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The present study evaluated the health status of rainbow trout (30.24±5.34 g) acclimated to high-saline water (28‰). Among adaptation procedures, gradually-acclimated (for 48 h) fish showed best performance, which were then introduced to the offshore cage-farm for further monitoring of fish health in marine environment over a long-term period of 100 days, until harvest weight of 319.9±48.51 g. Fish health and welfare was evaluated by means of biochemical parameters (viscerasomatic index, hepatosomatic index, mesenteric fat index, and spleen somatic index), hematological parameters (serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin), and immune parameters (lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, respiratory burst and potential killing values). Gradual acclimation to high-saline water did not show any adverse effects on health parameters. No significant differences were found in biometric measures (P>0.05). However, a time-dependent increase was recorded in hematology markers (P

In this study, a feeding experiment was conducted using different rations (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) of wheat flour protein instead of fishmeal in fry fish (Dicentrarchus labrax) feeds. In the experiment, an average weight of 2.33±0.2 g juvenile seabass was used. Seabass fries were fed with the experimental feeds for 60 days. The experiment was designed in triplicates. At the end of the experiment, the growth parameters and fatty acid composition of fish fries were examined. As a result, it was statistically determined that the use of wheat flour protein at a high rate had a negative effect on the growth parameters of the fish. Significant changes in fatty acid composition were also observed.

This study evaluated the nutritional quality of farmed and wild axillary seabream (Pagellus acarne R., 1827) focusing on amino acid profiles, with regards to possible interactions with wild fish aggregating around the cage facility. Total amino acids (∑AA), essential amino acids (∑EAA), non‐essential amino acids (∑NEAA) and neutral amino acids (∑NAA) in farmed fish were lower than those in the wild individuals (p > .05). Amino acid pattern in cage‐aggregated fish showed a slight decline from the wild populations, but still higher than the farmed fish. Based on the amino acid scores (AAS), lysine and leucine could be underlined as the ‘first limiting amino acids’, but all other AASs were over ‘1’, in accordance with reference amino acid contents of FAO/WHO (>1.00), showing that farmed axillary seabream provides high nutritional quality and can be considered as a favourable protein source. The ratios of ∑EAA/∑AA (44%–46%) and ∑EAA/∑NEAA (79%–86%) exceeded the minimum recommendation of 40% and >60% by FAO/WHO for all three groups. It can be concluded that axillary seabream either farmed, farm‐aggregated or distant wild fish presented high‐quality protein generating a healthy source for human food.

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of isotretinoin on new bone formation after maxillary sutural expansion in rats.A total of 32 male Wistar rats were selected and randomly divided into four groups. The isotretinoin group was treated with 7.5 mg/kg isotretinoin, and the soybean group was treated with 2 ml/kg soybean oil for 57 days. The substances were applied via oral gavage. The expansion-only and the control groups were not treated with any substance. In the experiment groups, expansion springs were applied on day 41 of the experiment, and after day 5 of expansion, a 12-day retention period was established. At the end of the experiment, all the animals were sacrificed, and their maxillae were dissected for histological evaluation. The numbers of osteoclasts, osteoblasts and formation of new bone and capillaries were evaluated on slides centered around the suture.The statistical analysis showed significant differences between the groups for the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts (p 0.001). In the experiment groups, higher numbers of osteoblasts and osteoclasts were detected in comparison to the control group (p 0.001), while there was no significant difference between the experiment groups. Capillary formation and new bone formation in the isotretinoin group were found to be on a higher level than in the other groups (p 0.001).Isotretinoin had no negative effects on bone formation following the expansion of the maxillary suture in rats.ZIELSETZUNG: Ziel der Studie war es, die Auswirkungen von Isotretinoin auf die Knochenneubildung nach maxillärer suturaler Expansion bei Ratten zu untersuchen.Insgesamt 32 männliche Wistar-Ratten wurden ausgewählt und zufällig einer von 4 Gruppen zugeordnet. In der Isotretinoin-Gruppe wurde mit 7,5 mg/kg Isotretinoin behandelt, in der Soja-Gruppe mit 2 ml/kg Sojaöl, jeweils über 57 Tage. Die Substanzen wurden über eine orale Sonde appliziert. Die Tiere in der Nur-Expansions- und der Kontrollgruppe erhielten keine Substanzen. In den Versuchsgruppen wurden an Tag 41 Expansionsfedern eingesetzt, nach Tag 5 der Expansion erfolgte eine 12-tägige Retentionsphase. Am Ende des Experiments wurden alle Tiere getötet, ihre Oberkiefer wurden für histologische Untersuchungen präpariert. Auf Präparaten um die Naht wurden die Anzahl der Osteoklasten und Osteoblasten sowie die Bildung von neuem Knochen und Kapillaren ausgewertet.Die statistische Auswertung zeigte signifikante Unterschiede zwischen den Gruppen für die Anzahl der Osteoblasten und Osteoklasten (p 0,001). In den Versuchsgruppen wurden im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe (p 0,001) mehr Osteoblasten und Osteoklasten nachgewiesen, während es keinen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen den Versuchsgruppen gab. Kapillar- und Knochenneubildung lagen in der Isotretinoin-Gruppe auf einem höheren Niveau als in den anderen Gruppen (p 0,001).Isotretinoin hatte keine negativen Auswirkungen auf die Knochenbildung nach Erweiterung der Oberkiefernaht bei Ratten.

