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Abstract Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an immune-mediated disease frequently associated with thymic changes. Increased T helper 17 (Th17) cell activity and dysfunctional regulatory T (Treg) cells have been demonstrated in subgroups of MG. On the other hand, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) has been shown to regulate the Th17/Treg balance by inducing Th17 differentiation while attenuating Treg development. To identify the underlying mechanisms of different thymic pathologies in MG development, we evaluated thymic samples from thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis (TAMG), MG with hyperplasia (TFH-MG) and thymoma without MG (TOMA) patients. Differential gene expression analysis revealed that TAMG and TFH-MG cells are associated with different functional pathways. A higher RORC/FOXP3 ratio provided evidence for Th17/Treg imbalance in TAMG potentially related to increased HIF1A. The hypoxic microenvironment in thymoma may be a driver of TAMG by increasing HIF1A. These findings may lead to new therapeutic approaches targeting HIF1A in the development of TAMG.

Introduction: Today, approximately 2 million people worldwide suffer from spinal tuberculosis (STB). In endemic areas, classical STB is often accompanied by spondylodiscitis. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 15 patients diagnosed with STB who were followed up in our clinic from January 2010 to August 2021. The study included a total of 15 patients diagnosed with spondylodiscitis, 7 males and 8 females, with detection of STB bacillus (6 patients) and/or pathological diagnosis of caseous necrosis (15 patients). Results: Pre-operative neurological examinations of the patients revealed neurological deficits according to the Frankel scale, except in 2 patients. According to the Frankel scale, 8 patients showed improvement, 6 of them did not change, 1 worsened, and 13 had fusion documented on radiological imaging. Conclusion: Anterior corpectomy and posterior instrumentation may be a safe and effective technique compared with all other surgical interventions applicable in such patients.

With the widespread use of distance learning, technological developments have also been applied in the field of education. The need for accurate and efficient assessment methods for online exams has become even more apparent, especially with remote learning taking place during the pandemic. For a more efficient evaluation process, we propose a hybrid model of the Automatic Short Answer Grading (ASAG) system based on Bidirectional Encoder Representation of Transformers (BERT). The usage of novel state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) techniques in our model enhances the comprehension of text. Specifically, we employ a customized multi-head attention mechanism adapted with BERT, which enables reliable identification of semantic dependencies among words within a sentence and therefore contributes to the effectiveness and trustworthiness of the scoring system. We use a parallel connection of CNN layers in our proposed BERT based ASAG system instead of their serial connection and this usage improves the performance of the system. The proposed model is assessed using common datasets frequently used for ASAG related research projects. In this evaluation process, our model produces much better results compared to other systems available in the literature.

يذكر المستشرقون عديد من الادعاءات المتعلقة بالأحاديث التي يتناولونها في أبحاث السير. هذه الادعاءات قد تكون حول منهج النقد التاريخي أو قد تتعلق بقضايا محددة في علوم السيرة والحديث. وتناولنا في هذه الدراسة موقف المستشرقين من الأحاديث المتعلقة بالسيرة النبوية، وذلك من خلال دراسة بحث "المشكلات المنهجية في تحديد صحة سيرة النبي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم، سيرة عروة نموذجا" لستيفين شوميكر. وتقوم في دراستها على المنهج الاستقرائي التحليلي، وإخضاعها للنقد الحديثي متبعا أصول النقد الحديثي وقواعد البحث العلمي. وأهمية هذه الدراسة تكمن في تناولها مناهج النقد في الدراسات الإسلامية، وخاصة تقوم الدراسة بمناقشة انتقاد شوميكر لمنهج تحليل الإسناد والمتن من خلال دراسة سبعة أحاديث بالنظر إلى الإسناد والمتن، وتقدمه بدلاً من ذلك منهج النقد التاريخي فيها. وقد عرضت هذه الدراسة منهج المؤلف في بحثه، والأخطاء الواردة فيه، وتناولتها بالتحليل والنقد. وتوصلت إلى نتائج أهمها أن المؤلف وصف روايات الآحاد بأنها غير صحيحة من ناحية الإسناد، وأنها تحتاج جميعاً إلى دراسة نقد التاريخي. ووصفه هذا غير موضوعي، بل هو محاولة منه للتشكيك في منهج نقد الإسناد والأخبار الصحيحة التي نقلتها كتب الحديث المعتمدة.

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı çocuk edebiyatı eserlerinin 6. sınıf ortaokul öğrencilerinin okuma motivasyonu, okuma tutumu ve okur öz algısına etkisini tespit etmektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda yapılan çalışmada nicel araştırma desenlerinden yarı deneysel desenlerden “ön test- son test eşleştirilmiş kontrol gruplu desen” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Şırnak ili Silopi ilçesinde yer alan Cumhuriyet Ortaokulunda öğrenim görmekte olan 6. sınıf öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. 2022-2023 eğitim-öğretim yılında Cumhuriyet Ortaokulunda öğrenim görmekte olan 6. sınıf öğrencilerinden 30’u rastgele yöntemiyle deney grubu, 30’u da kontrol grubu olarak seçilmiştir. Bu çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak okuma motivasyonu ve okumaya adanmışlık ölçeği, ilköğretim ikinci kademe öğrencileri için okumaya yönelik tutum ölçeği, okur öz algısı ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verilerinin analizinde, deney grubu ve kontrol grubunun okuma motivasyonu ve okumaya adanmışlık ölçeği, okuma tutumu ölçeği ve okur öz algısı ölçeğinin ön test ve son testinden aldıkları puanların normallik değerlerine bakılmıştır. Yapılacak analiz teknikleri için normallik varsayımlarından olan Shapiro-Wilk değerlerine bakılmıştır. Bu analiz sürecinde, deney ve kontrol gruplarının ölçeklerden aldıkları ön test ve son test puanlarının aynı grubun kendi içinde karşılaştırılması için bağımlı örneklemler t-testi kullanılmıştır. Kontrol ve deney gruplarının ön test ve son test puanlarının karşılaştırılması için bağımsız örneklemler t testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda çocuk edebiyatı eserlerinin okunmasının ortaokul öğrencilerinin okuma motivasyonu ve okumaya adanmışlık, okuma tutumu ve okur öz algısı üzerinde olumlu (pozitif) bir etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

In this study, a coal-based catalyst produced by protonating phosphoric acid was used as a metal-free catalyst for hydrogen production from sodium borohydride (NaBH4) methanolysis. Experiments were conducted with various acid concentrations, impregnation times, and carbonization temperatures and times in order to produce a metal-free coal catalyst with enhanced catalytic activity. The catalyst impregnated with 3M H3PO4 for 12 h and subsequently carbonized at 600°C for 90 min exhibited the highest catalytic activity. The hydrogen production at 60 °C methanolysis with 0.25 g of NaBH4 catalyzed by a metal-free coal catalyst was found to be 11,854 mL min−1g.cat−1. Additionally, the activation energy of the catalyst was determined to be 22.5 kJ mol-1.

