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To evaluate ocular surface alterations in both eyes of patients with unilateral trigeminal neuralgia (TN) compared with controls.Corneal nerves mainly originate from the trigeminal nerve, and neurosensory abnormalities are important factors in ocular surface alterations and dry eye etiopathogenesis.Twenty-four patients with idiopathic unilateral TN and 24 healthy controls with similar sex and age distributions were included in this cross-sectional study conducted from February 15 to September 15, 2021. The eyes on the affected sides of the patients with TN were treated as Group 1, their contralateral eyes as Group 2, and the right eyes of the controls as Group 3. All participants were evaluated for tear film and ocular surface using the Schirmer 1 test, tear breakup time (TBUT), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, and conjunctival impression cytology grading.The mean (SD) ages of the patients with TN (17 of 24 females, 70.8%) and controls (15 of 24 females, 62.5%) were 49.7 (11.7) and 48.5 (9. 6) years, respectively. The median [25th, 75th percentile] Schirmer 1 test results in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 5.0 [4.0, 14.0], 7.0 [3.2, 11.7], and 10.0 [6.0, 15.7] mm, respectively, with no statistically significant differences between Groups 1 and 2 (p = 0.697), Groups 1 and 3 (p = 0.133), or Groups 2 and 3 (p = 0.129). The median TBUT scores in Groups 1, 2, and 3 were 7.0 [5.0, 10.0], 8.0 [5.2, 10.0], and 12.5 [8.0, 13.0] s, respectively, showing reduced times for both Groups 1 and 2 versus Group 3 (median difference = -3.0 [95% CI: -5.0, -1.0], p = 0.001, and median difference = -3.0 [95% CI: -5.0, -2.0], p = 0.001, respectively). Conjunctival impression cytology grades were significantly higher in Groups 1 and 2 versus Group 3 (median difference = 2.0 [95% CI: 1.0, 2.0], p 0.001, and median difference = 1.0 [95% CI: 1.0, 2.0], p 0.001, respectively). The median OSDI score in TN patients (30.2 [25.0, 34.9]) was significantly higher than in the controls (8.3 [0.0, 18.7]), with a median difference of 20.8 (95% CI: 14.7, 27.1), p 0.001.Even if pain is unilateral in patients with TN, there are significant abnormalities in conjunctival cytology and tear functions in both eyes. There seem to be various pathophysiological mechanisms of TN that affect the bilateral ocular surface and lead to significant alterations.

To evaluate conjunctival impression cytology (CIC) findings and tear film parameters in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with controls. Thirty-three patients with MS (MS group) and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (control group) were included in this cross-sectional comparative study. CIC grades, tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer 1 test results, and Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores were compared between the two groups, and correlations between CIC grade, TBUT, Schirmer 1 test result, OSDI score, Expanded Disability Status Scale score, and disease duration were analyzed. Mean CIC grade was higher in the MS group than in the control group (1.48 ± 0.71 and 0.39 ± 0.56, respectively; p

Background and Aim: Carotid artery stenting (CAS) is an alternative approach to carotid endarterectomy in cerebrovascular diseases. The applicability of this procedure has increased as a result of development of cerebral protection devices. In the trial, the clinical and radiological characteristics and early and late outcomes of patients who received CAS were investigated. Methods: The study had a retrospective design. The clinical and radiological characteristics and early and late outcomes after CAS of 76 patients (54 male, 22 female) who were admitted to a university hospital between 2008 and 2014 due to a diagnosis of internal carotid artery stenosis (ICA) were retrospectively reviewed. Results: All patients were symptomatic during their admissions, and after their workups were completed, ICA stenosis was determined. Unilateral (Right ICA 34.2%, left ICA 47.4%) stenosis in 62 patients and bilateral stenosis (18.4%) in 14 patients were determined. The mean degree of stenosis was 82.1 (SD:11.36, range: 60-99%). All patients were treated with stenting for ICA stenosis (technical success rate: 100%). No complications occurred during these procedures. During the one-year follow-up, no recurrent ischemic attack occurred in any patients. Carotid artery disease is highly associated with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, a history of cerebrovascular accidents and transient ischemic attack. Conclusions: Carotid artery disease is a critical factor with co-morbidities and history of cerebrovascular incidents. The carotid artery stenting (CAS) procedure is a method that can be used safely because its serious complication rate is low in cases that are well-selected and have had risk analyses performed regarding medical treatments.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory and neurodegenerative autoimmune chronic neurological disease. Currently, there are no effective serum biomarkers to verify MS diagnosis, to assess disease prognosis, and evaluate response to MS treatment. Objective: The present study is a preliminary assessment of irisin and nesfatin-1 serum levels in patients with relapsing- remitting MS (RRMS). Methods: A total of 86 participants, 42 patients with RRMS diagnosis and 44 healthy controls were included in the study. The serum irisin and nesfatin-1 parameters of the patients and control group members were analyzed. Results: Irisin and nesfatin-1 levels of the RRMS patients were significantly lower than the controls (z: -3.82, p

