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This paper proposes a new method to assess the reliability of closed-ring grids by combining the total loss of continuity approach and the classical Monte Carlo simulation. The proposed method is called the Modified Monte Carlo Simulation (MMCS). The MMCS method is tested by Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS) Bus-2 and Bus-4 in three different scenarios: radial, open-ring, and closed-ring. Besides, the method proposed is applied to a real 6-bus closed-ring distribution system. The sensitivity analysis based on fuzzy logic is applied to determine the uncertainties associated with the reliability input data. It is shown that the MMCS method is appropriate to assess the reliability of both open-ring and closed-ring systems, and the sensitivity analysis is crucial to draw the real picture of reliability assessment, and an essential tool for power utilities to determine the most risk parameters that significantly deteriorate system reliability. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

4857 sayılı İş Kanunu’na tabi işçilerin sahip olduğu önemli haklardan birisi de izin hakkıdır. Ancak izin hakkı tek başına bir anlam ifade etmez ve alt türlerine göre incelenmesi gerekir. Çünkü 4857 sayılı İş Kanunu’nda tek bir izin türü belirlenmemiş, bunun yerine farklı amaç-larla kullanılabilecek farklı izin türleri oluşturulmuştur. Yıllık ücretli izin, ücretsiz izin, maze-ret izni ya da diğer izinler şeklinde sınıflandırılabilecek izin hakkı; işçinin en temel anayasal haklarından da birisidir. İşçinin izin haklarını tam ve doğru şekilde kullanması; onun daha verimli olması, iş kazası riskinden daha uzak olması ve işverenin de hukuki sorumluluklarını yerine getirmesi anlamına gelir. Doğru ve efektif uygulama için ise izne dair tüm kuralların detaylı olarak bilinmesi ve bunların çalışma hayatına etkisinin dikkatlice tetkik edilmesi gere-kir. Bu makalede 4857 sayılı İş Kanunu’na tabi olarak çalışan bir işçinin sahip olduğu tüm izin hakları, ilgili mevzuat metinleri taranarak önce sınıflandırılmış ve sonra da bu izinlere ait uyulması gereken tüm kurallar tek tek açıklanmıştır. Böylece işçilerin izin hakkı konusunun her yönüyle açıklanması amaçlanmıştır.

Power system protection plays a very significant role in the reliable operation of the power grid, by safeguarding the personnel, equipment, and property against any undesirable events. These protection systems are traditionally analyzed using computer simulation and physical testing. However, the sampling-based nature of these analysis techniques does not allow us to cover all the possible scenarios and thus the resulting protection systems may not guarantee complete protection. This fact can lead to partial or complete power loss/blackouts, which can have devastating consequences. Formal verification methods have been successfully used to overcome the incomplete analysis issues in many domains of engineering. We believe that their introduction in the analysis of protection systems can lead to more reliable power grid operations. With this motivation, we propose to formally verify the correctness and reliability of the conventional and dual setting directional overcurrent relays. In this regard, we propose the development of the generic Markovian models of the conventional and dual setting directional overcurrent relays. To illustrate the effectiveness of the developed models a simple three bus distribution system network is analyzed to formally verify the efficiency and reliability of these models using PRISM, which is a probabilistic model checking tool. Furthermore, the failure and success probabilities of isolation of the faulty section are also determined.

These days, the concept of distributed generations is being widely adopted due to the increased interest in the smart grid and its applications. The integration of distributed generators (DGs) resulted in the transformation of the distribution networks topology from radial to the looped/meshed networks. However, the addition of DGs not only alters the magnitude of fault current but it also results in bi-directional power flow. Thus, the line protection in a DG based power system is mainly based on the directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) to address the issue of bi-directional power flow. With the technological advancement, the conventional DOCRs are now being replaced by the multi-functional digital relays. This makes it possible to use dual setting DOCRs. In this study, the combined deployment of conventional and dual setting DOCRs is investigated to decrease the number of relays and current transformers (CTs) used for line protection in the IEEE 14 bus distribution system. Since a single dual setting DOCR can have two different tripping curves for forward and backward current directions, the number of costly DOCRs can be reduced compared to the conventional line protection system. To analyze the applicability of the replacement, the proposed protection logic is simulated in the Electrical Transient and Analysis Program (ETAP). Three cases are considered in the simulation. Since, relays and CTs are expensive protection devices, reducing the number of relays and CTs without compromising the level of protection will provide a cost-effective protection solution.