Introduction:Chronic subdural hematomas (CSDH) are intracranial hematomas that are usually seen in the middle and advanced age. They are seen as a result of bleeding from the parasagittal bridging veins. The results of patients who were surgically treated with single- and double-burr hole drainage due to CSDH in our clinic were investigated. It has been tried to decide which of these two methods is more suitable for surgical treatment.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 146 patients hospitalized with CSDH and treated with burrhole drainage in our clinic between 2011 and 2021. Informed consent forms were obtained from each patient. We divided the surgical treatments that we applied to the patients; into two groups: single burrhole without irrigation (group A, n=41) and double burrhole with irrigation (group B, n=105). The results were compared as radiological and clinical factors. The width of hematomas was determined by magnetic resonance imaging and defined as the maximal diameter in the coronal orientation perpendicular to the skull curvature. The thickness of inner membrane was measured on constructive interference steady state images. The imaging characteristics of hematomas on computed tomography, if available, were also reviewed and defined as hypodense, hyperdense, and inodense in comparison with cerebral paraenchyma.Results:The change in subdural hematoma thickness was 68.38±10.10% in group A and 53.7%±31.9% in group B. The change in midline shift was 58.6%±24.5 in group A and 53.7%±31.9% in group B. There was no statistically significant difference in hematoma evacuation and recovery of midline shift between the two groups. Recurrence occurred in 5 (12.1%) cases in group A and 8 (7.6%) cases in group B. In terms of recurrence, both groups were similar.Conclusion:Similar hematoma evacuation and midline shift improvement were observed between the two surgical techniques. We think that both methods have similar efficacy for treating CSDH.

Objective: The approaches in posterior fossa surgery are used for accessing various tumors and vascular lesions including neuro-glial tumors, vestibular Schwannomas, inclusion tumors, meningiomas. Materials and Methods: A total of 62 patients who underwent operation due to infra-tentorial intra-cranial mass lesion in Neuro-Surgery Clinic between 2014 and 2018 were included in the study. Result: The study was conducted with 62 patients of whom 61.3% (n=38) were males and 38.72% (n=24) were females between 2014 and 2018. While 33.9% (n=21) of the patients underwent cranioplasty, 66.1% (n=41) did not undergo cranioplasty. Conclusion: The preliminary study suggests that cranioplasty is useful for headache and cerebellar ectopy however insufficient for prevention of CNF fistula development.

The current study sought to investigate the physiochemical conditions and fluid evolution within the Yolindi Cu-Fe skarn mineralization located in the Biga Peninsula, NW Turkey. This was accomplished through a comprehensive investigation of geological and mineralogical data, along with isotopic analyses of sulfur (δ34S), carbon (δ13C), and oxygen (δ18O) of sulfide and calcite minerals, respectively, as well as fluid inclusion data pertaining to various minerals (e.g., andradite, quartz, and calcite). The Yolindi area features a complex geological framework, including the Paleozoic Kalabak Group (which includes the Torasan, Yolindi, and Sazak formations) and the Triassic Karakaya Complex. These formations were subsequently intruded via Early Miocene Şaroluk granitoids and Hallaçlar volcanics. Skarn formation is zoned into endoskarn and exoskarn types (being categorized into proximal, intermediate, and distal zones), with distinct mineral assemblages indicating concentric and contact metamorphic alteration patterns around the western part of Şaroluk granitoid intrusion in contact with the Torasan formation. The ore mineralogy and paragenesis suggest three distinct stages of evolution: an initial phase of prograde metasomatism characterized by the formation of magnetite and pyrite alongside anhydrous calc-silicate minerals; a subsequent phase of retrograde alteration marked by the formation of epidote, actinolite, and scapolite, accompanied by the occurrence of chalcopyrite and specular hematite; and finally, a post-metasomatic stage involving oxidation processes that led to the development of secondary mineral assemblages containing cerussite, covellite, and malachite. Sulfur isotopes (δ34S) of sulfides from endoskarn (from +0.27 to +0.57‰VCDT) to intermediate exoskarn (from −9.44 to −5.46‰VCDT) zones indicate a diverse sulfur source, including magmatic, sedimentary, and possibly organic matter. δ34S values in hydrothermal fluids suggest a magmatic–hydrothermal origin, with endoskarn and proximal zone fluids showing a slight negative signature and intermediate zone fluids indicating a strong influence from organic-rich or metamorphic sulfur reservoirs. Carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions (δ13C and δ18O) of calcite revealed a progression from marine carbonate signatures in marble samples (from +1.89 to +2.23‰VPDB; from +21.61 to +21.73‰VSMOW) to depleted values in prograde (from −6.0 to +0.09‰VPDB; from +6.22 to +18.14‰VSMOW) and retrograde skarns (from −3.8 to −2.25‰VPDB; from +0.94 to +3.62‰VSMOW), reflecting interactions with high-temperature magmatic fluids and meteoric water mixing. The fluid inclusions in prograde minerals generated under the conditions of fluid boiling exhibited high temperatures, reaching up to 412 °C, and salinities up to 26 wt.% NaCl equivalent. Conversely, the fluid inclusions in retrograde minerals, which were generated due to fluid mixing, exhibited lower temperatures (with an average of 318 °C) and salinities with an average of 4.9 wt.% NaCl equivalent. This indicated that the cooler and more diluted fluids mix with meteoric waters and interact with organic materials in the host rocks. This suggests a multifaceted origin involving various sources and processes. Therefore, this study concluded that the skarn mineralization in the Yolindi area resulted from complex interactions between magmatic, metamorphic, and meteoric fluids, reflecting a dynamic ore-forming environment with implications for the regional metallogeny of Cu-Fe skarn deposits.

