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Objective: Our investigation was conducted to evaluate the incidence of umbilical pathologies and the result of related surgical interventions in Sicilian cattle., Study Design: 320 (214 females, 106 males) cattle with umbilical lesions were collected, anesthetized, operated on and follow-up recorded. We evaluated the injury incidence rate., Population: The animals considered were: high productivity dairy cattle (Holstein Friesian and Brown Swiss); meat breeds (Charolaise and Limousine) and some crosses., Results: The highest injury rate was simple omphalocele, followed by purulent omphalitis. A high percentage was found in young cattle. Friesians are the most prone to navel diseases. The dairy breeds, compared to the meat breeds, and double aptitude and crosses, were the most affected. The most common was simple omphalocele, with a small hernial port (1 to 3 cm), while the rest was greater than 3 cm, with severe organs or complications., Methods: the most commonly used surgery was herniorraphy with autologous reinforcement, while classic sutures and mesh sutures were used in the remaining cases. Follow-up demonstrated healing in most of the treated subjects., Conclusions: The study aimed to estimate some surgical clinical cases in Sicilian cattle. Most injuries are lower abdomen injuries, mostly simple or complicated umbilical hernias. Young dairy females were the most affected., Meaning/impact: Radical surgery is the treatment of choice in the vast majority of symptomatic or asymptomatic umbilical diseases; moreover, the correct management and the choice of an appropriate surgical approach allow to obtain an effective treatment of the lesions., Simple Summary: In cattle farm, the correct management of births is a fundamental step for the future of the breeding. In fact, there are numerous critical factors in this phase: calving area management, umbilical disinfection, correct administration of colostrum, management of individual pens. Generally, after a few hours from birth, the calf is transferred in individual pens, the walls of this box allow visual and tactile contact but avoid the possibility of mutual sucking of the umbilical region, a risk factor, in that area, of infections and hernias. In the study have been collected umbilical interventions carried out over twenty years by a team operating in south-eastern Sicily: Ragusa. Out of a total of 320 cases, have been reported: the prevalence of types of umbilical tumefactions, anesthetic techniques and surgical techniques performed. The purpose of the work was to highlight any predispositions of race, sex, age regarding the lesion considered and above all, the effectiveness of the surgical therapy., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

This study compared dexmedetomidine or xylazine in combination with tiletamine-zolazepam for chemical immobilization of wild fallow deer ( Dama dama ) in a prospective, randomized, blinded clinical study. Forty fallow deer were divided into two groups: tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine (TZX) and tiletamine-zolazepam-dexmedetomidine (TZD). The TZX group was immobilized with 1.9 ± 0.05 mg/kg of xylazine and 1.48 ± 0.05 mg/kg of tiletamine-zolazepam, whereas the TZD group was immobilized with 34.15 ± 1.1 µg/kg of dexmedetomidine and 0.97 ± 0.03 mg/kg of tiletamine-zolazepam by dart. The induction time was recorded. During the immobilization, heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, hemoglobin oxygen saturation, blood lactate concentration, and quality of immobilization were recorded at 10, 20, and 30 m after drug administration. The time of achievement of sternal recumbency and that of standing were also recorded. The TZD group showed a significantly shorter induction time (8 ± 1.6 m, TZX group; 4 ± 0.5 m, TZD group), significantly higher quality of immobilization score (2[1-2], TZX group; 4[4-4], TZD group), and significantly lower lactate levels (5[3-7] mmol/L, TZX group; 2[1-3] mmol/L, TZD group). The time to sternal recumbency was 7 ± 1.6 m (TZX group) and 4 ± 0.5 m (TZD group), and time to quadrupedal standing was 20 ± 1.6 m (TZX group) and 16 ± 0.8 m (TZD group) ( P = 0.001). Dexmedetomidine combined with tiletamine-zolazepam is a viable alternative to xylazine for the chemical immobilization of fallow deer.