Bu çalışma ile kontrollü ortamda çeltik–kerevit polikültür yetiştiriciliğinde ideal stok oranlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, çeltik tarımı yapılan alanların tarla balıkçılığı açısından değerlendirilmesi için yumurtalı dişi tatlısu ıstakozlarından laboratuvar ortamında temin edilen yavru bireyler kontrollü ortamda çeltik ekili alanlara farklı stok oranlarında (25 birey m2, 50 birey m-2 ve 100 birey m-2) yerleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonunda tatlısu ıstakozu yavruları için hayatta kalma (%72) ile boy ve ağırlık yönünden en iyi büyümenin 25 birey m-2 stok yoğunluğu olan ortamda gerçekleştiği tespit edilmiştir (p

The aim of the present study was to evaluate risk levels of trace elements in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) from conventional polymer nets and copper alloy mesh with reference to hazard levels and maximum allowable limits for human consumption. Bioaccumulation of trace metals in muscle tissues of fish from copper-alloy mesh, and antifoulant-coated net presented elevated levels in the order of Fe(5.76) > Zn(5.56) > Cu(0.53) > Mn(0.28), and Zn(5.20) > Fe(3.97) > Cu(0.56) > Mn(0.26), respectively, compared to the untreated polymer net pen as Zn(3.61) > Fe(3.12) > Cu(0.44) > Mn(0.16) mg/kg wet weight. However, metal levels in fish harvested from all experimental cages did not exceed maximum permitted levels for seafood safety. Target hazard quotients and total hazard indexes, calculated for the evaluation of non-carcinogenic health risks via metal intake through the consumption of possibly contaminated fish, were found lower than “one” (THQ Cu(18.87) > Fe(7.81) > Zn(7.19), Mn(42.31) > Cu(17.86) > Fe(11.34) > Zn(7.69), and Mn(68.75) > Cu(22.73) > Fe(15.96) > Zn(11.08) for fish from copper-alloy mesh, antifoulant-treated net, and untreated polymer net pen, respectively. The results of this study showed that the trace metals in the edible muscle of fish from both copper alloy and antifoulant-coated net pens were below human health risk levels, according to the limits suggested by US Food and Drug Administration and EU Regulations for Seafood Consumption.

Axillary seabream (Pagellus acarne) farmed in a copper alloy mesh pen and wild individuals of P. acarne aggregated near the copper-alloy cages presented higher concentrations of trace metals in the liver, skin and gills than in fish muscle tissues in two batches of small and large fish sizes. Elevated mean levels of metals (mg kg−1) in muscle tissues in both small and large fish size groups were observed in the rank order of Zn(3.43) > Fe(3.01) > Cu(0.59) > Mn(0.13) and Fe(3.82) > Zn(3.32) > Cu(0.62) > Mn(0.17) for copper cage-farmed fish, relative to ranked mean levels for Zn(2.64) > Fe(1.95) > Cu(0.25) > Mn(0.09) and Fe(5.79) > Zn(3.58) > Cu(0.58) > Mn(0.28) for the copper cage-aggregated wild fish. Nevertheless, trace metal concentrations in fish harvested from the copper cage or those of the cage-aggregated wild individuals in both size groups were far below maximum levels of seafood safety recommended by USEPA and FAO/WHO. Target hazard quotients, calculated to estimate the non-carcinogenic health risks of metals by consuming these fish, were below “1″ (THQ

