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3. The sieve-element endoplasmic reticulum: A focal point of phytoplasma-host plant interaction?

Author

Musetti, R., Pagliari, L., Mian, G., De Oliveira Cantao, F. R., Bernardini, C., Santi, S., and van Bel, A. J. E.

Subjects
phytoplasma-host interaction, Microbiology (medical), endoplasmic reticulum, pore-plasmodesma units, Arabidopsis, phytoplasma, sieve element, sieve-element ER docking sites, unfolded protein response, Arabidopsis, endoplasmic reticulum, phytoplasma, phytoplasma-host interaction, sieve element, pore-plasmodesma units, sieve-element ER docking sites, unfolded protein response, Microbiology
Abstract

The rough endoplasmic reticulum (r-ER) is of paramount importance for adaptive responses to biotic stresses due to an increased demand for de novo synthesis of immunity-related proteins and signaling components. In nucleate cells, disturbance of r-ER integrity and functionality leads to the “unfolded protein response” (UPR), which is an important component of innate plant immune signalling. In contrast to an abundance of reports on r-ER responses to biotic challenges, sieve-element endoplasmic reticulum (SE-ER) responses to phytoplasma infection have not been investigated. We found that morphological SE-ER changes, associated with phytoplasma infection, are accompanied by differential expression of genes encoding proteins involved in shaping and anchoring the reticulum. Phytoplasma infection also triggers an increased release of bZIP signals from the (SE-ER)/r-ER and consequent differential expression of UPR-related genes. The modified expression patterns seem to reflect a trade-off between survival of host cells, needed for the phytoplasmic biotrophic lifestyle, and phytoplasmas. Specialized plasmodesmata between sieve element and companion cell may provide a corridor for transfer of phytoplasma effectors inducing UPR-related gene expression in companion cells.

Published
2023
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21. A bifasic response to cadmium stress in carrot: Early acclimatory mechanisms give way to root collapse-further to prolonged metal exposure

Author

Sanità di Toppi L, Vurro E, Falasca G, Zanella L, Musetti R, Altamura MM, DE BENEDICTIS, MARIA, LENUCCI, Marcello Salvatore, DALESSANDRO, Giuseppe, Sanità di Toppi, L, Vurro, E, DE BENEDICTIS, Maria, Falasca, G, Zanella, L, Musetti, R, Lenucci, Marcello Salvatore, Dalessandro, Giuseppe, and Altamura, Mm

Subjects
Oil duct, Carrot, Phytochelatin, Glutathione, Cadmium, Xylogenesis
Abstract

Very few studies have provided information about the effects of cadmium (Cd) at histoanatomical and ultrastructural levels, along with potential localization of the metal in planta. In particular, from this standpoint, almost nothing is known in Daucus carota L (carrot), a particularly important species for in vitro and in vivo functional investigations. In this work we hypothesized that 36 mu M Cd, supplied for 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 14 days to 30-day-old in vitro-cultured plants, might induce an early acclimation, but a final collapse of roots and leaves. In fact, as a general feature, a biphasic root response to Cd stress actually took place: in the first phase (1-4 days of Cd exposure), the cytological and functional events observed by light microscopy, TEM, epifluorescence, as well as by the time-course of thiol-peptide compounds can be interpreted as acclimatory responses aimed at diminishing the movement of Cd across the root. The second phase (from 4 to 14 days of Cd exposure) was instead characterized by cell hypertrophy, cell-to-cell separation events, increase in alpha-beta-gamma-tocopherol levels and, not least, endocytogenic processes, coupled with a dramatic drop in the amount of thiol-peptide compounds. These events led to a progressive root collapse, even if they did not ingenerate macro/microscopic injury symptoms in leaf blades and petioles. (C) 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Published
2012

33. Il recovery in viti con giallumi

Author

Carraro, L., Ermacora, P., Musetti, R., Martini, M., Ferrini, F., Loi, N., Pavan, F., Osler, R., Hren, M., Gruden, K., Borgo, M., Bellotto, D., Piero Attilio Bianco, Paola Casati, FABIO QUAGLINO, Zorloni, A., Morone, C., Gotta, P., Rossi, V., and Marzachì, C.

Subjects
Legno nero, Flavescenza dorata, Recovery, Settore AGR/12 - Patologia Vegetale
Published
2008

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