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We studied the relationship of inotropic responses of the isolated myocardium to stimulation of β1-and β2-adrenergic receptors (β-AR) with echocardiography parameters in 28 patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Myocardial fragments (trabeculae of the right atrial appendage) were obtained during coronary artery bypass surgery. The inotropic response of the trabeculae was assessed in an isometric mode. Stimulation of β1-and β2-AR with agonists was performed against the background of preliminary α-AR blockade. In case of preserved ejection fraction, significant inotropic response of the trabeculae (135 (112; 154)% from the initial contraction amplitude) was observed after β1-AR stimulation, while in reduced ejection fraction, its significant increase was observed after β1-AR stimulation (126 (112; 170)% from the initial contraction amplitude). In patients with preserved and reduced ejection fraction, the correlations between the inotropic responses of the trabeculae to β1-and β2-AR stimulation and echocardiography parameters were different. The revealed differences reflect the degree of cardiac remodeling under condition of the studied pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most frequent cardiac arrhythmias and leads to heart failure. Excessive sympathetic activity aggravates arrhythmogenic processes at the cellular and tissue levels. Hypersympathicotonia leads to desensitization of β1-adrenoreceptors (β1-AR), and negative regulation develops until the synthesis of new receptors stops. Desensitization processes may be indirectly reflected in an increase or decrease in the expression of the ADRB1 gene encoding β1-AR. The level of relative expression of the β1-AP ADRB1 gene in leukocytes of 52 patients with different forms of AF was analyzed in dynamics: before treatment, 3 days, and 3 and 12 months after ablation. Before ablation, expression was reduced in patients with persistent AF compared to groups with other forms of AF (р = 0.026). The study of dynamics revealed a significant decrease in the level of expression in patients with paroxysmal AF at the point of 3 days compared with the level before ablation (p = 0.003), with a further increase in values to the baseline at the point of 12 months (p = 0.021) relative to the point of 3 days. In patients with persistent AF, the expression level significantly increased 3 months after ablation (p = 0.046) compared to the level before surgery. Patients with long-term persistent AF after ablation had a tendency toward a decrease in expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We compared the expression of Са2+-ATPase (SERCA2a), calsequestrin (CASQ2), ryanodine receptors (RyR2) proteins and their genes (ATP2A2, CASQ2, and RYR2) in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with and without comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus. All studies were performed on the right atrial appendages resected during coronary bypass surgeries. Expression of SERCA2a and RyR2 proteins and their ATP2A2 (p=0.046) and RYR2 genes in comorbid pathology was significantly (p=0.042) higher (by 1.2 and 2 times; p=0.025). The expression of CASQ2 protein and its gene did not differ significantly between the groups (p=0.82 and p=0.066, respectively). It was concluded that the expression of SERCA2a and RyR2 proteins and their genes (but not CASQ2 and its gene) is elevated in CHD associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Expression of the studied proteins correlated with the expression of their genes. Increased expression of CASQ2 protein and its gene can probably prevent imbalance of the Ca2+-transporting systems in cardiomyocytes and contractile dysfunction of the myocardium, even in CHD associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the rate of oxygen consumption by mitochondria isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes of patients with acute myocardial infarction and healthy volunteers. It was found that leukocyte mitochondria in patients with acute myocardial infarction were characterized by significantly lower rate of oxygen consumption and lower level of coupling of oxidation and phosphorylation processes in comparison with mitochondria from healthy volunteers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review contains data reflecting the role of polymorphisms and mutations of the genes of proteins Ca2+-ATPase 2a, ryanodine receptors, and calsequestrin of the Ca2+-transporting system of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of cardiomyocytes in the formation of contractile myocardial dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To study the initial state of adrenergic reactivity and the five-year dynamics of the beta-adrenergic reactivity index of erythrocyte membranes and the manifestation of the antihypertensive effect of the procedure for radiofrequency destruction of sympathetic structures of the renal artery in patients with resistant arterial hypertension., Subjects and Methods: The analysis included 42 patients with resistant arterial hypertension (RH). The renal denervation (RD) procedure of the kidneys was performed by endovascular bilateral transcatheter radiofrequency ablation of the renal arteries. The study of 24-hour blood pressure monitoring (BPM) and the determination of β-adrenoreactivity of erythrocytes (β-ARM) by changes in the osmoresistance of erythrocyte membranes were performed initially, 1 week, 6 months, 1, 2, 3 and 5 years after RD. Patients retrospectively, at a follow-up period of 6 months after RD, were divided into responders (decrease in blood pressure by 10 or more mm Hg) and non-responders (decrease in blood pressure less than 10 mm Hg)., Results: 6 months after the RD, the number of responders was 28 people (66.7%), after 5 years - 31 people (73.8%). At the time of inclusion in the study, the median β-ARM in the group of non-responders was not significantly higher than in the group of responders. After 6 months after the RD procedure, the β-ARM indicator in the non-responder group was significantly lower than in the responder group (p = 0.043). With further follow-up in the group of responders, an increase in the median β-ARM was noted, which reached significant differences relative to the baseline values in the group at follow-up periods of 1 year (p = 0.036) and 5 years (p = 0.004) after RD. The change in the β-ARM indicator in the non-responder group was wavy in nature, the changes did not reach the significance criteria., Conclusion: Renal denervation in 73.8% of cases is accompanied by a stable antihypertensive response for 5 years of observation and an increase in β-ARM, which may indicate the implementation of compensatory mechanisms in conditions of increasing activity of the sympathoadrenal system in response to a decrease in blood pressure.

