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Computational biology research faces a formidable challenge in the detection of complexes within protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, critical for unraveling cellular processes, predicting functions of uncharacterized proteins, and diagnosing diseases. While evolutionary algorithms (EAs), particularly state-of-the-art methods, often partition PPI networks based on graph properties or biological semantics, their resilience to noisy or missing interactions remains an underexplored territory. In this paper, we propose a groundbreaking heuristic operator, termed “strong neighbor-node migration”, specifically designed to elevate solution quality during the evolutionary process of our proposed EA. Through the application of EAs, we systematically evaluate the robustness of three single-objective models and two multi-objective models dedicated to addressing the complex detection problem. Our comprehensive assessment spans three well-known PPI networks, including two Saccharomyces cerevisiae datasets and the Human Protein Reference Database. To challenge the models further, we generate artificial networks by introducing varying percentages of noise to the original PPI networks. The experimental results showcase the superiority of the multi-objective model that incorporates our novel heuristic operator, demonstrating enhanced prediction accuracy compared to state-of-the-art models. Encouragingly, we advocate for the expansion of this research to integrate biological information, such as gene ontology. We propose the development of an objective function and heuristic operator based on this biological data, aiming to advance protein complex detection.

The invasion and spread of cancer cells are two of the most notable characteristics of malignant tumors. Recent studies suggest that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been linked to this significant occurrence. It is linked to the absence of the epithelial brow and the presence of mesenchymal facial hair. The aims of the present study were to explore the immunohistochemical staining of vimentin and E-cadherin ex vivo as EMT markers and assess their potential as predictive biomarkers for transitional cell cancer (TCC). In this study, 55 paraffin-embedded biopsies from TCC patients and 10 autopsies that appeared to be normal were included. Immunohistochemistry was used to produce patterns of vimentin and E-cadherin expression. When compared to female patients, the expression of E-cadherin and vimentin significantly increased with increasing age in male patients (> 50 years). In contrast to the considerable rise in vimentin expression in higher grades and stages of the tumor, E-cadherin expression was significantly reduced with tumor stage and grade. The findings of this study reveal that elevated vimentin and reduced E-cadherin are important indicators associated with a poor prognosis for TCC.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the magnetic resonance elastography (MRE)-derived liver stiffness measurement (LSM), T1 and T2 relaxation times, and hepatobiliary phase images in patients, who developed sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) after oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy. Methods Thirty-four patients (M/F:22/12) who underwent liver MRI-MRE and received oxaliplatin for colorectal, gastric, and pancreas cancer were included in the study. SOS was diagnosed by Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI in 18 patients. MRE-LSM and T1–T2 maps were evaluated. Patients with SOS were grouped according to the amount of reticular hypointensity on the hepatobiliary phase images. Results The mean MRE-LSM in the patients with SOS was 3.14 ± 0.45 kPa, and the control group was 2.6 ± 0.5 kPa (p = 0.01). The mean-corrected T1 (cT1) relaxation time was 1181 ± 151 ms in the SOS group and 1032 ± 129 ms in the control group (p = 0.005). The mean T2 relaxation time was 50.29 ± 3.6 ms in the SOS group and 44 ± 3.9 ms in the control group (p = 0.01). Parenchymal stiffness values were 2.8 ± 0.22 kPa, 3 ± 0.33 kPa, and 3.65 ± 0.28 kPa in patients with mild, moderate, and advanced SOS findings, respectively (p = 0.002). Although cT1 and T2 relaxation times increased with increasing SOS severity, no statistical significance was found. Conclusions We observed increased MRE-LSM in patients with SOS after chemotherapy compared to control group. T1 and T2 relaxation times were also useful in diagnosing SOS but were found inadequate in determining SOS severity. MRE is effective in diagnosing SOS and determining SOS severity in patients who cannot receive contrast agents, and it may be useful in the follow-up evaluation of these patients.

