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Abstract Background Anthrax is the most prioritized zoonotic disease in Kazakhstan due to its threatening potential to the public health and agricultural sector. Sporadic anthrax outbreaks are being reported annually among human and livestock populations throughout the country, with the highest frequency occurring in West Kazakhstan. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted using a survey‐based face‐to‐face interview. From January to May 2022, 489 randomly selected participants were surveyed in 6 districts of the Baiterek province in West Kazakhstan oblast to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding anthrax among community members. This is the first KAP study conducted relating to outbreaks of anthrax in Kazakhstan. Results In this study, most participants (74%) surveyed were males, and 40% of respondents had a secondary level education. Overall, 91% of the community respondents were engaged in agriculture and livestock rearing. Among these community members, cattle rearing was the most common (67%) occupation compared to other livestock species. Additionally, over a 50% of the population studied had no knowledge about the zoonotic nature of the disease, and about 82% and 87% of respondents were unaware of any animal and human anthrax symptoms, respectively. About 70% of the respondents were interested in vaccinating their livestock against anthrax. Individuals aged 45–54 displayed notably higher animal vaccination rates (45%; 95% CI: 38.4–52.0; p

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic triggered global health crises, affecting population health directly through infections and fatalities, and indirectly by increasing the burden of chronic diseases due to disrupted healthcare access and altered lifestyle behaviors. Amidst these challenges, concerns regarding reproductive health and fertility rates have emerged, necessitating an understanding of their implications for policymaking and healthcare planning. Furthermore, Kazakhstan’s healthcare landscape underwent significant changes with the reintroduction of compulsory social health insurance system in January 2020, coinciding with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and compulsory social health insurance system on fertility rates in Kazakhstan by examining live birth data from 2019 to 2024.MethodsUsing Interrupted Time Series analysis, we evaluated the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown announcement and compulsory social health insurance system implementation on monthly birth rates, adjusted for the number of women of reproductive age from January 2019 to December 2023.ResultsIn the final model, the coefficients were as follows: the effect of the COVID-19 lockdown was estimated at 469 (SE = 2600, p = 0.8576); the centering variable was estimated at 318 (SE = 222, p = 0.1573), suggesting no significant trend in monthly birth rates over time; the insurance effect was estimated at 7,050 (SE = 2,530, p < 0.01); and the effect of the number of women of reproductive age was estimated at -0.204 (SE = 0.0831, p = 0.01).DiscussionThe implementation of the compulsory social health insurance system, rather than the announcement of the COVID-19 lockdown, has had a significant positive impact on live birth rates in Kazakhstan. However, despite governmental efforts, live birth rates are declining, potentially due to unaddressed health needs of fertile women and economic challenges. Urgent policy-level actions are needed to address gaps in healthcare services and promote reproductive health.

In 2012–2021, 2,030 outbreaks of acute infectious animal diseases were registered in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Among all the diseases blackleg accounted for 20.7% (421 outbreaks), which suggests that the nosological unit is of high epizootological significance among other infectious animal diseases in the country. Analysis of the blackleg outbreaks registered over the recent 10years demonstrates asignificant annual growth in the number of outbreaks (from19 to 81outbreaks) in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the disease persistence in the territory. Within the mentioned period, the average number of blackleg-infected animals per one outbreak ranged between1 and 3 animals, which proves that blackleg is anon-contagious disease. The research indicates that blackleg is a seasonal disease in the Republic of Kazakhstan with an incidence rise in autumn. The data analysis for 2012–2022 did not reveal any regular blackleg epizooties. The epizootological zoning made it possible to conclude that the blackleg situation in 6 Oblasts (which account for42.8% of the total territory) was rather tense; in 5 Oblasts (35.7% of the country’s territory) the epizootic situation was less tense and the remaining 3 Oblasts (21.5%) are disease-free. Therefore, blackleg zoning in the Republic makes it possible to use a differential approach to planning preventive veterinary and control measures, depending on the intensity of the epizootic situation. The research results will help to improve the system of blackleg surveillance, to predict the disease spread in animals and can be used to develop anti-epizootic measures.

