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This research explores the potential of using pomegranate peels and chitosan as a natural flocculant for pre-treating wastewater to enhance sand filtration and remove heavy metals (Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+) effectively. Active compounds like tannin are extracted and purified from the pomegranate peels, then chitosan and tannin are modified to create a novel flocculant. The synthesized flocculant is characterized and its performance is evaluated through laboratory experiments, analyzing factors such as dosage, pH, and heavy metal concentration. The results of this work can provide a safe, easy, eco-friendly and cheap method of wastewater treatment.

This descriptive study attempted to explore teaching styles by eliciting beliefs of a group of English language teachers through Peacock's (Int J Appl Linguist 11:1-20, 2001) Perceptual Teaching Style Preference Questionnaire and interviews based on Reid's hypotheses (TESOL Q 21:87-111, 1987; Learning styles in the ESL/EFL classroom. Boston: Heinle & Heinle, 1995) on learning styles and Doyle and Rutherford's (Theory Pract 23:20-25, 1984) suggestions on matched instructional designs. The mixed methods research design was adopted in the current study, and concurrent triangulation was used to corroborate the findings. Study findings indicated that the participants reportedly applied the group teaching style more frequently than the other styles and favored a repertoire of the visual and auditory perceptual teaching styles. Although participants were mostly positive about the importance of learning styles, effects of perceptual teaching styles on learning, and the matched instructional design, they did not believe that their students were aware of their own learning styles and noted various curricular and administrative constraints in relation to implementation of the matched instruction. Consequently, the current study suggested that the language teachers and their line managers should consider effective planning and implementation of the entire teaching operation in relation to the matched instructional design in their classrooms. Also, it is recommended that as part of their professional development, the classroom practitioners are encouraged to explore their students' "voices" and raise their learners' awareness regarding their learning styles for more effective teaching-learning processes.

Abstract Coding sequences of BRCA1, BRCA2, ATM, TP53, and PALB2 genes were analyzed in 68 consecutive Chechen patients with high‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). Pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants were identified in 15 (22%) out of 68 HGSOC cases. Nine out of ten patients with BRCA1 pathogenic alleles carried the same deletion (c.3629_3630delAG), and three out of five BRCA2 heterozygotes had Q3299X allele. The analysis of 49 consecutive patients with triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) revealed 3 (6%) additional BRCA1 heterozygotes. All women with BRCA1 c.3629_3630delAG allele also carried linked c.1067G>A (Q356R) single nucleotide polymorphism, indicating that this is a genuine founder variant but not a mutational hotspot. An ATM truncating allele was detected in one HGSOC patient. There were no women with TP53 or PALB2 germline alterations. Genetic analysis of non‐selected HGSOC patients is an efficient tool for the identification of ethnicity‐specific BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants.

The aim of the article is to study the nature of liberalization as a specific economic process, which is formed and developed under the influence of the changing conditions of the globalization and integration processes in the society, as well as to identify the characteristic differences in the processes of liberalization of Turkey and Azerbaijan economies (using the method of comparative analysis of these countries' development indices). The objectives of this study: the characterization of the liberalization process as a specific economic process; a comparative analysis of the Turkey and Azerbaijan economic development conditions; the improvement of the theoretical justification of influence the process of economic liberalization on the development of society. The article presents the comparative analysis of the Turkey and Azerbaijan economic development conditions by using new research method as index of leftness (rightness) of economy. It was revealed that the Azerbaijan economy compared with the economy of Turkey is using more "right" methods of economy regulation. The Turkish economy is more prone to fluctuations in the studied parameters, at the same time, a main way of Turkish economy development is the direction towards increased liberalization, while the simultaneous growth of indicators of the human development. In this context, the Azerbaijani economy is more liberalized and less regulated.

The study presented a comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting the competitiveness of agricultural products in Azerbaijan, with an emphasis on assessing the role of trade policy and government support. The main focus was on the impact of trade agreements, tariff and non-tariff barriers, and subsidy programmes on export volumes. Using the methods of statistical and comparative analysis, the main determinants affecting the export of agricultural products were identified and their importance is assessed. The purpose of the study was to develop effective measures and strategies to improve the export potential and increase the competitiveness of Azerbaijan's agricultural sector in international markets through the analysis of key factors and the impact of trade policy. The results of the study showed that Azerbaijan's participation in international trade agreements has a positive impact on export performance. The conclusion of bilateral agreements with key trading partners such as the EU, Turkey, and Iran contributed to the reduction of trade barriers and the opening of new markets. This highlighted the importance of the country's continued active participation in global trade initiatives. The analysis also confirmed the substantial impact of government subsidies on the competitiveness of products. Targeted subsidies helped to reduce the cost of production and improve quality, which is especially important in the context of international competition. Measures were proposed to optimise subsidy programmes and improve efficiency. Special attention is paid to the role of tariff and non-tariff barriers, which remain a considerable obstacle to exports. The study showed that high tariffs and strict non-tariff requirements substantially limit export potential. In this regard, it is recommended to continue the unification of standards with international requirements and simplify certification procedures. The results of the study emphasised the need to modernise the agricultural sector and introduce innovations. The introduction of modern technologies and the improvement of logistics infrastructure contributed to an increase in export volumes and strengthen positions in international markets. Thus, the study identified the main factors affecting the export of agricultural products of Azerbaijan and proposes specific measures to improve trade policy and increase the competitiveness of products in international markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the relationship between primary aluminum production and workplace safety, with a focus on accident rates per megawatt-hour (MWh) in the aluminum industry. As global aluminum production expands, it not only introduces economic and environmental challenges but also raises significant safety concerns inherent to heavy industry operations. Given the complexity of aluminum manufacturing and its associated risks, this study conducts a comprehensive safety analysis. Utilizing various cointegration techniques, including the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), Cointegrated Regression (CCR), and the Engle-Granger and Phillips-Ouliaris tests, the research investigates the long-term relationship between production levels and accident rates. The findings reveal a significant cointegration between the variables, with the ARDL model estimating that a 1% increase in global aluminum production is associated with a 0.843% decrease in total accident rates. These results highlight the potential to enhance workplace safety through process optimization, providing valuable insights for industry stakeholders and policymakers focused on reducing risks in aluminum production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the definition of the surrogacy contract, its essential and other conditions; disclosing the content of the subjective rights and legal obligations of the surrogate mother and spouses (customers); as well as substantiating the relevance of regulating relations between the surrogate mother and spouses (customers) on a contractual basis, as well as establishing the impact of this method of regu-lating these relations on the procedure for determining the origin of a child born as a result of the use of reproductive technologies. With the development of science and innovative technologies, new problems arise, one of which is the problem of surrogacy. The foundations of legal regulation of surrogacy in Kazakhstan originate in 1998 with the adoption of the Law “On Marriage and Family”, which provided for the right to use this method as assisted reproductive technologies (ART). In 2004, the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On reproductive rights of citizens and guarantees of their implementation” was adopted. In 2009, the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On the Health of the People and the healthcare system” was adopted, which provides for the basics of legal regulation of surrogacy. On December 26, 2011, the Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On Marriage (Matrimony) and Family” was adopted, in which Chapter 9 contains a section “Surrogacy and the use of assisted reproductive methods and technolo-gies”.