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Abstract Most elderly citizens face health problems and difficulties although they are economically productive and independent. This study developed a prototype for promoting health and prosperity within the Elderly Golden Age School (EGAS) for ageing populations. EGAS activity is also one of the health counseling activities regarding seven dimensions of robust elderly (spiritual, physical health, emotional health, intellectual capabilities, social activities, vocational activities, and living environment). The quantitative data were collected using a validated questionnaire, which was administered to 60 elderly respondents. Qualitative data were also obtained, using focus group discussions (FGD) and interviews. Chi-square analysis was utilized to analyze the quantitative data while simple descriptive methods were applied for the qualitative data. Results showed there was no statistically significant association between any of the seven dimensions and acceptance of the EGAS, except the environmental. It was constituted by existing support systems, including program management of the region, sub-district, and village. Elderly education, health services, and community empowerment must all be promoted. The local government should objectify the program and activities of the EGAS.

This study aims to locate publications on sustainability reporting and outline the features of the studies. This study employed bibliometric analysis to investigate the features of Sustainability Reporting publications and to identify research trends. Numerous databases from dimensions are used to gather publications about sustainability reporting, which are then processed through Vosviewer for analysis and evaluation, and format data RIS and CSV are described with a pivot table. The publications are analyzed and evaluated according to author keyword co-occurrences, country, institutional, journal, and bibliographic pairs. In the last 25 years, 1884 studies were chosen based on the study criteria (1999 - 2024). The United Kingdom is the leading country in the field of sustainability reporting sustainability (based on the name of the journal); Schaltegger and Zvezdov (2015) publications; and Warren Maroun (2018) (based on authors). One term that keeps coming up in discussions about this subject is sustainability reporting. The ESG (environmental, social, and governance) disclosure studies emerged from advances and improvements in sustainability reporting research.

Hypertension is often referred to as "the silent killer" because it often goes without complaints, so sufferers do not know that they have hypertension but then find that they already have a disease or complications from hypertension. Hypertension treatment or prevention can be done traditionally using Family Medicinal Plants (TOGA). TOGA is increasingly preferred because of its low side effects and is more suitable for various metabolic and degenerative diseases. An area with a high incidence of hypertension is the Dadok Tunggul Hitam Padang Community Health Center. The high incidence of hypertension in this area is because people do not comply with the diet of hypertensive patients and do not know the correct treatment methods. Thus, it is essential to educate people in the area about the treatment of hypertension using family medicinal plants. The activity was carried out on 28 July 2023 by conducting a pretest first to determine the community's understanding before providing intervention, then continuing with providing education and handing over Family Medicinal Plant (TOGA) seeds to hypertension patients and at the end of the session a posttest was carried out again. The results were that public knowledge before education was 65% and after education was 100%. There was increasing in knowledge scores because people were enthusiastic about participating in education. The suggestion for the community health center is to monitor the results of this education.

Objective: This study aims to assess the effect of bone graft materials derived from pearl oyster shells on the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level.

Since ChatGPT was released to the public, several students have used it for academic purposes. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of implementing ChatGPT as teaching material to motivate students to learn. This study used a survey method through a questionnaire to obtain data. The respondents of this research were the students of the Engineering faculty at Makassar State University, consisting of 77 students. The instrument used was a questionnaire using the Likert scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26. The findings of this study highlighted that most respondents believed that ChatGPT as teaching material impacted students’ motivation to learn Pancasila and citizenship education courses. The implications of this research are to motivate students to learn, and the lecturers should prepare their materials with the appropriate technology, design effective teaching models, and develop curricula and learning activities that can improve comprehensive understanding of the material being taught, the right learning resources, the right technology, and the right teaching instructions. Abstrak: Sejak ChatGPT dirilis ke publik, beberapa mahasiswa telah menggunakannya untuk keperluan akademis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan penerapan ChatGPT sebagai bahan ajar untuk memotivasi siswa belajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei melalui kuesioner untuk memperoleh data. Responden penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Makassar yang berjumlah 77 mahasiswa. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket dengan menggunakan skala Likert. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS versi 26. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden berpendapat bahwa ChatGPT sebagai bahan ajar berdampak pada motivasi siswa mempelajari mata kuliah Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memotivasi mahasiswa dalam belajar, dan dosen hendaknya menyiapkan materi dengan teknologi tepat guna, merancang model pengajaran yang efektif, dan mengembangkan kurikulum dan kegiatan pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan pemahaman komprehensif terhadap materi yang diajarkan, sumber belajar yang tepat, teknologi yang tepat, dan instruksi pengajaran yang tepat.

Pengembangan tanaman hortikultura skala rumah tangga berupa usaha budidaya Jamur Tiram di wilayah kabupaten Maros dalam beberapa tahun cukup menjanjikan. Salah satunya di kecamatan Bontoa Tepatnya di lingkungan Panjallingan Kelurahan Bontoa, terdapat salah satu Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) yang merupakan salah satu kelompok yang paling aktif di wilayah ini, dengan unit usaha yang dikembangkan adalah usahatani budidaya jamur tiram putih (Pleurotus ostreatus). PKM ini bertujuan membantu mengatasi masalah produksi dengan input teknologi Budidaya jamur, teknologi diversifikasi produk dan teknologi pemasaran digita berbasis SMM. Metode yang diterapkan pada tahapan kegiatan PKM ini melalui prinsip belajar dengan berbuat/aksi (Learning by Doing). Hasil kegiatan berupa beberapa peningkatan Ipteks dari beberapa pelatihan teknologi Budidaya berupa Penyiraman otomatis berbasis IoT, Pelatihan Digital Marketing berbasis SMM, Budidaya jamur, serta pelatihan pengemasan dan pengolahan aneka produk Jamur. Kegiatan berhasil melakukan peningkatan pengetahuan Mitra dalam mengelola produksi (budidaya jamur dengan IoT), pengemasan produk dan diversivikasi, serta platform pemasaran digital berbasis SMM seperti Instagram, facebook dan lain-lain.