Fish plays a key role in human consumption in terms of protein, mineral, and essential fatty acid contents. Unfortunately, despite its importance for the human health, there is lack interest on the fish consumption in Turkey. In this context, this paper aimed to determine the fish consumption habits in Çanakkale. It is estimated that fish consumption could be higher in the locations along the coasts of marine and inland waters. Therefore, consumers living in all districts of the city were surveyed to test this hypothesis. The questionnaire was carried out to provide an insight into the fish consumption habits of randomly selected 1056 consumers in Çanakkale. Socio-economic and demographic structures such as age, gender, educational status, profession, income level of the consumers were determined. Responses of the consumers were arranged and analysed by using SPSS and MS-Excel software. Moreover, fish consumption amount, consumption frequency, preferred fish species, most consumed fish species were also determined. The results give an excellent snapshot of fish consumption habits in Çanakkale. Both the most consumed and the most favourite fish species are identified as Sarda sarda. Fish consumption frequency was described as 33.3% (352 individuals) for consuming fish one a week followed by bimonthly frequency (21.9%, 231 individuals) and monthly frequency (21.5%, 227 individuals). 2.3% (24 individuals) of the participants noted that they never consume fish. Moreover, the majority of consumers specified that they consume fish 1-2 kg (39.0%, 312 individuals) and 27.3% (288 individuals) consume fish 0.5-1 kg. Socio-economic and demographic characteristics of consumers are affecting the fish consumption habits. In the present study, season, income level, and freshness of fish are found to be driving force for fish consumption in Çanakkale. Therefore, fish farmers and sellers are recommended to remain the freshness of fish and to follow the appropriate fishing season for providing fish to consumers.

Concentrations of trace metals were determined in the muscle tissue, digestive gland and gills of Mediterranean mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected from different locations around an offs...

This in vitro study aimed to investigate the color changes of the bracket-bonded tooth surfaces after the use of 4 different mouthwashes. A total of 100 human premolar teeth were randomly divided into 10 equal groups. Color values (L*a*b*) of the buccal surfaces of each tooth were assessed using a digital spectrophotometer. Then the brackets were bonded. The groups were put either in sterile saline (4 test+1 control) or artificial saliva (4 test+1 control) solutions, and test groups were immersed in their mouthwashes (Colgate Plax, Listerine Cool Mint, Klorhex, and Tantum Verde) for 1 min each in the morning/evening to simulate the mouth washing for 21 days after the bonding. After the debonding and finishing procedures, final color measurements were performed. Color changes (∆E) were calculated. All of the parameters showed statistically significant differences among the groups. The least noticeable color changes were detected in the control groups. The most noticeable color change (ΔE) was observed in the Tantum Verde + artificial saliva group, followed by Tantum Verde + sterile saline and Klorhex + artificial saliva groups, all of which were significantly higher than the control groups. The use of mouthwashes during orthodontic treatment may cause noticeable changes in tooth color. Listerine Cool Mint may be the choice of mouthwash with its less discoloring effects. Artificial saliva should be preferred in similar in vitro studies to reflect the oral environment better. Mouthwash use during orthodontic treatment may result in different levels of enamel discoloration.

WOS: 000369514900009 A feeding study with Two-banded Seabream Diplodus vulgaris was conducted to determine the effects of replacement of fish oil (FO) by unrefined peanut oil (PO) on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, fatty acid composition, and serum biochemical and hematological variables. Three isonitrogenous (35.8%) and isoenergetic (21.15 kJ/g) diets were formulated by replacing dietary FO with PO at levels of level 0%(PO0), 50% (PO50), or 100% (PO100). Fish were fed twice a day until satiation for an experimental period of 8 weeks. The best growth performance was observed in fish fed with the PO0 and PO50 diets. A significant increase was observed in hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume levels of fish fed with PO50 diet compared with the other groups. Hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, total protein, albumin, and globulin were not affected by dietary PO treatment and did not differ among experimental groups. The glucose level was highest in the PO100 group. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels were lower in fish fed diets with PO inclusions than in those fed the control diet. The fatty acid composition of fish was significantly affected by the experimental diets. Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvictransaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase were not affected by dietary PO treatment. The n-3:n-6 ratio in fish fed the PO0 diet was also higher than in fish fed the PO-supplemented diets. The results of the present study showed that FO could be substituted by PO up to 50% in Two-banded Seabream diets without any negative effect on growth performance or serum biochemical and hematological features.