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of two mineral–vitamin premixes on the health status (blood biochemical parameters), milk yield and composition of Holstein–Friesian (HF) cows in Kazakhstan. The study was performed on Holstein–Friesian cows kept on the Bek Plus dairy farm in the village of Korzhynkol, Fyodorovsky District, Kostanay Region. Forty primiparous cows, selected from the herd, were divided by the analogue method into two groups: a control group (C) and an experimental group (E) of 20 animals each. The diets fed to group E cows were supplemented with LI-R 18 PRO and PANTO® Mineral R-77 Premium mineral–vitamin premixes. The premixes positively affected cow productivity and blood biochemical parameters, whose values were higher in group E than in group C. Higher levels of glucose, albumins and globulins exerted a beneficial influence on the health status of cows. No cases of lameness or metabolic diseases were recorded in group E. The yields of milk, protein and fat were higher in group E than in group C. Dietary supplementation with two premixes had no significant effect on the chemical composition of milk, including the values of the following parameters: somatic cell count (SCC), dry matter (DM), lactose (Lse), casein (Cin), acidity (Aty), lactic acid (LA), density (Dty), free fatty acids (FFAs), glucose (Gse) and urea (Uea).

The research relevance is predefined by the air travel number growth. Accordingly, the relevance of this issue is increasing, especially concerning air travel safety. Also, due to the increasing demand for international flights, it becomes essential to harmonize the standards and methodology of training aviation personnel. The research aims to consider the parameters of flight safety and the impact of the unification of training programs for aviation personnel. The conclusion that unification can significantly affect safety was made with the help of scientific and special methods, including analysis, synthesis, concretization, and generalization. An analysis of existing unification methods was conducted. The multi-crew pilot training program proved to be one of the most advanced compared to standard flight crew training programs. The method was determined to be a specialized training program tailored to the needs of the aviation industry and focused on training pilots for multi-crew and jet operations. The program is more challenging, intensive and dynamic, and includes a significant amount of simulator training. Traditional flight training programs, such as Private Pilot Licenses (PPL), Commercial Pilot Licenses (CPL), instrument qualification, and multi-engine rating, have a broader scope and provide pilots with more career opportunities. Simulator training has been identified as a critical component of many flight training programs and plays a vital role in flight safety. The study may be of interest to a range of readers concerned with the issue of standardizing aviation training and improving safety in aviation, including researchers, faculty, and students of higher education institutions in the aviation field.

The accident at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP) in Ukraine in 1986 became one of the largest technological disasters in human history. During the accident cleanup, a special protective structure called the Shelter Object was built to isolate the destroyed reactor from the environment. However, the planned operational lifespan of the Shelter Object was only 30 years. Therefore, with the assistance of the international community, a new protective structure called the New Safe Confinement (NSC) was constructed and put into operation in 2019. The NSC is a large and complex system that relies on a significant number of various tools and subsystems to function. Due to temperature fluctuations and the influence of wind, hydraulic processes occur within the NSC, which can lead to the release of radioactive aerosols into the environment. The personnel of the NSC prevents these leaks, including through ventilation management. Considering the long planned operational term of the NSC, the development and improvement of information technologies for its process automation is a relevant task. The purpose of this paper is to develop a method for managing the ventilation system of the NSC based on neuro-fuzzy networks. An investigation of the current state of ventilation control in the NSC has been conducted, and automation tools for the process have been proposed. Using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and statistical data on the NSC's operation, neuro-fuzzy models have been formed, which allows to calculate the expenses of the ventilation system using the Takagi-Sugeno method. The verification of the proposed approaches on a test data sample demonstrated sufficiently high accuracy of the calculations, confirming the potential practical utility in decision-making regarding NSC’s ventilation management. The results of this paper can be useful in the development of digital twins of the NSC for process management and personnel training.

