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Artificial intelligence (AI) and smartphones have attracted significant interest in microfluidic paper‐based colorimetric sensing due to their convenience and robustness. Recently, AI‐based classification of colorimetric assays has been increasingly reported. However, quantitative evaluation remains a challenge, as classification aims to categorize the color change into discrete class labels rather than a quantity. Therefore, in this study, an AI‐based regression model with enhanced accuracy is developed and integrated into a microfluidic paper‐based analytical device for simultaneous colorimetric measurements of glucose, cholesterol, and pH. The model is also embedded into a smartphone via a custom‐designed Android application named ChemiCheck to complete on‐site colorimetric quantification without internet access in under 1 s. The results demonstrate that the integrated system is able to sensitively detect both glucose (limit of detection [LOD]: 131 μM) and cholesterol (LOD: 217 μM), concluding the entire analysis within minutes while maintaining a maximum root mean square error of 0.386. Overall, the integrated platform holds great promise for point‐of‐care testing and offers numerous advantages, including easy‐to‐use operation, rapid response, low‐cost, high selectivity, and consistent repeatability, particularly in nonlaboratory and resource‐limited environments.

Objective: To reveal the profile and practice in patients with acute stroke who received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) and/or neuro-interventional therapy in Türkiye. Materials and Methods: On World Stroke Awareness Day, May 10, 2018, 1,790 patients hospitalized in 87 neurology units spread over 30 health regions were evaluated retrospectively and prospectively. Results: Intravenous tPA was administered to 12% of 859 cases of acute ischemic stroke in 45 units participating in the study. In the same period, 8.3% of the cases received neurointerventional treatment. The rate of good prognosis [modified Rankin score (mRS) 0–2] at discharge was 46% in 83 patients who received only IV tPA [age: 67 +- 12 years; National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS): 12 +- 6; hospital stay, 24 +- 29 days]; 35% in 51 patients who underwent thrombectomy (MT) alone (age: 64 +- 13 years; NIHSS: 14.1 +- 6.5; length of hospital stay, 33 +- 31 days), 19% in those who received combined treatment (age: 66 +- 14 years; NIHSS: 15.6 +- 5.4; length of hospital stay, 26 +- 35 days), and 56% of 695 patients who did not receive treatment for revascularization (age: 70 +- 13 years; NIHSS: 7.6 +- 7.2; length of hospital stay, 21 +- 28 days). The symptom-to-door time was 87 +- 53 minutes in the IV treatment group and 200 +- 26 minutes in the neurointerventional group. The average door-to-needle time was 66 +- 49 minutes in the IV tPA group. In the neurothrombectomy group, the door-to-groin time was 103 +- 90 minutes, and the TICI 2b-3 rate was 70.3%. In 103 patients who received IV tPA, the discharge mRS 0–2 was 41%, while the rate of mRS 0–1 was 28%. In 71 patients who underwent neurothrombectomy, the mRS 0–2 was 31% and mRS 0–1 was 18%. The door-to-groin time was approximately 30 minutes longer if IV tPA was received (125 +- 107 and 95 +- 83 minutes, respectively). Symptomatic bleeding rates were 4.8% in IV recipients, 17.6% among those who received only MT, and 15% in combined therapy. Globally, the hemorrhage rate was 6.8% in patients receiving IV tPA and 16.9% in MT. Conclusion: IV thrombolytic and neurointerventional treatment applications in acute ischemic stroke in Türkiye can provide the anticipated results. Heterogeneity has begun to be reduced in our country with the dissemination of the system indicated by the 'Directive on Health Services to be Provided to Patients with Acute Stroke.'