Background: Plantar fasciitis is a degenerative condition that is one of the most common causes of heel and foot pain. Among noninvasive management of plantar fasciitis, extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been extensively studied and found to be effective, but few studies have assessed the effectiveness of kinesiotaping (KT) method. Objective: This study aimed to show the effectiveness of KT compared with ESWT in the management of plantar fasciitis. Methods: A total of 84 patients with plantar fasciitis were enrolled from a single center and randomized into KT and ESWT treatment groups in a 1:1 ratio (i.e., 42 patients in each group); only one foot was considered for each patient. Both KT and ESWT were applied once a week for 6 weeks. Patients' pain, functional status and quality of life were evaluated with the visual analog scale (VAS), Foot Function Index (FFI) and the Short-Form-36 (SF-36) health survey, respectively. Patients' fat pat and plantar fascia thickness were measured using ultrasonography. All evaluations were performed before and immediately after the 6-week intervention. Results: In the KT group, six patients were lost to follow-up; therefore, the final analysis only included 36 patients. After the intervention, there was a statistically significant improvement in the VAS and SF-36 scores of both groups (P = 0.001), but the FFI score improvement was statistically significant only in the KT group (P = 0.001). In both groups, the mean thickness of plantar fascia decreased after treatment and the mean thickness of the fat pat increased; however, the change was not statistically significant (P = 0.935 and P = 0.832, respectively). Conclusion: Both KT and ESWT treatments improved pain levels and quality of life in patients with plantar fasciitis, but KT also improved functionality. Multicentered studies with larger sample size and longer follow-ups are required to further validate these findings.

In the present study, a 150 cubic m net pen was designed as part of a collaborative research effort between the International Copper Association (ICA-USA), the University of New Hampshire (UNH-USA) and Cannakale Onsekiz Mart University (COMU-Turkey) in August 2011. The fish cage was developed to support the creation of a small scale demonstration farm, located in the Strait of Canakkale, off the coast of Guzelyali town in Turkey. The surface gravity-type, octagonal shaped fish cage was designed to have a diameter of 6 m and a copper alloy mesh chamber depth of 5 m. The present study details the cage construction and system deployment of one fish cage utilized a chain link mesh net chamber with a copper alloy developed by Wieland-Werke in Germany, with reference to work load challenge and estimation of man-power necessary for the partial and total work efforts. As a conclusion, one cage equipped with copper-alloy mesh pen was brought to a final shape with the net chamber assembled and attached to the cage frame in 3 days and 90 man-hours. The HDPE (high density polythylene) cage frame was assembled by an outside company, therefore detail of the main cage frame is not discussed in this paper.

The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth performance and bioeconomic benefits of two-banded seabream (Diplodus vulgaris) juveniles, a candidate species for aquaculture sector. Eight experimental diets were formulated with four protein (50, 45, 40 and 35 %) levels for each of the two lipid levels (15 and 10 %). Triplicate groups of juvenile fish with an average initial body weight of ~3.64 g were reared in a recirculating aquaculture system and hand fed twice a day until satiation for a period of 60 days. In the experiment, no difference in survival rate was found between the different groups. Relative growth rate (RGR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and daily feed intake were not significantly affected by increasing protein and/or lipid treatments in this present study. However, the RGR, SGR and FCR values showed slightly better efficiency in the experimental group (35/15) fed with lower protein content (35 %) and higher lipid level (15 %) compared with those fed other diets. According to bioeconomic analyses results, the diet with the 35 % protein and 15 % lipid generated the best profit. The results suggest that two-banded seabream can be accepted as a promising alternative species for the aquaculture industry and optimum growth of two-banded seabream fingerlings can be obtained when they are fed a diet containing 35 % crude protein and 15 % crude lipid.