The current work investigates the impact of magmatic fluids and metasomatic processes on the Yolindi Cu-Fe skarn deposit in the Biga Peninsula, Turkey. It traces the stages of skarn evolution, from prograde to retrograde alterations, and investigates findings within a broader geological, mineralogical, and geochemical framework. Additionally, it assesses the evolutionary history of the Yolindi deposit in relation to calc-alkaline magmatic activity in an island-arc environment and compares its mineral compositions and genesis with other global and regional Cu-Fe skarn deposits. The Yolindi Cu-Fe skarn deposit in the Biga Peninsula was formed by the intrusion of Şaroluk quartz monzonite pluton into Upper Paleozoic Torasan Formation rocks such as phyllite, schists, hornfels, marble, and serpentinites. During skarnification, reactions between the magmatic fluids from the Şaroluk quartz monzonite pluton and the Torasan Formation produced skarn minerals associated with metals such as Fe and Cu. Initially, these reactions formed prograde skarn minerals such as augite-rich pyroxenes and andradite garnets with magnetite and pyrite. As the system cooled, these initial minerals underwent retrograde alteration, leading to the formation of minerals such as epidote, actinolite, and chlorite, as well as other copper and iron minerals including chalcopyrite, bornite, secondary magnetite, and specular hematite. Therefore, four main stages influenced the formation of the Yolindi Cu-Fe deposit: metamorphic bimetasomatic, prograde metasomatic, and retrograde metasomatic stages. Later, oxidation and weathering resulted in supergene minerals such as cerussite, malachite, and goethite, which serve as examples of the post-metamorphic stage. The mineralogical shifts, such as the andradite–grossular transition, reflect changing hydrothermal fluid compositions and characteristics due to the addition of meteoric fluids. Importantly, the formation of magnetite after garnet and clinopyroxene during the retrograde stage is evidenced by magnetite crystals within garnet. The mineral associations of the Yolindi Cu-Fe skarn deposit align with the global skarn deposits and specific Turkish skarns (e.g., Ayazmant Fe-Cu and Evciler Cu-Au skarn deposits). The Yolindi Cu-Fe skarn deposit, in association with ore-bearing solutions having magmatic origins, developed in an island-arc setting.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada üniversite öğrencilerinin internet bağımlılık düzeyleri ölçülerek bunun kişisel özellikler ve depresyonla ilişkisi incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Çalışmanın evrenini Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Tabakalı örnekleme yöntemiyle fakültedeki altı bölümün her biri için hesaplanan örneklem büyüklüğüne göre örneklemeye gidilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri 3 bölümden oluşan anket formu ile toplanmıştır. İlk bölümde katılımcıların kişisel özelliklerine yönelik ifadeler; ikinci bölümde Kimberly Young (1996) tarafından geliştirilmiş İnternet Bağımlılığı Ölçeği; üçüncü bölümde ise Beck ve arkadaşları (1961) tarafından geliştirilmiş Beck Depresyon Envanteri yer almaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri 5 Şubat-25 Mayıs 2018 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. Çalışmada tanımlayıcı istatistikler, ki-kare testi ve korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: İnternet Bağımlılığı Ölçeği skorlarına göre interneti bağımlılık düzeyinde kullanan öğrenci olmadığı ve %91,9’unun ortalama düzeyde internet kullanıcısı olduğu bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin Beck Depresyon Ölçeği’nden aldıkları skorlara göre öğrencilerin %38,2’si minimal ve %8,4’ü şiddetli düzeyde depresyon belirtisi göstermekte ve kesme noktasına göre ise %30,4’ü normalin üzerinde depresyon belirtisi göstermektedir. Öğrencilerin internet bağımlılığı ve depresyon düzeyleri arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı ve pozitif ancak zayıf bir ilişki saptanmıştır (rs=0,335; p

Giriş: Devletin sunduğu tüm hizmetler önem arz etmektedir, fakat bununla birlikte bazı hizmetler önceliklendirilmiştir. Önceliklendirilmiş hizmetler dışında kalan hizmetler de ertelenemez niteliktedir. Bu öncelikli ve ertelenemez hizmetler son yıllarda sıkça duyulan “Kamu Özel Ortaklığı” kavramı ortaya çıkarmıştır. Son dönemlerde sıkça kullanılmaya başlanan “Kamu Özel Ortaklığı” kısaca, kamu hizmetlerinin özel sektör aracılığıyla sunulmasını sağlayan bir yöntemdir. Türkiye’de sağlık sektöründe yeni bir yapılanma olan şehir hastanelerinde de bu yöntem kullanılmaktadır. Uygulamanın sonuçlarının bekleneni karşılaması için her aşamanın detaylı olarak incelenmesi önem arz etmektedir. Amaç: Bu çalışmada ilk olarak “Kamu Özel Ortaklığı” kavramı, sağlık hizmetlerinde uygulama biçimleri, Türkiye’de “Kamu Özel Ortaklığı” yönteminin kullanıldığı şehir hastaneleri incelenmekte ve “Kamu Özel Ortaklığı” yöntemi ile yapılan şehir hastanelerine yönelik “Güçlü-Zayıf Yönler-Fırsatlar-Tehditler” analizinin sunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: “Kamu Özel Ortaklığı” yöntemiyle yapılan şehir hastanelerinin avantaj ve dezavantajlarının belirlenmeye çalışıldığı bu çalışmada, öncelikle belge taraması yapılmış ve şehir hastaneleri konusundaki tüm olumlu ve olumsuz görüşler kaydedilmiştir. Elde edilen görüşler uzman görüşüne sunularak “Güçlü Yönler-Zayıf Yönler-Fırsatlar-Tehditler” matrisi oluşturularak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Şehir hastanelerinin birçok güçlü yanı olduğu ve oldukça fazla fırsatlar sunduğu; fakat bununla birlikte çözülmesi gereken zayıf yönleri ve bazı tehditleri beraberinde getirdiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç ve Öneriler: Uygulamaya yönelik sorunlara cevaplar aranmış ve stratejiler önerilmiştir; fakat cevaplanamayan sorular varlığını korumaktadır. Politika yapıcıların ve karar vericilerin cevap verilemeyen sorulara yönelik çözümler geliştirmelerinin, uygulamanın etkili ve verimli olabilmesi açısından gerekli olduğu düşünülmekte ve önerilmektedir.

Type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) efficiently cross-present antigens that prime cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. cDC1 therefore constitute conceivable targets in cancer vaccine development. We generated recombinant fusion cancer vaccines that aimed to concomitantly deliver tumor antigen and adjuvant to CD103+ migratory cDC1, following intranasal administration. The fusion vaccine constructs comprised a cDC1-targeting anti-CD103 single chain antibody (aCD103) and a cholera toxin A1 (CTA1) subunit adjuvant, fused with MHC class I and II- or class II-restricted tumor cell antigens to generate a CTA1-I/II-aCD103 vaccine and a CTA1-II-aCD103 vaccine. The immunostimulatory and anti-tumor efficacy of these vaccines was evaluated in murine B16F1-ovalbumin (OVA) melanoma models in C57BL/6 J mice. The CTA1-I/II-aCD103 vaccine was most efficacious and triggered robust tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses along with a Th17-polarized CD4+ T cell response. This vaccine construct reduced the local growth of implanted B16F1-OVA melanomas and efficiently prevented hematogenous lung metastasis after prophylactic and therapeutic vaccination. Anti-tumor effects of the CTA1-I/II-aCD103 vaccine were antigen-specific and long-lasting. These results imply that adjuvant-containing recombinant fusion vaccines that target and activate cDC1 trigger effective anti-tumor immunity to control tumor growth and metastasis.