Objective: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common directly preventable cause of ischemic stroke. There is no dependable neurology-based data on the spectrum of stroke caused by AF in our country. Within the scope of NeuroTek-Turkey, hospital-based data on acute stroke patients with AF were collected to contribute to the creation of acute stroke algorithms. Materials and Methods: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common directly preventable cause of ischemic stroke. There is no dependable neurology-based data on the spectrum of stroke caused by AF in Türkiye. Within the scope of NöroTek-Türkiye (TR), hospital-based data on acute stroke patients with AF were collected to contribute to the creation of acute-stroke algorithms. Results: The rate of AF in patients hospitalized for ischemic stroke/TIA was 29.8%, of which 65% were known before stroke, 5% were paroxysmal, and 30% were diagnosed after hospital admission. The proportion of patients with AF who received 'effective' treatment [international normalization ratio ≥2.0 warfarin or non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) at a guideline dose] was 25.3%, and, either no medication or only antiplatelet was used in 42.5% of the cases. The low dose rate was 50% in 42 patients who had a stroke while taking NOACs. Anticoagulant was prescribed to the patient at discharge at a rate of 94.6%; low molecular weight or unfractionated heparin was prescribed in 28.1%, warfarin in 32.5%, and NOACs in 31%. The dose was in the low category in 22% of the cases discharged with NOACs, and half of the cases, who received NOACs at admission, were discharged with the same drug. Conclusion: NöroTekTR revealed the high but expected frequency of AF in acute stroke in Türkiye, as well as the aspects that could be improved in the management of secondary prophylaxis. AF is found in approximately one-third of hospitalized acute stroke cases in Türkiye. Effective anticoagulant therapy was not used in three-quarters of acute stroke cases with known AF. In AF, heparin, warfarin, and NOACs are planned at a similar frequency (one-third) within the scope of stroke secondary prophylaxis, and the prescribed NOAC dose is subtherapeutic in a quarter of the cases. Non-medical and medical education appears necessary to prevent stroke caused by AF.

Objective: Nutritional status assessment, dysphagia evaluation and enteral feeding decision are important determinants of prognosis in acute neurovascular diseases. Materials and Methods: NöroTek is a point prevalence study conducted with the participation of 87 hospitals spread across all health sub regions of Turkey conducted on 10-May-2018 (World Stroke Awareness Day). A total of 972 hospitalized neurovascular patients [female: 53%, age: 69+-14; acute ischemic stroke in 845; intracerebral hematoma (ICH) in 119 and post-resuscitation encephalopathy (PRE) in 8] with complete data were included in this sub-study. Results: Gastrostomy was inserted in 10.7% of the patients with ischemic stroke, 10.1% of the patients with ICH and in 50% of the patients with PRE. Independent predictors of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) administration were The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission [exp (β): 1.09 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.05-1.14, per point] in ischemic stroke; and mechanical ventilation in ischemic [exp (β): 6.18 (95% CI: 3.16-12.09)] and hemorrhagic strokes [exp (β): 26.48 (95% CI: 1.36-515.8)]. PEG was found to be a significant negative indicator of favorable (modified Rankin's scale score 0-2) functional outcome [exp (β): 0.032 (95% CI: 0.004-0.251)] but not of in-hospital mortality [exp (β): 1.731 (95% CI: 0.785-3.829)]. Nutritional and swallowing assessments were performed in approximately two-thirds of patients. Of the nutritional assessments 69% and 76% of dysphagia assessments were completed within the first 2 days. Tube feeding was performed in 39% of the patients. In 83.5% of them, tube was inserted in the first 2 days; 28% of the patients with feeding tube had PEG later. Conclusion: The NöroTek study provided the first reliable and large-scale data on key quality metrics of nutrition practice in acute stroke in Turkey. In terms of being economical and accurate it makes sense to use the point prevalence method.

Kamu sektöründe performans ölçümü ve yönetimi, 20. yüzyılın başında ABD’de personel ve örgüt düzeyinde girişilen uygulamalarla başlamış, zaman içinde kapsamı, örgütsel görünürlüğü, yöntem ve amaçları değişerek gelişme göstermiştir. Performans yönetiminin kamu kurumlarında yaygınlaşması ise 1980’lerden sonra yeni kamu işletmeciliği reformlarının gündeme gelmesiyle birlikte söz konusu olmuştur. Bu çalışmada, kamu sektöründe performans ölçümü ve yönetimine ilişkin politikalar, uygulamalar ve bu süreçte karşılaşılan sorunlar karşılaştırmalı bir perspektiften incelenmektedir. Ülke karşılaştırmalarından elde edilen bulgular, Türkiye’de kamu sektöründe performans yönetimine geçiş süreci, bu kapsamdaki politikalar ve uygulamalarla kıyaslanarak ampirik araştırmalara konu edilmesi gereken bazı önerilere ulaşılmaktadır. Çalışma, ayrıca, genel olarak kamu sektöründe performans yönetimi yazınının gelişme seyriyle ilgili de ipuçları sunmaktadır.