Abstract Lightweight concrete (LWC) is one of the most important building materials nowadays. Many research studies were focused on LWC produced using lightweight aggregates. However, limited work was cited for LWC produced using polystyrene beads. In this study, LWC beams strengthened with carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) and glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) were experimentally tested to investigate the improvement in their flexural and shear behaviours. LWC in this investigation was achieved by partial replacement of normal aggregate by polystyrene beads and resulted in approximately 30% less weight compared to Normal weight concrete. Fourteen Reinforced Concrete (RC) LWC beams of 100 mm by 300 mm cross section having an overall length of 3250 mm were tested under four-point bending. These beams were designed, detailed, and tested to obtain flexural and shear mode of failure. These beams were divided into two groups based on the intended failure mode. In each group, six beams were strengthened using CFRP and GFRP laminates, while the remaining one beam was used as control. The tested parameters were the type of FRP, the width of the laminates used in shear strengthening, and the number of layers used in flexural strengthening. It was found that strengthening of LWC beams using CFRP and GFRP layers resulted in increasing the loading capacity and decreasing deflection as compared to control. The strengthening with CFRP and GFRP is also suitable in reducing the crack width and crack propagation which is more significant in LWC beams. The experimental results were also compared with the expressions in codes for forecasting the strength of LWC beams and it was that these expressions are compatible with the experimental results.

Elastic optical networks (EONs) are a promising technology for the development of flexible and wideband communication systems. The (FSU) frequency slot unit concept is used in this technology to define the bandwidth unit in the frequency domain. The use of a specified number of consecutive FSUs allows bandwidth to be assigned to a data stream in a flexible manner. Nonblocking optical switching networks are required for a successful elastic optical network operation. This article concentrates on the Wavelength Space Wavelength,Space, Wavelength switching network topologies that were previously presented. In comparison to the other architectures, the SSW switching fabric requires fewer Spectrum converters (SCs). n relation to Wavelength Space Wavelength, a prior study clarified that using the meta-slot approach reduces hardware complexity, which is measured by the number of frequency slot unit. A frequency range with one or more (FSUs) is called a meta-slot. The previous study did not discuss how to optimize the meta-slot class sizes, despite the fact that its effectiveness depends on the sizes of the meta-slot classes. Additionally, the use of meta-slots for Space Space Wavelength was not taken into account in the earlier analysis. The optimization of meta-slot class sizes is looked into in this study, and it is shown that this optimization may be modeled as the shortest path issue. For Wavelength Space Wavelength, the previously reported nonblocking conditions are contrasted with the meta-slot scheme optimized using the shortest path model. The outcome attests to the optimized meta-slot scheme's superiority. The distribution of meta-slots among S-switches is also crucial for Space Space Wavelength. The assignment of meta-slots is modeled as a bin-packing problem in the study. Thus, a well-known bin-packing heuristic can be used to find the assignment that is close to ideal. The number of S-switches is calculated for using the optimized meta-slot scheme and previously known nonblocking conditions. The outcome confirms that the meta-slot scheme benefits both Space, Wavelength and Wavelength Space Wavelength.

Magnetic resonance imaging-proton density fat fraction (MRI-PDFF) is an emerging quantitative imaging biomarker that accurately measures the fat fraction of tissue by correcting factors influencing magnetic resonance signal intensity. Beyond fat quantification, it also measures R2* which is a direct measure of iron concentration. The utilization of MRI-PDFF in liver diseases is well established. In the present review, we focused on applications of MRI-PDFF in different body areas including pancreas, bone, muscle, spleen, testis, visceral, and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Future studies can enable tracking of quantitative fat fraction changes in different organs simultaneously, which can be critical in understanding fat metabolism.

This update of Turkish Society of Radiology’s (TSR) guidelines for the practice of teleradiology is intended to provide a reference framework for all parties involved in delivering imaging services away from the immediate vicinity of the patient. It includes relevant definitions and general principles, features organizational modes and qualifications of the practicing parties, lists technical issues, and addresses such management and legal aspects as archiving and documentation, security and privacy, reliability, responsibilities, quality inspection and improvement, reimbursement and accountability.

Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) is known to be a key enzyme for lipid metabolism specifically in an enzymatic glycoprotein which provide tissues without fatty-acids and eliminates triglycerides (TG) by the circulation. Mutations in LPL were proven to cause alteration in fractions within lipoprotein, causing the development of atherosclerosis which predispose to weakening coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke. We examined the linkage between genetic variant HindIII in LPL on lipoprotein fractions, stroke occurrences and CAD. In this case-control study, we have recruited 315 CAD cases and 205 age-matched controls. A total of 520 genomic DNA was digested with the purified PCR products for restriction fragment length polymorphism with HindIII restriction enzyme. The distribution of genotypes in a decreasing order were TT, 148 (47%), GT 135 (42.9%) and GG 32 (10.2%) in CAD groups of the study while the pattern in controls were GT 91 (44.4%), TT 86 (42%) and GG 28 (13.7%). None of all the allele or genotype frequencies were found to be significant in our study (p greater than 0.05), while the biochemical levels for both TG and LDL-c were shown to be prone in CAD patients when compare with the controls. Furthermore, the occurence of strokes were more in CAD groups vs. controls: 72 (22.9%) vs. 7 (3.4%) [p 0.000]. This could indicate the influence of HindIII variant on plasma lipid levels, and the possibility of considering it a risk factor for atherosclerosis leading to CAD and stroke occurrence.

Abstract Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is one of the most common disorders affecting elderly individuals. There is an urgent need for effective preventive measures for ARHL because none are currently available. Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a premature aging disease that presents with progressive hearing loss at a young age, but is otherwise similar to ARHL. There are two human genetic complementation groups of CS, A and B. While the clinical phenotypes in patients are similar, the proteins have very diverse functions, and insight into their convergence is of great interest. Here, we use mouse models for CS (CSA −/− and CSB m/m ) that recapitulate the hearing loss in human CS patients. We previously showed that NAD+, a key metabolite with various essential functions, is reduced in CS and associated with multiple CS phenotypes. In this study, we report that NAD+ levels are reduced in the cochlea of CSB m/m mice and that short-term treatment (10 days) with the NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside (NR), prevents hearing loss, restores outer hair cell loss, and improves cochlear health in CSB m/m mice. Similar, but more modest effects were observed in CSA −/− mice. Remarkably, we observed a reduction in synaptic ribbon counts in the presynaptic zones of inner hair cells in both CSA −/− and CSB m/m mice, pointing to a converging mechanism for cochlear defects in CS. Ribbon synapses facilitate rapid and sustained synaptic transmission over long periods of time. Ribeye, a core protein of synaptic ribbons, possesses an NAD(H) binding pocket which regulates its activity. Intriguingly, NAD+ supplementation rescues reduced synaptic ribbon formation in both CSA −/− and CSB m/m mutant cochleae. These findings provide valuable insight into the mechanism of CS- and ARHL-associated hearing loss, and suggest a possible intervention.

Background: Eczema is also known as atopic dermatitis is well-known for the skin disease globally. In Saudi Arabia, exome sequencing studies have not been documented. The purpose of this study was to scrutinize the disease causing mutations in children affected with eczema with exome sequencing in the Saudi population. Methods: We recruited randomly three sporadic cases of children diagnosed with eczema and simultaneously, three more cases were adopted for control samples. Exome sequencing was carried out by applying a pipeline that captures all the variants of concern related to the samples by using the Ion torrent. Results: In this study, we have documented 49 variants, among which 37 variants were confirmed through eczema children and remaining 30 variants through control children. However, from the analysis of the 6 samples, we have identified rs10192157 (1646C > T; Thr549Ile), rs2899642 (27C > G; Asn9Lys), chr1:152127950 (1625 G > A; Gly542Asp) and chr1:152128041 (1534C > G; Gly512Arg) variants which are rarely linked to the disease eczema. In the rs10192157, we have documented these mutations in all three eczema children and one in the control; the rs2899642 mutation appeared in only a couple of eczema children, whereas the mutation in the chr1:152127950 regions appeared in only one eczema patient. However, the chr1:152128041 mutations appeared in only one case of eczema and also in two control children. Conclusion: Our study revealed four mutations which had not previously been connected with eczema within the database. However, the rs10192157 and rs2899642 mutations were documented with asthma disease. The remaining mutations such as chr1:152127950 and chr1:152128041 have not been reported anywhere else. This study recommends screening these 4 mutations in eczema cases and their relevant controls to confirm the prevalence in the Saudi population. It is recommended that future studies examine the 4 mutations in detail. Keywords: Eczema, Exome-sequencing, Mutation, Variants