Araknoid kistler, meninkslerin intrakranial beyin parankimi dışında kalan konjenital malformasyonlarıdır. Birçoğu tesadüfen saptanırlar. Kafa travması sonrası subdural hematoma sebep olabilirler. Literatürde, araknoid kistler ile ilişkili subdural hematom tedavisinde çeşitli cerrahi yöntemler önerilmiştir. Bunlar; burr hole ya da kraniotomi ile subdural hematom boşaltılması, endoskopiyle kist fenestrasyonu ve subdural hematom boşaltılması, burr hole ya da kraniotomiyle subdural hematom boşaltılması sonrası kistoperitoneal şant takılmasıdır. En sık kullanılan uygulama burr hole ile subdural hematom boşaltılmasıdır. Diğer tedavi seçenekleri burr hole ile subdural hematom drenajının başarısız olduğu durumlarda önerilmektedir. Biz bu olgu sunumunda, burr hole ile subdural hematom drenajı yaparak tedavi ettiğimiz iki hastamızın sonuçlarını bildirmek istiyoruz.

It is conventional in wind energy assessment projects to calculate the expected value of the annual energy production (AEP). However, ignoring the effect of wind speed distribution on the distribution of the annual energy production may cause wrong predictions in the cost analysis. For a better estimation of the payback period, it is essential to accurately determine the confidence levels of the electricity cost around the expected value.Wind speed distributions are commonly represented by the Weibull model. Improved functions or nonparametric functions are preferred in the case of multimodal wind speed distributions. As nonparametric probability density function, the optimum spline based functions are implemented and compared to Weibull, Weibull & Weibull for two different wind sites. The results show that the spline based probability density functions produce minimum fitting error for the analyzed cases. Once the wind speed distributions are characterized, random wind speeds are generated to calculate the AEP distributions by Monte Carlo simulations. The cost analysis is then carried out based on the AEP distributions which includes the determination of the confidence levels. It is observed that the confidence levels of the electricity costs which are not falling close to the expected cost region are much greater.

Bu çalışmada bireysel özellikler, sağlık okuryazarlığı ve genel sağlık durumu arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri bireysel özellikleri belirlemeye yönelik sorular ve sağlık okuryazarlığı ölçeği içeren anket formuyla toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda 382 kullanılabilir anket elde edilmiştir. Veriler SPSS paket programına girilerek gerekli analizler yapılmış ve kişilerin bireysel özellikleri, sağlık okuryazarlık düzeyleri ve genel sağlık durumları arasındaki ilişki incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Katılımcıların %63,6’sının yeterli düzeyde sağlık okuryazarlığına sahip olmadığı, sağlık okuryazarlığı skor ortalamalarının 30,43 olduğu, sağlık okuryazarlığı seviyesi arttıkça genel sağlık durumunun da iyiye doğru gittiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, bireysel özelliklerin sağlık okuryazarlığı üzerinde; sağlık okuryazarlığının da genel sağlık durumu üzerinde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir. EXTENDED SUMMARY Research Problem The period we are in is perhaps the period in which change is experienced the fastest. Changes in technology lead to improvements and changes in all areas of life. These developments and changes are rapidly adapted to health services, which are the most important in life. Thus, healthcare services encounter innovations at every stage of change. Today's health services force personals to be health literate. Based on this, this study aimed to decide the relationship between personal characteristics, health literacy, and general health status. Research Questions What is the health literacy level of personals? Do personal characteristics affect health literacy? How do personal characteristics affect health literacy? Do personal characteristics affect health literacy and health literacy overall health status? How do personal characteristics affect health literacy and health literacy overall health status? Literature Review Health literacy is defined as the ability to use, interpret and use health-related information and services such as the protection, improvement, and treatment of a person's health, or the ability to obtain, understand and use the necessary health information to make the most appropriate personal decision about health. Looking at the definitions, it is understood that personals may have different levels of health literacy depending on the degree to which they meet the mentioned requirements. Health literacy varies among personals in terms of variables such as age, gender, marital status, educational status, and monthly income. Changes in the provision of healthcare services further increase the complexity of the system. In such a complex system, people need to have a certain level of health literacy to reach the health services they need and to get the greatest benefit from the health services they reach. It is stated in the literature that personals with insufficient health literacy cannot access health services, use health services inadequately and excessively, cannot adapt to treatment, do not comply with the recommendations of the physician, and as a result of all these, there is not enough improvement in health outcomes. Methodology This study was conducted to investigate whether there are a relationship between personal characteristics, health literacy levels, and general health status of patients admitted to the hospital. The universe of the study consists of the patients who apply to the Kırıkkale Yüksek İhtisas Hospital within a month. The total number of patients from one year ago was used to determine the sample. It was determined that 881.955 patients applied to the hospital in the previous year and the average number of applications per month was around 73.500 people. It was determined that 382 people were enough for a universe of 73500 people. A questionnaire form consisting of two parts was used in the study. In the first part of the questionnaire form, there are questions about individual characteristics and a question about general health, in the second part, in the study named "European Health Literacy Project 2009-2012", developed by the European Union; SOYA-AB 47 (HLS-EU Q), whose Turkish validity and reliability study was conducted by Tanrıöver et al. Cronbach Alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability of the scale used in the study. Descriptive statistics, the One-Way ANOVA test, Independent Samples T-test, and Chi-Square test were used in analyzing the data. Results and Conclusions The average score obtained by the participants in the study from the health literacy scale was found to be 30.43. It was determined that 63.6% of the participants had insufficient health literacy. Also, it was found that there is a relationship between the trio of personal characteristics, health literacy, and general health status. Considering the factors affecting health literacy to prevent negative health consequences, it is thought and suggested that it would be beneficial to carry out studies to improve health literacy.