This research concentrates to analyze student’s engagement in learning English in online environment amid Covid 19. Mr. Bean film used in this study to help students understand English tenses for EFL classroom. A random choice of English subject was made with 21 students from Technique Information of Computer Science faculty at Universitas Al Asyariah Mandar Indonesia. The English tenses content and language level difficulty based on a Mr. Bean film was chosen in teaching were: simple present tense, present continuous, Present perfect, past simple. They looked at the Mr. Bean film, analyze the tenses, re write the tenses in sentences then create their own tenses. After the film, the participants replied to material understanding and questions by retelling on their video. The collected data were subject to descriptive qualitative. The findings showed that Mr. Bean film have a positive effect on English understanding of tenses content. It can be argued that the participants better understand the English tenses with film. In addition, it is found in this study student’s engagement increase and they were motivated to learn English tenses. The teacher's pedagogy is to use a certain Mr. Bean film to enhance the student’s motivation, engagement and help to be easier to understanding tenses.

Chilli is one type of vegetable that is quite important in Indonesia, both as a commodity consumed domestically and as an export commodity. Lima Puluh Kota Regency is the centre of horticultural commodities in West Sumatra Province which continues to strive for development, especially in fruit and vegetable commodities in areas that are production centres in this area. Clustering is needed in this area because many sub-districts in Lima Puluh Kota Regency produce chilli commodities so that it can facilitate the government in determining which areas have the potential to increase and optimise the yield of chilli commodities. This research uses Cluster Analysis with the K-Medoids Algorithm method and forecasting using the Fuzzy Time Series method. The results obtained in clustering using the K-Medoids Algorithm on large chilli plants are Cluster 1; 2 sub-districts, namely Pangkalan District and Kapur IX District. Cluster 2; 7 sub-districts namely Gunuang Omeh District, Suliki District, Guguak District, Mungka District, Akabiluru District, Badger District, and Harau District. and Cluster 3; 4 sub-districts namely Payakumbuh District, Bukik Barisan District, Situjuah Limo Nagari District and Lareh Sago Halaban District. The clustering results on cayenne pepper are Cluster 1; 5 sub-districts, namely Suliki District, Mungka District, Lareh Sago Halaban District, Pangkalan District and Kapur IX District. Cluster 2; 5 sub-districts namely Guguak District, Akabiluru District, Luak District, Situjuah Limo Nagari District and Harau District, and Cluster 3; 3 sub-districts namely Gunuang Omeh District, Bukit Barisan District and Payakumbuh District. The forecasting results based on the Fuzzy Time Series algorithm for large chilli in the following year are 14313.4 Ton/Ha with a MAPE value of 37% and are 4367.8 Ton/Ha for cayenne pepper by 34% of MAPE value.

Objectives We aimed to explore and understand the extent and type of evidence on fertility reduction and its association with family planning (FP) in Southeast Asia.Design Scoping review, following the methodological principles developed by Arksey and O’Malley and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines for reporting.Data source We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, ProQuest, EBSCO, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and reference lists of relevant articles between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2022. Only open-access articles in English were considered.Study selection For inclusion, observational studies were selected for eligibility based on the original articles investigating the uptake of FP on women aged 15–49 years and its association with fertility decline in Southeast Asian (SEA) countries.Data extraction and analysis Two reviewers screened the records independently for eligibility and extracted all data. The specific details of the studies, including data on the authors, year of publication, setting, study design, aims/objectives of the study, specific intervention, outcomes and main findings, were reported.Results We retrieved 615 articles and retained 12 articles included in the analysis. Of these, 11 were quantitative studies and 1 was qualitative study. The frequently reported strategy of FP was the use of contraception. FP not only allows women to control their birth by spacing and limiting their pregnancies but also delay their first childbirth by using contraceptive methods.Conclusion Our review suggests that the FP programmes aiming at reducing fertility should have a specific focus on improving the uptake and continuation of FP services.

Pohon palapi, nantu dan bayur merupakan jenis pohon yang terdapat secara alami di Sulawesi Tengah dan merupakan jenis kayu yang banyak digunakan pada industri mebel di kota Palu. Tujuan khusus dalam penelitian ini adalah mempelajari struktur anatomi dan mutu serat tiga jenis kayu asal Sulawesi Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat struktur anatomi dari ketiga jenis kayu yang diteliti memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda. Kayu bayur mudah dibedakan dengan nantu dan palapi karena memiliki banyak kristal rhomboid pada sel parenkim aksialnya. Sedangkan palapi mudah dibedakan dari keduanya dengan adanya pori-pori yang hampir seluruhnya soliter dan termasuk kategori langka serta memiliki parenkim aksial yang sangat masif berupa agregat difus. Berdasarkan kualitas seratnya, kayu nantu termasuk kelas I, sedangkan kayu palapi dan bayur termasuk kelas II. Ketiga jenis kayu ini dapat digunakan dalam pembuatan pulp dan kertas.

In the current era of competition in the banking industry, customer loyalty is a key factor in the existence of Islamic banks. Not a few research results show that customer loyalty among Islamic banks simultaneously influences the increase in profits of Islamic banks so that they can gain a wider market share. This article aims to examine journal papers that discuss customer loyalty in Islamic banks. This study used the systematic literature review (SLR) method with samples in the form of secondary data from journals that were searched through the Google Scholar database. The research results from the Systematic Literature Review show that the Islamic bank that has been studied the most by researchers is Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI). The most widely used data collection technique was a questionnaire. The factor that most influences customer loyalty is service quality, followed by customer satisfaction.

Community forestry (HKm) is a state forest that aims to empower communities around the forest without disturbing its main function, whose management is carried out by farmer groups. However, there are still many members of farmer groups who do not understand HKm management. This service activity is carried out to increase the knowledge of farmer groups as community forest managers. The target of this activity is the Sintuvu Roso farmer group, Wombo Kalonggo Village, Tanantovea District, Donggala Regency. Based on the results of observations, situation analysis and problem identification, it was discovered that the partners had problems, including the social forestry work plan and annual work plan had not been prepared, and many group members did not know the HKm limits. The stages of the implementation of community service consist of observation, problem identification, counseling and training, evaluation of activities and preparation of reports. The solution to this problem is that partners carry out counseling activities on how to manage and prepare HKm work plans and training on using Avenza maps. The results of the implementation of the service that has been carried out are increasing the knowledge of farmer groups in managing community forests and using the Avenza Maps application.

