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4. A novel mapping method for assessing the applicability of reactive distillation to quaternary reaction systems

Author

Muthia, Rahma, Jobson, Megan, and Kiss, Anton

Subjects
Reactive distillation, Mapping method, Applicability assessment, Process intensification, Conceptual design
Abstract

Reactive distillation is a process intensification technology that promises significant improvements in the chemical industry by allowing the integration of reaction and separation to takes place simultaneously in a single apparatus. This integration, unfortunately, causes a complex interplay between mass transfer, chemical reaction and hydrodynamics within the column. As a consequence, the commercialisation of reactive distillation applications is hindered by challenges and difficulties in understanding, screening and designing the process. Many previous studies have developed different approaches for assessing the operability of reactive distillation during the conceptual design. Those methods provide a good basis for initialising the column design; however, their capability to generate reactive distillation design parameters, such as reflux ratio and the number of theoretical stages, tends to be limited to a single set of solutions. Furthermore, the assessment of the operability of reactive distillation has been reported to be lengthy and complicated mainly because of multi-nonlinear equations involved. Driven by the current limitations, this research proposes a new conceptual method that can simplify the assessment of the applicability of reactive distillation at the conceptual design by reducing computational effort. This novel approach, which is called a mapping method, is developed for quaternary reaction systems that are frequently encountered in industrial reactive distillation applications. This method visualises the applicability of reactive distillation in a plot of reflux ratio vs the number of theoretical stages that is called an applicability graph. The applicability of reactive distillation is assessed by employing hypothetical generic cases with two or three process characteristics, namely relative volatilities, chemical equilibrium constant and, in case of kinetically controlled reactions, the Damkohler number. To begin with, the method is introduced and developed for (near-) ideal reaction systems with both reactants as mid-boiling compounds, Tb,C < Tb,A < Tb,B < Tb,D. With this order of boiling points, an ease of products separation is anticipated as product C is predominantly present at the top and product D is largely present at the bottom part of reactive distillation columns. Next, the development of the mapping method is extended for (near-) ideal systems with other boiling point orders of compounds. And finally, the mapping method is developed for non-ideal reaction systems containing homogeneous and/or heterogeneous azeotropes. The development of the mapping method gives rise to the synthesis of a new framework that offers an aid for process engineers to make a go-/no-go decision about the application of reactive distillation before performing any rigorous simulations of RD processes. The proposed method is validated by either performing rigorous simulations for case studies or comparing the results of this work with those reported in previous studies using different approaches. The validation using case studies aims to demonstrate the advantages proposed by the mapping method, along with its limitation. This assessment is carried out by comparing the predicted applicability graph from pre-generated applicability graphs of generic cases and the actual applicability graph generated from rigorous simulations for case studies. The validation referring to previous studies aim to seek a possible agreement between the results generated in this work by employing generic cases and those obtained by previous studies by performing detailed computations for real reaction systems. This thesis demonstrates the potential usefulness of the mapping method to assess the applicability of reactive distillation for both near-ideal quaternary reaction systems that are not hindered by the formation of azeotropes and non-ideal quaternary reaction systems involving the existence of homogeneous and/or heterogeneous azeotropes. The proposed method is identified to be unsuitable for strongly non-ideal reaction systems; this limitation is analogous with that of shortcut methods for conventional distillation. This research shows the capability of the mapping method to envisage the applicability of reactive distillation based on pre-generated generic applicability graphs, prior to performing any rigorous computations for real reaction systems. Therefore, end-users of the mapping method, i.e. process engineers in the chemical industry, can expect to save time and reduce computational effort when evaluating the performance of reactive distillation at the conceptual design level.

Published
2020

5. Comprehensive technical analysis of post-combustion carbon capture and storage based on monoethanolamine absorption for petrochemical industry in Indonesia.