BackgroundPatient deaths are an unavoidable occurrence in surgical practice. Although these events have negative effects on patients and their families, they can also have a profound adverse impact on surgeons who are unprepared for these deep emotional experiences. This study aims to investigate the impact of patient deaths on general surgeons’ psychosocial well-being and surgical practices.MethodsA national cross-sectional survey of a 30-item questionnaire was conducted. The survey evaluated the surgeons’ demographics, professional and practice characteristics, and the impact of patient deaths on their emotional well-being, professional career, and social life.ResultsFour hundred eighty participants completed the survey. One-third of the participants reported that patient deaths affected their emotional well-being, 23.3% reported that patient deaths affected their social life, and 34.2% reported that patient deaths affected their professional career. Surgeons who reported suffering from the emotional impact of death exhibited no differences in terms of place of practice, academic title, surgical experience, work hours, or annual surgical volume. Middle-aged surgeons (p = 0.004), females (p = 0.041), and surgeons who reported feeling burned out (p

Necip Fazıl Kısakürek’in ikisi yarım kalmış on yedi tiyatro eseri bulunmaktadır. Bu eserler içinde; Bir Adam Yaratmak, Para, Nam-ı Diğer Parmaksız Salih, Reis Bey, Yunus Emre ve İbrahim Ethem, Püf Noktası adlı oyunların merkezî kişilerinde kişilik değişimi/dönüşümü görülür. Yazarın diğer tiyatrolarının merkezî kişilerinde kişilik değişimine rastlanmaz. Bu sebeple çalışmamız, belirtilen altı eserin kişilik değişimi odağında incelenmesi ile sınırlı tutulmuştur. Öncelikle oyun kişilerinin kişilik değişimleri kuramsal düzlemde ele alınmaya çalışılmış, bu amaçla kişilik kavramı ve kişilik değişimi ile ilgili teorik yaklaşımlara değinilmiştir. Kişilik ve kişilik değişimi kavramlarının özellikle psikoloji ve din alanlarıyla ilişkili olması nedeniyle her iki alanda yapılan bazı çalışmalara konumuzla ilişkisi bağlamında yer verilmiştir. Kurmaca metinlerde dış gerçekliğin yansıtılma biçimi, çoğu zaman yazarın niyetiyle doğrudan bağlantılıdır. Necip Fazıl Kısakürek, edebiyatın gayesi ve özelde tiyatroya yönelimi ile ilgili fikirleri bağlamında; dünya görüşü ve ideolojik bakış açısını ülküsel bir tutum olarak eserlerine yansıttığını bizzat ifade eder. Dolayısıyla oyunlarındaki merkezî şahıs kadrosunun kişilik değişimlerinin incelenmesi, yazarın ülküsel tutumuyla yazma ediminin bağdaşıp bağdaşmadığını ortaya koyması bakımından önem taşır. Bu çalışmada; belirtilen altı tiyatro eserindeki merkezî kişilerin yaşadıkları değişim ve dönüşümün tespit edilmesine ve söz konusu değişimi/dönüşümü yansıtan motiflerin betimlenerek çözümlenmesine çalışılmıştır.

Gold-sulfide mineralization in the Abu Zawal (Fatira) mine area, North Eastern Desert of Egypt, is related to porphyritic felsite dikes and elongate silicification zones in granitic rocks. These felsite dikes and the host granitic rocks exhibit major and trace element geochemical features typical of calc-alkaline and metaluminous I-type granites, likely originated in a late-orogenic setting. Their geochemical characteristics along with their fractionated LREE relative to HREE patterns imply either formation in a subduction-related environment or generation from subduction-modified source materials. Partial melting of subduction-metasomatized lower crustal rocks during extension following the lithospheric thickening may account for the production of such fertile, high Sr/Y and La/Yb magmas. In the Abu Zawal (Fatira) area, NE-trending altered felsite dikes, hydrothermal breccias, quartz enclaves, and wall-rock replacements are characterized by disseminations of chalcopyrite, pyrite, and rare gold. Alteration mineralogy, dominated by sericite, drusy quartz, kaolinite, calcite, and specular hematite, combined with the available fluid inclusion data suggests moderate to low temperature and near neutral pH conditions. The geochemical data of the altered wallrocks and mass balance calculations indicate significant mass losses in the altered rocks consistent with fluid/wallrock ratios higher than unity and near neutral pH conditions. Considering that the silica-rich host rocks, hydrothermal alteration, and sulfide-bearing hydrothermal quartz breccia in Fatira mine area were intuitively related to sulfur-saturated, oxidized felsic magmatism and associated hydrothermal systems, they are most likely linked to the post-subduction felsite porphyries (post-Hammamat felsites ~ 607 Ma), or pertaining to the late phases of the subaerial high-K calc-alkaline volcanics (Dokhan Volcanics ≤ 620 Ma).

Stromatolites are the oldest recognized fossil recordings of life on Earth. Therefore, their study of them represents one of the most interesting topic that investigates the physio-chemical environmental conditions (formations and precipitations) at which the stromatolites formed. This work deals with the rare earth elements (REEs) geochemical characteristics and the redox-sensitive trace elements behavior of the stromatolites newly formed in Salda Lake, a closed system alkaline lake surrounded by serpentinite rocks in SW Turkey. The representative stromatolite samples collected from Salda Lake show higher contents of MgO (up to 41.5 wt.%), CO2+OH (up to 56.6 wt.%), and MgO/CaO ratio (up to 42.2 wt.%) referring to the stromatolites had been controlled by microorganisms and deposited in subtidal areas having hydro-magnesite and aragonite mineralogy. The average trace element contents of the stromatolites are 8.4 ppm V, 0.09 ppm Cr, 3.50 ppm Co, 95.6 ppm Ni, 0.73 ppm Cu, 1.55 ppm Rb, 37.6 ppm Sr, 0.59 ppm Y, 17.7 ppm Zr, 3.60 ppm Nb, 21 ppm Ba, 0.05 ppm Hf, 3.5 ppm As, 0.02 ppm Cd, 0.05 ppm U, 0.05 ppm Th, 2.85 ppm Pb, and 6.60 ppm Zn. The Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS)-normalized REE patterns of the stromatolites reveal that the heavy REEs (HREEs) are enriched relative to the light REEs (LREEs) with highly negative Y and Ce-anomalies and positive Eu-anomalies. This refers to the stromatolites formed in predominantly oxidizing environmental conditions at partially warm lake waters. In addition, the hydromagnesite composition of the Salda Lake stromatolites indicates that they were precipitated from the waters influenced by Mg-rich meteoric waters fed from the serpentinite rocks around the Lake.

