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In this paper we investigate the effects of a Keynesian policy in tourists destinations where tourism products are mainly sold through «direct sales» (decentralized solution) and the tourism market equilibrium is characterized by sticky prices and unemployment (coordination failure). A Keynesian demand policy is a Pareto improving solution with respect to the organization of sales by Tour operators or Destination managers (centralized solution), since tourism firms are not worse-off in terms of profits and there is an increase of tourism production as well as of employment. Furthermore, we study the effects of the tourism tax on the Rimini district, an ideal case study to evaluate the implementation of the Italian tourism tax as a Keynesian policy for tourism.

This paper aims at analysing and evaluating features and dimensions of the flow of tourism as characterised in Italy in the last decade. This research is based on a time series analysis of intra- annual ISTAT data, related to national and international types of tourism. The main variables traditionally used in literature in order to analyse the incoming flow of tourism are arrivals, overnight stays and average stays. Through a joint and over-time analysis of these variables, we verify whether their behaviour is basically regular and, possibly, is evolving. The approach analyses the behaviour of the flow of tourism in order to demonstrate the existence of potential cyclical fluctuations and evolving long-term trends. Moreover, seasonal factors are isolated. To define the nature of this flow of tourism, the fluctuations of GDP are compared to the behaviour of the examined tourism variables.

The choice of centralizing tourism policies at the national level or, on the contrary, of decentralizing them at the local level is widely discussed in the literature, which highlights the related pros and cons. In fact, the simultaneous role of originator and attractor of tourism of each spatial unit may imply a range of complex and competing interests at various geographical scales. At any one time, organizations at the national, regional and local level are actively engaged in promoting tourism destinations in order to attract tourists. Nevertheless, potential competition/complementarity between regions in terms of their attractivity factors may imply a range of complex and competing interests at various geographical scales. In particular, in a framework of regional competition, a central (national) policy may be necessary to offset or coordinate the clashing regional interests. An increasingly important force of attraction for tourists (both domestic and international) is cultural tourism. For this reason, national and regional governments make great efforts to implement effective cultural tourism policies, for example to obtain an official certification for their historical/cultural attractions, like UNESCO?s World Heritage Sites (WHS) list. The WHS endowment of the regions surrounding a tourism destination may have a negative effect on its inflows of tourists (Patuelli et al. in J Geogr Syst 15:369?402, 2013). Indeed, tourists consider, in forming their travelling choices, the WHS endowment of alternative destinations, generating a phenomenon of spatial substitution (competition). This paper focuses on the choice between implementing tourism governance and policymaking at the central (national) or at the local (regional) level. The issue is raised by the following problem: (1) regional endowment (i.e., attractivity factors) may positively influence arrivals to tourism destinations, providing a justification for local policies (e.g., lobbying towards the national government for obtaining UNESCO?s WHS designations); (2) however, regional competition may reduce the positive direct effect, so that it may be necessary the intervention of the central (national) policy maker, to ?compensate? or ?correct? the local (regional) policies. The issue concerns the choice of how managing regional spillovers: regions could use their attractivity factors to gain a competitive advantage over other regions, but at the same time they risk damaging the national interest to attract tourists and increase the international market share. It is therefore critical to correctly balance and coordinate the tourism policies between the national and regional levels in order to effectively manage the regional endowment to cater to the cultural tourism demand. We stress that more profound insights into the problems and challenges of (de)centralized tourism policies can be gained by examining the national-regional choice, and in particular by using as a modelling framework, the ?normative? spatial interaction model.

In this paper we investigate the effects of a Keynesian policy in tourists destinations where tourism products are mainly sold through «direct sales» (decentralized solution) and the tourism market equilibrium is characterized by sticky prices and unemployment (coordination failure). A Keynesian demand policy is a Pareto improving solution with respect to the organization of sales by Tour operators or Destination managers (centralized solution), since tourism firms are not worse-off in terms of profits and there is an increase of tourism production as well as of employment. Furthermore, we study the effects of the tourism tax on the Rimini district, an ideal case study to evaluate the implementation of the Italian tourism tax as a Keynesian policy for tourism.

Questo saggio si pone l’obiettivo di esaminare se esista o meno uno specifico modello di governance della sanità – il principale sistema di welfare gestito in Italia a livello regionale – che meglio consenta di raggiungere gli obiettivi di efficienza, qualità, equità, efficacia e sostenibilità finanziaria e sociale. Oggetto di analisi sono i principali modelli di governance che storicamente si sono sviluppati nel campo della sanità. Il sistema sanitario italiano, dopo le riforme degli anni ‘90, si è caratterizzato per un’introduzione degli elementi della logica del quasi-mercato molto diversificata da parte delle diverse regioni. Si sono così sviluppati almeno quattro diversi modelli di governance regionale della sanità: modello a centralità Asl, modello a completa separazione acquirente-produttore, modello a centralità regionale, modello di transizione. I due modelli di governance più maturi appaiono quello a centralità Asl (es. Emilia Romagna) e quello a completa separazione acquirente/produttore (Lombardia), entrambi con punti di forza e di debolezza. Si evidenzia inoltre il ruolo positivo che può essere svolto dalla mobilità inter-regionale nell’incentivare le regioni a migliorare la qualità dei propri sistemi sanitari. A prescindere dai modelli di governo regionale, il buon funzionamento della logica di quasi-mercato necessita del governo sia dell’offerta di servizi sanitari (pianificazione di strutture, servizi e produzione in base ai bisogni dei residenti, vincoli di bilancio, indicatori, livelli essenziali di assistenza) sia della domanda (orientare la domanda verso forme appropriate di assistenza, con un ruolo attivo svolto dal medico di medicina generale).