Dünyada ve ülkemizde ateşli silahlar nedeniyle ölüm oranı gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Tüm medikolegal ölümler göz önüne alındığında ateşli silah ile ölümler önemli bir oran oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmamızda ateşli silah ile meydana gelen ölüm olgularının genel özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve benzer çalışmalarla karşılaştırılma yapılması amaçlanmıştır. Elazığ’da Fırat Üniversitesi Hastanesi Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı’nda 2010-2012 yıllarında ölü muayenesi ve otopsisi yapılan 838 olgudan ateşli silah sonucu öldüğü tespit edilen 120 (%14.3) olgu retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bu olgular yaş, cinsiyet, orijin, kullanılan silah türü, atış mesafesi, giriş sayısı, yara lokalizasyonu, olay yeri ve olayın meydana geldiği zaman parametrelerine göre değerlendirildi. Olguların 102’si (%85) erkek 18’i (%15) kadın, en küçüğü 9, en büyüğü 86 yaşında olup yaş ortalaması 31.58±14.34’dir. Ölümlerin en sık 20-29 yaş grubunda (%45.8), mayıs ayında (%14.2) ve yaz mevsiminde (%30.8) olduğu görüldü. Orijin olarak en sık terör çatışması (%32.2) ve intihar (%32.2) görülürken bunu cinayet (%27.3) ve kaza sonucu ölüm izlemektedir. Olguların 81’inde (%66.1) tek giriş deliği olduğu ve ölümlerin en sık baş-boyun bölgesinden (%37.5) yaralanma sonucu oluştuğu görüldü. Ateşli silahlar ile ölümler; bölgemizde meydana gelen adli ölümlerin önemli bir kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Dünya ve Türkiye verileriyle karşılaştırıldığında terör ve sosyokültürel özellikler gibi bölgesel faktörlere bağlı farklılıklar görülmektedir. Ateşli silahlarla ölüm oranının azaltılması için ruhsatsız silah kullanımının önlenmesi, silah ruhsatı verilmeden önce tıbbı muayene ve ruhsat verme kriterlerine daha fazla dikkat edilmesi, ayrıca bu konularda toplumun eğitilmesi gerektiği kanısındayız. Anahtar kelimeler: Ateşli silah yaralanması, otopsi, intihar

Kimyasal asfiksi denilince akla ilk gelen karbonmonoksit (CO) zehirlenmeleri gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yaygın olarak görülmektedir. CO zehirlenmelerinin ülkemizde sık görülmesi, sosyal ve önlenebilir bir sağlık sorunu olması önemini bir kat daha arttırmaktadır. Çalışmamız Fırat Üniversitesi Hastanesi Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı tarafınca 2006-2012 yılları arasında otopsisi yapılan karbonmonoksit zehirlenmesine bağlı ölümlerin tamamını kapsamaktadır. Bu yıllar arasında otopsileri yapılan toplam 1964 adli olguya ait kayıtlar incelenmiş olup CO zehirlenmesi sonucu ölen 29 olgu yaş, cinsiyet, ay, orijin, ölüm süresi, CO kaynağı ve karboksihemoglobin (COHb) değerleri açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Bu 29 adli olgu Elazığ’da 7 yılda otopsisi yapılan 1964 adli olgunun %1.47 sini oluşturmaktadır. Olguların yaş ortalaması 31.5 ±19.5 olup 19' u (%65.5) erkektir. Tüm olguların %3.4' ünde orijin intihardır. Ölümlerin %31' i şubat ayında , %75.9' u evlerde, %79.3' ü olay anında gerçekleşmiştir. Olguların %41.4' ünde CO kaynağı olarak soba kömürü bulunmuştur. Olgularda tespit edilen ortalama COHb düzeyi %49.05 ±16.32'dir. Karbonmonoksit zehirlenmeleri genellikle önlenebilir kazalar sonucu meydana gelmesine rağmen hala toplumsal bir sağlık sorunu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu zehirlenmelerin önlenebilmesi için denetimlerin arttırılması, ısınma ve ısıtma aletlerinin, bacaların, kullanılan yakıtın ve havalandırma sisteminin standartlara uygun olması, hava durumuna göre halkın basın yayın organları aracılığıyla bilgilendirilmesi gerektiği kanaatindeyiz.