Background: The camel pox virus is a widespread infectious viral disease of camels. It is necessary to conduct research on new strains for the development of vaccines. Aim: The research aims to characterize a novel strain isolated from the camel pox virus used to produce a camel pox virus vaccine. Methods: The objects of the study were the "M-0001" strain isolated from a sample of animals infected with the camel pox virus during the epidemic. The cultural and reproductive properties of the virus isolate were studied using primary cell lines from primary trypsinized lamb kidney and testicular cell cultures (LK and LT). Other samples included kidney cell lines from transplanted sheep) as well as a kidney cell line from transplanted cattle, Vero (transplanted green monkey kidney cell line), and calf trachea. The strain was PCR-tested and sequenced for characterization purposes. Results: The PCR results show that the study sample is species specific and corresponds to the camel pox virus by the size of the cumulative amplifications, which is 241 bp. Given the maximum percentage of a sequence match analyzed by the BLAST algorithm based on the international database and the results of phylogenetic analysis, the M0001 sample was determined to belong to the Camel pox virus (gene bank inventory number KP768318.1). Conclusion: The sample "M0001" is located on the same branch with a representative from CMLV (Camel pox virus). Among the cell cultures tested, the LK and LT cell lines were the most sensitive to the isolated CMLV isolate. Reproducing the virus in these cell cultures remains stable even after 15 consecutive passes. The cytopathic effect of the virus was less pronounced and low in transplanted cell lines, and the cytopathic effect was no longer apparent in the third passage. A genome alignment of the virus has identified potentially conserved sites, and analysis of loci in different virus types revealed one maximally conserved locus. An epizootic strain of the camelina virus "M-0001" candidate to produce vaccines for the camels was obtained. An experimental vaccine sample based on an isolated and charred camellia virus will be created in the future. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(5.000): 558-568]

In the conditions of sustainable development, special attention is paid to the balanced development of the territory. In regional studies, the study of the state of depressed settlements has scientific and practical relevance. In this regard, the conceptual analysis of the concept «depressed region» and «vulnerability of settlements» allows us to define important parameters for the study. The aim of the article is an empirical analysis of the socio-economic problems of vulnerable settlements. Based on the literature study, the conceptual bases of depressiveness and social vulnerability of settlements are highlighted, and the main parameters of its assessment are singled out. The method of data collection was a questionnaire. As a result of a sociological survey of the population, the sample consisted of 300 respondents from vulnerable areas in East Kazakhstan, Zhambyl, and North Kazakhstan regions. According to the results of the survey, several socio-economic issues among the settlements can be identified: lack of livelihood, there is no opportunity for development, poor infrastructure, lack of jobs and opportunities to earn money, poor living conditions, poor environment, problems with getting vocational education, retraining, etc. According to the survey, it is important to develop infrastructure. To address the development of depressed and vulnerable settlements, it is necessary to create transport and social infrastructure: road network, communications, Internet, development of organizational and economic mechanisms: increasing state support for local businesses, strengthening the role of local authorities, providing soft loans and subsidies to the population, providing settlements with social facilities, providing grants for the development of their businesses.

To determine the optimal parameters of the final product, a mathematical model of the dough preparation process using oatmeal was developed. As a criterion for optimization, we took the following indicators: organoleptic properties and nutritional value of bread. Input factors: moisture content of WT dough, NM oatmeal content, and acidity of the CT test.

The description of the problems, solved within the statistics evaluation of the results of educational (pedagogical) experiment in resilient economy is given. Comparison of the two average samplings and hypothesis verification relative to dispersions of the two samplings are considered. It is shown the hypothesis that teaching and methodical training system of subjects of higher mathematics in technical universities, suggested on the base of the modern interactive technologies, significantly improves the quality of the base level of professional competence of future engineers. The methods for statistical processing of the obtained results, which very thoroughly research all the indexes which compose the suggested learning and methodical system for teaching higher mathematics in technical universities are used.