Various statistical models have been used in estimating inputs to mean-variance efficient portfolio construction since the mid-1960s. One can argue how many factors are necessary, but there appears to be substantial evidence that statistical models outperform fundamental models for several expected returns models, such as we test in this analysis. In this paper, we show that tracking portfolios constructed with expected return rankings based on earnings forecasting and price momentum composite alpha strategies produce statistically significant excess returns and increased Sharpe Ratios when optimized with 3-factor statistical risk model.

Abstract Asthma is a complex disease defined by chronic airway inflammation and airflow limitation causing variable respiratory symptoms which include shortness of breath (SOB), wheezing, chest tightness and cough. Asthma guidelines advocate adding a second long acting bronchodilator to medium doses of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) rather using high doses of ICS alone to control moderate to severe persistent asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of three medication regimens indicated for Iraqi patients suffering from persistent asthma. This study was interventional randomized clinical study conducted on a sample of adult Iraqi asthmatic patients in Baghdad City. The study composed of three visits distributed over eight weeks; baseline visit followed by first follow up and second follow up visits after four and eight weeks respectively. The study enrolled 78 adult patients with moderate to severe persistent asthma as diagnosed by specialist physician according to patient history and baseline pulmonary function test (PFT) and allocated them randomly to three groups (each group included 26 patients) to receive equivalent medium doses of budesonide inhaler in addition to either formoterol inhaler, oral modified release aminophylline tablets or tiotropium inhaler (first, second and third group respectively). Sixty four patients completed this study. The mean ages of patients were above 35 years with slightly more male predominance. The study groups developed significant increase of peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and forced vital capacity (FVC) values at the first follow up visit compared to baseline values (p

Diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) remain a significant health, social and economic problem around the globe. The development of therapeutic strategies for CNS conditions has suffered due to a poor understanding of the underlying pathologies that manifest them. Understanding common etiological origins at the cellular and molecular level is essential to enhance the development of efficacious and targeted treatment options. Over the years, neuroinflammation has been posited as a common link between multiple neurological, neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Processes that precipitate neuroinflammatory conditions including genetics, infections, physical injury and psychosocial factors, like stress and trauma, closely link dysregulation in kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan metabolism as a possible pathophysiological factor that ‘fuel the fire’ in CNS diseases. In this study, we aim to review emerging evidence that provide mechanistic insights between different CNS disorders, neuroinflammation and the KP. We provide a thorough overview of the different branches of the KP pertinent to CNS disease pathology that have therapeutic implications for the development of selected and efficacious treatment strategies.