The pathophysiology of cardiac syndrome X (CSX) is still unclear, but most patients with CSX have endothelial dysfunction. It has been shown that adropin uniquely effects the regulation of endothelial function. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role of adropin in CSX. Eighty-six consecutive cardiac syndrome X-diagnosed patients and 86 age-sex matched healthy subjects were enrolled into the study. Serum adropin levels, nitrite/nitrate levels were measured in each subject. The adropin levels were significantly lower in patients with CSX than healthy subjects (1.7 ± 0.8 ng/mL and 3.4 ± 1.8 ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.001). The BMI values of patients with CSX were significantly higher than control subjects (28.1 ± 2.4 kg/m(2) and 26.0 ± 3.7 kg/m(2) , respectively; P < 0.001). Plasma nitrite/nitrate levels were lower in patients with CSX than control subjects (15.9 ± 1.6 μmol/L vs. 25.4 ± 2.8 μmol/L, respectively; P < 0.001), and they have a significantly positive correlation with plasma adropin levels (r = 0.463, P < 0.001). In the multiple linear regression analysis, nitrite/nitrate levels, BMI, and adropin were found to be independent risk factors for CSX. A ROC curve is used to identify the ability of adropin levels to predict the cardiac syndrome X. The area under the ROC curve was 0.854 for adropin levels (P = 0.0001). The sensitivity and specificity values of adropin levels were 90.7 and 70.9%, respectively (cut-off value 2.73). In conclusion, lower serum adropin levels were associated with CSX. Adropin is an independent risk factor for CSX.

In this study biochemical composition of seabass (D. labrax) and sea bream (S. aurata), eggs were examined and their protein, moisture, oil, ash and fatty acids content analysized. The results showed that, seabass eggs have 74.25±0.615% moisture, 11.57±0.252% protein, 2.57±0.078% ash and 4.97±0.075% oil. Result showed that in seabass eggs contain 28.74±1.020%saturated fatty acid, 39.05±0.067% MUFA and 31.36±0.020% PUFA. In sea bream eggs 79.85±1.04% moisture, 9.83±0.15% protein, 2.85±0.06% ash and 2.29±0.11% oil were found. As a result of resarch carried aut in sea bream eggs have 40.45±0.612% saturated fatty acid, 34.40±0.130% MUFA and 24.68±0.341% PUFA., Bu araştırmada levrek (D. labrax) ve çipura (S. aurata), balıkları döllenmiş yumurtalarının biyokimyasal kompozisyonunu, % protein, nem, kül, yağ ve yağ asitleri analizleri yapılarak belirlenmiştir. Levrek yumurtasında yapılan analizlerde; nem %74.25±0.615, protein %11.57±0.252, kül %2.57±0.078 ve yağ% 4.97±0.075 olarak saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda levrekte doymuş yağ asitleri %28.74±1.020, MUFA %39.05±0.067, PUFA %31.36±0.020. olarak belirlenmiştir. Çipura yumurtasında yapılan analizlerde; nem %79.851±04, protein %9.83±0.15, kül %2.85±0.06 ve yağ %2.29±0.11 olarak saptanmıştır. Çipurada doymuş yağ asitleri %40.45±0.612, MUFA %34.40±0.130, PUFA %24.68±0.341 olarak belirlenmiştir.

As no information is available regarding the efficacy of using rice protein concentrate (RPC) to replace fishmeal (FM) in diets for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), a trial was conducted to determine the optimum inclusion for European sea bass juveniles. Diets were formulated to replace 25%, 50% and 75% of fishmeal with RPC. Additional high level inclusion diets (50% and 75%) were supplemented with lysine and methionine to determine if these were limiting factors. Fish (18.0 ± 0.06 g) were fed the experimental diets for 12 weeks. The final mean weight and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly higher in fish fed the control diet (diet FM) and low level RPC (diet RPC25) than in fish fed the other diets. The supplementation of the amino acids had a positive effect on growth, elevating the final weight of the high level RPC (RPC75 + AA) group above that of the non-supplemented group (RPC75). However, this was still not comparable to fish fed FM and RPC25 diets. No significant differences in body composition were observed. A digestibility study demonstrated an inverse relationship between elevating inclusion levels of RPC and apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) for dry matter and lipid, with significantly lower values than the control being observed with RPC inclusions above 25%. The mesenteric fat index followed this trend. Circulating leucocyte levels, leucocyte ratios and serum lysozyme activity remained unaffected by dietary treatment. However, compared with the control group, fish fed RPC75, RPC50 + AA RPC75 + AA displayed significantly lower haematocrit values. The present study demonstrates that the inclusion of RPC at 140 g kg−1 (effectively replacing 25% of FM content) does not compromise European sea bass growth performance, body quality or basic haematological parameters. It is suggested that future studies including higher levels test the efficacy of additional amino acid supplementation (e.g. tryptophan).