Background: Anthrax is the most prioritized zoonotic disease in Kazakhstan due to its threatening potential to the public health and agricultural sector. Sporadic anthrax outbreaks are being reported annually among human and livestock populations throughout the country, with the highest frequency occurring in West Kazakhstan. Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted using a survey‐based face‐to‐face interview. From January to May 2022, 489 randomly selected participants were surveyed in 6 districts of the Baiterek province in West Kazakhstan oblast to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding anthrax among community members. This is the first KAP study conducted relating to outbreaks of anthrax in Kazakhstan. Results: In this study, most participants (74%) surveyed were males, and 40% of respondents had a secondary level education. Overall, 91% of the community respondents were engaged in agriculture and livestock rearing. Among these community members, cattle rearing was the most common (67%) occupation compared to other livestock species. Additionally, over a 50% of the population studied had no knowledge about the zoonotic nature of the disease, and about 82% and 87% of respondents were unaware of any animal and human anthrax symptoms, respectively. About 70% of the respondents were interested in vaccinating their livestock against anthrax. Individuals aged 45–54 displayed notably higher animal vaccination rates (45%; 95% CI: 38.4–52.0; p < 0.025) compared to those aged 25–34 and 65–74. Respondents residing in the Beles district (20%; 95% CI: 17.1–24.7; p < 0.005) exhibited a significantly higher level of awareness concerning the fatality of anthrax in contrast to participants from Bolashak. Roughly 61% of respondents held the belief that anthrax is a lethal disease. An overwhelming majority of the survey participants (99%) affirmed their non‐participation in the slaughter of infected animals. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that KAP among community members relating to anthrax is low and requires swift implementation of education programmes in building awareness of anthrax under the One Health approach, especially in anthrax prone regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the genetic diversity and structure of domesticated horse (Equus caballus) populations is critical for long-term herd management and breeding programs. This study examines 435 horses from Kazakhstan, covering seven groups in three geographic areas using 11 STR markers. Identified are 136 alleles, with the mean number of alleles per locus ranging from 9 to 19. VHL20 is the most variable locus across groups, while loci HTG4, AHT4, AHT5, HTG7, and HMS3 are variable in most populations. The locus AHT5 in the Emba population shows the highest frequency of rare alleles, while the lowest frequency, 0.005, is observed in the Kulandy population. All loci were highly informative for the Kazakhstani populations of E. caballus, with PIC values higher than 0.5. Pairwise variations in Wright’s FST distances show that the examined varieties have little genetic differentiation (0.05%), indicating a high degree of admixture and a continuing lineage sorting process. Phylogenetic and population structure analyses reveal three major clusters of Kazakh horses, representing (I) the Uralsk population of the Kushum breed and the monophyly of two groups: (II) the Kozhamberdy population of the Mugalzhar breed, and (III) the Mugalzhar–Kushum breed populations. Kazakhstani horse populations, while being regionally isolated, were recently in contact with each other.

The aim of this paper is to identify the main problems and prospects of tourism growth in Ukraine including international experience in the context of deepening of the integration connections. The paper studied the main trends and characteristics of the tourism industry development in Ukraine in the context of European integration, describe the state, structure, dynamics of the relevant indices of the tourism sector in Ukraine, monitored the relationships and dependencies, determined the correlation factors. Main practical directions of the domestic tourism growth were determined. Determined the place of Ukraine in a highly competitive European tourism market. In addition, the paper made significant theoretical and practical contribution to overcome main problems associated with the characteristic feature of the tourist complex of Ukraine. The results of research identified the main problems of the development of the tourism sector of Ukraine, as well as highlighted the potential prospects for tourism development, taking into account the conditions of European integration.

One of the key issues in corporate management is business process management. That is why the greatest interest for company analysts is the issue of effective forecasting of business processes. In today's digitalization of the economy, integration and automation of business processes have become the main priorities for achieving efficiency and effectiveness of companies, and especially for effective management decisions. This problem can be solved with the help of integrated systems, which are tools for effective management decisions, modeling and optimization of business processes. The article provides an analytical review of known forecasting methods and identifies the features of their application, analyzes the advantages and disadvantages that will take them into account in modeling the company and promote economic development, competitiveness and optimize business processes.