Summary: Anogenital warts (AGW) are one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases worldwide. The determination of groups vulnerable to contracting anogenital warts (AGW) leads to the development of policies for disease control and of prevention programs. The aim of our study was to investigate the demographical features and risk factors of Turkish patients with AGW.This study included 200 patients with AGW and 200 healthy individuals as a control group. The age, gender, education and marital status, age of first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, sexual orientation, and smoking status were recorded in both groups.In this study, 88% of the patients were male, and 12% were female. The mean age of the patients was 35.21 ± 0.77 years, and the majority of patients were below 35 years old (63%). Furthermore, 46.0% of the patients were educated at the university level, and 33.5% had graduated high school. No significant differences were found based on sexual orientation or condoms between the patient and control groups. In the patient group, the mean age of first sexual intercourse was significantly earlier, and the number of single individuals and sexual partners were significantly higher. Also, 61% of the patients were current smokers, which was significantly higher than the control group. The duration of smoking and the duration of AGW were found to be correlated. All patients were tested for anti-HIV antibodies, and only one patient was found to be infected.AGW were more common in patients younger than 35 years old, among men, and among those who had graduated from high school or university. Early age of first sexual intercourse, a high number of sexual partners, being single, and smoking were also risk factors for the development of anogenital warts. Keywords: Anogenital wart, Demographical findings, HPV infection, Risk factors, Turkey

Animal models of infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) are urgently needed for a better understanding of pathogenesis and for testing potential therapies. Here, the authors describe infection of rhesus macaques with an Asian-lineage ZIKV strain as a relevant animal model for studying ZIKV pathogenesis.

The present study investigated the cytotoxic effects of aqueous crude extracts of Vincarosea leaves, flowers and seeds on Human brain carcinoma cell line (AMGA, Ahmed Majeed Glioblastoma Multiform ) in vitro, by using serial double dilution (concentration between 1.95-1000 µg/ml). The results showed that the cytotoxic effect of extracts was depended on type of parts of plant extracted, concentration and exposure time. The concentration 1000 µg/ml gave inhibition rate (IR), were (34, 49 and 64) % of leaves, flowers and seeds extracts respectively compared with control 100% after 24 hours from exposure time. However, low concentrations of aqueous extracts were found to induce the AMGA cells growth and proliferation (PR), it was 115% by treatment with aqueous extract offlowers extract in 1.95 µg/ml after 24 hours of exposed.

Rainwater harvesting is a promising tool for supplementing surface water and groundwater to overcome the imbalance between water supply and demand under changing climate conditions. Multi-Criteria Evaluation is one of the well-known methods of decision-making. In this study, the geographical information system (GIS)-based Multi-Criteria Evaluation is used to select the optimum rainwater harvesting sites in Maysan province, Iraq. Fuzzy membership is used for standardization of the criteria, and Fuzzy Gamma overlay for a combination of multi-layers using ArcGIS 10.5. Seven criteria layers, including slope, stream order, soil type, precipitation, evaporation, roads, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) are derived to identify rainwater-harvesting catchment. The results determined the optimum sites for water storage within the study area. The resultant potential rainwater harvesting catchment map can be used as a reference to enhance the effectiveness of water management, especially in drought-stricken areas that offer significant potential for sustainable agricultural production in the semi-arid region.

Background: Spirometry is an important test performed in patients expect to have airway obstruction, assessment of intense reaction to inhalers (the trial of reversibility of airway blockade) is a normally utilized technique in clinical and academic studies. The consequences of this test are utilized to make choices on treatment, consideration, exclusion from diagnosis and other research think about, and for analytic marking [asthma versus chronic obstructive airway disease (COPD)]. Usually, the (FEV1) or (FVC) standards before and after giving of the bronchodilator are compared and the adjustment is processed to distinguish variations from the norm in lung volumes and air flow. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of FVC and PEFR as further constraints to evaluate bronchodilator reaction in asthmatic peoples with severe or moderate airflow blockade. Patients and methods: This study is cross sectional study performed in Baghdad teaching hospital where one hundred patient were enrolled in this study patients were detected with asthma and confirm airway blockade according to (GINA) guide lines. The pulmonary function for all members was investigated with a convenient spirometer (spiro-lab3 Spirometer) as stated by those measures from claiming American thoracic particular social order, The mean and standard deviation results of the predicted% values pulmonary function test were also used for comparisons were measured by t-test. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 considered to be significant statistically. Results: The post bronchodilator (post –BD) results of FVC, PEFR are greater than pre- bronchodilator where are statistically significant P value = 0.00. the amount of the changes of FVC post (BD) was more than 400ml from pre (BD) and the amount of the changes of PEFR post (BD) more than 1000ml from the pre (BD) both were p-value = 0.00. Conclusion: The asthmatic patients with moderate and severe airway obstruction, we observed that FVC and PEFR is a valuable important limit to FEV1 to evaluate reversibility reaction Keyword: forced vital capacity(FVC), peaked expiratory flow rate (PEFR), spirometry and forced expiratory volume in 1st second (FEV1).

