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Financing nature-positive development pathways in Southern countries is a central issue in the implementation of the Global Biodiversity Framework adopted in Montreal at COP15, and links to two streams: the need expressed by Southern countries to receive support for biodiversity protection through public finance from Northern countries; and the issue of aligning all financial flows with biodiversity objectives. Both issues emphasize “innovative finance mechanisms”, and in particular framing some of these flows, public or private, as “payments for ecosystem services”. This Issue Brief repositions “payments for environmental services” schemes within a broader approach of co-investment for sustainable development. After examining the gap in investments for development in low income and lower middle-income countries, and the role and place of biodiversity in their development pathways, the paper discusses the nature of services provided by biodiversity and how they can be linked to payments, before looking at other financial sources that could contribute to a co-investment approach.

La demande de bois augmente partout dans le monde et cette tendance va inévitablement s'accélérer durant le XXIe siècle pour les débouchés traditionnels, mais aussi les secteurs de la construction (36 % des émissions de gaz à effet de serre), de la bioénergie, de la chimie verte et de toutes les industries qui chercheront progressivement à se biosourcer et à se décarboner dans le cadre de l'avènement d'une économie verte durable et relocalisée près de ses ressources et des marchés locaux.