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In silico structural descriptors for both cation and anion counterparts of ILs allow the prediction of Vibrio fischeri toxicity by means of a simple three parameter equation.

The synthesis of (E)-2-cyano-3-(5?-piperidin-1-yl-2,2?-bithien- 5-yl)acrylic acid, a novel amyloid aggregation fluorescent probe, is reported. This new probe is able to monitor soluble oligomeric aggregates after 24 h, at which time Thioflavin T emission, commonly used to monitor amyloid fibril formation, remains unchanged. Atomic force microscopy, native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and dynamic light scattering confirm that the earlier stages of aggregation are prefibrillar oligomeric species not possessing the amyloid structure. This new molecular scaffold expands the toolbox of fluorescent probes for the identification of prefibrillar oligomers, which is needed in studies aimed at the early detection of the soluble toxic aggregates that characterize the so-called protein misfolding diseases. (E)-2-Cyano-3-(5?-piperidin-1- yl-2,2?-bithien-5-yl)acrylic acid (p-TTCNAc) can be conveniently used as a fluorescent probe to identify prefibrillar oligomers of hen egg white lysozyme not detected by Thioflavin-T (ThT). Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

The advent of microarray gene expression technology permits the simultaneous analysis of the levels of expression of thousands of genes and provides large dataset requiring multivariate analysis tools. Multiple genetic factors may modulate the occurrence and magnitude of the arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle following exposure to ionizing radiation in human tumour cell lines. The ability to G1 arrest after exposure to gamma rays and the global gene expression profile, evaluated by cDNA microarray technology, have been reported for the National Cancer Institute (NCI) 60 tumour cell lines panel. The sensitivity of the tumour cell lines to radiations represents an activity fingerprinting that can be correlated by partial least squares (PLS) to the transcriptional profiles of the same cell lines. VIP values obtained by the PLS method are able to detect transcripts relevant to the radiation-induced G1 arrest. High VIP values were obtained for the basal levels of transcripts such as p21/Waf1/Cip1 and MDM2, that are well known for their roles in G1 arrest after irradiation. Novel functional relationships suggested by high VIP values can be investigated experimentally. As an example, in the present study, we report that the transcript for the FLJ11046 protein is induced dose-dependently by gamma-irradiation in a cell line with mutated p53, but not in cell lines with wild-type p53. Moreover specific silencing of FLJ11046 transcript by RNA interference technology results in a block of cell growth. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.