Erdem, ahlaki değerlere uygun olarak yaşamayı ve hareket etmeyi ifade eden, doğru ve etik davranışları içeren bir kavramdır. Erdem eğilimleri, bireyin kişisel gelişimini desteklerken aynı zamanda toplumda barışı sağlaması, toplumsal uyumun, güven ve refahın sürdürülmesine katkıda bulunması bakımından önemlidir. Bu makalenin amacı, ilahiyat eğitimi ile erdem eğilimleri arasındaki ilişkiyi ortaya koymak; cinsiyet, akademik başarı algısı, hayatının çoğunu geçirdiği yerleşim yeri ve mezun olunan lise türü değişkenleri açısından ilahiyat fakültesi öğrencilerinin erdem eğilimleri arasındaki ilişkinin önemli olup-olmadığını nicel olarak araştırmaktır. Araştırmanın evrenini, 2023-2024 eğitim-öğretim yılında Bayburt Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesinde öğrenim gören 1270 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırmaya evreni oluşturan öğrencilerden tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 240 ilahiyat fakültesi öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri, araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen Bireysel Bilgi Anketi ile İbrahim Demirci ve Halil Ekşi tarafından geliştirilmiş olan Kişisel Erdemler Ölçeği ile 2024 Mart ayında yüz yüze toplanmıştır. Verilerin istatistiksel işlemleri ise SPSS programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler neticesinde, cinsiyet, akademik başarı algısı ve hayatının çoğunu geçirdiği yerleşim yeri değişkenleri açısından ilahiyat fakültesi öğrencilerinin erdem eğilimleri arasında önemli bir ilişki olduğu ortaya çıkmasına karşılık; mezun olunan lise türü açısından önemli bir ilişki olmadığı sonucuna varılmıştır. İlahiyat literatüründe teorik olarak inceleme konusu yapılan “Erdem” kavramı ile ilgili, nicel yöntemler ile daha önce yapılmış herhangi bir araştırma yoktur. Alana orijinal katkısı bakımından bu makale, İlahiyat literatüründe Din Eğitimi Bilimi yaklaşımıyla “Erdem” kavramının nicel yöntem ile incelendiği yayınlanmış ilk çalışmadır.

Objective: Nutrition is essential in managing premature infants, as proper practices reduce morbidity and mortality risks. Pediatricians must be knowledgeable and effectively implement nutrition guidelines for premature infants both in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and post-discharge. This study aims to evaluate pediatricians' perspectives in Türkiye on the nutrition of premature infants. Methods: Conducted from August to September 2024, this cross-sectional study surveyed pediatricians across various Turkish provinces and hospitals about their views on premature infant nutrition. Following ethical approval, a questionnaire assessed their opinions on feeding practices in the NICU and after discharge. Results: Of the participating physicians, 72% worked in private hospitals, and 28% in state hospitals. Sixty-two percent had over three years of NICU experience, with all seeing at least 1-3 premature infants daily. Among respondents, 93% supported using breast milk fortifiers alongside breast milk for NICU patients, while 7% preferred exclusive breast milk. The main factor affecting adherence to NICU nutrition protocols was the ease of product availability. After discharge, 97% of physicians recommended formula for premature infants. Conclusion: Premature infant nutrition is vital for ensuring a healthy outcome and reducing complications. Although neonatologists primarily focus on this area, pediatricians' practices and knowledge are also significant. Our findings indicate that most pediatricians demonstrate appropriate knowledge and practices regarding premature infant nutrition.

In this study, we investigate three types of q-deformed boson oscillators, focusing on their mathematical frameworks and thermodynamic properties. We calculate key thermodynamic quantities, such as internal energy and entropy, as functions of the deformation parameter q. Our results reveal that these oscillators are eigenstates of specific deformed boson annihilation operators. We also analyze their unique characteristics and implications in deformed quantum optics. Furthermore, we examine the impact of q-deformation on qutrit logic gates, including cycle, self-shift, controlled cycle, controlled self-shift, Feynman, ternary Toffoli, and Fredkin gates, highlighting their altered computational properties. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of q-deformed systems and their applications in quantum computing. Overall, it opens new avenues for exploring the interplay between deformation parameters and quantum information processing.