Background and Aim: The Aujeszky's disease, also known as Pseudorabies, remains one of the most problematic fulminant diseases in domestic animals, affecting the central nervous system. The study aimed to investigate the effect of an inactivated vaccine against Aujeszky's disease based on "Kordai" virus strain. Materials and Methods: To test the inactivation of the "Kordai" strain (grown by the roller method in VNK-21/13 cell culture with an infectious titer of at least 7.5 lg TCD50/ml) which is causative of Aujeszky's disease, next-generation teotropin and propolis preparations were used in concentrations of 0.1%, 0.08%, and 0.04%. Results: As a result of comparative studies on the optimization of parameters for inactivating the "Kordai" virus strain, it was established that teotropin is a more effective inactivant than propolis. At the same time, the optimal final concentration of teotropin for inactivation was 0.1%, along with a reaction medium temperature of 37°C, pH of 7.4-7.6, and duration of inactivation of 14 h. The titer of virus-neutralizing activity (VNA) of antibodies at the pH (neutralization reactions) in vaccinated sheep of 10-12 months of age was 7.5±0.3, Ig TCID50/ml (tissue culture infectious dose 50%), and 3.5±0.3 in the cell culture VNK-21/13 (culture of Syrian hamster kidney cells). Conclusion: To determine colostral immunity in newborn lambs, the method of metabolic status correction was used to vaccinate lambs obtained from immune sheep 4 months after birth. The results showed that lambs obtained from immune sheep had high VNA titers. A sustained immune response in vaccinated animals was obtained after double vaccination.

This article analyzes the scientific potential, its structure, and dynamics of development in Kazakhstan to develop strategic recommendations for the further development of science. The main purpose of the scientific work is to obtain accurate data on the state of the dynamics of the development of Kazakh science. The main research methods were generalization, systematization, and the economic and statistical method. The statistical base of the study was the data of the Statistics Committee of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period from 2010 to 2020. According to the analysis, it was revealed that the state budget plays the main role in the financing of R&D in the republic, and the priority direction of R&D is research in the field of engineering developments and technologies. While there are several problems in the field of social sciences and humanities in Kazakhstan: the tendency to reduce the sphere of social sciences, a low proportion of highly qualified personnel in the humanities, a low material and technical base of social and humanitarian research, which is manifested in a high share of labor costs. Positive trends in the growth of costs for R&D, the development of the entrepreneurial sector of science, as well as negative trends in reducing costs for medical sciences were revealed. It is shown that there is a critical situation with the reproduction of scientific personnel, especially highly qualified personnel. The results of the study may be of interest to government authorities in the field of science.

Тhe scientific article considered the scientific and theoretical foundations of small business organization in the economy of Kazakhstan, identified the role of small business in reducing youth unemployment, and conducted an economic assessment of the share of small business in the total number of economic entities.The methodology for calculating small business indicators defines the main aspects and methods of obtaining official statistical information for calculating indicators that characterize the activities of small businesses in order to assess the contribution of this sector to the country’s economy. The purpose of this methodology is to analyze and evaluate the economic development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Republic of Kazakhstan. This method is used by the Committee on statistics of the Ministry of national economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan and its territorial bodies in the formation of indicators of small and medium-sized businesses, and we found it appropriate to use in this study.The value of the study lies in a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative analysis of the share of small business and the increasing role of small business in reducing youth unemployment.The research results include the development of methodological and theoretical provisions on the development of small business in the modern economy, as well as proposals for their implementation.The authors have defined the methodological basis for the economic assessment of the share of small business, the role and features of small business development in reducing youth unemployment and youth employment.The purpose of the study is a theoretical consideration of the economic foundations of small business in economy of Kazakhstan, defining the role of small entrepreneurship in reducing youth unemployment, economic assessment of the share of small entrepreneurship number of entities.

