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3. Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Tuberculosis: A Review

Author

Muhammad Abdur Rahim, Delwar Hossain, Khwaja Nazim Uddin, Jamal Uddin Ahmed, Shaheen Akm, and Musa Akm

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, Capreomycin, biology, business.industry, Isoniazid, Kanamycin, Drug resistance, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Amikacin, Internal medicine, Materials Chemistry, medicine, business, Rifampicin, medicine.drug
Abstract

Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis is defined as disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis with resistance to at least isoniazid and rifampicin, any fluoroquinolone, and at least one of three injectable secondline drugs (amikacin, capreomycin, or kanamycin). This definition in immensely valuable for more uniform surveillance in varied international settings. The prevalence of tuberculosis drug resistance has risen to the highest rate ever recorded. Although the gold standard for drugsusceptibility testing has been the agar proportion method; due to it’s time consumption, more sensitive, specific and rapid diagnostic tests are required. It is difficult to differentiate XDR tuberculosis from non-XDR tuberculosis clinically, although the former is associated with greater morbidity and mortality. The treatment of XDR tuberculosis should include agents to which the organism is susceptible, and should continue for a minimum of 18-24 months. However, treatment continues to be limited in tuberculosisendemic countries largely because of weaknesses in national tuberculosis health-care models. The ultimate strategy to control drug-resistant tuberculosis is one that implements a comprehensive approach incorporating innovation from the political, social, economic, and scientific realms. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v1i1.12386 Birdem Med J 2011; 1(1): 30-36

Published
2012
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8. Socio-demographic, Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Melioidosis: Four-Year Experience of Managing Consecutive 11 Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

Author

Afroze, Samira Rahat, primary, Haque, Hasna Fahmima, primary, Afroz, Farhana, primary, Barai, Lovely, primary, Rahim, Muhammad Abdur, primary, Haque, Md Tariful, primary, Ahmed, Jamal Uddin, primary, Ahmed, AKM Shaheen, primary, Hossain, Md Delwar, primary, Rahman, Md Raziur, primary, Musa, AKM, primary, and Uddin, Khwja Nazim, primary

Published
2017
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10. Anti-Helicobacter pylori IgG in Asymptomatic Population

Author

Sumona, Asma Azad, primary, Hossain, Md. Akram, primary, Shamsuzzaman, AKM, primary, Musa, AKM, primary, Mahmud, Md. Chand, primary, Ali, Md. Shawkat, primary, Khan, Mohammad Shoeb, primary, Ahmed, Salma, primary, Begum, Zohra, primary, Zahan, Nahida Akther, primary, and Ahmed, Mejbah Uddin, primary

Published
2016
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12. Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens Causing Urinary Tract Infection and Their Antibiotic Sensitivity: A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience

Author

Rahman, Raziur, primary, Rahim, Muhammad Abdur, primary, Afroze, Samira Rahat, primary, Mitra, Palash, primary, Samad, Tabassum, primary, Tareqe, Ashfaqe, primary, Ahmed, Jamal Uddin, primary, Musa, AKM, primary, Afroz, Farhana, primary, Haque, Hasna Fahmima, primary, Ananna, Mehruba Alam, primary, Ahmed, AKM Shaheen, primary, and Hossain, Md Delwar, primary

Published
2016
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13. Aetiology of Fever of Unknown Origin: One-Year Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

Author

Rahimi, Muhammad Abdur, primary, Ahmed, AKM Shaheen, primary, Hossain, Md Delwar, primary, Rahman, Md Raziur, primary, Ghosh, Swapan Kumar, primary, Nazneen, Surayia, primary, Samad, Tabassum, primary, Ahmed, Jamal Uddin, primary, Haque, Hasna Fahmima, primary, Afroze, Samira Rahat, primary, Afroz, Farhana, primary, Musa, AKM, primary, and Uddin, Khwaja Nazim, primary

Published
2016
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20. Aerobic Bacterial Pattern in Puerperal Sepsis

Author

Ahmed, Salma, primary, Hossain, Md. Akram, primary, Shamsuzzaman, AKM, primary, Sumona, Asma Azad, primary, Bagum, Zahura, primary, Jahan, Nahid Akter, primary, Musa, AKM, primary, and Mahmud, Md. Chand, primary

Published
2016
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28. Study Habit of Post-Graduate Trainees and Residents in Medicine and Major Barriers in Achieving an Effective Training: A Multi-Institutional Survey (Preliminary Report)

Author

Rahim, Muhammad Abdur, primary, Zaman, Shahana, primary, Amin, Md. Robed, primary, Khan, Abed Hussain, primary, Kabir, Mohammad Shahjahan, primary, Ahmed, AKM Shaheen, primary, Samad, Tabassum, primary, Ananna, Mehruba Alam, primary, Ahmed, Jamal Uddin, primary, Haque, Hasna Fahmima, primary, Dewan, Pratik, primary, Hossain, Md. Delwar, primary, Rahman, Md. Raziur, primary, Musa, AKM, primary, and Uddin, Khwaja Nazim, primary

Published
2013
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38. Spectrum of Rheumatological Disorders: A Clinic-based Study.

