Search

Interweaving ecocriticism, settler-colonial studies, and Indigenous studies, this essay interrogates the concepts of climate change and the apocalypse, repositioning them alongside Indigenous experiences of broken kinship relationships. Focusing on the Canadian Indigenous context, first, I discuss the settler-colonial implications of environmental apocalypse, arguing that Indigenous peoples are already living in a post-apocalyptic condition. Secondly, I explore the Indian Residential School policy as an example of how settler-colonialism contributed to creating the post-apocalyptic situation with which Indigenous peoples live today. Thirdly, through analysis of Lee Maracle’s “The Void” and Daniel H. Justice’s “The Boys Who Became the Hummingbirds”, I discuss how both stories employ imagination to place environmental disasters in conversation with settler-colonial practices, thus re-shaping understandings of the past, present, and future. Ultimately, both stories, as I argue, promote Indigenous traditional knowledge systems and kinship values as a way to maintain respectful and reciprocal kinship relationships among humans and between humans and the land., Between, V. 12 N. 24 (2022): Entrare nel mondo dei simulacri. Fenomenologie estetiche e culturali fra letteratura, media e arti

“Memory is a weapon. Only a long rain will clean away these tears” (1) is the epigraph of the introduction of Yvette Hutchison’s book, South African Performance and Archives of Memory, an insightful contribution to the understanding of memory and the process of negotiating it in contemporary South Africa. In No Future Without Forgiveness, Archbishop Desmond Tutu in fact highlights the importance of the past and the process of remembering it in a country like South Africa: “The past, far from ...

The Mediterranean-style diet is rich in fruit and vegetables and has a great impact on the prevention of major chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In this work we investigated the ability of spinach extracts obtained by different extraction methods and of the single main components of the phytocomplex, alone or mixed, to modulate proliferation, antioxidant defense, and genotoxicity of HT29 human colorectal cells. Spinach extracts show dose-dependent activity, increasing the level of intracellular endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) when tested at higher doses. In the presence of oxidative stress, the activity is related to the oxidizing agent involved (H2O2 or menadione) and by the extraction method. The single components of the phytocomplex, alone or mixed, do not alter the intracellular endogenous level of ROS but again, in the presence of an oxidative insult, the modulation of antioxidant defense depends on the oxidizing agent used. The application of the phytocomplex extracts seem to be more effective than the application of the single phytocomplex components.

Starring from an overview relating to the crucial role and ethical agenda of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, this paper proceeds to investigate the narrative and representational strategies through which, in The Cry of Winnie Mandela (2003), South African writer and academic Njabulo Ndebele turns away from the "spectacular" towards a more nuanced and introspective dimension. While inspired by the TRC's hearings concerning gross violations of hu­man rights, this dimension foregrounds (black) women's endurance, suffering, and psychological distress. My essay highlights the lyrical intensity and open-minded approach informing Ndebele's portrayal of Winnie Mandela and the imaginary conversations that the (fictionalized) "Mother of the Nation" holds with other four women, whose historical models are similarly linked to the TRC's hearings. The theme of the "women-in-waiting" (for their husbands' return, but also for their voices to be heard) is examined in connection with the archetypal figure of Penelope, a West­ern myth which Ndebele borrows and moulds in African terms.