We compared the expression of Са 2+ -ATPase (SERCA2a), calsequestrin (CASQ2), ryanodine receptors (RyR2) proteins and their genes (ATP2A2, CASQ2, and RYR2) in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with and without comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus. All studies were performed on the right atrial appendages resected during coronary bypass surgeries. Expression of SERCA2a and RyR2 proteins and their ATP2A2 (p=0.046) and RYR2 genes in comorbid pathology was significantly (p=0.042) higher (by 1.2 and 2 times; p=0.025). The expression of CASQ2 protein and its gene did not differ significantly between the groups (p=0.82 and p=0.066, respectively). It was concluded that the expression of SERCA2a and RyR2 proteins and their genes (but not CASQ2 and its gene) is elevated in CHD associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Expression of the studied proteins correlated with the expression of their genes. Increased expression of CASQ2 protein and its gene can probably prevent imbalance of the Ca 2+ -transporting systems in cardiomyocytes and contractile dysfunction of the myocardium, even in CHD associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus., (© 2021. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Aim: To study the change in the -adrenergic reactivity of red blood cell membranes in patients during the first year after acute myocardial infarction., Materials and Methods: The study included 25 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) who signed informed consent to participate in the study. The erythrocyte membrane -adrenoreactivity index (-ARM) was determined in venous blood samples upon admission to the intensive care unit, one day after admission, 6 and 12 months after the index MI was transferred using the BETA-ARM-AGAT reagent kit (Agat-Med, Russia)., Results: According to the results of dynamics assessment of -APM during the first day, patients included in the study were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 (n=14) included patients who had an increase in -APM in the first day, and group 2 (n=21) included patients in whom -ARM either did not change or decreased. At the time of admission to the hospital in the formed groups, there were no differences in the -APM index and clinical and anamnestic characteristics. A day after hospitalization, the value of -APM in group 1 significantly exceeded the same indicator in group 2 (p=0.02). At the periods of 6 and 12 months, the -APM indices in the groups did not differ. In the 2nd group of patients, the progression of chronic heart failure to one or more functional classes (NYHA) was significantly more often compared with the 1st group., Conclusion: The study showed that on the first day in patients with AMI, both an increase and a decrease in the activity of the sympathoadrenal system are possible with a further leveling of these differences over the next year. For a group of patients with decreased activity of sympathoadrenal system on the first day, a more unfavorable course of heart failure in the post-infarction period is characteristic.

In this study we performed a comparative gene expression analysis of carotid arteries in the area of atherosclerotic plaques and healthy internal mammary arteries of patients with advanced atherosclerosis by using microarray HumanHT-12 BeadChip ("Illumina"). The most down-regulated genes were APOD, FABP4, CIDEC and FOSB, and up-regulated gene was SPP1 (|FC|>64; pFDR<0.05). The majority of differentially expressed genes were down-regulated in advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Unexpectedly, genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses were down-regulated in advanced atherosclerotic plaques to compare with the healthy arteries (arachidonic acid metabolism, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, Jak-STAT signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway). "Cellular response to metal ion" (metallothioneins) and "Extracellular matrix organization" were the most significant Gene ontology terms among the down- and up-regulated genes, respectively.

Aim: to study relationship of ACE insertion-deletion (I/D) polymorphism and NOS3 T-786C polymorphism with characteristics of the course of ischemic heart disease (IHD) at the background of diabetes mellitus., Materials and Methods: Were examined 114 patients with IHD, 29.8% of patients had type 2 diabetes mellitus. ACE and NOS3 polymorphisms were determined by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction with primers by "Lytech"., Results: Patients with combined pathology belonged to older age group, had increased frequency of obesity and predominance of functional class II chronic heart failure. In this group we detected association of D allele of the ACE gene with higher frequency of dyslipidemia and obesity. Among patients with IHD without diabetes we observed associations of ACE I/D and NOS3 T-786C polymorphisms (close and moderate, respectively) with severity of effort angina. We also found that frequency of dyslipidemia among carriers of II and TT genotypes was lower than among carriers of other genotypes., Conclusion: Presence of type 2 diabetes as background pathology leads to a change of character of association of ACE I/D and NOS3 T-786C polymorphisms with clinical characteristics of patients with IHD.

We studied the association between clopidogrel resistance, H1/NH2 polymorphism of the P2RY12 gene and T156C polymorphism of the GpIIIa gene in residents of Western Siberia suffering chronic CHD. It was shown that the occurrence of H1 and H2 haplotypes of the P2RY12 gene and 1565T and 1565C alleles of the GpIIIa gene was similar to that reported for European populations. Patients showing variable platelet response to the inhibitory action of clopidogrel were not significantly different in terms of P2RY12 and GpIIIa genotype distribution. To conclude, the study revealed no association between the risk of clopidogrel resistance and the presence of polymorphic variants of platelet receptor genes P2RY12 and GpIIIa.

We undertook a comparative analysis of allele frequency distribution and I/D polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) undergoing coronary stenting with and without signs of restenosis. There were no significant difference between the groups in the genotype frequency distribution of I/D polymorphism of the CAE gene (p = 0.061). The occurrence of D allele in the patients with restenosis was higher than that of I allele (chi-square test 4.117, p = 0.042). Relative risk for the carriers of D and I alleles was 0.35 and 2.83 respectively. It is concluded that the presence of D allele of I/D polymorphism of the CAE gene in patients with chronic CHD may be a risk factor of restenosis of stented coronary arteries.