WOS:000450095400009, PubMed ID: 30042641, Introduction: This study presents the current prevalence of anxiety,mood, and personality disorders as well as factors associated with theexistence of psychiatric disorders in patients with benign paroxysmalpositional vertigo (BPPV).Methods: The study sample comprised 46 patients with BPPV and 74control subjects. Anxiety and mood disorders were ascertained via theStructured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual(DSM) of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition/Clinical Version. Personalitydisorders were diagnosed via the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM,Revised Third Edition, Personality Disorders.Results: Of the 46 patients, 18 (39.1%) had at least one mood or anxietydisorder and 13 (28.3%) had at least one personality disorder. The mostcommon Axis I and Axis II disorders in the patient group were majordepression in 8 (17.4%) and obsessive–compulsive personality disorderin 10 (21.7%) patients, respectively. It was found that major depression(p0.021), generalized anxiety disorder (p0.026) and obsessive–compulsive personality disorder (p0.001) were more prevalent in theBPPV group compared with the control group.Conclusion: Results suggest that psychiatric disturbances should becarefully checked in patients with BPPV due to the relatively high rateof comorbidity., Amaç: Bu çalışma benign paroksismal pozisyonel vertigo (BPPV)hastalarında psikiyatrik bozuklukların varlığı ile ilişkili faktörlerin ve anksiyete, duygudurum ve kişilik bozukluklarının mevcut yaygınlığını sunmaktadır. Yöntem: Araştırma örneklemi 46 BPPV hastası ve 74 kontrol olgusundan oluşmuştur. Anksiyete ve duygudurum bozuklukları Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition/Clinical Version yoluyla tespit edildi. Kişilik bozuklukları tanısı Structured Clinical Interview for DSM, Revised Third Edition Personality Disorders ile konuldu. Bulgular: Kırk altı hastanın 18’in (%39,1) de en az bir duygudurum yada anksiyete bozukluğu ve 13’ün (%28,3) de en az bir kişilik bozukluğu vardı. Eksen I ve Eksen II tanıları olarak en sık, sırasıyla 8 (%17,4) hastada majör depresyon ve 10 (%21,7) hastada obsesif kompulsif kişilik bozukluğu vardı. Major depresyon (p:0,021), yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu (p:0,026) ve obsesif kompulsif kişilik bozukluğu (p:0,001) yaygınlığının kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında BPPV grubunda daha sık görüldüğü bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Sonuçlar; BPPV tanılı hastaların, psikiyatrik bozuklukların yüksek oranlı komorbiditeleri nedeniyle dikkatle değerlendirilmeleri gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is defined as a sudden malfunction in the ability of respiratory system to maintain adequate gas exchange. Acute hypercapnic respiratory failure develops as a result of ventilation deficiency and it is defined as an increase of PaCO2 above 45 mmHg. Myasthenia Gravis (MG) is a sporadically developing auto-immune deficiency where the neuro-muscular transmission is affected and it is one of the important reasons for neurologically-induced respiratory distress. Here, we report a case of a 75-year-old male patient previously undiagnosed MG, who presented with ARF. MG is not a common entity that we encounter daily. Patients on occasions may present to the emergency department because of acute exacerbation. Though most of them were known cases, we should be aware of some unrecognized cases and should consider MG as a differential diagnosis for patients with acute respiratory failure. Keywords: Acute respiratory failure, Myasthenia graves, Emergency medicine

The melatonin as the pineal gland's secretory product is implicated in the pathophysiology of migraine. Melatonin has critical functions in human physiology, and research underscores the importance of melatonin in circadian rhythm, sleep, and mood regulation. Clinical observations have indicated that migraine attacks have a seasonal, menstrual, and circadian timing, suggesting that chronobiological mechanisms and their alterations may causally involve in the etiology of the disease. However, the topic has received relatively little attention in the migraine literature. Associations between melatonin, circadian preference, sleep, and mood states were investigated in the current study. Fifty-five patients (47 females and 8 males) were compared to 57 gender and age-matched control subjects (40 females and 17 males). A socio-demographical questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Profile of Mood States (POMS), and Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire were administered to volunteers. Blood samples were taken from all participants at about 1:00 AM in an unlit room not to hamper melatonin secretion, and blood melatonin levels were measured using quantitative ELISA test. In comparison with controls, melatonin levels were significantly lower among migraine patients. Migraineurs reported significantly greater scores on the BAI, confusion-bewilderment subscale of the POMS, and total and sleep latency subscale of the PSQI. Migraine patients who had nausea during the migraine attacks and who reported bouts relevant to certain food consumption, such as cheese or chocolate, had significantly lower levels of melatonin. Contrarily, groups did not reveal statistically substantial difference in circadian preferences.

Methanol is a clear, colorless solvent used in antifreeze solutions, varnishes, cologne, copying machine fluids, perfume, spirit, paint, and fuel. Even small amounts of ingested methanol can cause acute permanent neurological dysfunction and irreversible blindness. Although there are many reports of methanol poisoning due to suicidal or accidental ingestion, reports of transdermal absorption are rare. We present a 68-year-old man with transdermal methanol intoxication applied to our hospital's emergency department with weakness, loss of vision, and altered state of consciousness.