Based on morphological examination, genus of mushroom Polyporus sp. was identified, which constitutes the first record of this fungus in Iraq. It is necessary to study ecology of the rare species of polypores then conservation of their habitats. Because most of polypores live on the substrate of fallen trunks and rotten wood, it is very important to keep such substrate in the ecosystem. Polypors fungus was identified as genus level only which appeared on September 2013 in Fallujah city. The aim of this study to collect and identify of wild mushroom that grow naturally in different orchards and gardens.International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-3, June-August 2015Page: 185-189

Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is the most common sensory disability associated with human aging. Yet, there are no approved measures for preventing or treating this debilitating condition. With its slow progression, continuous and safe approaches are critical for ARHL treatment. Nicotinamide Riboside (NR), a NAD+ precursor, is well tolerated even for long-term use and is already shown effective in various disease models including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. It has also been beneficial against noise-induced hearing loss and in hearing loss associated with premature aging. However, its beneficial impact on ARHL is not known. Using two different wild-type mouse strains, we show that long-term NR administration prevents the progression of ARHL. Through transcriptomic and biochemical analysis, we find that NR administration restores age-associated reduction in cochlear NAD+ levels, upregulates biological pathways associated with synaptic transmission and PPAR signaling, and reduces the number of orphan ribbon synapses between afferent auditory neurons and inner hair cells. We also find that NR targets a novel pathway of lipid droplets in the cochlea by inducing the expression of CIDEC and PLIN1 proteins that are downstream of PPAR signaling and are key for lipid droplet growth. Taken together, our results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of NR treatment for ARHL and provide novel insights into its mechanism of action.

Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare form of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). It has an unfavorable outcome with death rates as high as 25% during the acute phase and up to 50% of cases progressing to end-stage renal failure. Uncontrolled complement activation through the alternative pathway is thought to be the main underlying pathopysiology of aHUS and corresponds to all the deleterious findings of the disease. Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and Shiga toxin-associated HUS are the 2 other important TMA diseases. Although differentiating HUS from TTP is relatively easy in children with a preceding diarrheal illness or invasive S. pneumoniae, differentiating aHUS from TTP or other microangiopathic disorders can present a major diagnostic challenge in adults. ADAMTS13 analysis is currently the most informative diagnostic test for differentiating TTP, congenital TTP, and aHUS. Today empiric plasma therapy still is recommended by expert opinion to be used as early as possible in any patient with symptoms of aHUS. The overall treatment goal remains restoration of a physiological balance between activation and control of the alternative complement pathway. So it is a reasonable approach to block the terminal complement complex with eculizumab in order to prevent further organ injury and increase the likelihood organ recovery. Persistence of hemolysis or lack of improvement of renal function after 3-5 daily plasmaphereses have to be regarded as the major criteria for uncontrolled TMA even if platelet count has normalized and as an indication to switch the treatment to eculizumab. Eculizumab has changed the future perspectives of patients with aHUS and both the FDA and the EMA have approved it as life-long treatment. However, there are still some unresolved issues about the follow-up such as the optimal duration of eculizumab treatment and whether it can be stopped or how to stop the therapy.

