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2. An assessment of the role of saliva, salivary proteins/ions and acquired enamel pellicle on erosion

Author

Mutahar, Mahdi Amen Mohamed, Moazzez, Rebecca, and Bartlett, David William

Subjects
617.6
Abstract

There is a growing interest in the relative contribution of ions and proteins in acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) to protect against erosion and erosive tooth wear, but not enough is understood as yet. The effect of immersion of human enamel specimens in whole mouth saliva (WMS), artificial saliva (AS) and deionised water (DW) for three time periods [30 minutes (1), 60 minutes (2), 24 hour+30 minutes (3)] on erosion was assessed in vitro (n=90). Significantly less step height formation and greater surface microhardness change (SMHC) was observed for WMS3 [3.80 (0.59) μm and 249.4 (29.6) KHN respectively] compared with AS3 [6.34 (0.55) μm and 181.87 (20.48) KHN respectively] and DW3 [8.80 (1.28) μm and 148.82 (25.68) KHN respectively] (P<0.0001). The effect of AEP proteins was further investigated in vitro (n=80) after 24 hour immersion in either WMS, parotid saliva (PS), AS and DW followed by five or one cycles of erosion. WMS group had significantly (p<0.0001) less step height [4.16 (0.9) μm] than PS group [6.41 (0.3) μm] after five erosion cycles (p<0.0001). Concentration of total protein and mucin5b and albumin were higher in WMS derived AEP, compared with PS derived AEP and increased after 5 cycles, suggesting protection through physical barrier, diffusion barrier and lubrication. After one cycle erosion, there was a lower SMHC in specimens immersed in PS [85.19 (6.07) KHN (p<0.0001)], compared with those immersed in WMS [98.68 (8.5) KHN], suggesting protection through buffering and calcium homeostasis as PS AEP is richer in CA VI and statherin. Finally, same protein variables were also measured in in vivo film (F) and AEP (P) from eroded (E) and non-eroded (N) tooth surfaces in erosive wear patients (n=29). The total protein on EP [0.41mg/mL (0.03)] was significantly lower than that on NP [0.61 mg/mL (0.11) p< 0.05]. The amount of statherin was also significantly lower on EP [84.1 (221.8, 20.0) ng] compared to that from NP in the same subjects [97.1(755.6, 30.0) ng] (p=0.002). The overall findings in this thesis imply that proteins in AEP have a major contribution in protection against erosion and erosive tooth wear in vitro and in vivo.

Published
2017

5. A Systematic Review of Publications on Perceptions and Management of Chronic Medical Conditions Using Telemedicine Remote Consultations by Primary Healthcare Professionals April 2020 to December 2021 During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Ahmed, Arzaq, primary, Mutahar, Mahdi, additional, Daghrery, Arwa A., additional, Albar, Nassreen H., additional, Alhadidi, Ismail Qasem I., additional, Asiri, Ali Mohammed, additional, Boreak, Nezar, additional, Alshahrani, Ahmed Audah S., additional, Shariff, Mansoor, additional, Shubayr, Mosa A., additional, and Al Moaleem, Mohammed M., additional

Published
2024
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6. Salivary Proteins in Human Acquired Enamel Pellicle (AEP) on Eroded and Uneroded Teeth in Patients with Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD).

Author

Alharthi, Rasha, Mutahar, Mahdi, Bartlett, David, Jafari, Jafar, and Moazzez, Rebecca

Subjects
SALIVARY proteins, TOOTH abrasion, SODIUM sulfate, FILTER paper, DENTAL enamel
Abstract

The aim of this in vivo study was to compare total protein present in the salivary films (F) and acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) on eroded and non-eroded surfaces in patients suffering from GORD symptoms with and without GORD diagnosis (GORD, No-GORD). Thirty-nine patients suffering from GORD symptoms and erosive tooth wear on lower first molars and an unaffected posterior occlusal surface in the same quadrant were recruited from Guy's hospital, London. Salivary film and AEP were collected from the eroded and uneroded occlusal surfaces, using 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-soaked filter papers. Total protein concentration was analysed using bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA). Statistical analysis was conducted using Shapiro–Wilk, ANOVA, and Tukey's tests (p < 0.05), comparing four GDS sample types and GORD vs. No-GORD groups. The level of significance was set as p < 0.05. Data were compared between eroded and uneroded surfaces in the same patient with GORD symptoms, as well as between those with or without a GORD diagnosis (GORD, No-GORD). The AEP total protein concentration from the eroded [2.17 (0.49) mg/mL] and uneroded surfaces [2.24 (0.66) mg/mL] of the GORD group were statistically significantly lower than those on eroded [3.27 (1.01) mg/mL] and uneroded [3.33 (1.57) mg/mL] surfaces in the No-GORD group (p = 0.007) (p = 0.008), respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed for film and AEP between eroded and uneroded surfaces (p > 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Comparative Evaluation of Hardness and Energy Absorption of Some Commercially Available Chairside Silicone-Based Soft Denture Liners and a Heat-Cured Soft Denture Liner

Author

Mutahar, Mahdi, primary, Al Ahmari, Nasser M, additional, Gadah, Thrya S, additional, Kariri, Mohammed Ali Mohammed, additional, Madkhli, Hana Y, additional, Somaili, Dawood M, additional, Mobarki, Yahya MY, additional, Darraj, Omar, additional, Halawi, Sultan M, additional, and Al Moaleem, Mohammed M, additional

Published
2023
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10. Pseudomonas aeruginosa behaviour in polymicrobial communities: The competitive and cooperative interactions conducting to the exacerbation of infections

Author

Fairoz Ali Al-Wrafy, Fairoz Ali Al-Wrafy, Reem Alariqi, Reem Alariqi, Efaq Ali Noman, Efaq Ali Noman, Adel Ali Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Al-Gheethi, Mahdi Mutahar, Mahdi Mutahar, Fairoz Ali Al-Wrafy, Fairoz Ali Al-Wrafy, Reem Alariqi, Reem Alariqi, Efaq Ali Noman, Efaq Ali Noman, Adel Ali Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Al-Gheethi, and Mahdi Mutahar, Mahdi Mutahar

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is mostly associated with persistent infections and antibiotic resistance as a result of several factors, biofilms one of them. Microorganisms within the polymicrobial biofilm (PMB) reveal various transcriptional profiles and affect each other which might influence their pathogenicity and antibiotic tolerance and subsequent worsening of the biofilm infection. P. aeruginosa within PMB exhibits various behaviours toward other microorganisms, which may enhance or repress the virulence of these microbes. Microbial neighbours, in turn, may affect P. aeruginosa’s virulence either positively or negatively. Such interactions among microorganisms lead to emerging persistent and antibiotic-resistant infections. This review highlights the relationship between P. aeruginosa and its microbial neighbours within the PMB in an attempt to better understand the mechanisms of polymicrobial interaction and the correlation between increased exacerbations of infection and the P. aeruginosa-microbe interaction. Researching in the literature that was carried out in vitro either in cocultures or in the models to simulate the environment at the site of infection suggested that the interplay between P. aeruginosa and other microorganisms is one main reason for the worsening of the infection and which in turn requires a treatment approach different from that followed with P. aeruginosa mono-infection.

Published
2023

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