This study aims to find out how the implementation of the teacher's example in the formation of the character of social care and discipline in children aged 5-6 years in TKIB, Pandeglang Regency, to find out the various characteristics of children in TKIB, Pandeglang Regency, and to find out the teacher's obstacles in forming character social care and child discipline. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with data collection tools namely observation, interviews, documentation and triangulation, in this study the subjects of the research were children aged 5-6 years. The results of the study show that the implementation of the teacher's example in shaping the character of social care and discipline in children is urgently needed. This can be seen from the way the teacher sets a good example by implementing the character values of social care and discipline in daily learning activities at school. However, there are several obstacles faced by teachers regarding the formation of social care and child discipline characters such as time constraints where teachers do not have much time at school to continue implementing these things. In addition to the time factor, the child's personal circumstances are also one of the obstacles in forming the socially caring and disciplined character of children through the implementation of the teacher's example. So it can be concluded that the implementation of the teacher's example is very influential in shaping the social care and discipline character of children aged 5-6 years in TKIB, Pandeglang Regency, Banten.

Background Low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem in Indonesia, and is a leading cause of neonatal mortality. Adequate antenatal care (ANC) utilization would help to prevent the incidence of LBW babies. This study aims to examine the association between ANC utilization and LBW children among women with high-risk birth criteria. High-risk birth criteria consisted of 4T which were too young (mother’s age 35 years old), too close (age gap between children 2 children). Methods This study utilized calendar data from the women’s module from the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS), with the unit of analysis only the last birth of women of childbearing age (15–49), which numbered 16,627 women. From this number, analysis was done by separating the criteria for women with high-risk birth. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to assess the impact of ANC and socio-demographic factors on LBW among women with high-risk birth criteria. Results This study revealed that only among women with too many children criteria (>2 children), adequate ANC utilization was significantly associated with LBW of children, even after controlling for a range of socio-demographic factors (p < 0.05). In all four women criteria, preterm birth was more likely to have LBW than those infants who were born normally (above and equal to 2500 grams) (p < 0.001). Conclusions According to WHO, qualified ANC standards have not been fully implemented, including in the case of ANC visits of at least eight times, and it is hoped that ANC with health workers at health facilities can be increased. There is also a need for increased monitoring of pregnant women with a high risk of 4T to keep doing ANC visits to reduce LBW births.

Personal hygiene is a person's effort to maintain cleanliness and health. One of the activities during morning care regarding patient personal hygiene that nurses often forget is performing oral hygiene. The results of interviews conducted with the patient's family indicated that oral hygiene treatment was rarely carried out. Therefore, it was necessary to provide education to increase nurses' knowledge about oral hygiene—the activity aimed at helping nurses to understand the importance of performing oral hygiene care. The implementation of the activity was carried out directly by the nurse by conducting a pre-test, giving material, and ending with a post-test. The results of the pre-test were the level of knowledge of nurses about oral hygiene care before being given education; namely, seven families had good knowledge (23%), ten families had sufficient knowledge (33%), and 13 families had poor knowledge (44%). The post-test results were the family knowledge level in the HCU Internal Medicine ward at RSUP Dr M. Djamil Padang after being given education; 25 families had good knowledge (83%), and five families had sufficient knowledge (17%). Based on these results, the educational activity was beneficial, can increase nurses' knowledge about oral hygiene care, and can be applied directly to patients. The suggestion is that nursing managers can control oral hygiene care to optimize nursing services.

A high pre-marital sexual behaviour with a correspondingly high pregnancy rate was observed amongst teenagers in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. This phenomenon was caused by several factors which include, a decrease in the utilization of reproductive health services, inadequate information on appropriate sexual behaviour before marriage, work from home and the Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh/ distance learning policies which increased the use of internet and exposure to pornography. This study aimed to identify the determinant factors associated with adolescent pre-marital sexual behaviour in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The method involved the use of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews by searching for relevant articles through ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed and Garuda (Garba Rujukan Digital) Portal. Twenty-one (21) articles were analysed in this study. The results showed that knowledge about reproductive health, or more specifically pre-marital sexual behaviour, was related to pre-marital sexual behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, attitudes, communication media, peers and family were also related to adolescent pre-marital sexual behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, it is necessary to prevent pre-marital sexual behaviour through health promotion to improve adolescent knowledge and attitudes, use of the latest communication media and increase in the role of peer educators and parents.

Nursing services are often used as a benchmark for the image and quality of a hospital in the eyes of the public. One indicator of service quality is nursing documentation. Nursing documentation is a nursing care process for patients that must be carried out by nurses. The results of interviews conducted with nurses in the Men's Internal Room at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang found that nursing documentation through IDHS, SLKI, and SIKI had not run optimally. Therefore, it is necessary to provide education on the application of the SDKI, SLKI, and SIKI in carrying out nursing documentation. The purpose of this activity is that nurses can apply nursing documentation with SDKI, SLKI, SIKI to patients. The implementation of the activity was carried out directly to the nurses with a total of 30 respondents starting with the pretest, giving material, and ending with the post test. The results of the pre test were the level of knowledge of nurses in the Men's Internal Room of Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang regarding the application of SDKI, SLKI, and SIKI in nursing documentation before being given education, namely 7 nurses had good knowledge (23%), 10 nurses had sufficient knowledge (33%), 13 nurses have less knowledge (44%). The results of the post test were the level of knowledge of nurses in the Men's Internal Room Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang regarding the application of SDKI, SLKI, and SIKI in nursing documentation after being given education, namely 25 nurses had good knowledge (83%), 5 nurses had sufficient knowledge (17%). Based on these results it can be concluded that this educational activity is very useful and can increase nurses' knowledge about documentation and can be applied directly to patients. The suggestion is that nursing managers can control the nursing documentation process so that the quality of nursing services can be optimal.

The purpose of this study was to determine the politeness strategies used by teachers when teaching English in coeducational classrooms and the impact of these strategies on students. We focused on analyzing teachers' verbal perceptions of off-record politeness and explained the implications of politeness as found in two English lesson recordings. Researchers employed targeted selection and informative qualitative studies to obtain data. Data were collected through interviews and observations. Researchers transcribed the conversation and applied the theory of Brown and Levinson to analyze it. The subjects of this study were high school English teachers in South Sulawesi. Researchers observed classrooms by recording teacher activity and analyzing it using The theory of etiquette techniques by Brown and Levinson. Consequently, the effects on students in learning are motivation, student attitudes (emotional), respect for teachers, self-confidence, activity, participation in the teaching and learning process, and integrity.

