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Iron proteins are of great scientific interest due to their importance as an excellent biomarker for human diseases. Ferritin (Fe 3+ ), being an iron-rich blood protein, is related to various diseases like anemia and cancer. For the first time, we have developed a highly sensitive and selective ferritin biosensor based on fluorescent oxygen-deficient zinc oxide nanosheets through hydrothermal and probe-ultrasonication combined methods. The fluorescence study showed an intense bluish-green fluorescence at λ ex = 370 nm, after optimization at different excitation wavelengths. In addition, the fluorescence of ZnO 1- x nanosheets can be efficiently quenched due to electron transfer reactions in order to achieve quantification analysis. The limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be 0.015 nM (7.2 ng mL -1 ) with high linearity ( R 2 = 0.9930). In addition, the real-world application of the proposed biosensor has been performed on human blood serum samples in the presence of various interfering analytes showing high selectivity and sensitivity with a regression value R 2 = 0.9980 indicating the current approach is an excellent biosensor platform.

The serious situation mandates the use of anticancer drugs, which protect people all over the world from the growth of prostate cancer. In particular, excessive dosage and erroneous discharge of flutamide concentration cause make environmental pollution on the surface of the wastewater. In this study, the highly sensitive and selective electrochemical approach based on copper vanadium oxide decorated porous carbon (denoted as β-Cu 2 V 2 O 7 /PC) composite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) has been developed and it was applied for sensitive detection of anticancer drug flutamide (FTM). Moreover, using the co-precipitation method, the flower-like β-Cu 2 V 2 O 7 hierarchical microstructure was synthesized, and through the wet chemical process, the β-Cu 2 V 2 O 7 /PC composite was obtained. The resultant product was characterized by XRD, FTIR, RAMAN, XPS and structural morphology established by FESEM analysis. Besides that, the electrochemical characterization and properties were analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometric (i-t) techniques. The β-Cu 2 V 2 O 7 /PC/RDGCE had two linear ranges at 0.01-2.11 μM and 2.31-30.81 μM. The lower limits of detection and sensitivity were found at 0.62 nM (S/N = 3), and 24.33 μA μM -1 cm -2 respectively. The practicability test was applied for the determination of FTM in urine, blood serum and environmental aquatic fluid with satisfactory recovery obtained., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)