Sunflower pith (SP), a vast agricultural waste is herein used as a precursor material for highly porous low density activated carbon production. Porosity and flake-like microstructure of the SP in its natural form are shown by micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT). Carbonization process turns the SP into thin, separated carbon flakes of 200 nm thickness. Two types of alkaline based chemical activation with KOH and NaOH are performed to yield SP based activated carbon (AC), K-SPAC and N-SPAC, respectively. Microstructural changes upon carbonization and activation process are elaborated by RAMAN, FTIR and SEM analyses. BET Surface area of the NaOH-activated N-SPAC was calculated as 2690 m2/g and was higher than KOH-activated K-SPAC with 2090 m2/g. Maximum adsorption capacity of N-SPAC was calculated as 965 mg/g whereas it was 580 mg/g for K-SPAC. Adsorption kinetic studies for N-SPAC revealed that at a low initial concentration of dye (500 mg/L), the pseudo first-order kinetic model was predictive. On the other hand, at high initial MB concentration (1000 mg/L), the results indicate that the adsorption kinetics follow the Elovich model with intraparticle diffusion as one of the rate-determining steps. In conclusion, overall results suggest that thanks to its highly porous microstructure, the SP is an alternative renewable AC precursor choice for dye removal applications.

Microgrid (MG) is a key part of the future energy system that can operate in either grid-connected or island mode by enabling the growing integration of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic energy, wind energy and hydroelectric power. One of the most substantial phenomena in microgrids is unintentional islanding which can cause significant problems such as power quality, voltage stability and safety hazards. This paper introduces a new passive islanding detection method (IDM) for synchronous and inverter interfaced MGs. The multi-long short-term memory (LSTM) architecture which is one of the most recent and popular techniques of deep learning is first proposed by utilizing voltage and current harmonic distortion measured at the point of common coupling (PCC) of MG. For the first time, the distorted main grid is taken into account with various operating conditions. Numerical simulations are performed in MATLAB/Simulink and comparative analysis of the proposed method with intelligent IDMs is realized to verify its overall superiorities. The proposed method has achieved remarkable performance like average accuracy of 99.3% and minimum loss of 0.06. The multi-LSTM model is able to detect islanding events with accuracy of 97.93% for small than ± 0.5% power mismatch within 50 ms detection time.

Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) technique is an advantageous technique that allows highly pure BNNT synthesis in considerably large amounts. The synthesis quality and the energy efficiency of CVD process is mainly governed by appropriate catalyst choice. This work offers the synthesis and use of a novel alkali based catalyst that is to be used in BNNT synthesis by thermal CVD. The catalyst works at temperatures as low as 750oC that is far below previously reported temperature ranges in the current state of art (1100 oC -1300 oC). Phase analysis of newly introduced catalyst is conducted via XRD. The structural characterization was carried out by Raman Spectroscopy. Microstructure was investigated by SEM and TEM analysis by focusing on size and wall structure of BNNTs, which shown that highly crystalline, long and straight MWBNNTs can be produced on the ceramic substrate at low temperatures by using KFeO2 as parent material. The growth mechanism and the chemical composition was revealed by TEM-EDS and EELS measurements.