Abstract Objective:According to the statistics of the Social Security Institution, 18672 occupational accidents occurred in the metal industry in 2008 in Turkey. Whereas 78 of these accidents resulted in death, 252 people became permanently incapable of working. In 2008, 369677 working days were lost as a result of occupational accidents. Evaluating the reasons for and the results of accidents in the metal industry and contributing to the development of recommendations for prevention in accordance with the information obtained. Method: The study was conducted with 201 of 210 workers working in heavy metal manufacturing and construction in the building company between April 2008 and June 2008. Results: The frequency of occupational accidents among the metal workers was 22% between January 2007 and June 2008. The reasons for the workers’ accidents are listed as; insufficient use of personal protective equipment (44%), carelessness (37%), and personal reasons, not to be taken of security measures at machines and looms/ unsuitable machines (both 17%).Conclusion: The study demonstrates that the accidents mostly occur because of failure to use of personal protective equipment, insufficient vocational training. Key Words: Occupational, accident, metal industry, preventionAnkara’da bir metal sanayi fabrikasında iş kazaları ve etkileyen faktörler Özet Amaç: 2008 yılında Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu’nun verilerine göre metal sanayisinde 18672 iş kazası meydana gelmiş ve 369677 işgünü kaybı olmuştur. Bu kazalardan 78 tanesi ölümle sonuçlanırken, 252 kişi kalıcı olarak işgöremez hale gelmiştir. Metal sanayisinde meydana gelen kazaların sebep ve sonuçlarını inceleyerek, elde edilen bilgiler doğrultusunda kazaların önlenmesine yönelik tavsiyelerin geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Araştırma, Ankara’da faaliyet gösteren ağır metal imalat, konstrüksiyon ve inşaat sanayi şirketinde 2008 Nisan-2008 Haziran döneminde çalışan 210 işçinin 201’ine anket uygulanmasıyla yürütülmüştür. Bulgular: Ocak 2007 ve Haziran 2008 tarihleri arasında metal işçilerinin iş kazası sıklığı %22 bulunmuştur. İş kazalarının nedenleri olarak yetersiz kişsel koruyucu ekipman kullanımı (%44), dikkatsizlik (%37), kişisel nedenler (%17) ile makine ve tezgahlarda güvenlik önlemlerinin alınmaması/makinelerin uygun olmaması (%17) belirtilmiştir. Sonuç: Çalışma, iş kazalarının çoğunlukla kişisel koruyucu ekipmanın kullanımındaki eksiklikten ve yetersiz mesleki eğitimden kaynaklandığını ortaya koymuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: İş, kaza, metal sanayi, önleme

Objective: The aim was to determine the frequency of postpartum depression (PPD), its correlates and the effect on the quality of life.Material and Methods: This study was conducted among 708 mothers having a child aged 2 weeks-18 months. A questionnaire on descriptive features and PPD risk factors; Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale and WHOQOL-BREF quality of life scale were used for the data collection. Results: The rate of PPD frequency was 15%. The gestational age, mental problems and anxiety during pregnancy, emotional changes in the premenstrual period, past depression/PPD history, depression/PPD history in the family, satisfaction with the marriage, thinking that the baby affected the marriage adversely were the factors related with PPD. The quality of life was lower in women with PPD than those without PPD.Conclusion: The frequency of PPD is quite high and PPD is decreasing the quality of life of the mother.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized pathologically by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques in the brain. The disease was first described in 1906 by Alois Alzheimer, and since then, there have been many advancements in technologies that have aided in unlocking the secrets of this devastating disease. Such advancements include improving microscopy and staining techniques, refining diagnostic criteria for the disease, and increased appreciation for disease heterogeneity both in neuroanatomic location of abnormalities as well as overlap with other brain diseases; for example, Lewy body disease and vascular dementia. Despite numerous advancements, there is still much to achieve as there is not a cure for AD and postmortem histological analyses is still the gold standard for appreciating AD neuropathologic changes. Recent technological advances such as in-vivo biomarkers and machine learning algorithms permit great strides in disease understanding, and pave the way for potential new therapies and precision medicine approaches. Here, we review the history of human AD neuropathology research to include the notable advancements in understanding common co-pathologies in the setting of AD, and microscopy and staining methods. We also discuss future approaches with a specific focus on deep phenotyping using machine learning.