This study raises the issue of how to improve speaking skills using the smartphone-based Pinterest application for second-semester students. The purpose of this study was to determine the improvement of speaking skills using the smartphone-based Pinterest application for second-semester students. The type of research used in this research is Classroom Action Research (CAR). The research subjects are second-semester students. The research instruments are an observation sheet and a performance test sheet. The data analysis technique used is the descriptive statistical technique. The results of the study on second-semester students, experienced a good increase from the learning outcomes of the first cycle to the second cycle, with the standard value of student learning mastery of 85 classical standards. The average value in the first cycle is 48.00 with the level of completeness of learning outcomes in the first cycle of 10% and 90% incomplete. While the learning outcomes in the second cycle with an average value of 85.46 with the completeness level of learning outcomes in the second cycle of 96%, this figure indicates that the average value of the first cycle and the second cycle has increased so that the smartphone-based Pinterest application in improving speaking skills can improve student learning outcomes. HIGHLIGHTS: • Student skills in terms of pressure on speechreading and host script reading have gone up by 2.03; • Student skills in terms of grammatical aspects have gone up by 2.2; • Students' speaking skills in terms of vocabulary have gone up by 2.04;

Penyelenggaraan pendidikan di Kota Padang sudah dilakukan dengan daring dan tatap muka termasuk pada jenjang pendidikan sekolah dasar. Pembelajaran tatap muka beresiko tinggi terhadap penularan COVID-19. Untuk itu protokol kesehatan pencegahan COVID-19 menjadi sangat penting yang harus diterapkan oleh siswa dan pihak sekolah. Dari hasil pengamatan siswa sekolah dasar di SDN 21 Lubuk Lintah Kecamatan Kuranji masih belum mematuhi protokol kesehatan seperti cuci tangan, menjaga jarak dengan teman dan masker yang sering tergantung dileher Untuk meningkatkan perilaku siswa melaksanakan protokol kesehatan dapat dilakukan dengan health literacy. Tujuan kegiatan ini untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan anak usia sekolah tentang pentingnya menerapkan protokol kesehatan pencegahan COVID-19 serta menerapkan protokol kesehatan pencegahan COVID-19 di sekolah maupun di luar lingkungan sekolah. Kegiatan dilakukan di TPQ Masjid Al Jadid Karang Ganting Kecamatan Kuranji dikarenakan belum ada kejelasan kapan akan dilakukan pembelajaran tatap muka setelah pembelajaran kembali dilakukan secara daring. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan pendekatan health literacy yaitu dengan pemberian materi tentang COVID-19 dan protokol kesehatan pencegahan COVID-19 kepada 50 siswa, mendemonstrasikan pelaksanaan protokol kesehatan dan memotivasi siswa untuk menerapkan protokol kesehatan. Kegiatan dilanjutkan dengan penyerahan masker, hand sanitizer, sabun cuci tangan kepada Kepala TPQ masjid Al Jadid dan menempelkan poster cara cuci tangan dan poster protokol kesehatan. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan perilaku melaksanakan protokol pada saat pre-test dan post-test. Saran untuk pihak sekolah dan pihak TPQ agar terus memotivasi siswa untuk melakukan protokol kesehatan dan memonitor pelaksanaan protokol kesehatan.

Community compliance to implement health protocols began to slacken in New Normal Period. This decrease in compliance is in line with the sloping rate of Covid-19 transmission in West Sumatra. There was a new case of Covid-19 again on November 1, 2021, after reaching a peak case during the pandemic. Education on social media such as TV, Facebook, and Instagram, which has been intensively carried out so far, has not been able to increase the knowledge and motivation of the community to carry out health protocols and Covid-19 vaccination. Based on the early observations, one community did not wear a face mask when doing activities due to a lack of trust in Covid-19. The results of further interviews with members of a social community found doubts about the Halal status of the current vaccination. Therefore, providing an educational method closer to the community was essential by attending group activities outside, such as Majelis Taklim at the Nurul Huda Mosque, Padang, West Sumatra. The educational method was implemented offline and given a pre-test and post-test to know the value. This activity was carried out on November 4, 2021. The results of the evaluation showed that there was an increase in public knowledge about health protocols and vaccinations in Padang.

The conflict between the Muslim-Thai community and the Royal Thai Government for quite a long time since the acquisition of Southern Thailand Muslim areas (Yala, Narathiwat, Pattani, Songkhla and Satun) from Britain into the Thai kingdom under the umbrella of the Anglo-Siamese Treaty 1909. This historical research intends to answer one question: why did the Muslim-Thai conflict with the Royal Thai Government drag on? As a result, the Thai Government's initial program was to build nationalism with a Buddhist state ideology through the use of the Thai language with the Thai Rathaniyom jargon, which means Thailand for the Thai people. Malay language is prohibited, Islamic educational institutions must follow national education standards. This is where the Muslim-Thai resistance begins. The resistance varied to voice the aspirations of Muslim-Thai residents in the South who wanted them to be given the authority to manage themselves.

This study investigates the efficacy of audio-visual technologies in assisting MSU third-year students in learning English vocabulary. The interplay of audio-visual aids in educational conversations has been researched from a variety of perspectives (Tuovinen, 2000). Multimedia is a multimodal experience in which information is communicated through text, graphics, pictures, audio, and video. It has been demonstrated that a combination of words and images always carries a substantial quantity of information (Mayer, 2018: 55). The use of multimedia in teaching and learning. The goal of this research is to determine the efficiency of audiovisual aids in the learning of English vocabulary among MSU third-year students. The use of multimedia in instruction and learning threatens the foundations of higher education. The current study investigates how third-year students at Malaysia's Management and Science University use multimedia in their English studies (MSU). To fulfill the study's aims, the researchers used both a qualitative and quantitative approach. An online poll of 200 students enrolled in the Bachelor of English as a second language program was used to construct the study corpus (BTESL). In addition, 150 MSU students from the same program were polled. The study's findings indicate that multimedia inspires BTESL students to learn English creatively and engagingly. It also aroused students' attention and compelled them to learn new terms. Multimedia, according to the study, is an excellent tool for third-year English students. It also helps students enhance their understanding of correct terminology and language.