Alla luce dei copiosi flussi migratori per via marittima che interessano il Mar Mediterraneo, la presente tesi di dottorato mira ad analizzare il ruolo dell’Italia nello sviluppo progressivo di una normativa internazionale in materia di immigrazione via mare. L’elaborato si prefigge di esaminare, da un lato, l’approccio dell’Italia nella fase di elaborazione e di adozione dei differenti strumenti giuridici internazionali che, allo stato, regolamentano il fenomeno; dall’altro, di analizzare la recente prassi italiana al fine di valutarne la conformità rispetto agli obblighi sovranazionali, nonché il possibile impatto sull’elaborazione di una normativa internazionale in materia. Posto che la fase di transito avviene in mare, la tesi esamina in via preliminare gli istituti previsti dal diritto del mare, come codificato nella Convenzione delle Nazioni Unite sul diritto del mare, che rilevano nelle differenti zone marittime. La presente analisi muove dalla considerazione che il fenomeno migratorio per via marittima richiede di essere affrontato rispetto a un duplice ordine di esigenze inscindibilmente connesse. Esse riguardano, da un lato, le misure di contrasto e di controllo che gli Stati possono adottare per eventualmente prevenirlo e fronteggiarlo; dall’altro, quelle relative alla salvaguardia della vita in mare e al rispetto dei diritti fondamentali dei migranti. Sul piano sostanziale la ricerca ruota, dunque, attorno a due differenti poli. Un primo polo è costituito dall’esame del contributo italiano all’elaborazione e all’adozione dell’unico strumento a portata universale in materia di contrasto al traffico di migranti via mare, il Protocollo alla Convenzione contro il crimine transnazionale organizzato relativo al traffico di migranti per via terrestre, aerea e marittima. In un’ottica di tutela dei diritti fondamentali dei migranti, il secondo polo di indagine verte, invece, sull’obbligo di prestare soccorso e di salvaguardare la vita umana in mare, che, oltre ad avere carattere consuetudinario, costituisce oggetto di specifiche convenzioni. Nello specifico, l’elaborato esamina in dettaglio le modalità attraverso le quali viene data attuazione alla Convenzione internazionale sulla ricerca e il soccorso in mare nel Mar Mediterraneo. In seguito, posto che il fenomeno migratorio via mare diretto verso l’Italia ha assunto, altresì, un ruolo centrale a livello europeo, la presente tesi esamina i rapporti internazionali aventi quali attori principali l’Italia e l’Unione europea. Dapprima, si intende analizzare le più significative iniziative intraprese in seno all’Unione europea per far fronte ai flussi migratori per via marittima diretti verso le coste meridionali dell’Europa. In secondo luogo, su un piano di carattere eminentemente pratico, dopo aver ripercorso le origini e ricostruito l’assetto istituzionale e operativo dell’Agenzia europea per la gestione della cooperazione internazionale alle frontiere esterne degli Stati membri dell'Unione europea (Frontex), l’attenzione è posta sull’attuale sistema della Guardia di frontiera e costiera europea, recentemente istituito attraverso l’adozione del regolamento n. 2016/1624. Infine, l’elaborato esamina l’approccio militarista adottato dall’Unione europea nel Mar Mediterraneo per contrastare i fenomeni di smuggling e trafficking provenienti dalla Libia, al fine di valutarne la compatibilità rispetto agli standard internazionali di tutela dei diritti umani dei migranti. Da ultimo, su di un piano strettamente nazionale, lo scritto analizza la più recente giurisprudenza e la prassi italiana in materia di immigrazione irregolare via mare, sia per quanto concerne la prevenzione e la repressione del connesso fenomeno di smuggling sia per quanto attiene lo svolgimento di operazioni a carattere nazionale finalizzate a condurre attività di soccorso in mare. In light of conspicuous flows of migrants by sea through the Mediterranean Sea, the present doctoral thesis aims at analyzing the role of Italy in the progressive development of an international framework on migration by sea. Leaving aside historical and social considerations, the thesis aims, first, at assessing the approach developed by Italy during the adoption of the relevant applicable international legal instruments. Secondly, it intends to reconstruct the relevant Italian practice in order to assess whether or not it complies with international legal obligations and its possible impact on the elaboration of an ad hoc international regulation. Preliminary, this doctoral thesis provides an overview of the most relevant provisions on jurisdiction over maritime zones (internal waters, territorial waters, contiguous zone, high seas) and on related coercive powers as set out by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. From the substantial point of view, the present work starts from the assumption that migration by sea constitutes a phenomenon that needs to be dealt with on two intertwined levels. The first, is the control measures which might be implemented by destination States in order to prevent and face this irregular phenomenon. The second, is those concerning the safety of life at sea and the respect of the fundamental rights of migrants. Against this background, on the one side, it aims at assessing the Italian contribution to the adoption of the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, Supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, the only international legal instrument addressing migrant smuggling by sea. On the other side, it focuses on safeguard of life at sea, which, besides being a long-established rule of customary law, has found wide recognition in positive international law, as witnessed by several treaties and related instruments. Particular emphasis is placed on the actual degree of implementation of the International Convention on Search and Rescue at Sea in the Mediterranean Basin. Since irregular migration at sea towards Italy plays a key role also in the debate at the European level, the present analysis also investigates the most significant initiatives recently taken within the EU to cope with irregular flows of migrants hailing to the Southern coasts of Europe. Furthermore, at an operational level, after briefly documenting the origins, remit and practices of the European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders of the European Union (Frontex), attention is paid to the new system of the European Border and Coast Guard, recently established through the adoption of Regulation No. 2016/1624. In addition, it assess the naval operation of the European Union launched in 2015 (EUNAVFOR MED) with the aim of disrupting the business model of human smuggling and trafficking networks in the Southern Central Mediterranean in light of the international obligations to protect the fundamental rights of migrants. Finally, on a national level, attention is paid to the recent case law developed by the Italian courts and to the relevant practice on migration by sea, both in terms of prevention and suppression of smuggling and protection of fundamental rights of migrants.

2D gel electrophoresis images of fruit proteins from A) Aragon, and B) Gladis. (PDF 973Â kb)

Representation of the differentially Differentially abundant fruit proteins involved in the “Biotic Stress” response MapMan pathway. (PDF 578 kb)

Three-ways ANOVA for As and Si concentrations in fruits of tomato cultivars Aragon and Gladis. Table S4. MapMan BIN assignation of the differentially abundant fruit proteins in (A) cv. Aragon, (B) cv. Gladis. Table S5. Description of the differentially abundant fruit proteins in (A) cv. Aragon, (B) cv. Gladis. (DOCX 90Â kb)

Scatter plot of detected spots on 2D gel: a) Aragon, and b) Gladis. (PDF 536Â kb)

Heat map of the differentially abundant proteins present in A) Aragon, B) Gladis. (PDF 737Â kb)

Representation of the dDifferentially abundant fruit proteins in Gladis involved in the “Ubiquitin Dependent Degradation” MapMan. (PDF 444 kb)

This chapter explores the role of regulation for the promotion of ecological sustainability, within the context of a reappraisal of the sustainable development concept. In the Brundtland definition, where sustainable development is the kind of development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. The correct regulation for the promotion of ecological sustainability should be premised on a change of perspective from at least three points of view: the methodological perspective, the temporal perspective and the substantial perspective. Ecological problems can hardly be tackled within the traditional legal structures and disciplinary perspectives. Therefore, a correct approach to sustainability needs to overcome the disciplinary barriers towards a holistic and comprehensive vision. A new regulatory approach for the promotion of ecological sustainability needs a shift from a short-term to a medium - long-term perspective. There are three main forms of economic instruments: taxes and charges, subsidies and tradable emission rights.