Summary A feeding trial was carried out to determine the effects of dietary protein and lipid levels on the growth performance and feed utilization of wild-caught striped sea bream (Lithognathus mormyrus). The experimental fish were collected from a local lagoon (Cardak Lagoon, Canakkale, Turkey), transferred to the Marine Net Cage Unit and fed by hand to apparent satiation with a commercial sea bream feed (Biomar; 42% crude protein, 16% crude lipid). Approximately 4 weeks were needed to acclimate the fish to farming conditions. No pathological signs were observed and no fish losses occurred during the adaptation period. For the test trials four test diets with different levels of protein and lipid were formulated [low protein and low lipid (LP:LL), low protein and high lipid (LP:HL), high protein and low lipid (HP:LL), and high protein and high lipid (HP:HL)] and fed to L. mormyrus (mean weight 85.0 ± 4.6 g SEM) in the net cages (O 2 m, depth 2.5 m) for 60 days. During the experiment water temperature varied between 21.1 and 26.4°C; dissolved oxygen 8.4–9.6 mg L−1; pH 7.2–8.6; and salinity 23.3–25.6‰. Growth performances of fish fed high protein diets were higher compared to fish fed low protein diets, irrespective of the dietary lipid level (P 0.05). Preliminary results indicate that striped sea bream can be easily adapted to farming conditions in net cages, and that a diet containing 50% crude protein and 15% crude lipid (HP:LL) levels with 23.0 g protein MJ−1 gross energy of protein/energy ratio would be suitable for striped sea bream growth.

A 77-day feeding trial was designed in order to assess the effect of partial or total replacement of soybean meal by hazelnut meal (HNM) on feed intake, growth performance, nutrient utilization and body composition of rainbow trout (initial mean body weight: 80.0±3.5 g) in seawater conditions. A control and three experimental diets were formulated in which soybean meal level (25.5%) in the control diet was replaced by hazelnut meal at 39.2 (HN 39), 78.4 (HN 78) and 100% (HN 100) to provide 44% crude protein and 20% crude lipid diets. Diets were fed to 125 rainbow trout to apparent satiation by hand twice daily at 09.00 and 16.00 hours under natural photoperiod conditions. At the end of the feeding trial, fish of all groups almost tripled their body weight and no significant difference (P>0.05) was revealed in final weight or specific growth rate between treatments. However, feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the HN100 group was significantly higher than other treatments (P

This study was carried out to investigate relationships between some morphological and reproductive traits of the Turkish crayfish, A. leptodactylus, collected from a controlled irrigation lake in the Yenice province (Canakkale, Turkey), between July 2007 and June 2008. For this objective, two multivariate analysis techniques, namely canonical correlation analysis and multivariate multiple linear regression analysis, were used. The results of the canonical correlation analysis have shown that the morphological traits may be used to predict the changes in the reproductive traits. For instance, canonical correlation analysis results suggested that the egg weight and the number of eggs are related to the total length, carapace length, and carapace width. The results of multivariate multiple linear regression analysis, on the other hand, show a slightly different picture. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that both canonical correlation and multivariate regression results can be taken into consideration t...

In the present study, environmental monitoring was undertaken around an offshore fish farm with copper alloy mesh pens located in the Northern Aegean Sea. From the water velocity results obtained at the farm site, located in the Strait of Canakkale (formerly the Dardanelles) it was recorded that the horizontal water velocity reached 36cms-1 at select times. The average water velocity was found to be 22cms-1. Water quality measurements were made over an 11 months period between September 2011 and July 2012. Other than occasional wind drawn mixing events, the two different water masses can be clearly indicated depending on the temperature and salinity values recorded throughout the study period in the Strait of Canakkale. Inorganic nutrient concentrations such as NO-2+NO-3, NH4, PO4, TP and SiO2, changed from low to moderate through most of the sampling period. The data for TSS varied among sampling depths between 0.06 and 10.40 mgL-1, being below the typical seawater quality measurement threshold of 30 mgL-1 pronounced by Water Pollution Control Regulations. Chlorophyll-a concentration, ranged between 0.143-2.633μgL-1, 0.055-1.519 μgL-1, and 0.110-2.288 μgL-1, at the surface, 15m, and 30m, respectively. It has been observed that starting from March 2012, especially in Stations 2 and 3, the phytoplankton abundance controlled the TSS, rather than terrestrial sources.