examined is the types and level code-mixing. In types and level code-mixing, researchers used the Suwito theory. As for the types of code-mixing, including inner code-mixing and outer code-mixing, while in code-mixing level consists of six words: word-level code-mixing, phrase-level code-mixing, clause level code, baster level code-mixing, repetition level code-mixing, and code-mixing level idioms. This research design used is qualitative research. Qualitative research, among others, is descriptive. The data is collected more in the form of words or pictures rather than numbers. The qualitative descriptive method is a method that researchers can use to analyze by doing fact-finding with the right interpretation. Qualitative research is closely associated with the context. Based on the results of the analysis from London to Bali, the data was obtained for types of code-mixing consisting of inner code-mixing 115 data, outer code-mixing 46 data, and level code-mixing consisting of word-level code-mixing 145 data, phrase level code-mixing 10 data, code-mixing clause level 4 Data, baster level code-mixing 1 data, repetition level code-mixing 3 data, idiom level code-mixing 0 data.

Background: Complete basic immunization for infants in Indonesia is an obligation in an effort to protect infant health. It is one of the important indicators in determining the quality of health services in a certain area. However, the coverage of complete basic immunization in Indonesia in 2017 and 2018 has not been achieved nationally with National Strategic Planning and it has not been achieved the targets of 80% of districts/cities in 2019. Objective: This study aims to analyze the factors correlated to the complete basic immunization coverage of infants in Indonesia in 2017-2019. Methods: Ecological analysis was carried out using secondary data from the report of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2017-2019. Univariate analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and one sample Kolmogorov Smirnov. Bivariate analysis was conducted by correlation test (Pearson and Spearman) and scatter plot. Results: Complete basic immunization for infants had a significant correlation with the adequacy of midwives at the primary health care in 2017 (r = -0.337). There was significant correlation between poverty and complete basic immunization in 2017 and 2018 (r = -0.362 and r = -0.535). In 2019, active Integrated Service Post (Posyandu) was correlated to the complete basic immunization (r = 0.444). The first neonatal visit was correlated to the complete basic immunization of infants for three consecutive years (2017-2019). Conclusion: Efforts that can be made to increase the coverage of complete basic immunization in Indonesia are increasing the distribution of midwives in Indonesia, increasing the coverage of the first neonatal visit by paying attention to Posyandu cadres, especially in provinces with high poverty rates.

Pada masa pandemi Covid-19 ini, aktivitas fisik dan memanfaatkan pekarangan rumah untuk tanaman obat keluarga sangat dianjurkan untuk dilakukan karena dapat meningkatkan imunitas tubuh seseorang dan akan mengurangi terjangkit penyakit Covid-19. Aktivitas fisik dan tanaman obat keluarga (TOGA) merupakan salah satu program dari Gerakan Masyarakat Hidup Sehat. GERMAS ini merupakan salah satu program yang telah dicanangkan oleh Pemerintah. Hasil survei yang dilakukan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Dadok Tunggul Hitam Padang Kecamatan Koto Tangah diketahui bahwa sebagian besar masyarakat jarang melakukan aktivitas fisik yang dapat meningkatkan sistem imunitas tubuh. Kegiatan ini bertujuan dalam rangka upaya peningkatan sistem imunitas agar terhindar dari virus Covid-19. Pelaksanaan kegiatan dilakukan secara langsung dengan menerapkan protokol kesehatan yang ketat. Kegiatan dimulai dengan melakukan aktivitas fisik berupa senam aerobic dan memberikan serta menjelaskan jenis dan manfaat bibit tanaman obat keluarga kepada 15 Kepala Keluarga dimana 1 Kepala Keluarga mendapatkan 5 bibit tanaman obat keluarga. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pentingnya senam aerobik serta jenis dan manfaat tanaman obat keluarga pada saat pre test dan post test. Saran untuk pihak puskesmas yaitu melakukan monitoring terhadap hasil edukasi ini.

