, and healthcare application. Botnets are refined and more dangerous in their functionality over the network model. Most of the prevailing models and flow- and rule-based models feel challenging to predict the bot functionalities in a preventive manner. Therefore, the modeling of efficient and automated botnet detection approaches is highly essential. This research concentrates on modeling a novel botnet detection approach based on the recursively analyzing the flow of features of the network nodes spatially and temporally where the attack samples are intra-dependent time-series data. The hierarchical structural design of the network helps to integrate various levels of feature information and learns the spatial and temporal information automatically among the adjacent network connection. This process is carried out by the proposed architectural model known as Recursively Learning Long Short-Term Memory over spatial and temporal ( RL 2 TM-st). Thus, the bot activities are detected by recursively analyzing the limited number of nodes. The RL 2 TM-st) model is modeled to improve the efficiency of the network by eliminating unnecessary activities. The proposed model is validated using the online accessible CTU-13 dataset and benchmarked against the prevailing classification approaches for botnet detection. The simulation is done in a MATLAB environment, and the outcomes work efficiently and evaluated with prevailing models to project the significance of the RL 2 TM-st model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]