Turkish Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Society, Objectives: Our aim was to determine whether there is a relationship between admission gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and subsequent heart failure hospitalizations in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Study design: We selected 123 patients with newly diagnosed acute coronary syndrome of ejection fraction (EF) 49 IU/L on admission, presence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), right ventricular dysfunction, moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation, alanine aminotransferase level, and antiplatelet agent usage were found to have prognostic significance in univariate Cox proportional hazards analysis. In multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model, increased GGT >49 IU/L on admission (hazard ratio [HR] 2.663, p=0.047), presence of hypertension (HR 4.107, p=0.007), and LVEF (HR 0.911, p=0.002) were found to be independent factors to predict new-onset heart failure requiring hospitalization. Conclusion: Hospitalization in heart failure was associated with increased admission GGT levels. Increased admission GGT level in acute coronary syndrome with heart failure should be monitored closely and treated aggressively. © 2014 Turkish Society of Cardiology., Sarikaya, S.; Bozok Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi, Kardiyoloji Anabilim Dali, 66000 Yozgat, Turkey; email: cardiology58@gmail.com

The study was conducted to assess trace metal contents, biochemical composition and growth performance of axillary seabream (Pagellus acarne Risso, 1827) cultured in a copper alloy mesh cage. A total of 400 axillary seabream (initial mean weight: 176.0±14.0 g), a new candidate species for the Mediterranean aquaculture, were stocked into a high-density polyethylene frame gravity cage and fed a commercial seabream diet for a period of 6 months. At the end of the feeding trial, fish reached a final weight of 264.8±16.8 g with a weight increase of 88.8 g and a feed conversion rate of 2.51. Overall, relative growth rate, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio were satisfactory and comparable to the pelagic fishes such as gilthead seabream or European seabass, which are presently the main fish species for the Mediterranean aquaculture industry. Trace elements in fish grown in copper alloy net cages over a 6-month period showed satisfactory results, as the metal concentrations in fish tissues such as liver, skin, muscle and gills were below the reported upper limits for human consumption, indicating that copper alloy net is an acceptable and safe material for finfish cage aquaculture. Furthermore, from the growth performance data obtained in the present study, it can be concluded that axillary seabream showed potential for cage farming, and thus is a promising new candidate for the Mediterranean aquaculture industry.

Background: It was speculated that fatty tissue originated adipocytokines may play role in pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. These adipocytokines may alter vascular homeostasis by effecting endothelial cells, arterial smooth muscle cells and macrophages. Vaspin is a newly described member of adipocytokines family. We aimed to investigate whether plasma vaspin level has any predictive value in coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Forty patients who have at least single vessel ≥ 70 % stenosis demostrated angiographically and 40 subjects with normal coronary anatomy were included to the study. The vaspin levels were measured from serum that is obtained by centrifigation of blood and stored at -20 o C by ELISA method. The length, weight and body mass index of patients were measured. Biochemical parameters including total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, creatinine, sodium, potassium, hemoglobine, uric acid and fasting glucose were also measured. Results: Biochemical markers levels were similar in both groups. Serum vaspin levels were significantly lower in CAD patients than control group (respectively; 256 ± 219 pg/ml vs. 472 ± 564 pg / ml, P 0.02). Beside this serum vaspin level was lower in control group with high systolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Serum vaspin levels were found significantly lower in patients with CAD than age-matched subjects with normal coronary anatomy. Vaspin may be used as a predictor of CAD. doi:10.4021/jocmr841w

In this study, non-specific immune effects of tetra (Cotinus coggyria) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) by dietary intake were investigated. Fish were fed daily ad libitum with diets containing 0.5% and 1.0% tetra for 3 weeks. After this period, fish were switched back to the basal diet for additional 6 weeks. Extracellular and intracellular respiratory burst activities, phagocytosis in blood leukocytes, lysozyme activities, and total plasma protein levels were evaluated at the end of the tetra feeding period and every 3 weeks during the basal diet period. Extracellular and intracellular respiratory burst activities, phagocytic activity, lysozyme activity and total protein level parameters of the groups containing 0.5% and 1.0% tetra were higher than the control group at the end of the 3rd, 6th and 9th weeks, respectively (P 0.05). The highest values of the non-specific immune parameters were observed in the group fed with 1.0% tetra. Tetra groups did not show any significant difference (P 0.05) in terms of specific growth rate and average weight of the fish.