The inherent variability of large-scale renewable energy generation leads to significant difficulties in microgrid energy management. Likewise, the effects of human behaviors in response to the changes in electricity tariffs as well as seasons result in changes in electricity consumption. Thus, proper scheduling and planning of power system operations require accurate load demand and renewable energy generation estimation studies, especially for short-term periods (hour-ahead, day-ahead). The time-sequence variation in aggregated electrical load and bulk photovoltaic power output are considered in this study to promote the supply-demand balance in the short-term optimal operational scheduling framework of a reconfigurable microgrid by integrating the forecasting results. A bi-directional long short-term memory units based deep recurrent neural network model, DRNN Bi-LSTM, is designed to provide accurate aggregated electrical load demand and the bulk photovoltaic power generation forecasting results. The real-world data set is utilized to test the proposed forecasting model, and based on the results, the DRNN Bi-LSTM model performs better in comparison with other methods in the surveyed literature. Meanwhile, the optimal operational scheduling framework is studied by simultaneously making a day-ahead optimal reconfiguration plan and optimal dispatching of controllable distributed generation units which are considered as optimal operation solutions. A combined approach of basic and selective particle swarm optimization methods, PSO&amp, SPSO, is utilized for that combinatorial, non-linear, non-deterministic polynomial-time-hard (NP-hard), complex optimization study by aiming minimization of the aggregated real power losses of the microgrid subject to diverse equality and inequality constraints. A reconfigurable microgrid test system that includes photovoltaic power and diesel distributed generators is used for the optimal operational scheduling framework. As a whole, this study contributes to the optimal operational scheduling of reconfigurable microgrid with electrical energy demand and renewable energy forecasting by way of the developed DRNN Bi-LSTM model. The results indicate that optimal operational scheduling of reconfigurable microgrid with deep learning assisted approach could not only reduce real power losses but also improve system in an economic way.

Over the past decades, electric power systems (EPSs) have undergone an evolution from an ordinary bulk structure to intelligent flexible systems by way of advanced electronics and control technologies. Moreover, EPS has become a more complex, unstable and nonlinear structure with the integration of distributed energy resources in comparison with traditional power grids. Unlike classical approaches, physical methods, statistical approaches and computer calculation techniques are commonly used to solve EPS problems. Artificial intelligent (AI) techniques have especially been used recently in many fields. Deep neural networks have become increasingly attractive as an AI approach due to their robustness and flexibility in handling nonlinear complex relationships on large scale data sets. Major deep learning concepts addressing some problems in EPS have been reviewed in the present study by a comprehensive literature survey. The practices of deep learning and its combinations are well organized with up-to-date references in various fields such as load forecasting, wind and solar power forecasting, power quality disturbances detection and classifications, fault detection power system equipment, energy security, energy management and energy optimization. Furthermore, the difficulties encountered in implementation and the future trends of this method in EPS are discussed subject to the findings of current studies. It concludes that deep learning has a huge application potential on EPS, due to smart technologies integration that will increase considerably in the future.

Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation (KAHRAMAA);Qatar National Research Fund (QNRF);Texas A and M University at Qatar 2nd International Conference on Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, SGRE 2019 -- 19 November 2019 through 21 November 2019 -- -- 158292 This paper presents a technical evaluation of the wind potential for the present and the future integration challenges into the Turkey power network. The first part evaluates the feasibility of sites, installments, operation and maintenance. The second part investigates the wind energy integration in the Turkey power network. To determine the potential availability of wind energy in Turkey, feasibility evaluation based on the hourly measured wind speed data for the three years 2008-2010 at 30 m height in Çatalca district is done. These data were obtained from the national meteorology station in Istanbul - the Republic of Turkey are analyzed in order to evaluate the feasibility of wind power potential and to assure supreme assortment of wind turbines installing for the area of interest. Furthermore, the data are extrapolated and analyzed at 60 m and 80 m regarding the variability of the roughness factor. Weibull bi-parameter probability function is used to approximate monthly and annual wind potential and power density based on three calculation methods, namely, the approximated, the graphical and the energy pattern factor methods. The annual mean wind power densities were to be 400.31, 540.08 and 611.02 W/m2 for 30, 60, and 80 m heights respectively. Simulation results prove that the analyzed area is an appropriate place for constructing large-scale wind farms. Key words: wind energy, wind speed, wind turbines, feasibility study. © 2019 IEEE.