The authors solve a linear problem where a potential conflict between two agents (Destination manager and Firm) arises in a tourism destination. Destination manager has to choose how to allocate limited resources (capital and land) between either second homes or hotels. This conflict stems from the assumption of agents who have different linear preferences with respect to the allocation of limited resources. As a solution to this policy problem the authors consider three different policies: no intervention (laissez faire), taxation and temporary de-taxation policy. Comparing these different policies, the authors show that a compromise solution (internal solution), which results from the de-taxation policy, may be preferred by both agents over the clash of interests outcomes (corner solutions). Thus, the authors show that in a framework of conflict between agents a compromise solution may be preferable to both the absence of public intervention and the imposition of a tax by a public policy maker who has the discretionary power to regulate conflicts.

This contribution analyzes the perceptions of professional operators and the economic and organizational impact resulting from the introduction of the Artist’s Resale Right in the Italian Art Market. The analysis discusses the results of a large survey (carried out by means of a questionnaire) focused on the most important Italian art auction houses and art galleries. For comparative reasons, the questionnaire has been also submitted to prominent European auction houses. The results of the questionnaire have been analyzed by adopting a “conventional Delphi” methodology.

Dopo quattro anni di applicazione, la valutazione dell’impatto del Diritto di seguito (DDS) sul mercato dell’arte risulta alquanto difficoltosa. Si potrebbe ritenere che una valutazione quantitativa possa dirimere la questione, chiarendo gli effetti concreti del DDS. Tuttavia, una stima oggettiva risulta quanto mai complicata a causa sia della difficoltà esistente nell’individuare e isolare l’autonomo andamento del mercato dagli effetti esercitati dal DDS, sia del regime ancora transitorio (e quindi suscettibile di modifiche) del DDS a livello comunitario. Pertanto in questo lavoro si è ritenuto più utile identificare in primis le percezioni degli operatori professionali, italiani e internazionali riguardo la giustificazione e l’impatto del DDS. Tali risultati pur avendo natura, in linea di principio, qualitativa e soggettiva permettono tuttavia di comprendere il modo in cui il DDS è stato accolto nel mercato dell’arte italiano e consentono di valutare l’impatto che i dealer professionali hanno percepito sulle compravendite di opere d’arte visiva.

L’ultima enciclica di Papa Benedetto XVI, “Caritas in veritate”, pone con forza l’urgenza e la necessità di recuperare la dimensione relazionale e di applicare il principio di fraternità a tutti gli ambiti sociali, non solo alla società civile ma anche allo Stato e alla politica, all’economia e al lavoro. Il lavoro diviene così un bene intimamente relazionale, finalizzato alla santificazione del lavoro stesso, di se stessi e degli altri, e non alla ricchezza o al successo in sé. Si tratta di un nuovo ethos del lavoro, in cui esso non è più concepito in modo utilitaristico e funzionale alla sola autorealizzazione, bensì vissuto come ambito di intima propensione alla socialità e aperto ai significati ultimi della vita. In questo senso il lavoro non è più fonte di possibile alienazione, bensì occasione di relazioni di reciproca valorizzazione, in uno spirito di gratuità e reciprocità, cooperazione e condivisione, dunque una possibile strada per perseguire il «vero sviluppo» della persona, della società e dell’umanità intera.

Tourism plays an important role in the economies of many Mediterranean countries, since it is a crucial driver of economic growth, job creation, and income. For this reason many countries set up a wide variety of programs and policies to support the development of this economic sector. It is therefore very important, for scholars and policy makers, explaining and forecasting tourism demand. Using air passenger flows as proxy variables for tourist arrivals, we set up some VAR model specifications in order to investigate the monthly time series 2003-2008 of arrivals to the most important Italian islands, Sardinia and Sicily. Our results show a significant inter-temporal relationship among tourism flows. Furthermore, our findings reveal that both meteorological variables (atmospheric temperatures and raining days) and exchange rates (Dollar-to-Euro and Yen-to-Euro) can improve the explanatory and forecasting power of VAR models., Almatourism - Journal of Tourism, Culture and Territorial Development; Vol 1, No 2 (2010); 16-28

Most measures and indexes of industrial agglomeration, concentration and specialization are variations of the Gini's index and may be limited in scope and structure. Rarely, if ever, they include any reference to territorial dimensions and tend to be measures of volumes adjusted for the task at end. They do not embody any information relative to the industrial density and size of the analyzed regions. Alternatively some authors use just density as a measure of agglomeration ignoring the related dimensionalities of volume and territorial size. These shortcomings may bring about both di¢ culties in interpreting results and distorted pictures about the actual industrial regional structure of an area. Regional dimensionality is particularly relevant for researchers focusing on analytical aspects connected with agglomeration and concentration. The present paper introduces measures of agglomeration, concentration and specialization encompassing information about volume, den- sity and region dimensionality. Such an index is built on simple heuristic notion of industrial mass and would provide a more reliable, accurate and fexible instrument than previous measures. JEL Classifcation: C22, C32, C50, E24, E32, J63.