Bu çalışma, Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi öğrencilerinin e-sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeylerini belirlemek ve öğrencilerin demografik özelliklerinin e-sağlık okuryazarlığı üzerinde etkili olup olmadığını ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın evrenini Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi’nde 2016-2017 yılında eğitim gören öğrenciler oluşturmaktadır (N=1621). Öğrencilerin e-sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeylerini belirlemek için Norman ve Skinner (2006a) tarafından geliştirilen ve Coşkun ve Bebiş (2015) tarafından Türkçe geçerlik-güvenirlik çalışması yapılan “E-Sağlık Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği (e-HEALS:The e-Health Literacy Scale)” kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin e-sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeylerinin orta ve yüksek seviyede olduğu (ortalama 29,48) belirlenmiştir. Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi öğrencilerinin e-sağlık okuryazarlığı düzeylerinin iyileştirilmesi konusunda çalışmalar yapılması önerilmektedir.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada hasta güçlendirme ve yaşam kalitesi arasındaki ilişkinin ve hastaların yaşam kalitesini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: Araştırmaya bir üniversite hastanesinde 5 Şubat-25 Mayıs 2018 tarihleri arasında dâhiliye, göğüs hastalıkları, kardiyoloji ve genel cerrahi birimlerinde poliklinik başvurusu yapan kronik hastalar dâhil edilmiştir. Astım, diyabet, kronik obstrüktif akciğer hastalığı (koah), tiroid ve kalp rahatsızlığı bulunan hastaların dâhil edildiği bu çalışmada Small (2012) tarafından geliştirilen, Kaya ve Işık (2018) tarafından Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği yapılan hasta güçlendirme ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Hastaların yaşam kalitesi ise The Euro Qol Group tarafından geliştirilmiş olan EQ-5D 5L ölçeğinin Hollanda ağırlıkları ile uygulanması ile değerlendirilmiştir. Rastgele örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır ve 515 hasta araştırmaya dâhil edilmiştir. Araştırmanın verileri SPSS 23 programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Uygulanan hasta güçlendirme ölçeğine ilişkin ortalama skor 130,18 olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Hasta güçlendirme ile yaşam kalitesi arasında orta düzeye yakın pozitif yönlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Ayrıca yaş grubu ve kronik hastalık türünün hasta güçlendirme ve yaşam kalitesi skoru üzerinde değişikliğe yol açtığı belirlenmiştir.Sonuç: Bu çalışmada hasta güçlendirme ile yaşam kalitesi arasında ilişki olduğu ve hasta güçlendirmenin yaşam kalitesini artırdığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu yüzden hastaların güçlendirilmesine yönelik uygulamalara önem verilmesi, hastanın tedavisine aktif katılımının sağlanması ve uygulanacak politikaların bu doğrultuda planlanması önerilmektedir.

Principal component analysis (PCA) as a machine-learning technique could serve in disease diagnosis and prognosis by evaluating the dynamic morphological features of exosomes via Cryo-TEM-imaging. This hypothesis was investigated after the crude isolation of similarly featured exosomes derived from the extracellular vehicles (EVs) of immature dendritic cells (IDCs) JAWSII. It is possible to identify functional molecular groups by FTIR, but the unique physical and morphological characteristics of exosomes can only be revealed by specialized imaging techniques such as cryo-TEM. On the other hand, PCA has the ability to examine the morphological features of each of these IDC-derived exosomes by considering software parameters such as various membrane projections and differences in Gaussians, Hessian, hue, and class to assess the 3D orientation, shape, size, and brightness of the isolated IDC-derived exosome structures. In addition, Brownian motions from nanoparticle tracking analysis of EV IDC-derived exosomes were also compared with EV IDC-derived exosome images collected by scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Sodium-Dodecyl-Sulphate-Polyacrylamide-Gel-Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed to separate the protein content of the crude isolates showing that no considerable protein contamination occurred during the crude isolation technique of IDC-derived-exosomes. This is an important finding because no additional purification of these exosomes is required, making PCA analysis both valuable and novel.

In this study, Co-B catalyst was synthesized by using activated carbon obtained from Siirt pistachio shell, which is an agricultural waste, and this catalyst was used in hydrogen production process. Siirt pistachio is one of the most important agricultural income sources of Siirt region. After processing pistachio, the remaining pistachio shell is considered as agricultural waste, and the efficient use of this waste is of great importance. Activated carbon supported Co-B catalyst was used in the reduction of NaBH4. In order to define the kinetics of the catalyst, different NaBH4 concentrations, catalyst concentrations and temperatures were studied. In the methanolysis experiments using the same NaBH4 concentration at 30 °C with different catalyst amounts, the completion time of the reaction was shortened as the amount of catalyst increased, and the rate of hydrogen production was observed to be increasing. In the presence of activated carbon-supported Co-B catalyst, when different temperature (30-60 oC) activities of methanolysis experiments were examined, it was observed that the reaction rate increased significantly with increasing temperature. It was found that agricultural waste can be efficiently used to produce support material for the production of high capacity catalysts. Finally, the reaction pattern was extracted using the data from the results of this experiment, whereby an empirical formula was derived, and the result of the future experiments can theoretically be obtained with this equation. As a result of this study, Siirt pistachio shell, considered as agricultural waste, is effectively processed and converted into a product with high added value.

The effect of taper stacking location for ONERA M6 wing is analyzed in terms of the lift, drag and lift-to-drag ratio. The stacking location is defined as the non-dimensional distance from the sectional leading edge to the taper axis. The non-dimensionalization is based on the sectional chord length. Different wing shapes are generated by linearly or parabolically varying the stacking location along the span. Various wing cases are investigated under the same angle of attack. The steady-state turbulent flowfields are computed by solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model with the extended wall function is used to calculate the eddy viscosity. It is observed that there exist some cases in which the values of lift, drag and lift-to-drag ratio change significantly. Moreover, the spanwise variation of the stacking location has a pronounced effect on the formation and the characteristics of the shock wave.

Objective:This study aimed to investigate possible early childhood caries (ECC) risk indicators in preschoolers who applied for examination/treatment at the Government University Pediatric Dentistry Clinic, İstanbul, Turkey.Material and Methods:Children aged 36-71 months and their mothers who applied for examination/treatment and consented were enrolled in this cross-sectional survey during a 3-month period. Mother-child pairs were examined intraorally, and caries experience was recorded using (dmft/DMFT) an index. A structured questionnaire inquiring oral hygiene habits and diet history of the children was employed to interview the mothers. Categorical data from children with no clinical caries (NC), ECC, Severe ECC (S-ECC) were compared using Chi-square test and correlation of caries experience in mother-child pairs and were tested with Spearman rho. Statistical significance was set p

The effect of parabolic taper distribution along the span of a helicopter rotor blade is analyzed in terms of the rotor thrust, torque and Figure of Merit. Various maximum chord length values are investigated. The Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes computations are done using the FINE/Turbo flow solver developed by NUMECA International. The Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model is used to calculate the eddy viscosity. The baseline blade is selected as the Caradonna-Tung rotor blade. Different blade shapes were generated by setting the maximum chord length at different spanwise locations for the same planform area as the baseline blade. Three optimum cases are observed: maximum Figure of Merit, maximum thrust for the baseline Figure of Merit and maximum Figure of Merit for the baseline thrust. Those optimum cases are noticed when the maximum chord length is 1.3 times the baseline blade chord length.

Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome (MRS) is a rare disorder consisting of a triad of persistent or recurrent orofacial edema, relapsing facial paralysis and fissured tongue. It is rarely possible to observe all aspects of the classical triad at the same time, since these symptoms may appear in different times of life cycle. The most common symptom is orofacial edema. Although etiology of MRS is unclear, various factors such as infections, genetic predisposition, immune deficiency, food intolerance and stress have been held responsible. MRS is diagnosed based on clinical features. This case report describes a 39 years old male patient with recurrent swelling of the upper lip. Clinical examinations showed classical triad of MRS. The diagnosis and treatment procedures were presented with special emphasis to the clinical features of this rare condition.

This study was performed in an around Süloğlu Dam Lake located 2.5 km far away from Süloğlu, a district settled 36 km northeast of Edirne province. The results of 30 days of observations between October 2012 and September 2013 were evaluated and a total of 101 bird species were determined. The regional status of determined species, as well as their protection and breeding status were given as a table. The problems concerning the study area and the birds species present and solution offers to these problems were discussed.

This study was performed between October 2011 and September 2014 in İğneada Longoz Forests and its neighbourhood located inside borders of İğneada district of Demirköy, Kırklareli located to the north-eastern part of Thrace Region. Field observations were performed for a total of 27 days during the whole study period and the results of the observations were evaluated. The evaluation of the collected data showed that 227 bird species from 52 families within 19 orders existed. Regional status of these species, in addition to their conservation and breeding status were given in a table. The problems related to the bird species determined and those of the study region and solution offers to these problems were discussed.

This study was performed between October 2011 and September 2014 in İğneada Longoz Forests and its neighbourhood located inside borders of İğneada district of Demirköy, Kırklareli located to the north-eastern part of Thrace Region. Field observations were performed for a total of 27 days during the whole study period and the results of the observations were evaluated. The evaluation of the collected data showed that 227 bird species from 52 families within 19 orders existed. Regional status of these species, in addition to their conservation and breeding status were given in a table. The problems related to the bird species determined and those of the study region and solution offers to these problems were discussed.

This study was performed in an around Süloğlu Dam Lake located 2.5 km far away from Süloğlu, a district settled 36 km northeast of Edirne province. The results of 30 days of observations between October 2012 and September 2013 were evaluated and a total of 101 bird species were determined. The regional status of determined species, as well as their protection and breeding status were given as a table. The problems concerning the study area and the birds species present and solution offers to these problems were discussed.

Ultra-high-strength concrete is a newly developed construction material that has a minimum 120 MPa or higher compressive strength. Recently, the usage of high-strength and ultra-high-strength concretes has become widespread due to the enhancement of the concrete technology. Many civil engineering structures constructed by using concrete materials are usually subjected to, in addition to static loads, dynamic loads due to earthquakes, wind and storm, impact and blast, which take place under high energy and high strain rate values. The effects of such loadings on the structure must be understood thoroughly. In recent years, the withstanding of a structure on these loading conditions has become a crucial issue for its impact on the economy and human safety. One of the approaches to fulfill these requirements is to develop high-strength or ultra high-strength concretes (UHSCs). In this study, an ultra-high-strength concrete with a compressive strength of 135 MPa was designed and developed. In order to determine the dynamic behavior of this UHSC, the specimens at three height/diameter ratios (approximately, 0.6, 1.0 and 1.2) were extracted from the prepared concrete mixtures. These concrete specimens were tested to determine both the quasi-static and dynamic compressive behaviors of the developed concrete. In the quasi-static compression tests, cylindrical specimens and a conventional compressive testing machine were used. In order to study the dynamic compressive behavior, a Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) test setup was used. In this test system, the time variations of compressive strength, the strain and strain rates under uniaxial pressure loading were experimentally evaluated and the deformation and fracturing processes of the specimens were recorded using a high-speed camera. The test results, based on the testing of 21 different specimens, have shown that the dynamic compressive strength values of the developed concrete varied in the range of 143 to 253 MPa, while the strain rate values varied in the range of 353 s−1 to 1288 s−1. Using the data generated in the SHPB tests, the parameters present in a Johnson–Holmquist–Cook concrete material model, which is used in numerical studies on the high strain rate behavior of concretes, were evaluated.

The common approach to wind energy feasibility studies is to use Weibull distribution for wind speed data to estimate the annual energy production (AEP). However, if the wind speed data has more than one mode in the probability density, the conventional distributions including Weibull fail to fit the wind speed data. This highly affects the technical and economic assessment of a wind energy project by causing crucial errors. This paper presents a novel way to define the probability density for wind speed data using splines. The splines are determined as a solution of constrained optimization problems. The constraints are the characteristics of probability density functions. The proposed method is implemented for different wind speed distributions including multimodal data and compared with Weibull, Weibull and Weibull and Beta Exponentiated Power Lindley (BEPL) distributions. It is also compared with two other nonparametric distributions. The results show that the spline-based probability density functions produce a minimum fitting error for all the analyzed cases. The AEP calculated based on this method is considered to have high fidelity, which will decrease the investment risk.

Just as they do everywhere, illegal acts disturbing the peace and order of the social life also took place frequently in the Ottoman society. They occured in all residential areas ranging from the villages to the cities, and were committed either by individuals or people banded together. The state administration, taking the public complaints seriously and seeking solutions for the sake of communal peace, always stood against those involved personally or collectively in cases of cruelty, especially in those of seizure of goods and usurping of money, encroachment of estate or mansion, and aggressions against one’s life. In this study, we investigated the illegal acts that took place at Yabanabad district of Ankara in the 18th century, with regard to the information and related regulations contained in the archival records and the law registers, so as to see into which events of this period were considered unlawful, how the victimized people reacted to illegal assaults, how the state treated those involved in such crimes, and what sort of judicial proceedings were implemented in preventing these problems.

Büyük Menderes Grabeni'nin kuzey kenarında yer alan Ortakçı sıcak ve mineralli su kaynağı 48.1 °C sıcaklık ve 2.4 l/s debiye sahiptir. Kaynak, derinlere süzülen meteorik suların genç tektonik aktivite ile ısınması ve basınç altındaki bu suyun fay boyunca yükselerek yeryüzüne ulaşması sonucu oluşmuştur. Büyük Menderes Masifi'nin gnays, kuvarsit ve şistlerindeki çatlaklarda dolaşan jeotermal akışkan bu kayalarla kimyasal dengeye erişmemiştir. Na-SO4-HCO3 tipinde olan kaynağın yeraltındaki sıcaklığı jeotermometre hesaplamalarına göre 80 °C civarındadır.