7th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA) -- OCT 14-17, 2018 -- Paris, FRANCE, WOS: 000457681100167, The traditional distribution networks are mostly radial. Radial networks are easy to implement and operate, but it introduces a great challenge concerning electricity supply reliability. In organized industrial zones, the unplanned energy interruptions can cost a lot, as industrial loads are always working. Consequently, distribution networks are mostly implemented as a ring network. The ring distribution network improves the electricity supply reliability. However, compared to the radial networks, the application of ring network introduces its own technical challenges such as increased short circuit current during the fault, difficulty in protection coordination, increased rating capacity of each equipment and increased investment cost. In this paper, the protection coordination technique that is used in an organized industrial zone will be discussed. In the ring distribution network, differential relays, which rely on communication between the protection relays, are used for the underground cable protection. To guarantee cable protection when communication is failed, an auxiliary protection by using directional overcurrent relays is used. In this paper, the protection coordination study for the GEBZE organized industrial zone, which is available in Istanbul, Turkey, is conducted by using state of the art methods. The results of the study are verified by applying to ABB relays, which are available on the organized industrial zone's site under study., Int Journal Renewable Energy Res, IJSmartGrid, IEEE, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc, IES, TMEIC, Isahaya Elect Corp

In this paper, a multi agent-based decentralized control strategy for the power management of smart grid connected microgrid (MG) is proposed to reduce distribution loss and improve the voltage regulation, which is implemented through a Multi Agent System (MAS) framework. MG consists of a two-layer infrastructure. The first layer is the electrical distribution network and the second layer is the communication network connecting the agents which could be any component in the system. Agents can collect present states of distributed generators (DGs) and loads when communication lines are added between two layers. In the proposed power management, a set of control laws for agents are derived by considering distance information between agents. Thus, output powers supplied by each DG are determined according to control laws in a way that distribution losses are reduced. Moreover, reactive power supply by DGs is managed in a way that voltage deviation from nominal value at each bus is minimized. Moreover, a theorem is proved that ensures the total output power from DGs equals the load demand of MG. In addition, control law for proposed approach is tested on a modified version of the IEEE 13 bus test system which is modelled in MATLAB-Simulink™. The simulation results in the modified test system are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.

In this paper, two agent-based control techniques for control and management of smart grid (SG) connected microgrid (MG) are proposed to reduce losses; decentralized and hybrid control strategies. Proposed strategies are implemented through a multi agent system (MAS) framework in which MG consists of a two-layer control structure. The first layer is the medium voltage distribution network and the second layer is the communication network between agents. A systematic method has been used in both strategies, which can be used to derive a set of control law for agents from communication network. Also, output power supplied by distributed generations satisfies load demands in SG when agents use control law. Control strategies are tested on a modified IEEE 13-bus test feeder which is modelled in MATLAB-SimulinkTM. The simulation results for the modified test system are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed control strategies and to compare them.

6th International Istanbul Smart Grids and Cities Congress and Fair, ICSG 2018 -- 25 April 2018 through 26 April 2018 -- -- 137884 In this paper, fuzzy-based control approach is proposed to control the street lighting systems depending on solar and wind renewable energy sources. The light intensity is controlled according to the battery level and the speed of the wind. Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) is an efficient technique for solving complex problems with little mathematical equations. The proposed fuzzy controller is designed with MATLAB. The proposed street lighting controller depending on the utility, making the efficient utilization of renewable energy such as solar and wind energy which is very necessary in this energy crisis world and the arising of the environmental pollution concerns. In Turkey, the demand for electric power is growing year after year so; this paper suggests a methodology to cut the electricity bill for the lighting of highways. To show effectiveness and savings of the proposed approach, it is applied to a small section of the lighting system of the environmental highway - in Turkish Çevre Yolu-in Istanbul. © 2018 IEEE.