Achievement motivation is the urge to do the best possible, in order to obtain the best results in accordance with the expected conditions, by trying hard, and outperforming others based on certain quality standards. The low development of achievement motivation of children aged 4-6 years and the application of the role playing method still uses limited media. The purpose of this study is to describe how to provide achievement motivation, and how children respond when giving achievement motivation. The methodology used in this study is a literature study that describes how the role-playing method is used in TK ABA Buntu Dea, Tongko Village. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of research through the role playing method can affect achievement motivation in early childhood because with achievement motivation children can get to know each other's characteristics better, and increase self-confidence. Thus the role playing method is considered effective as a learning method to increase achievement motivation in early childhood. Keywords: Achievement motivation, role playing method, children, kindergarten References Masykur, Achnad Mujab. (2015).Hubungan antara motivasi berprestasi siswa dengan kedisiplinan pada siswa kelas VIII regular MtsN Nganju. Jurnal Empati. Vol 4.no 2,(146-152). Kartiningrum, Eka Diah. (2015).Lembaga penelitian dan pengabdian masyarakat politeknik Kesehatan majapahit. Ekacahyamaulidiyah.blogspot.com/2014/02/anak-usia-dini_6.html. Eliningsih, E. (2021). Peningkatan Kemampuan Guru Dalam Manajemen Pengelolaan Kelas Di Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Melalui Supervisi Klinis Pengawas Di SDN 15 Perawang. Nuansa Akademik: Jurnal Pembangunan Masyarakat, 6(1), 25–36. Sudiyani, Emy.(2020). Pengembangan karakter anak usia dini melalui pembelajaran model parenting. Erlin. (2018).Keefektifan pembelajaran bermain peran untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran matematetika materi perbandingan dan aritmatika social kelas V SD Negeri 020 Balikpapan. Jurnal sistem operasi. Vol 1. No 2. Zahro, Fatimah. (2015). Penilaian Dalam Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini.vol.1/no.1 Hidayat, F., Hidayat, I., Ghofur, A., & Santoso, F. S. (2021). Penanganan Kesehatan Pasien Reaktif COVID-19 Melalui Terapi Zikir Dan Lingkungan Wawasan Pengalaman Subyektif. Ulumuddin : Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman, 11(1), 1–12. Imroatun, I., Widat, F., Fauziddin, M., Farida, S., Maryam, S., & Zulaiha. (2021). Youtube as a Media for Strengthining Character Education in Early Childhood. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1779(1), 012064. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1779/1/012064 Lubis, H. Z. (2018). METODE PENGEMBANGAN BAHASA ANAK PRA SEKOLAH. JURNAL RAUDHAH, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.30829/RAUDHAH.V6I2.277 Lubis, H. Z., Ginting, R. B., Sitepu, S. U. B., & Mahyarani, D. (2020). Pembeajaran Keterampilan Berbicara Berbasis Daring (Stui Inovasi Pendidik di TK Aisyiyah Bustanul Athfal 5 Medan di Masa Wabah Covid 19). Hikmah, 17(1), 13–25. https://doi.org/10.53802/HIKMAH.V17I1.83 Mastoah, I., & MS, Z. (2020). Kendala Orang Tua Dalam Mendampingi Anak Belajar Pada Masa Covid 19 Di Kota Serang. As-Sibyan: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 5(2), 121–128. Makarao, Nurul Ramadhani. (2009).Metode Mengajar Dalam Bidang Kesehatan. Bandung:Alfabeta Nuryati, N. (2018). Pengembangan Akidah Akhlak Pada Anak Usia Dini Melalui Metode Modeling. As-Sibyan : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 3(1), 1–14. Nuzliah.(2017).Pendekatan layanan Bimbingan Konseling pada anak usia dini. Jurnal Pendidikan anak. Vol 3. No 1.(108-118). Pandoman, A. (2020). Analisis Quietus Politik Terhadap Upaya Pemerintah Menangani Wabah Covid-19 Pasca Deklarasi Public Health Emergency Of International Concern (PHEIC). Ulumuddin: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman, 10(1), 1–12. Putra, A. P. (2021). EFEKTIFITAS PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19, METODE DAN EVALUASI. Intersections, 6(1), 13–22. Damayanti, Ratih. (2019).Upaya meningkatkan Awarenes keselamatan di sekolah dasar dengan metode role play. Jurnal of community service and engangements. Syafaruddin. (2015).Bimbingan dan Konseling di Pendidikan anak usia dini. Sarbani, Yohanes adven. (2018).Memahami motivasi berprestasi dan manfaat penggunaan gawai bagi generasi digital native. Enisa, Yudha. (2015).Peran metode bermain peran dalam peningkatan karakter anak usia dini. Yuzarion. (2020).Motivasi berprestasi pada siswa SMA dalam perspektif islam.Jurnal psikologi terapan dan pendidikan.vol.2/no.1

The heart is an important organ of the human body. The heart functions to pump blood throughout the body. Health conditions can be seen in the condition of heart function. The heart’s function can be known through the beat when pumping blood. The manufacture of a heart rate device has been carried out using the PPG method. This tool uses the MAX30102 sensor as input. The measurement results are displayed on the smartphone. This tool can calculate the heart rate by sticking the surface of the fingertips for ten seconds. The light waves emitted by the sensor source will hit the surface of the finger. Changes in blood volume cause changes in light intensity according to what is received by the sensor. Based on the test results, the average standard deviation of this tool's heart rate measurement is 1.176. If considered the data from the pulse oximeter is correct, then this tool has an accuracy of 98.804%.

Diarrhea is still the second leading cause of death in toddlers besides pneumonia. The highest number of cases of diarrhea in toddlers in East Java is Surabaya. This study aimed to describe the distribution of toddler diarrhea based on risk factors using a regional mapping approach in Surabaya. This study was an ecological study with a regional mapping approach. The independent variables used as risk factors for toddler diarrhea were healthy latrines, drinking water facilities, open defecation free (ODF), and complete basic immunizations. The unit of analysis used was the districts that were processed from the Surabaya Health Profile data in 2019. Results showed most cases of diarrhea under five occurred in Wonokromo, Sawahan, Tambak Sari, and Kenjeran District. There was a significant relationship between toddler diarrhea with complete basic immunization (p = 0.008), while the relationship with healthy latrines, ODF, and drinking water sanitation was not significant. This study concluded that 8 of 31 districts were prioritized for handling toddler diarrhea in Surabaya. In addition, there is a need for dissemination to the community through optimizing the role of health workers at the Puskesmas regarding complete basic relationships and the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers.

Introduction: Adolescent birth has many negative impacts on the development of a country. Preparing for pregnancy needs to be done from adolescence so that adolescents and women are healthy during pregnancy and give birth to healthy babies. In Indonesia, the adolescent birth rate is still high. This study aimed to identify the determinants of adolescent birth (birth at ages 15-19 years) in Indonesia. Methods: This study was a quantitative study using secondary data from the 2019 Government Performance and Accountability Survey, the result of a collaboration between the National Population and Family Planning Board and Central Bureau of Statistics, with representative sample coverage at province and national levels (n=7786). Simple and multiple logistic regression tests were used to analyze data in this study. Results: Total responses in this study were 7786, of whom 373 had had an adolescent birth (4.8%). Significant factors for adolescent birth were working, coming from a rural area, having a low level of welfare and first having sexual intercourse at ages 15-19 years. Level of education, having information on family planning, having access to print or electronic media, and age at first marriage had no significant effect on adolescent birth. Conclusion: This study concludes that the most influential factor for adolescent birth is the age of first having sexual intercourse. The authors suggest designing media more suitable to the needs of adolescents to prevent early sexual intercourse and reduce the high adolescent birth rate in Indonesia.

The purpose of implementing community service is to encourage active participation of mosque takmirs in Bangunharjo Village, Sewon District, Bantul Regency to strengthen their role in handling tectonic earthquakes, especially mitigation. For this reason, activities are directed at enriching knowledge and technology about reducing the impact of earthquakes on the community in a sustainable manner by mosque leaders and administrators so that their role can be effective in mitigation activities. The appropriate participatory approach is an option in carrying out debriefing to motivate mosque administrators to be fully involved in mitigation activities as well as readiness to act and coordinate when an earthquake occurs. Important notes from the community that can be followed up are, among others, the need for assistance is very real, especially from information and technology in handling earthquake problems and strengthening socialization in the form of a curriculum that is more permanent and easy to implement in mosques, especially for children studying in TPA and congregation recitation. This segmentation is expected to be the success of disaster mitigation programs, especially those relating to earthquake mitigation issues related to the religious sector.