The development of the labour market of the Republic of Kazakhstan is described by instability among certain age groups, an increasing imbalance between the demand for labour and its supply. The current processes in the Republic of Kazakhstan prioritise the provision of youth employment both at the national and regional levels. Attracting young people to the sphere of productive labour is complicated by the imperfection of state regulation mechanisms. The scientific originality was determined by the fact that the growth of the labour force competitiveness and its adaptive potential necessitates advanced methodologies and techniques for assessing structural and dynamic shifts in the labour market, the integration of its individual segments into the existing socio-economic space, as well as the development of methodological foundations for forecasting these processes. The labour market is a system of social relations, including legal provisions and institutions that ensure the proper reproduction and effective use of labour, the quantity and quality of which are appropriately rewarded. The methodological framework of the study included general scientific and special methods of cognition. The use of systematic and integrated research approaches allowed determining the specific features of the youth labour market as an object of state regulation and justifying the need for the development of a comprehensive mechanism for its state regulation. The increased need for the state to implement measures aimed at preventing the growth of youth unemployment leads to revising and changing the methods of the youth labour market state regulation.

Automation of data processing of contactless diagnostics (detection) of the technical condition of the majority of nodes and aggregates of railway transport (RWT) minimizes the damage from failures of these systems in operating modes. This becomes possible due to the rapid detection of serious defects at the stage of their origin. Basically, in practice, the control of the technical condition of the nodes and aggregates of the RWT is carried out during scheduled repairs. It is not always possible to identify incipient defects. Consequently, it is not always possible to warn personnel (machinists, repairmen, etc.) of significant damage to the RWT systems until their complete failure. The difficulties of obtaining diagnostic information is that there is interdependence between the main nodes of the RWT. This means that if physical damage occurs at any of the RWT nodes, in other nodes there can also occur malfunctions. As the main way to improve the efficiency of state detection of the nodes and aggregates of RWT, we see the direction of giving the adaptability property for an automated data processing system from various contactless diagnostic information removal systems. The global purpose can be achieved, in particular, through the use of machine learning methods and failure recognition (recognition objects). In order to improve the operational reliability and service life of the main nodes and aggregates of RWT, there are proposed an appropriate model and algorithm of machine learning of the operator control system of nodes and aggregates. It is proposed to use the Shannon normalized entropy measure and the Kullback-Leibler distance information criterion as a criterion of the learning effectiveness of the automated detection system and operator node state control of RWT. The article describes the application of the proposed method on the example of an automatic detection system (ADS) of the state of a traction motor of an electric locomotive. There are given the test data of the model and algorithm in the MATLAB environment.

A total of 75 individuals from five sheep populations in Kazakhstan were investigated based on 12 STR (short tandem repeat, also known as microsatellite) markers in order to study their genetic structure and phylogenetic relationship based on genetic distances. These sheep had a high level of genetic diversity. In total, 163 alleles were found in all the populations using 12 microsatellite loci. The mean number of alleles, effective number of alleles, and polymorphism information content (PIC) values per loci were 13.4, 5.9, and 0.78, respectively. Comparing the allelic diversity between the populations, the highest genetic diversity was observed in the Edilbay-1 sheep breed (8.333±0.644), and the lowest parameter was for Kazakh Arkhar-Merino (7.083±0.633). In all populations, there is a deficiency of heterozygosity. The largest genetic diversity was found in loci INRA023 and CSRD247 with 16 alleles, and the smallest polymorphism was noted for the locus D5S2 with 8 alleles. The level of observed heterozygosity was in the range 0.678±0.051 for Kazakh Arkhar-Merino and 0.767±0.047 for Kazakh fat-tailed coarse wool. The expected heterozygosity level range was from 0.702±0.033 for Kazakh Arkhar-Merino to 0.777±0.023 for Edilbay-1. When 12 microsatellite loci are compared, the OarFCB20 locus showed the highest level of genetic variability. Excess of heterozygosity was observed at three loci; MAF065, McM042, and OarFCB20. The highest genetic distance was observed between Kazakh Arkhar-Merino and Edilbay-1, whereas the genetic distance between Edilbay-1 and Edilbay-2 is the smallest using Nei's standard genetic distance. The Edilbay-1 sheep breed possesses the largest genetic diversity among these five populations.