The temperature and discharge of the Ortakçı hot and mineralized water are 48.1 °C and 2.4 l/s, respectively. The spring has being formed as a result of ascending geothermal fluid due to the tectonic activity of the region. The geothermal fluid within joints has not been reached to chemical equilibrium with host rock which consists of gneiss, quartzite and schist. Ortakçı thermal water is the type of Na-SO4-HCO3 and subsurface temperature calculated using chemical geothermometers is about 80 °C.

Büyük Menderes Grabeni'nin kuzey kenarında yer alan Ortakçı sıcak ve mineralli su kaynağı 48.1 °C sıcaklık ve 2.4 l/s debiye sahiptir. Kaynak, derinlere süzülen meteorik suların genç tektonik aktivite ile ısınması ve basınç altındaki bu suyun fay boyunca yükselerek yeryüzüne ulaşması sonucu oluşmuştur. Büyük Menderes Masifi'nin gnays, kuvarsit ve şistlerindeki çatlaklarda dolaşan jeotermal akışkan bu kayalarla kimyasal dengeye erişmemiştir. Na-SO4-HCO3 tipinde olan kaynağın yeraltındaki sıcaklığı jeotermometre hesaplamalarına göre 80 °C civarındadır.

Denizli Belediyesi mücavir alanı ve yakın çevresinde (a) alüvyon, (b) alüvyon yelpazesi ve (c) Neojen yaşlı gölsel çökellerden oluşan üç akifer sisteminin kombinasyonu birleşik bir hidrolik sistem meydana getirmiştir.Bu sistem bazı alanlarda birleşik basınçlı akifer formasyonunu ve basınçlı akiferi, bazı alanlarda ise serbest akiferleri oluşturmaktadır. Yüksek potansiyele sahip bu akiferlerin beslenmesi, güney kesimdeki metamorfik kayalardan yeraltı suyu akımı ve yağıştan süzülme yoluyladır. Akiferlerden artezyen veya pompaj yoluyla önemli miktarda yeraltı suyu çekilebilecek potansiyel vardır. İnceleme alanında yeraltı sularının iyon derişimi akım yönünde artar ve kimyasal kompozisyonu kalsiyum bikarbonatlı tipten magnezyum sülfatlı tipe döner. Bu dönüşüm, Neojen birimleri içindeki tuz oluşuklarının yeraltı suları tarafından yıkanması nedeniyledir. Dolayısıyla su kalitesi akım yönünde bozulur ve içmede kullanılamaz.

Within the urban area of Denizli Municipality and its vicinity, the hydraulic picture is a combination of three aquifer systems in the (a) alluvium (b) alluvial fan and (c) the Neogene lacustrine deposits. At different locations free surface, semi-confined and confined aquifers are observed. These aquifers are recharged by rain water and groundwater flow coming from the metamorphic rocks located at the southern parts of the study area. The groundwater exploitation potential (artesian and pumping) is high. The total ion concentration in the groundwater increases in the flow direction. At the same time, the chemical composition changes from calcium bicarbonate to magnesium sulfate type. This is due to the solution of the salts in the Neogene sediment deposits which get in contact with the groundwater. This brackish groundwater is not potable.

Yerleşim yeri seçimi projelerinin ilk aşamasında yapılan jeolojik ve jeoteknik çalışmalarda üretilen veriler kentleşmenin temel ve ilk aşamasıdır. Bu çalışmalardan elde edilen sonuçlarla üretilen mühendislik jeolojisi haritaları ise imar planlarını ve yapılaşmayı yönlendirmektedir. Denizli Belediyesi Yerleşim Alanlarının Jeolojik, Jeoteknik ve Hidrojeolojik Özellikleri adlı projede üretilen verilere ilişkin jeolojik ve jeoteknik kent bilgi sistemi JEO-KBS bu çalışmada oluşturulmuştur. Geliştirilen JEO-KBS sisteminde topoğrafik, imar, mahalle haritaları sayısallaştırılmıştır. Arazide ve laboratuarda yapılan jeoteknik deneyler, jeofizik ölçümler ve jeolojik bilgiler için veri taban oluşturulmuş ve bu veri tabanındaki veriler JEO-KBS sisteminde değerlendirilerek Denizli merkezi yerleşim alanları için mühendislik jeolojisi haritaları oluşturulmuştur. JEO-KBS sistemi içinde sayısal harita üzerinde istenilen bir noktada jeolojik ve jeoteknik bilgilere grafik ortamında çok kısa sürede ulaşmak ve bu verileri uygulamaya aktarmak mümkündür. Belediyelerin bu tür kent bilgi sistemleri yardımıyla kentin gelişimini kontrol etmeleri ve yeni değerlendirmeler yapmaları açısından geliştirilen JEO-KBS sistemi önemli katkı sağlamaktadır.

Geological and geotecnical investigations which are carried out at the first stage of a settlement place of a city play an important role on the development of urbanization. Engineering geology maps which are prepared by using the data of geological and geotechnical investigation guide urban plans and settlement. In this study a geological and geotechnical city information system of Denizli city (JEO-KBS) was developed by evaluating the Project data of the Geological, Geotechnical and Hydrogeological Properties of Denizli Municipality Settlement Place which was carried out by the research team of the Geological Engineering Department of Pamukkale University. Topography, urban plan and distric maps are digitised into the system. A knowledge base system was written for evaluating geotechnical tests of field and loboratory, geophysical and geological data. Engineering geology maps were prepared in JEO-KBS system by using the data of the knowledge base system. It is possible to reach geological and geotechnical data on a defined point on the graphic screen of JEO-KBS. The developed city knowledge base system gives an important contribution to the municipalities for urban planning and re-evaluation of geological and geotechnical data.

The pituitary gland and infundibulum can be involved in a variety of medical conditions, including infiltrative diseases, fungal infections, tuberculosis, and primary and metastatic tumors. Metastases to the pituitary gland are absolutely rare, and they are generally secondary to pulmonary carcinoma in men and breast carcinoma in women. Pituitary metastases more commonly affect the posterior lobe and the infundibulum than the anterior lobe. The posterior lobe involvement may explain why patients with pituitary metastases frequently present with diabetes insipidus. We are presenting a case report of a 78-year-old male patient who had metastatic prostate with sudden onset of polyuria and persistent thirst. He had no electrolyte imbalance except mild hypernatremia. The MRI scan of the brain yielded a suspicious area in pituitary gland. A pituitary stalk metastasis was found on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pituitary. Water deprivation test was compatible with DI. A clinical response to nasal vasopressin was achieved and laboratory results revealed central diabetes insipidus. As a result, the intrasellar and suprasellar masses decreased in size, and urinary output accordingly decreased.