Bisphosphonates are widely used to treat several clinical conditions. Zoledronic acid is one of these classes, commonly used for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, hypercalcemia of malignancy, Paget’s disease, and multiple myeloma. Side effects associated with zoledronic acid include fever, fatigue, arthralgia, myalgia, nausea, and bone pain. Liver damage caused by bisphosphonate is rare. No cases of acute pancreatitis have been described in the literature. We describe a 74-year-old woman who presented with features of acute pancreatitis 3 days following the first dose of intravenous zoledronic acid infusion administered to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis. Supportive treatment was given for 5 days. She was discharged without any problems.

In this article, a high-gain two-stage boost converter with improved control is proposed. In order the increase the regulation quality and power density a common control strategy introduced. In the proposed control method, each boost stage is controlled by the same controller. This method provides easy control and low cost and allows the use of lower voltage capacitors at the output of first boost stage. The converter is designed in two stages to increase from 12 VDC input voltage to 42 VDC and 150 VDC. Detailed theoretical analysis of the proposed converter is carried out and validated with a prototype having 100 W output power. Using the results obtained from the application circuit, the proposed boost converter with improved control is compared with the conventional two-stage boost converter operated under the same conditions.

Background: Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is a rare systemic inflammatory disease characterized by fever, rash, arthritis, and multi-organ involvement. Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), a serious complication of AOSD, poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Case Presentation: A 32-year-old male was diagnosed with AOSD in 2020 after being hospitalized for a fever of unknown origin and elevated liver enzymes. The patient was initially treated with corticosteroids and methotrexate but subsequently discontinued both treatment and follow-up. In September 2023, he presented with fever, sore throat, and elevated inflammatory markers. After screening for infections, methylprednisolone (MP) treatment was initiated because of AOSD activation. The following day, the patient was admitted to the intensive care unit due to an altered state of consciousness. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed brainstem involvement. Empirical treatments were initiated, including intravenous MP, and immunoglobulin therapy. Due to suspected macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), anakinra (ANA) infusion was initiated. Significant improvement was observed after the ANA infusion. Conclusion: This case highlights the complex management of severe AOSD complications, emphasizing the role of early recognition, aggressive therapy, and multidisciplinary care in improving outcomes.

In this transformative study, machine learning (ML) and t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t‐SNE) are employed to interpret intricate patterns in colorimetric images of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP)‐treated water. The focus is on CAP's therapeutic potential, particularly its ability to generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) that play a crucial role in antimicrobial activity. RGB, HSV, LAB, YCrCb, and grayscale color spaces are extracted from the colorimetric expression of oxidative stress induced by RONS, and these features are used for unsupervised ML, employing density‐based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN). The DBSCAN model's performance is evaluated using homogeneity, completeness, and adjusted rand index with a predictive data distribution graph. The best results are achieved with 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine–potassium iodide colorimetric assay solution immediately after plasma treatment, with values of 0.894, 0.996, and 0.826. t‐SNE is further conducted for the best‐case scenario to evaluate the clustering efficacy and find the best combination of features to better present the results. Correspondingly, t‐SNE enhances clustering efficacy and adeptly handles challenging points. The approach pioneers dynamic and comprehensive solutions, showcasing ML's precision and t‐SNE's transformative visualization. Through this innovative fusion, complex relationships are unraveled, marking a paradigm shift in biomedical analytical methodologies.

Introduction: The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of acute toxoplasmosis in pregnant patients who are monitored in our hospital and to provide insight into screening and management options by assessing maternal and fetal outcomes.Methods: Pregnants between the ages of 18-49, who were followed up in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Polyclinic/Clinic and Infectious Diseases Polyclinic/Clinic of a Training and Research Hospital between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2021, were included in this study. T. gondii IgM, IgG and avidity tests which were performed for pregnant women were evaluated retrospectively.Results: The study consisted of 7480 pregnants. Three hundred eighty-six (%5.16) of the pregnant women tested positive. Anti-T. gondii IgM seropositivity was found to be most common in the 18-28 age group (7.82%), and this frequency gradually decreased as age progressed. Two of the 122 patients whose polymerase chain reaction for T. gondii was examined from amniotic fluid at the outer center had congenital toxoplasmosis, and these pregnancies were terminated.Conclusions: Pregnant women continue to have a considerable risk of developing acute toxoplasmosis. For this infestation, which still remains on the agenda as a public health problem, every individual who is planning a pregnancy and has not had a serological test before should be screened before pregnancy. Pregnant women should continue to be informed and educated about this parasite, in our opinion.