Author

Asyrofi, Muh, Muthia, Rahma, and Indianto, Mohammad Akita

Subjects
CARBON sequestration, PETROLEUM chemicals industry, GEOLOGICAL carbon sequestration, GAS power plants, CARBON analysis, VALUE capture, BIOMASS conversion
Abstract

The implementation of carbon capture and storage in the petrochemical industry is one of the means of decarbonization. This research focuses on a comprehensive technical analysis of the deployment of post-combustion carbon capture and storage based on monoethanolamine absorption in the petrochemical industry. The olefin complex petrochemical industry in Tuban, Indonesia, is the basis for the analysis, which includes a steam cracker, polyethylene, polypropylene, and raw pyrolysis gasoline hydrotreating units, with capacities of 1000, 940, 600, and 570 kilotons/year, respectively. The total energy consumption is about 16 024.53 GJ/h, and the CO2 emissions are about 1.6 megatons/year. Based on these plant systems, comprehensive technical analyses of the implementation of carbon capture and storage in that industry were performed using Aspen HYSYS® simulation software. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the total CO2 captured, energy intensity, monoethanolamine consumption, and net CO2 captured in various scenarios based on the number of absorber column stages, absorption pressure, and desorption temperature. The CO2 storage site is about 100 km away and is transported by an onshore pipeline with a supercritical phase of CO2. The optimal net CO2 capture value is achieved by setting up a 50-stage absorber column with a pressure of 1 barg and a temperature of 110°C at the top of the desorber column, resulting in a CO2 capture yield of 86.4% and an energy intensity of 12.6 GJ/ton CO2. Under these conditions, the net CO2 captured in the scenario based on gas power plants' electricity is 0.225 megatons/year, while in the scenario based on gas power plants incorporating 30% biomass electricity, it is 0.544 megatons/year. With increased use of renewable energy in carbon capture and storage facilities, more net CO2 is captured. This study can be applied to various cases of post-combustion carbon capture and storage implementation in the industrial sector, especially in the petrochemical industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Conceptual methods for synthesis of reactive distillation processes: recent developments and perspectives

Author

Kiss, A.A. (author), Muthia, Rahma (author), Pazmiño-Mayorga, Isabel (author), Harmsen, G.J. (author), Jobson, Megan (author), Gao, Xin (author), Kiss, A.A. (author), Muthia, Rahma (author), Pazmiño-Mayorga, Isabel (author), Harmsen, G.J. (author), Jobson, Megan (author), and Gao, Xin (author)

Abstract

Reactive distillation (RD) is a process intensification technique that offers major advantages over conventional technologies by enabling the integration of reaction and separation into a single apparatus. This integration introduces and exploits complex interaction between mass transfer, chemical reaction and hydrodynamics within an RD column; however, these complexities can hinder the adoption of RD by industry. Many approaches have been developed by the scientific community to advance understanding and to expedite the initialization of RD design at the conceptual level. This paper critically discusses recent developments in conceptual methods for synthesizing RD processes. This review paper is the first to consider the range of available approaches for assessing the technical feasibility, controllability, economic viability, and sustainability of RD units by taking into account various configurations in which RD is treated as a new unit operation, and as part of process synthesis in a different way of designing processes based on functions. The review also addresses complex configurations, such as advanced RD technologies. Special attention is paid to process modeling and simulation as well as to education. Knowledge gaps to be filled by further research are indicated., ChemE/Process Systems Engineering

Published
2024
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10. Techno–economic analysis of green hydrogen production by a floating solar photovoltaic system for industrial decarbonization.

Author

Muthia, Rahma, Pramudya, Anastasia Segari Putri, Maulana, Mochamad Rafly, and Purwanto, Widodo Wahyu

Subjects
GREEN fuels, PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems, HYDROGEN production, INDUSTRIALISM, HYDROGEN analysis, STEAM reforming
Abstract

This study proposes a conceptual design of green hydrogen production via proton exchange membrane electrolysis powered by a floating solar photovoltaic system. The system contributes to industrial decarbonization in which hydrogen blending with natural gas is proposed as an approach to smooth the energy transition. The proposed design addresses the challenge of supplying a continuous flow-rate of green hydrogen, which is typically demanded by industrial end users. This study particularly considers a realistic area required for the installation of a floating solar photovoltaic system. To enable the green hydrogen production of 7.5 million standard cubic feet per day, the required structure includes the floating solar photovoltaic system and Li-ion batteries with the nominal capacities of 518.4 megawatts and 780.8 megawatt-hours. This is equivalent to the requirement for 1 524 765 photovoltaic modules and 3718 Li-ion batteries. The assessment confirms the technical viability of the proposed concept of green hydrogen production, transportation and blending. While the present commercialization is hindered by economics due to a high green hydrogen production cost of USD 26.95 per kg, this green hydrogen pathway is expected to be competitive with grey hydrogen produced via coal gasification and via natural gas steam reforming by 2043 and 2047, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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17. PENGARUH FAKTOR IKLIM DAN KEPADATAN PENDUDUK TERHADAP KEJADIAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI KOTA ADMINISTRASI JAKARTA TAHUN 2018-2020