Sintesi: Questo lavoro sintetizza la ricerca svolta sul ruolo della ricerca e sviluppo (R&S) nello sviluppo economico di un territorio. Nella prima parte viene presentata una rassegna delle definizioni, dei modelli principali e degli approcci teorici. Nella seconda parte, viene svolta un'estesa analisi dei dati statistica in base agli indicatori di performance di R&S in Italia ed a livello internazionale. Abstract: This paper summarises a research on the role of research and development (R&D) in economic development of a territory. First, definitions, main models and theories are reviewed, then an extensive data analysis is provided based on Italian and international indicators related to R&D performances. JEL Classification: R11, D85, O18, O38, R58

Obiettivo è quello di analizzare quali sono gli strumenti economici e contrattuali che il turista ha a sua disposizione per far fronte ad una tipologia di “danno da vacanza rovinata” consistente nel non aver potuto godere della vacanza stessa per cause non dipendenti dalla volontà delle parti, con la conseguente perdita del costo sostenuto per l’acquisto. L’approccio utilizzato è quello dell’analisi economica e della teoria dei contratti: si analizza da un punto di vista economico il problema, si valuta come poterlo affrontare e quali sono le possibili azioni da adottare nel caso in cui si verifichi tale danno da vacanza rovinata, con particolare riferimento al contratto di assicurazione sul costo del viaggio.

Il saggio analizza l'evoluzione del prodotto turistico nel caso riminese del secondo dopoguerra

Questo articolo analizza le caratteristiche e le dimensioni dei flussi turistici di una destinazione turistica come l’Italia. La ricerca è basata sull’analisi delle serie storiche mensili dei dati ISTAT relativi al turismo nazionale ed internazionale. Le principali variabili statistiche usate in letteratura per analizzare i flussi turistici di una destinazione sono le presenze, gli arrivi e la permanenza media. Attraverso l’analisi congiunta e comparata di queste variabili nel periodo di tempo 1990-2005 vogliamo studiare l’andamento e l’evoluzione dei flussi turistici nel tempo. L’approccio di scomposizione delle serie storiche che seguiamo in questo lavoro ha lo scopo di individuare l’esistenza di un trend e di un ciclo, nonché di isolare i fattori stagionali. Inoltre, per definire la natura strutturale o congiunturale di questi flussi turistici, compariamo le fluttuazioni trimestrali del PIL italiano con le serie storiche delle presenze, degli arrivi e della permanenza media dei turisti italiani. This paper aims at analysing and evaluating features and dimensions of the flow of tourism as characterised in Italy in the last decade. This research is based on a time series analysis of intra- annual ISTAT data, related to national and international types of tourism. The main variables traditionally used in literature in order to analyse the incoming flow of tourism are arrivals, overnight stays and average stays. Through a joint and over-time analysis of these variables, we verify whether their behaviour is basically regular and, possibly, is evolving. The approach analyses the behaviour of the flow of tourism in order to demonstrate the existence of potential cyclical fluctuations and evolving long-term trends. Moreover, seasonal factors are isolated. To define the nature of this flow of tourism, the fluctuations of GDP are compared to the behaviour of the examined tourism variables.

Nelle pagine del volume si alterneranno capitoli “accademici”, i cui contenuti contribuiscono al dibattito scientifico su tematiche care al prof. Matacena, con testimonianze “amicali”, che raccontano dell’attenzione per gli studenti e dell’energia comunicativa di Antonio Matacena. Energia che spesso si traduce in ironia e provocazione, mai banale, ma sempre volta a “catturare” l’attenzione e a disorientare quel tanto basta per insinuare il dubbio della conoscenza.

In the framework of a vertically differentiated mixed duopoly, with uncovered market and costless quality choice, we study the existence of a price equilibrium when a welfare-maximizing public firm producing low quality goods competes against a profit-maximizing private firm producing high quality goods. We show that a price equilibrium exists if the quality spectrum is wide enough vis à vis a measure of the convexity of the distribution of the consumers' willingness to pay, and that such equilibrium is unique if this sufficient condition is tightened. Log-concavity of the income distribution is inconsistent with the existence of equilibrium.

In this paper the authors investigate the effect of a Keynesian policy in tourism destinations where tourism products are mainly sold through ‘direct sales' (decentralized solution) and the tourism market equilibrium is characterized by sticky prices and unemployment (coordination failure); thus the conditions for a Keynesian demand policy are verified. This policy is a Pareto improving solution with respect to the organization of sales by tour operators or destination managers (centralized solution), since tourism firms are not worse-off in terms of profits and there is an increase of tourism production as well as of employment.