7th International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA) -- OCT 14-17, 2018 -- Paris, FRANCE WOS: 000457681100134 Operation of closed-ring power distribution systems has various advantages over both meshed-operated and radially-operated systems. Closed-ring system unlike to radial system, the voltage drop is less, achieves high reliability of power on demand since the power is supplied from both ends, and reduces the voltage fluctuation in high loaded areas by using a tie power line. However, the reliability assessment of closed-ring power grids is not a trivial task. Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) is one of the most famous methods to assess the availability of any power system. However, the most proposed methods are able to evaluate the reliability of radial and open-ring grids. This paper developed the best known MCS method to assess the reliability of closed-ring grids by integrating the total loss of continuity (TLOC) definition into the MCS. The developed method is called modified Monte Carlo Simulation (MMCS) method. The MMCS is tested by using Roy Billinton Test System (RBTS) buses 2 and 4. The obtained results confirm the correctness of the proposed method. Therefore, MMCS method is appropriate to assess the reliability of both simple and complicated closed-ring systems. Int Journal Renewable Energy Res, IJSmartGrid, IEEE, IEEE Ind Applicat Soc, IES, TMEIC, Isahaya Elect Corp

6th IEEE International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications, ICRERA 2017 -- 5 November 2017 through 8 November 2017 -- -- 133700 A power balance between supply and demand is essential for reliable and stable operation of power grids. The mismatch between supply and demand causes the frequency deviations which results in malfunction of most of the electrical devices. Moreover, it affects the system stability resulting in system blackouts as that of USA, in 2003. For decades the balancing of supply and demand was based on generation side control of power systems through ahead of time generation dispatch scheduling. The smart grid is being used today to describe technologies and methods that automatically and rapidly isolate faults, restore power, monitor demand, and maintain and restore stability for more reliable electric power. Thus, in this study, a method of controlling active power (balancing demand and supply) in real time is proposed. This method is feasible in smart grid as communication and advanced information technologies are used for real time data exchange about the generation, demand, storage, market, environmental conditions, and other necessary data. These data are important in making decisions about real-time supply and demand balancing in the smart grid. Additionally, in smart grid, taking the advantage of demand response and storage systems, it is possible to balance demand and supply in realtime. The simulation is done by the DigSilent Power Factory simulation tool for verification of the proposed method. In addition to an electric network modeling part of the simulation tool, the DigSilent Programming Language (DPL) feature is used for coding the decision making program. © 2017 IEEE.

Closed-ring operation of distribution systems has several advantages over radially-operated ones. Closed-ring achieves availability of power on demand, reduce grid losses and maintain the reliability at acceptable level. This paper evaluates the reliability of 6-bus closed-ring operated network based on total loss of continuity criterion. The results show dramatically improvement in reliability of closed-ring grids in comparison with normally-open ring distribution grids, the annual down time decreases from 8.7 hours to about 3.0 seconds, and ENS decreases to about 99.97% over the open-ring grids.

Turkey has one of the largest lignite deposits in Europe but the low calorific values of Turkish lignites dictate new and environmentally safe new utilization technologies for further utilization. Research on coal chemical structures has long been of great interest as a fundamental issue for coal chemistry. Identifying the structures of organic material in lignites is important for lignite conversions to clean liquid fuels and value-added chemicals. Therefore, investigation of chemical and degree of ordered structure present in Turkish lignites is desirable. We report structural information of two coals from the Manisa Soma region, two from the Mugla Yatagan region and one from Kutahya Seyitomer region. FTIR spectra of coal samples contained peaks due to OH and C O functional groups, aliphatic CH, CH2, CH3 and aromatic C C and aromatic-CH structures. Coals with higher fixed carbon were oxidized more after oxidation experiments, as evidenced by the higher intensity of the C O band. Coals that contained higher amounts of nonpolar alkyl and aromatic C C, C-H groups were affected more by the oxidation reactions, which formed high-intensity C O band. XRD investigation revealed crystal structures present in the lignites were arranged slightly to form turbostratic arrangement. The structure of Yatagan region coals was less ordered compared to the other samples. The XRD aromaticity (fa) of the coals ranged between 0.642 and 0.777. Investigations showed that there was a good correlation between calculated structural parameters and maturity of the coals. Raman spectra of the coals revealed that samples contained significant proportions of highly disordered amorphous carbon structures. 13C NMR aromaticities of the coal samples were found between 0.536 and 0.754. Aromaticity values obtained by XRD and NMR methods were in high correlation.

Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNT) were synthesized over both Fe3+ impregnated MCM-41 (mobil composition of matter no. 41) and Fe2O3/MCM-41 complex catalyst systems at relatively low temperatures for 1 h by the chemical vapor deposition technique in large quantities. The formation of BNNT was tailored at different reaction temperatures by changing catalyst type. The use of Fe3+-MCM-41 and Fe2O3 as a complex catalyst system led to thin and thick tube formations. The diameters of BNNTs were in the range of 2.5–4.0 nm for thin tubes and 20–60 nm for thick tubes. The thin tube formation originated from the growth of BNNT over Fe3+-MCM-41 due to its average pore size of 4 nm. Higher reaction temperatures caused both BNNT and iron-based side product formations. The hydrogen uptake capacity measurements by the Intelligent Gravimetric Analyzer at room temperature showed that BNNTs could adsorb 0.85 wt % hydrogen which was two times larger than that for commercial carbon nanotubes.

In this work, the yield and chemical characterization of products obtained from the pyrolysis of a mixture of Lolium perenne, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra and Poa pratensis grasses under an inert atmosphere at 600 degrees C with a heating rate of 50 degrees C/min was studied. Distribution of the products of pyrolysis grass sample was: moisture: 8 +/- 2%, total volatiles: 78 +/- 7%, char: 14 +/- 5%. Bio-oils were acidic and dark brown liquids and they were separated into oils, asphaltenes and asphaltols by solvent extraction procedures prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses. GC-MS results showed that the bio-oils contained complex mixtures of organic compounds, including acetic acid and a large variety of oxygenated and nitrogenated compounds such as phenols, pyridines, pyrazoles, imidazoles, amines, and ketones. SEM micrographs of the bio-chars indicated amorphous, porous and heterogeneous structure of the bio-char obtained from the grass sample. EDX analysis of the bio-char revealed that bio-char contained K, Ca, P and Mg elements.

Article 34 (individual applications) of the European Convention of Human Rights reads as follow: “The Court may receive applications from any person, non-governmental organisation or group of individuals claiming to be the victim of a violation by one of the High Contracting Parties of the rights set forth in the Convention or the Protocols thereto…” Thus, in order to rely on Article 34 of the Convention, an applicant must meet two conditions: he or she must fall into one of the categories of petitioners mentioned in Article 34 and must be able to make out a case that he or she is the victim of a violation of the Convention. Whether an applicant has met those conditions, however, may sometimes require a detailed examination. In this paper, case-law of the European Convention of Human Rights on both conditions has been examined, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesinin “Bireysel Başvurular” başlıklı 34. maddesinde “Bu Sözleşme veya protokollerinde tanınan haklarının Yüksek Sözleşmeci Taraflardan biri tarafından ihlal edilmesinden dolayı mağdur olduğunu öne süren her gerçek kişi, hükümet dışı kuruluş veya kişi grupları Mahkeme’ye başvurabilir.” denilmektedir. Buna göre, Mahkemeye bireysel başvuru için başvuranın sayılan kişi, kuruluş veya kişi gruplarından birine dahil bulunması yanında, ayrıca Sözleşme ihlalinin mağduru olması da gerekmektedir. Bununla birlikte, başvuru yapabileceklerin tespiti ile mağdur kavramı bazen ayrıntılı bir incelemeyi gerektirtebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesinin kendisine bireysel başvuruda bulunabilecek olanlar ile mağdur statüsüne yaklaşımı etraflıca incelenmeye çalışılmıştır