Objective: To evaluate the anaesthetic effects of three different alfaxalone doses to induce anaesthesia in goldfish., Study Design: Prospective, randomized, clinical study., Animals: Thirty goldfish undergoing skin scraping, gill examination and stool collection., Methods: Each fish was transferred to an individual 4 L induction tank and randomly allocated into one of three groups (n = 10), in which alfaxalone was administered at concentrations of 6, 7 or 9 mg L -1 . The depth of anaesthesia was evaluated by approach reaction, equilibrium, opercular movement and reaction to tactile stimuli. Sedation, light anaesthesia, surgical anaesthesia and recovery times were recorded. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance. A p value <0.05 was considered significant., Results: Surgical anaesthesia was achieved in all fish. Goldfish induced with alfaxalone 7 and 9 mg L -1 showed a mild excitement phase. Time to sedation of the 6 mg L -1 dose (5.89 ± 0.40 minutes) was significantly longer compared to the 7 mg L -1 (3.97 ± 0.40 minutes) and 9 mg L -1 doses (3.94 ± 0.40 minutes). Times to light anaesthesia and surgical anaesthesia of the 9 mg L -1 dose (7.65 ± 1.04 and 9.60 ± 1.84 minutes, respectively) were significantly faster compared with those of the 6 mg L -1 dose (13.79 ± 1.04 and 19.75 ± 1.84 minutes, respectively) and the 7 mg L -1 dose (13.55 ± 1.04 and 21.24 ± 1.84 minutes, respectively). No significant differences were recorded in recovery time. Cessation of opercular movement was recorded in two fish induced with 7 mg L -1 and in two induced with 9 mg L -1 . No mortality occurred., Conclusions: and clinical relevance Alfaxalone is a reliable agent for immersion anaesthesia in goldfish. Immersion in water containing 6 mg alfaxalone L -1 provided smooth induction of anaesthesia, and no obvious side effects were encountered. Higher doses shortened induction time and caused respiratory depression and excitatory movements., (Copyright © 2018 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

We used physiological parameters and the duration and quality of anesthesia to compare the effects of two ambient temperatures and of the duration of pre-immobilization confinement on the chemical immobilization of fallow deer. We divided 45 free-ranging fallow deer ( Dama dama ) into two groups: Group A were deer captured in winter (average 12 C), using 1 mg/kg of xylazine and 1 mg/kg of tiletamine-zolazepam; and Group B were deer captured in spring (average 24 C), using 2 mg/kg of xylazine and 1.5 mg/kg of tiletamine-zolazepam, after being confined in a pen. We observed lower mean respiratory rate and oxygen saturation in Group B. In contrast, the mean body temperature and the mean blood lactate concentration were significantly higher in Group B, and quality of anesthesia was better in Group A. Mean induction time (time to achieve recumbency) and durations of recumbency were the same in Groups A and B: approximately 8 and 50 min, respectively. Despite the lower drug dosage, better sedation was obtained in Group A than in group B. The time of year, most likely associated with differences in ambient temperature and in confinement, influenced the recommended dosage for xylazine and tiletamine-zolazepam in fallow deer. As all the animals were sound, we concluded that the only factors that influenced the outcome of the present study were the ambient temperature and the level of stress caused by confinement in the pen.

Prenatal diagnosis of haemoglobin disorders is accepted to be a useful procedure to avoid births of infants with homozygous diseases. Advances in sampling and molecular techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and chorionic villus sampling (CVS), have made earlier and safer first-trimester prenatal diagnosis possible. However, these procedures need previous studies of at-risk couples, which can be very time-consuming when a number of different beta-thalassaemia mutations occur in the region. We describe the possibility of making a first-trimester prenatal diagnosis by cordocentesis and fetal blood analysis at the 12th week of gestation. We found no statistically significant difference (p greater than 0.05) between beta/gamma values in fetuses at the 12th and 18th weeks of gestation. In seven affected fetuses aborted at the 12th week of gestation, the diagnosis was confirmed in all cases by PCR analysis. These findings suggest that early cordocentesis could be an alternative procedure to CVS and PCR analysis.