Author

AHMED, AKM SHAHEEN, RAHIM, MUHAMMAD ABDUR, DEWAN, PRATIK, HAQUE, HASNA FAHMIMA, NAZIM, RESHAD FALAH, AFROZ, FARHANA, AFROZE, SAMIRA RAHAT, AHMED, JAMAL UDDIN, HOSSAIN, MOSTAQUE, HOSSAIN, MD. DELWAR, RAHMAN, MD. RAZIUR, MUSA, AKM, ZAMAN KHAN, MD SHAH, KHASRU, MOSHIUR RAHMAN, and UDDIN, KHWAJA NAZIM

Subjects
*RHEUMATOLOGY, *DISEASE prevalence, *CLINICS, *RHEUMATOID arthritis, *DEGENERATION (Pathology)
Abstract

Objectives: To assess the prevalence and distribution of rheumatic diseases at rheumatology clinic in a tertiary level hospital. Methods: This retrospective study was done at rheumatology clinic of BIRDEM from July 2009 to December 2012. Diagnoses were reached by using clinical criteria supplemented by necessary investigations. Results: Total number of patients was 772 with female predominance (F:M ratio of 1.3:1). Mean age was 46.9 (range 13-83) years. Majority (85.9%) were in 3rd to 6th decades. Degenerative diseases (49.9%) were most common, followed by inflammatory conditions (33.5%), soft tissue rheumatism (7%), metabolic bone disease (4.8%) and connective tissue diseases (2.5%). Rheumatoid arthritis (27.7%) was the most prevalent disease, followed by osteoarthritis of knees (26.2%) and lumber spines (23.4). Tendinitis, osteoporosis, fibromyalgia and systemic lupus erythematosus prevailed in 5.6%, 4.8%, 1.4% and 1.3% cases respectively. Common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (87.9%), hypertension (22.2%), ischaemic heart disease (12.4%), dyslipidaemia (10.1%), fatty liver (7.9%), chronic kidney disease (6.9%) and hypothyroidism (4.5%). Commonly prescribed medications were non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (93%), disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (28.9%) and prednisolone (10.6%). Physiotherapy was required in 13.3% cases. In 56.6% cases various combination of treatment was required. In 12% patients receiving methotrexate, adverse effects occurred. Conclusion: Degenerative joint and spine diseases were more common but as an individual disease rheumatoid arthritis was the most prevalent condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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39. Pattern of Antibiotic Sensitivity in Enteric Fever: A Tertiary Care Hospital Experience.

Author

RAHAT AFROZE, SAMIRA, ABDUR RAHIM, MUHAMMAD, HASAN, MD. MEHEDI, AFROZ, FARHANA, FAHMIMA HAQUE, HASNA, UDDIN AHMED, JAMAL, SHAHEEN AHMED, AKM, HOSSAIN, MD. DELWAR, AHMAN, MD. RAZIUR, MUSA, AKM, and NAZIM UDDIN, KHWAJA

Subjects
*MICROBIAL sensitivity tests, *TYPHOID fever, *TERTIARY care, *SALMONELLA typhi, *CROSS-sectional method, *ANTIBIOTICS, *CIPROFLOXACIN, *AMOXICILLIN
Abstract

Objectives: To describe the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi from blood culture specimens. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done in the Department of Medicine, BIRDEM from July 2009 to June 2012. Standard laboratory and microbiological procedures were followed for blood culture and antibiotic sensitivity tests. Results: Among the 97 blood culture positive samples, S. typhi was 71 (73.2%) and S. paratyphi was 26 (26.8%). Multi-drug resistant strains of S. typhi and S. paratyphi were 23 (32.4%) and 3 (11.5%) cases respectively. Azithromycin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and amoxicillin resistance was also found in a good number of cases (S. typhi and S. paratyphi: 71.8% and 57.7%, 42.3% and 30.8%, 38% and 34.6%, 38% and 26.9% and 38% and 26.9% cases respectively). Nineteen (31.1%) of the 61ciprofloxacin sensitive organisms were resistant to nalidixic acid. Ceftriaxone was sensitive in 100% of S. typhi and S. paratyphi. Cefixim, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, imipenem were among the most common sensitive antibiotics (S. typhi and S. paratyphi: 83.1% and 73.1%, 62% and 65.4%, 53.5% and 65.4%, 76.1% and 65.4% cases respectively). Conclusion: Ceftriaxone was the most sensitive antibiotic for treating enteric fever followed by cefixim, imipenem and ciprofloxacin. However, in suspected cases of enteric fever, blood culture should be requested before prescribing antibiotic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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