Bu araştırmada levrek (D. labrax) ve çipura (S. aurata), balıkları döllenmiş yumurtalarının biyokimyasal kompozisyonunu, % protein, nem, kül, yağ ve yağ asitleri analizleri yapılarak belirlenmiştir. Levrek yumurtasında yapılan analizlerde; nem %74.25±0.615, protein %11.57±0.252, kül %2.57±0.078 ve yağ% 4.97+0.075 olarak saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda levrekte doymuş yağ asitleri %28.74±1.020, MUFA %39.05±0.067, PUFA %31.36+0.020. olarak belirlenmiştir. Çipura yumurtasında yapılan analizlerde; nem %79.851±04, protein %9.83±0.15, kül %2.85+0.06 ve yağ %2.29+0.11 olarak saptanmıştır. Çipurada doymuş yağ asitleri %40.45+0.612, MUFA %34.40+0.130, PUFA %24.68±0.341 olarak belirlenmiştir., In this study biochemical composition of seabass (D. labrax) and sea bream (S. aurata), eggs were examined and their protein, moisture, oil, ash and fatty acids content analysized. The results showed that, seabass eggs have 74.25±0.615% moisture, 11.57+0.252% protein, 2.57+0.078% ash and 4.97+0.075% oil. Result showed that in seabass eggs contain 28.74+1.020% saturated fatty acid, 39.05+0.067% MUFA and 31.36±0.020% PUFA. In sea bream eggs 79.85+1.04% moisture, 9.83±0.15% protein, 2.85+0.06% ash and 2.29+0.11% oil were found. As a result of resarch carried aut in sea bream eggs have 40.45±0.612% saturated fatty acid, 34.40±0.130% MUFA and 24.68+0.341% PUFA.

Bu araştırma 2002 yılında Çanakkale Boğazı'nda avlanan lüfer balıklarının (P. saltatrix) kültür sistemlerine adaptasyonunu içermektedir. Bu araştırmayla su sıcaklığının düşük olduğu dönemlerde adaptasyon çalışmalarının yapılmasının gerekliliği belirtilmiş olup, olta ile avlanan balıkların ağ dalyanda avlananlara oranla yaşama yüzdesinin daha yüksek (%92.08) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca bu balıkların adaptasyonu, üzerine tank sisteminin kafes sistemine oranla daha önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Adaptasyon çalışmalarının kış mevsiminde su sıcaklığının düşük olduğu (7±1°C) dönemlerde ve tank ortamında yapılması gerekliliği belirtilmiştir., This study includes the adaptation to culture systems of Blue fish (P. saltatrix) caught from Dardanelles during 2002. As a result of this study at the periods when temperature is low the adaptations studies must be done was indicated and the live ratio of fish caught by fishing line is higher (92.08%) in proportion to that net fishpond. However the adaptation to tank system of these fish is higher as to cage system. It is necessary that the adaptation studies should carried out in the tank system during winter periods the temperature is low (7±1°C).

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the duration of clopidogrel use and the inflammation process after acute coronary syndrome in patients who received bare metal stent (BMS) or drug eluting stent (DES). Method: Sixty patients with acute coronary syndrome who received a stent were divided into three groups: 20 patients with BMS receiving clopidogrel for one month (BMS1 group), 20 patients with BMS receiving clopidogrel for 6 months (BMS6 group), and 20 patients with DES receiving clopidogrel for 6 months (DES group). High sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP, mg/dL) was measured at baseline, and then at first, third and sixth post-operative month. Results: The inital hsCRP levels were similar and decreased significantly in all groups by one month of clopidogrel treatment (from 7.1±1.9 to 3.8±2.3 in BMS1 group, p=0,002, from 6.5±2.8 to 4.3±2.5 in BMS6 group, p= 0,01 and from 7.7±2 to 3.6±2.4 in DES group, p < 0.001). In the BMS1 group, after termination of the clopidogrel therapy after the first month, hsCRP levels increased again at the third and sixth months. In the BMS6 and DES groups, hsCRP levels continued to show a decrease at the third month and sixth months. Conclusions: Clopidogrel decreases hsCRP levels in patients with acute coronary syndrome. It might be desirable to lengthen the duration of the clopidogrel therapy to maintain its anti-inflammatory effects.

His daughter and his brother’s children also homocysteine levels, factor V Leiden mutation was detected in the heterozygous mutant. Folic acid, and warfarin started to the Patients and their relatives. Homocysteine levels were normal during 7 years follow up to watch it. Conclusions: At the end of 7 years progress or either regress on coronary angiography lesions in the patient and his relatives were unchaged. Ischemic heart disease symptoms and signs were not detected. Based on this experience, we were studied and reviewed with the literature.