Author

Putri Rizki Amelia, Silvia Khansa, Diva Muthia Rahma, Nur Indah Iriana, Balqis Nila Estasya, Alfitra Firizkia Luthfiana Dewi, Firda Alfianti, and Rafi Aflah Fadlirahman

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Problems: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease that is transmitted through the bite of the Aedes sp. and it is still a public health problem in Indonesia. The survival of the dengue mosquito and the spread of the disease can be affected by climate factors such as rainfall, humidity, and air temperature. Population density is also a risk factor for the spread of dengue fever. The Aim of The Research: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between climate factors and population density on the incidence of dengue fever in the Jakarta Administrative City in 2018-2020. Reseacrh Method: This study uses an ecological study design by conducting statistical correlation tests on climate factor data with dengue cases in the Jakarta Administration City in 2018-2020. Spatial analysis was conducted to see the relationship between population density and the incidence of DHF in the same location. The Result: The results of this study did not find a significant relationship between rainfall and air temperature with the incidence of DHF in the Jakarta Administration City in 2018-2020. Air humidity and the incidence of dengue fever showed a significant relationship in Central Jakarta, West Jakarta, and North Jakarta, p-values ​​were p=0.017, p=0.043, and p=0.034. Population density produces dengue-prone areas in the city of Jakarta and has a significant influence. Conclusion: It is necessary to understand about the risk of DHF especially in areas with dense population density and increase our knowledge how to prevent this desease

Published
2022
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18. Analisa Faktor dan Perkembangan Tren Fintech di Indonesia

Author

Alejandro Billyjoe Mau Bere, Michelle Andriana, Muthia Rahma Kamila, Steven Budiono, and Noerlina Noerlina

Subjects
General Earth and Planetary Sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Financial Technology (Fintech) di Indonesia telah mengalami perkembangan semenjak awal tahun 1986, dimana mesin Anjungan Tunai Mandiri (ATM) diperkenalkan untuk pertama kalinya kepada masyarakat Indonesia, hingga saat ini. Semenjak saat itu, fintech telah mengalami perkembangan yang cukup signifikan. Fintech pada masa kini menjadi bagian dari keseharian masyarakat, dan semakin banyak perusahaan yang berlomba-lomba menyediakan layanan fintech kepada masyarakat, seperti peer-to-peer lending yang merupakan salah satu produk fintech yang ditawarkan kepada masyarakat. Hal yang menjadi objektif utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menelaah tren fintech yang sedang berlangsung di Indonesia pada masa kini, dan memprediksi akan seperti apa tren fintech di masa yang akan datang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review dengan menggunakan 28 karya ilmiah serta 2 buku sebagai sumber literatur. Dari penelitian yang kami lakukan, kami mendapati bahwa terdapat 4 faktor yang memiliki kontribusi terhadap tren fintech di Indonesia pada saat ini, yaitu teknologi, UMKM, hukum, dan layanan perbankan

Published
2022
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22. Kajian Mimetik dalam Light Novel Bungou Stray Dogs Osamu Dazai and Dark Age Karya Kafka Asagiri

Author

AZZAHRA, Muthia Rahma and AZZAHRA, Muthia Rahma

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kajian mimetik dalam novel Bungou Stray Dogs : Osamu Dazai and Dark Age menggunakan pendekatan mimetik yang dikemukakan oleh Abrams. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik studi pustaka dan simak catat pada pengumpulan datanya. Data dalam penelitian ini berupa kalimat dan kata-kata yang bersumber dari novel Dark Age. Hasil analisis data menemukan bahwa penggambaran realitas memiliki kaitan dengan struktur cerita melalui tokoh utama Sakunosuke Oda. Terdapat 15 data yang menggambarkan esensi unsur mimetik. Unsur mimetik yang dalam kajian yaitu, status hierarki dalam masyarakat, penokohan karakter Odasaku yang berhubungan dengan sastrawan Oda Sakunosuke, hubungan karakter dalam cerita dengan Odasaku, dan kematian Odasaku yang meniru kondisi saat Oda Sakunosuke meninggal. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Dark Age ditulis berdasarkan fakta, namun adanya informasi yang bertentangan dengan kebenaran atau telah mengalami modifikasi kembali menjadi pengingat bahwa Dark Age merupakan prosa fiksi.