The direction of the Qibla is very important in salat prayer. Having to know the direction means being part of a series of prerequisite prayer requirements. For the people of Mecca and those who live there, Qibla is not a problem because they do not experience difficulties in determining it. However, for countries and cities outside Mecca in the State of Saudi Arabia it is a very important issue as to which direction the Qibla to the Ka'bah is right to accurate. There are several methods that have been invented and have been practiced and achieved accurate results, but not all ulama of fiqh can fully accept them. Through the study of Indonesian literature on the direction of the Qibla and discussed with descriptive qualitative, opinions and reasons are further explored that help address the need for discussion in astronomy. Not all circles are capable of accepting technological developments, there are some groups who refuse that it is sufficient to determine the direction of the Qibla facing west. Among the groups who reject it, namely traditional scholars or ancient kyai, they believe that the mosque built by the wali cannot be wrong or may not face the Qibla.

The classification of the aroma pattern of pork oil and canola oil on the chemometric-based electronic nose has been classified. The electronic nose used is a series of chemical sensors combined in parallel. Sensors are made of semiconductor material that can detect changes in gas in the air. Each sample measured by an electronic nose provides output in the form of different voltages on each sensor. The data processing method used is Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) which is able to classify based on patterns. The samples used were canola oil, pork oil and a mixture of pork oil and canola oil with a percentage of 50%: 50%. The results of the classification of electronic nose patterns with samples of pork oil and canola oil show that each sample is fairly well clustered with the value of the first disk function is 99.9% and the second discriminant function value is 0.1%.

No Abstract

This qualitative case study research deals with the implementation of the 100 Mosques / Musalla movement which socializes the MUI fatwa number 5 of 2010 concerning the Direction of the Qibla in Sleman Regency. by taking two districts to represent the conditions of urban and rural communities. The data collection methods are involved observation, documentation and interviews with 10 informants from community leaders in the two regions. Some people reject change because of their belief in the myth of the ijtihad of their predecessors, besides considering technology not as a means to perfect worship, including measuring the direction of the Qibla. However, most of the changes due to the certification of the mosque's Qibla direction do not require changes to the building, but only adjusting the prayer lines (saff) in the mosque. The dissemination of astronomical technology, which is understood as a form of ijtihad, can be done so that changes and developments that occur in the direction of the mosque's qibla can be accepted by the community.

this paper examines the inheritance relating to joint property in marriage and recipients in the form of a comparison between Islamic law and customary law normatively. Customary law here is related to other customs and customs adopted by the Muslim community. Islamic law and customary law of Indonesian Muslim tribes have in common especially in terms of inheritance barriers. The potential for equality in the distribution of inheritance, including shared and inherited assets, is also very prominent.

Nowadays, drugs (narcotics, psychotropic, and addictive substances) abuse gradually increases in the adolescent group, especially High School students. Environmental impact, especially social interaction, gives a high effect on building the character in adolescents. The existence of peer-education activity is one of the promotive and preventive strategies in mitigating drug abuse. This research was done in 10 high schools in Surabaya spread over five regions (Central, North, South, West, and East). This research was quantitative with the cross-sectional design while the data analysis used was a Chi-Square test with a p-value of

Background: Adolescents are a vulnerable group who have great curiosity and need access to various adolescent health information. Therefore, the government has implemented a strategy through the implementation of Youth Care Health Services (YCHS). However, some of the stakeholders and youth have limited access to YCHS especially the ones delivered in schools setting. The purpose of this study was to investigate the implementation of adolescent health programs in schools especially public schools and religion-based schools. Design and methods: This study was an analytic observational quantitative study by using a cross-sectional design.This study was conducted in public schools and religion-based schools in North Surabaya Indonesia. The sample in this study consisted of 100 students through a simple random sampling technique. Results: There was a difference in the level of knowledge of adolescent reproductive health between public schools and religion-based schools (p=0,047). Student’s attitudes (p=0,000) and environmental influences (p=0,000) both related with reproductive health contents. However, there was no difference in adolescent’s attitudes about adolescent reproductive health programs (p=0,190) and adolescent’s exposure to adolescent reproductive health policies (p=0,196). Conclusion: The implementation of adolescent health programs in two types of schools (public and religion-based) were different. Adolescents should have the same rights to obtain knowledge about adolescent health as the prelude for forming a positive attitude. Therefore, stakeholders need to conduct regular monitoring and evaluation on the implementation of standardized adolescent health programs in all types of schools.

Background: Student groups are prone to drug abuse. The prevalence of drugs in the past year among high school students in Surabaya, Indonesia occupies the highest provincial capital (9.4%). The purpose of this study analyzed the relationship between knowledge about drugs, attitudes about peer education, gender, class, and students' intention to participate in peer education programs in HEY (Health Educator for Youth) activities. Design and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with student participants (12-18 years) in six high schools in Surabaya, Indonesia (n=167). This study used an online survey to assess knowledge of drugs and students' attitudes about HEY peer education activities. Results: More than half of the students have insufficient knowledge about drugs and have negative attitudes about peer education in HEY activities. This study also showed that students' intention to participate in peer education was not influenced by the level of knowledge, student attitudes, and gender. The results of statistical tests showed that there was a relationship between class and student participation in peer education activities. This showed that the student's factor regarding participation in peer education was a class category where the lower class is more motivated to participate. Conclusion: Most students have less knowledge about drugs and a negative attitude about peer education. However, the intention to participate in peer education activities is more thus it is necessary to improve the quality of peer educators through activities that are performed regularly by various relevant stakeholders.

A chemometric-based electronic nose has designed for analyzing pork oil and olive oil using the odor pattern classifications. The electronic nose (e-nose) built from a combination of several chemical sensors derived from a semiconductor. The data retrieval was done by vaporizing the sample, then being captured by the sensor and identified by the electronic nose (e-nose). The output data from the electronic nose is the voltage released by each sensor. The analyzed samples were 100% olive oil, 100% pork oil and a combination of olive oil and pork oil with a ratio of 50%: 50%. The result of pattern classification using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) method shows that each sample is clustered well with the percentage of first discriminant function value is 87,9% and second discriminant function is 12,1%.

