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Objective: Prolonged duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) predicts poor outcomes of first-episode psychosis (FEP) and is often linked to low socioeconomic status (SES). The authors sought to determine whether patients' personal income, used as a proxy for SES, predicts length of DUP and whether personal income influences the effect of an early psychosis detection campaign-called Mindmap-on DUP reduction., Methods: Data were drawn from a trial that compared the effectiveness of early detection in reducing DUP across the catchment area of an FEP service (N=147 participants) compared with an FEP service with no early detection (N=75 participants). Hierarchical regression was used to determine whether personal income predicted DUP when analyses controlled for effects of age, race, and exposure to early psychosis detection. A group × personal income interaction term was used to assess whether the DUP difference between the early detection and control groups differed by personal income., Results: Lower personal income was significantly associated with younger age, fewer years of education, Black race, and longer DUP. Personal income predicted DUP beyond the effects of age, race, and early psychosis detection. Although Mindmap significantly reduced DUP across all income levels, this effect was smaller for participants reporting lower personal income., Conclusions: Patients' personal income may be an important indicator of disparity in access to specialty care clinics across a wide range of settings. Early detection efforts should measure and target personal income and other SES indicators to improve access for all individuals who may benefit from FEP services., Competing Interests: Dr. Srihari reports being a cofounder of STEP-Forward, L.L.C., which provides consultation for services development and workforce development. The other authors report no financial relationships with commercial interests.

Importance: Studies suggest a higher risk of schizophrenia diagnoses in Black vs White Americans, yet a systematic investigation of disparities that include other ethnoracial groups and multiple outcomes on the psychosis continuum is lacking., Objective: To identify ethnoracial risk variation in the US across 3 psychosis continuum outcomes (ie, schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, clinical high risk for psychosis [CHR-P], and psychotic symptoms [PSs] and psychotic experiences [PEs])., Data Sources: PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase were searched up to December 2022., Study Selection: Observational studies on ethnoracial differences in risk of 3 psychosis outcomes., Data Extraction and Synthesis: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Using a random-effects model, estimates for ethnoracial differences in schizophrenia and PSs/PEs were pooled and moderation by sampling and setting was determined, along with the assessment of heterogeneity and risk of bias., Main Outcomes and Measures: Risk of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorder, CHR-P, and conversion to psychosis among CHR-P and PSs/PEs., Results: Of 64 studies in the systematic review, 47 were included in the meta-analysis comprising 54 929 people with schizophrenia and 223 097 with data on PSs/PEs. Compared with White individuals, Black individuals had increased risk of schizophrenia (pooled odds ratio [OR], 2.07; 95% CI, 1.64-2.61) and PSs/PEs (pooled standardized mean difference [SMD], 0.10; 95% CI, 0.03-0.16), Latinx individuals had higher risk of PSs/PEs (pooled SMD, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.08-0.22), and individuals classified as other ethnoracial group were at significantly higher risk of schizophrenia than White individuals (pooled OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.31-2.50). The results regarding CHR-P studies were mixed and inconsistent. Sensitivity analyses showed elevated odds of schizophrenia in Asian individuals in inpatient settings (pooled OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.19-2.84) and increased risk of PEs among Asian compared with White individuals, specifically in college samples (pooled SMD, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.02-0.29). Heterogeneity across studies was high, and there was substantial risk of bias in most studies., Conclusions and Relevance: Findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis revealed widespread ethnoracial risk variation across multiple psychosis outcomes. In addition to diagnostic, measurement, and hospital bias, systemic influences such as structural racism should be considered as drivers of ethnoracial disparities in outcomes across the psychosis continuum in the US.

Background: Bipolar disorder is associated with heightened and persistent positive emotion (Gruber in Curr Dir Psychol Sci 20:217-221, 2011; Johnson in Clin Psychol Rev 25:241-262, 2005). Yet little is known about information processing biases that may influence these patterns of emotion responding., Methods: The current study adopted eye-tracking methodology as a continuous measure of sustained overt attention to monitor gaze preferences during passive viewing of positive, negative, and neutral standardized photo stimuli among remitted bipolar adults and healthy controls. Percentage fixation durations were recorded for predetermined areas of interest across the entire image presentation, and exploratory analyses were conducted to examine early versus late temporal phases of image processing., Results: Results suggest that the bipolar and healthy control groups did not differ in patterns of attention bias., Conclusions: Findings provide insight into apparently intact attention processing despite disrupted emotional responding in bipolar disorder.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and clinical features of night eating syndrome (NES) in a sample of patients with depression., Methods: The study sample consisted of 155 depressed outpatients. Socio-demographic Form, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Night Eating Questionnaire were utilised for data collection., Results: Night eating syndrome was identified in 21.3% of the patients. Comparisons between NES and non-NES patients revealed significant differences in BMI, smoking status, Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, rumination and PSQI sub-scores for sleep quality, latency, disturbances and daytime dysfunction. In our sample, the predictors of NES were BMI, smoking and the subject's score on the PSQI sleep disturbances subscale., Conclusions: Night eating syndrome is negatively associated with sleep, severity of anxiety and depression. Our findings suggest that there is a complex relation between NES and depression, and it is recommended that depressed patients be evaluated for NES., (Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.)

The Callier Center offers a wide variety of services for those with communication disorders, as well as programs for research and academic training. Bringing together clinical and research specialists from a variety of related disciplines, Callier affords an unusual opportunity for interdisciplinary clinical programs, research, and enriched student training.

Pure-tone thresholds were obtained from 24 children between the ages of eight and 13 years using a standard, supraaural cushion (MX-41/AR), and one of four circumaural cushions. Testing was performed in quiet and in the presence of wideband noise presented at 60 dB SPL fro three conditions: Condition 1 (test) used a TDH 39 driver mounted in the MX-41/AR cushion; Condition 2 (experimental) used the same TDH 39 driver mounted in one of the circumaural cushions under investigation; and Condition 3 (retest) which was the same as Condition 1. Statistically significant differences were found between thresholds with the MX-41/AR cushion and thresholds with one of the circumaural enclosures in quiet. In noise, thresholds with three of the circumaural enclosures were significantly lower than those with the MX-41/AR cushion. A significant test/retest difference was observed for the MX-41/AR cushion at 6000 Hz in quiet only.