Published
2023

23. A mapping method for quick assessment of reactive distillation applicability to ternary reaction systems

Author

Muthia, Rahma (author), Kiss, A.A. (author), Muthia, Rahma (author), and Kiss, A.A. (author)

Abstract

Reactive distillation (RD) is a process intensification technology that offers opportunities in the chemical industry. However, designing RD columns remains a demanding task as reaction and separation phenomena occur simultaneously in the column. Moreover, in the early phase of conceptual process design, most of the physical and chemical properties information is unknown. Aiming to deal with that constraint, this paper presents the latest development of a mapping method, for the quick evaluation of the RD applicability. Initially, the approach was introduced in our previous work but limited to quaternary reaction systems. The extended method development performed in this work shows the general suitability of the method for ternary reaction systems, in spite of decreased degree of freedom of the systems. The method validation based on an industrial case study shows that the deviations for predicted number of theoretical stages and reflux ratio are less than 10%. Using only generic cases with fixed representative relative volatilities, chemical equilibrium constant and the Damköhler number, end users of the mapping method can quickly perform the RD applicability screening without doing any extensive rigorous simulations for real systems., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., ChemE/Product and Process Engineering

Published
2023
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24. Instagram For Marketing Communication Art Events During Covid-19 (Case Study Of 2021 Biennale Jogja in Yogyakarta, Indonesia)

Author

Ningsih, Ida Nuraini Dewi Kodrat, Syamila, Muthia Rahma, Prastya, Narayana Mahendra, Ningsih, Ida Nuraini Dewi Kodrat, Syamila, Muthia Rahma, and Prastya, Narayana Mahendra

Abstract

In 2021 Indonesian government policy enforced restriction towards community activities, to prevent the Covid-19 spread. This policy affected many aspects, includes art events. This article aims to discuss the social media strategy by 2021 Biennale Jogja. That was the first international art event held hybrid (online and offline) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, during the Covid-19. Focus on this article was on the Instagram for marketing communication, because Instagram become the important tools for marketing communication. Methods: descriptive qualitative, data collecting techniques were interview with the 2021 Biennale Jogja organizer. As the data triangulation, we use the visitor responses by observing the Instagram analytics and trends, followed interview with visitors. Results grouped into four elements of social media marketing. First created buzz by spreading any information through Instagram to build engagement, include with the visitor who could not came to the venue. Second social media plan, by identified the target audience and their characteristics. Third was developed relationship with the audience by use the non-formal language in posted materials, the particular hashtags, and make content upload schedule. Fourth was analysed the data collected as evaluation by observed the number of social media reach, engagement, and followers during the event. To attract visitors’ attention, the organizer planned the theme such as information related to the entertainment, education about the artworks, and information about the procedure to visitor who want attend to the venue. Organizer posted different kind of message in the morning, afternoon,and evening. Organizer also created the visual identity for 2021 Jogja Biennale by use orange as the main colour, and blue, purple, and white as the additional colour.

Published
2023

25. Techno-economic analysis of a hybrid renewable energy system integrated with productive activities in an underdeveloped rural region of eastern Indonesia.

Author

Shafira, Alya Nurul, Petrana, Subhan, Muthia, Rahma, and Purwanto, Widodo Wahyu

Abstract

The Southwest Maluku region in eastern Indonesia is considered a frontier, outermost and underdeveloped region. Its inhabitants live on isolated islands, including the residents of Mahaleta Village, where only 9.4% of the community have limited access to electricity. This study aimed to design an economically feasible hybrid renewable energy (RE) system based on solar and wind energy to integrate with the productive activities of the village. The study developed conceptual schemes to meet the demand for electricity from the residential, community, commercial and productive sectors of the village. The analysis was performed using a techno-economic approach. The hybrid system was designed using the HOMER Pro optimization function, and cold-storage and dryer systems were designed to support related productive activities. The optimized design of the hybrid RE system comprised 271.62 kW of solar photovoltaics, 80 kW of wind turbines and a 1-MWh lead–acid battery. We found that the hybrid RE system would only be economically feasible with a full-grant incentive and an electricity tariff of $0.0808/kWh. However, the productive activity schemes were all economically feasible, with a cold-storage cost of $0.035/kg and a drying cost of $0.082/kg. Integrating the hybrid RE system with productive activities can improve the economic feasibility of the energy system and create more jobs as well as increase income for the local community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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27. Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh di Sekolah Dasar