The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the features of the operation of prestressed shells, taking into account the various structural parameters of the prestress. It is established that when the winding angle changes from perpendicular to the shell axis to 75° and 65°, the circumferential stresses decrease 1.4 times and 1.2 times, respectively, and the axial stresses increase five and three times, which are two and four times lower than the circumferential, from which it can be concluded that the reduction in the winding angle to the longitudinal the axis of the shell has a positive effect on the stress state of the structure. The study also found that with an increase in the diameter of the winding wire from 1 to 2 mm and a change in the winding angle, the same nature of the stress distribution is observed, but the values of the stress state parameter change, so the efficiency increases up to 25% due to an increase in the winding thickness, depending on the pitch, angle and thickness of the winding, which favorably affects the strength and the bearing capacity of the structure as a whole by increasing the value of the stress state parameter. Thus, the results of the analysis will allow us to use in more detail the possibility of controlling the stress–strain state of the prestressed shell by changing the design parameters, and the results obtained can be used in design or construction, as well as when increasing the strength characteristics of the structure, which allows us to create a high-tech design optimal for these operating conditions, which can positively complement the studies conducted earlier in this direction.

The article investigates the experience of the formation and development of digital platforms in the world. Based on the analysis, the authors highlighted the advantages of digital platform economy, and number of successfully operating digital platforms operating on the basis of the provision of various digital resources.

Caseins play an important role in determining the technological properties and quantitative characteristics of camel milk. To date, only a few studies on the genetic polymorphism of casein genes have been reported in the camel populations of Kazakhstan. Therefore, this work aimed to identify the genetic polymorphism level of casein genes among camel populations of the Almaty region of Kazakhstan. The PCR-RFLP method was used for this purpose and the following genotypes were revealed as a result: CSN3 gene—CC, CT, TT, where the T allele predominated in all populations, with a frequency of 0.60; CSN2 gene—AA, AG, GG, with the predomination of A allele (0.64); and CSN1S1 gene—GG and GT, with the predomination of G allele (0.94). Statistical analysis was carried out using the POPGENE and GenAlEx software. The χ2 values were equal to 12.1 (CSN3), 8.6 (CSN2), and 14.5 (CSN1S1). As a result, three out of 53 animals were designated as the “core” of the population—animals with the desired genotypes: CC genotype for the CSN3 gene and AA genotype for the CSN2 gene. Such animals can be selected for further use with an increase in the number of livestock with high productivity rates.

The aim of the research is to study the factors of development and depression of the territory, the development of a methodological approach to assessing cities and rural settlements of Kazakhstan. The main indicators of selection of localities include population density, industrial production per capita, gross output of agricultural products (services rendered) per capita, retail turnover per capita, nominal income per capita, migration balance, distance up to 50 km from the state border of Kazakhstan. The sample will be formed based on the selected criteria from 88 cities and 6322 rural settlements of Kazakhstan. The developed approach can be applied in further data analysis based on secondary statistical data and conducting an empirical study to collect primary data.

There are over 2,000 anthrax-infected soil foci in Kazakhstan, posing a potential threat of infection with anthrax to the population. The anthrax soil foci are found in all regions of Kazakhstan, often located near residential buildings, interfering with the promising development of the region. Experimental work was carried out on the development of disinfection of the deep soil layers at a depth of up to 3.5 m using the drilling method. The experiments were carried out on a modular site measuring 210 cm by 280 cm with a natural occurrence of soil. The experimental site disinfection method included the complete filling of 12 prepared wells with BA-12 disinfectant. The soil in the wells had been previously contaminated with a vaccine culture of anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) pathogen 55-VNIIVViM. The total volume of the disinfectant solution required for complete disinfection of the entire volume of the soil (the experimental site, amounted to 1,635 L) was determined. According to the authors, the main practical conclusion of the study was the possibility to use the scheme of disinfection of soil foci of anthrax burials developed during the experiment for carrying out production and construction work at the site of existing burials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]