In this paper, a detailed analytical analysis of a passive resonant snubber cell that is perfectly constructed for a pulse width modulated (PWM) d.c.–d.c. buck converter is proposed. This snubber cell provides a larger overall efficiency and a wider load range than most of the active snubber cells presented previously, and has a simple structure and low cost. The operation principles and a detailed steady-state analysis of a PWM buck converter implemented with this snubber cell are presented. The theoretical analysis is verified with a prototype of a 5-kW and 50-kHz insulated gate bipolar transistor-(IGBT)-PWM buck converter. All of the semiconductor devices in the converter operate under soft switching conditions. Additionally, at 80% output power, the overall efficiency of the proposed soft switching converter is increased to about 98% from the value of 91% in its counterpart hard switching version.

Demand response (DR) implementations have recently found wide application areas in the context of smart grids. The effectiveness of these implementations is primarily based on the willingness of end-users to be involved in such programs. In this paper, an interactive and user-friendly interface is presented in order to facilitate and accordingly to increase the participation of end-users in DR programs. The proposed interface has the capability of providing the targeted information about the DR events to end-users and system operators, as well as allowing end-users to interactively monitor and control the progress of their appliances. In addition to its benefits to system operators and thus to the improved operation of power systems, the proposed interface particularly aims to exploit the potential energy-related cost savings by providing the required information and resources to end-users via mobile phone. A separate interface apart from the mentioned end-user oriented interface has also been developed for the system operator to more effectively check the status of DR applications in detail. The capabilities of the proposed concept are evaluated in a real smart home in terms of various aspects.

Renewable energy resources have come into prominence as a solution to increased energy demand worldwide. Since the nature of the some renewable energy resources (RES) such as solar and wind energy is intermittent, the reliability of the system supplied from those sources is low. A hybrid energy system combining the several RES is one of the viable solutions to increase the reliability of the system. This paper develops a optimal sizing method for hybrid energy systems incorporating photovoltaic (PV), wind and battery components. In the developed model, the effects of variations in air density and PV conversion efficiency on the generated energy amount are considered in the calculation resulting in more accurate optimal sizing. A remote area in Texas State, USA, is chosen for optimal sizing of hybrid PV/wind/battery energy system based on the case study. Meteorological data such as solar radiation, wind speed and ambient temperature is modified and then converted to useful energy. In order to avoid using excessive battery capacity, the demand response technique is applied for the situation in which energy demand is much more than energy generation. The results show that assuming air density and PV conversion efficiency to be constant causes about 15% and %20 deviation in calculation, respectively. The demand response method also provide saving of 28% in capital cost.

Meeting increased power demand and solving the integration problems of renewable energy sources do not seem to be possible with today's power grid infrastructure. In order to overcome these problems, Smart Grid is the most promising concept which is more reliable, flexible, controllable and environmental friendly. Home energy management (HEM) system, an important part of smart grid, provides a number of benefits such as savings in the electricity bill, reduction in peak demand and meeting the demand side requirements. In this study, a new home energy management algorithm is proposed for smart home having renewable sources. Management mechanism developed uses the battery state of charge (SOC) level, power grid availability and multi-rate tariff to decrease the energy cost in the customer bill. Load and source data is obtained from the real smart house laboratory built in Yildiz Technical University, Turkey. Simulation results obtained from MATLAB/Simulink environment demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in decreasing the electricity bill of customer.

Especially with the developing semi-conductor technology, harmonics have become one of the most popular issues in power system. In this study, the measurements for the harmonic effects of the loads in power system were carried out and also contribution of these loads to harmonic distortion was exhibited. Moreover, the effect of harmonics existing in power sys‐ tem on the performance of some equipment was analyzed experimentally. The obtained re‐ sults were discussed and suggestions were given.