Author

Muthia Rahma Savitri and Made Putra

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

Kurangnya sarana dan prasarana yang dimiliki oleh siswa maupun guru saat proses pembelajaran jarak jauh ini berlangsung membuat proses pembelajaran ini menjadi kurang efektif. Tujuan dilaksanakan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis keefektivitasan pelaksanaan pembelajaran jarak jauh di Sekolah Dasar. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan evaluasi dengan menggunakan model evaluasi CIPP (Context, Input, Process, Product). Subjek yang diteliti sebanyak 31 orang guru yang ada di Sekolah Dasar. Pengumpulan data evaluasi pelaksanaan pembelajaran jarak jauh ini dilakukan dengan metode non tes dan instrumen yang digunakan berupa kuesioner langsung. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistika deskriptif kuantitatif, kemudian dikonversikan ke dalam Z skor setelah itu ditransformasikan ke dalam T skor. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa komponen variabel context dengan efektivitas 16,3%, efektivitas variabel input sebesar 9,4%, efektivitas variabel process sebesar 9,6%, dan efektivitas variabel product sebesar 16,4%. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran jarak jauh di Sekolah Dasar termasuk dalam kuadran efektif. Implikasi penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan selama pembelajaran jarak jauh di Sekolah Dasar.

Published
2021
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32. Smartphone Addiction as Mediator Effect Loneliness to Empathy among Generation Z

Author

Muthia Rahma Syamila, Arifa Hamida, and H. Fuad Nashori

Subjects
Mediation (statistics), Negative relationship, media_common.quotation_subject, Smartphone addiction, mental disorders, medicine, Positive relationship, Empathy, Loneliness, medicine.symptom, Psychology, media_common, Clinical psychology
Abstract

This study aims to observe relationships between loneliness, smartphone addiction, and empathy in Generation Z. Hypotheses in this study assume that there is a relationship between smartphone addiction and empathy, that there is a relationship between loneliness and smartphone addiction, and that there is a relationship between loneliness and empathy. This study used the Smartphone Addiction Proneness Scale designed by Kim, Lee, Lee, Nam, and Chung, the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire developed by Spreng, McKinnon, Mar, and Levine, and the University of California Angeles-Loneliness Scale Version 3 arranged by Russell. A total number of 253 male and female respondents with age ranges of 18–23 years old participated in this study. Its results found that there was a significant negative relationship between smartphone addiction and empathy, that there was a significant positive relationship between loneliness and smartphone addiction. The results also show that the relationship between loneliness and empathy is fully mediated by smartphone addiction.

Published
2021
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35. Pengaruh Strategi Pembelajaran Active Knowledge Sharing Berbasis Socio Scientific Issues Terhadap Communication Skills Siswa Kelas X SMAS PAB 4 Sampali Pada Materi Keanekaragaman Hayati

Author

Wardani, Siti Muthia Rahma and Wardani, Siti Muthia Rahma

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh strategi pembelajaran active knowledge sharing berbasis socio scientific issues terhadap communication skills siswa pada materi keanekaragaman hayati. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian quasi eksperimen dan desain yang digunakan adalah nonequivalent control grup desain. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X IPA SMAS PAB 4 Sampali. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 25 siswa untuk kelas eksperimen dan 25 siswa untuk kelas kntrol. Teknik pengumpulan data digunakan adalah tes-t. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh bahwa kemampuan komunikasi tulis siwa pada kelas eksperimen yang menggunakan strategi active knowledge sharing lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas kontrol yang menggunakan pembelajaran konvensional. Hal ini dibutktikan melalui uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan test-t yang didapatkan t hitung = 2,628 dengan melihat krikteria uji taraf 5% diperoleh t tabel = 2,008, dimana dengan krikteria uji t hitung lebih besar dari t tabel = 2,638>2,008, sehingga H0 ditolak, berarti Ha diterima.