Abstract. DKUKB (Dari Kita Untuk Kita Bersama) waste bank of Sumbersari Village, Ciparay District, Bandung Regency is part of ecovillage which is a community production waste management program. Along with its development, the waste bank requires the development of the ability to manage and develop the waste bank program. In addition, the waste bank can attract villagers to save in the garbage bank. The problem encountered is that the administrator have not optimally understood the management of the waste bank and the administration system of the waste bank that has not been managed properly. The solutions provided provide knowledge and training on waste bank information systems. The method of implementation is with the training and mentoring model. The expected result is knowledge and expertise in carrying out administrative activities of the waste bank. Keywords: waste bank management, DKUKB Waste Bank, marketing communication training, financial management training, information system introduction training Abstrak. Bank Sampah DKUKB (Dari Kita Untuk Kita Bersama) Desa Sumbersari, Kecamatan Ciparay, Kabupaten Bandung merupakan bagian dari ecovillage merupakan program penanggulangan sampah produksi masyarakat. Seiring dengan perkembangannya, bank sampah memerlukan pengembangan terutama pada kemampuan pengelola dan pengembangan program bank sampah. Selain itu, bank sampah yang dapat menarik minat warga desa lainnya untuk menabung di bank sampah. Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah masih perlunya pemahaman pengelolaan bank sampah dan sistem administrasi bank sampah yang belum terkelola dengan baik dan masih dilakukan secara manual. Solusi diantaranya memberikan pengetahuan dan pelatihan sistem informasi bank sampah. Metoda pelaksanaan dengan penyuluhan dan pelatihan. Hasil yang diharapkan adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan pengelola dalam melakukan kegiatan administrasi bank sampah. Kata kunci: pengelolaan bank sampah, Bank Sampah DKUKB, pelatihan komunikasi pemasaran, pelatihan manajemen keuangan, pelatihan pengenalan sistem informasi

Lesson Study was firstly applied in Palopo City (Indonesia), and Universitas Cokroaminoto Palopo was the only institution, which is entrusted to develop it outside Makassar, as the learning process in 2013 until the present time. The models of cooperative and collaborative learning have indicated the positive thing in improving the material of English for Specific Purposes and reduce the impractical theory-based course, the activities of lesson study are generally run properly and it needs the well-managed scheduled to arrange all the necessary things in it from early to the last cycle of the lesson study. In short, the lesson study is improving the students’ cooperation, collaboration motivation, and initiative in learning ESP course. The sharing and discussion among the lecturers before and after the class is also revitalizing the spirit of traditional local wisdom and values, which is called tudang sipulung, it is clearly seen that the cooperation, collaborative, mutual respects spirit in lesson study is relevant to the local wisdom and supports the local values of tudang sipulung.

This research aimed to know the effect of physics learning method with virtual experiment on motivation and physics learning result of 10th grade students of MAN 2 Mataram in academic year of 2014/2015. This experiment employed posttest only control group design. Samples were taken by using purposive sampling technique. X 3 class was chosen as experiment class and X 5 as control class. The result showed that motivation and learning results of experiment class students mean score were 78.75 and 78.20, respectively, while the motivation and learning results of control class students mean score were 68.29 and 64.67. The motivation data of both classes were homogeneous. On the other hand, the learning results of both classes were not homogeneous. Both data were analyzed by using t-test. It was obtained that tcount score were 6.10 and 5.18 for motivation and learning results, respectively, with ttabel score were 1.99 and 2.04 at significant rate of 5%. The tcount was greater than ttabel, which meant there was difference between the students who were got the physics learning method with virtual experiment and the conventional one. It can be concluded that physics learning method with virtual experiment affected motivation and physics learning results.ÃÂ

Indonesia is rich geological resources consisting of rocks, minerals and minerals. Talking about the geology is very closely related to prehistoric times because of not finding written evidence from prehistoric times, the information concerning this age obtained through fields like paleontology, astronomy, biology, geology, anthropology, and archeology importance of preserving and maintaining prehistoric relics. So will foster a sense of responsibility to it. This is in line with the duties of the Directorate General of Culture Ministry of Education and Indonesian culture in its performance report which suggested that the remains of important historical remains preserved as a living lesson for the next generation. The research objective construct a conceptual foundation design of the design of the Museum of Geology and prehistory with high-tech architecture approach, applying double facade system, Ligth Pipe and photovoltaic systems in buildings, applying intelligent systems in utility buildings. This report is the result of designing buildings and prehistoric geological museum in Makassar with high-tech architecture approach.

Mengikuti perkembangan jumlah pelanggan seluler yang semakin pesat, para operator terus berusaha membangun infrastruktur agar layanan dan kualitasnya semakin meningkat. Salah satu infrastruktur penyelenggaraan yang terus menerus dibangun adalah Base Transceiver Station. Namun, pembangunan BTS tersebut harus mempertimbangkan estetika dan kesesuaian dengan Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW). Tugas akhir ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan metode Fuzzy Clustering dan Harmony Search untuk mengoptimalkan penempatan lokasi potensial menara baru sehingga diperoleh solusi yang optimal. Selain RTRW, titik potensial juga dapat ditentukan dengan menggunakan titik pusat cluster melalui metode Fuzzy C-Means. Setelah itu titik menara baru dapat dioptimasi dengan menggunakan metode Harmony Search dengan meminimalkan fungsi path loss. Hasil optimasi menunjukan bahwa untuk layanan 2G membutuhkan penambahan BTS sebanyak 343 BTS yang mampu melayani kebutuhan trafik sebesar 42230 Erlang, sedangkan untuk layanan 3G membutuhkan penambahan BTS sebanyak 278 BTS yang mampu melayani Offered Bit Quantity (OBQ) sebesar 1160857 Kbps dengan total luas coverage BTS nya sebesar 60.798 km2. namun dari segi jumlah menaranya tidak terjadi penambahan pada kedua jenis layanan ini. Hal ini dimaksudkan agar dapat mengefisienkan penggunaan menara eksisting. Dengan menggunakan metode Fuzzy Subtractive Clustering diperoleh 3 (tiga) jumlah cluster yang optimal di setiap kecamatan.