Harmonic distortion and flicker severity have become the main concerns in power transmission networks. Different types of harmonic and flicker sources exist in power systems, such as arc furnaces and cycloconverters. A power quality problem found in networks can cause additional temperature rise, losses, noise, and irritation in the lighting equipment. The aim of this study is to identify the level of harmonics and flicker in the 380-kV transmission network of Turkey. The measurement and analysis are performed using a specially developed power quality analyzer. The effects of harmonics and flicker on the network are discussed based on real measurement results. Moreover, the measurement results are compared to the current regulations in Turkey.

Crystalline, high-surface-area, hexagonal mesoporous MCM-41 having uniform pore sizes and good thermal stability was successfully synthesized at 90 degrees 120 degrees C in 30min using low-power microwave irradiation. This appears to be the first comprehensive and quantitative investigation of the comparatively rapid synthesis of mesoporous MCM-41 using low-power microwave heating of 80W (90 degrees C) and 120W (120 degrees C). The influence of reaction temperature and the duration of heating were carefully investigated, and the calcined MCM-41 materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, nitrogen adsorption, TGA, and FT-IR. The mesoporous MCM-41 product synthesized in 30min at 120W and calcined at 550 degrees C had a very high surface area of 1438m2/g and was highly ordered, containing uniform pores with diameters in the range of 3.54.5nm. The wall thickness of the materials highly depended on the power of the microwave energy used during synthesis. Synthesis of the mesoporous MCM-41 products at 120 degrees C resulted in a structure with thinner walls. The mesoporous MCM-41 materials synthesized in the present work had good thermal stability.

This paper presents measurement system and detailed analysis of power quality at the substation of two different wind farm sites which are of low and high power rate. Measurement system has been designed using a data acquisition board (DAQ), Labview software, Matlab programming and a portable PC. The system has been installed at medium voltage level at substation of both wind farms. The real measurement results at substations are compared to current regulations in Turkey. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Power quality is a considerable concern for power systems. The voltage-current characteristics of iron and steel industries are unsteady and especially in these industries nonlinear loads cause power quality problems. High power steel plants produce three-phase unbalanced operation, flicker and harmonics. This paper presents field measurement results of several steel industries in Turkish Electrical Power System. Also, the effects of these industries on power quality disturbances are investigated. Plant measurements are taken by members of the National Power Quality Project in Turkey. This project is supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey with reference number of 105G129.

The aminoxyl (nitroxyl) labeled (2‐chloroethyl)nitrosocarbamoyl (CNC) derivatives of amino acids, i.e., N ‐[[ N ′‐(2‐chloroethyl)‐ N ′‐nitrosoamino]carbonyl]‐A‐(1‐oxy‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐4‐yl)amides, A = glycyl (10a), A = L‐alanyl (10b), A = L‐valyl (10c), A = L‐phenylalanyl (10d), were synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their anticancer activities against the murine lymphocytic leukemia P388. Compounds 10a‐d possessed activities ranging from 242 to 456% increase in life span (% ILS). All CDF 1 male mice treated with the highly active compounds 10b and 10c at 12 mg/kg/day for 9 days were alive after 30 days. Compounds 10a‐d were then tested in vivo against the murine lymphoid leukemia L1210. Compounds 10a‐d exhibited, on day 60, a % ILS of 496, 663, 663, and 581, respectively. All CDF 1 male mice treated with the highly active compounds 10b and 10c at 12 mg/kg/day for 9 days were alive after 60 days. The lipophilicities of compounds 10a‐d were determined using the UV method. The % ILS parameters obtained against the P388 and L1210 tumor lines were correlated with the corresponding lipophilicities, and a trend was generally observed toward an increase in cytotoxicity with a concomitant decrease in hydrophobicity.