Published
2021

36. ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT PENGGUNAAN UANG ELEKTRONIK (E-CASH) BANK MANDIRI (SURVEI PADA MAHASISWA PASCASARJANA PTN DIKOTA PADANG)

Author

Muthia, Rahma Dianti

Subjects
HB Economic Theory, HD28 Management. Industrial Management
Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi minat penggunaan uang elektronik (E-Cash) Bank Mandiri dengan menggunakan model Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) yang diintegrasikan dengan persepsi risiko (perceived risk). Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa pascasarjana yang terdaftar aktif pada Perguruan Tinggi Negeri di Kota Padang sebagai calon/non pengguna Mandiri E-Cash tetapi mengetahui informasi mengenai produk tersebut. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 160 responden dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode Proportionate stratified random sampling. Data primer dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari kuesioner yang disebar kepada responden, sedangkan data sekunder yaitu data yang terkait dengan objek penelitian yang disajikan oleh pihak lain. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis SEM (Structural Equation Model) PLS. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa: (1) Perceived usefulness (PU) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap behavioral intention (BI) pada penggunaan uang elektronik Mandiri E-Cash. (2) Perceived ease of use (PEOU) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap behavioral intention (BI) pada penggunaan uang elektronik Mandiri E-Cash. (3) Perceived risk (PR) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap behavioral intention (BI) pada penggunaan uang elektronik Mandiri E-Cash. Penelitian ini telah menunjukkan bahwa model TAM merupakan framework yang dianggap akurat dalam menjelaskan perilaku user terhadap penerimaan dan penggunaan teknologi. Kata kunci : Uang Elektronik, Technology Acceptance Model, Perceived risk dan Behavioral intention

Published
2018

37. A novel method for determining the optimal operating points of reactive distillation processes

Author

Muthia, Rahma, Van Der Ham, Aloijsius G.J., Kiss, Anton A., and Sustainable Process Technology

Abstract

Reactive distillation (RD) allows reaction and separation to take place simultaneously in the same unit, thus giving major benefits especially to equilibrium limited reactions. Although the application of RD in chemical industries is attractive, it is considerably challenging. Unlike classic distillation, the optimal configuration of RD from an economical perspective is hardly identified quickly. Usually, any specific reaction system may need extensive studies and rigorous simulations to develop a RD model. This study aims to determine the optimal operating points of a RD application in a quick and reliable way. A novel method is employed for a clear visualization of the RD applicability area (i.e. a plot of reflux ratio vs number of stages). Using this method, an economic analysis can be performed resulting in essential insights into the optimal configurations. The production of amyl acetate by esterification of amyl alcohol and acetic acid is selected as case study, since this reaction sufficiently represents non-ideal behaviours in real systems. The outcome of the analysis reveals that the boundary line of its RD applicability graph consists of the optimal points of RD configurations which generate the lowest total annual cost in the RD operation. Furthermore, it is observed that the additional cost for the reactive section (relative to a separation section) is marginal, which means that the rules of thumb for the optimal configurations in classic distillation could also be applied.

Published
2018

40. EFFECT OF BIOMASS TYPES ON BIO-OIL CHARACTERISTICS IN A CATALYTIC FAST PYROLYSIS PROCESS WITH A Ni/ZSM-5 CATALYST.

Author

Widodo Wahyu Purwanto, Supramono, Dijan, Muthia, Rahma, and Firdaus, Muhamad Fakri

Subjects
PETROLEUM as fuel, PYROLYSIS, ZEOLITE catalysts
Abstract

The application of bio-oil for biofuel has been limited due to its low heating value, high acidity and high oxygenate content. Pursuant to the urgency of obtaining access to sustainable energy from renewable resources, the studies for bio-oil upgrading have been recently placed in high priority. This study is aimed at identifying the effect of biomass types on bio-oil product characteristics. The conversion of several types of biomass, i.e. rice straw, rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis), and palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) to bio-oil by-products was investigated in a Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis (CFP) reactor using a Ni/ZSM-5 nickel nitrate and zeolite catalyst at 550°C and at atmospheric pressure. The results show that Ni/ZSM-5 catalyst has actively enhanced the de-oxygenation reaction process and aromatic production. The composition of aromatic compounds in bio-oil from rubberwood, rice straw, and EFB are 10.25 wt%, 7.8 wt%, and 5.98 wt%, respectively. In the absence of a catalyst, bio-oil from rice straw contains no aromatics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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