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Zenita Aisah Rahmayanti,1 Dudi Aripin,1 Anna Muryani,1 Yolanda Yolanda,1 Hendra Dian Adhita Dharsono,1 Sandro Mihradi,2 Satrio Wicaksono2 1Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Anna Muryani, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Sekeloa Selatan no. 1, Bandung, 40123, Indonesia, Tel +62 896 19972132, Email anna.muryani@unpad.ac.idPurpose: This research aimed to describe the stress distribution of an endodontically treated tooth with a mesio-occluso-distal (MOD) cavity restored with direct composite reinforced with polyethylene and e-glass ribbon fiber.Methods: This research was a descriptive study using the finite element method. A 3D model of the mandibular first molar solid after endodontic treatment with class II MOD preparation was prepared using Solidworks software. Finite element simulation was carried out using Abaqus software. In the first simulation, 180 N force was applied (vertically 90° perpendicular to the occlusal surface) at four points of loading: the tip of the mesiobuccal and distobuccal cusp, central fossa, and distal marginal ridge. For the second simulation, a 100 N force was applied at a 45° lateral angle to the occlusal surface at two loading points: the lingual slope of the mesiobuccal and distobuccal cusp.Results: This study showed that the stress concentration was located in the occlusal pit and fissure, CEJ distal area, bifurcation in dentin, and the 1/3 cervical area of root dentin. The stress value generated after vertical and lateral force did not exceed the tooth and restoration’s compressive and tensile strength value. The failure occurred at the interface of enamel and composite near the loading point area due to vertical load, both on polyethylene and e-glass fiber ribbon-reinforced composite restoration. Stress distribution of an endodontically treated tooth with a MOD cavity restored with ribbon fiber-reinforced composite using the finite element method showed that the highest stress concentration occurred on the surface close to the loading point, in narrow, concave, and sharp areas, and more apically for endodontically treated teeth.Conclusion: Neither the tooth nor restoration failed after vertical and horizontal loads. The interface between enamel and composite on the occlusal surface failed.Keywords: direct composite restoration, fiber-reinforced composite, wallpapering technique, finite element

Harnia Neri,1 Dudi Aripin,1 Anna Muryani,1 Hendra Dian Adhita Dharsono,1 Yolanda Yolanda,1 Andi Isra Mahyuddin2 1Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Anna Muryani; Harnia Neri, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Sekeloa Selatan no. 1, Bandung, 40123, Indonesia, Tel +62 896 19972132, Email anna.muryani@unpad.ac.id; harniya20001@mail.unpad.ac.idIntroduction: Endodontically treated teeth (ETT) undergo extensive structure change and experience high stress during biomechanical function. Stress distribution is influenced by the restoration material and the type of bond between material and tooth structure. The selection of materials that can distribute stress will affect the resistance and retention of ETT to mastication forces, thus biomechanical functions were achieved. Composite has mechanical properties similar to dentin, it can transmit and distribute stresses throughout the tooth surface. The disadvantage of composites in large cavities is their lack of toughness. The addition of fiber to composites can increase their toughness.Purpose: This research is to determine the stress distribution of a fiber-reinforced composite made of polyethylene and e-glass on the mesiolingual cavity of ETT.Materials and Methods: A three-dimensional model of the mandibular molar was prepared for cavity preparation and the formation of restorations using SolidWorks 2021. The models were analyzed with Abaqus 2020 to determine stress concentrations after given vertical and oblique loading.Results: The maximum and minimum principal stress data were obtained to assess material resistance and interfacial damage criterion. Polyethylene fiber shows a more homogeneous stress distribution because the modulus of elasticity is close to the dentin and has a thickness that can reduce the volume of the composite. The E-glass shows the stress concentration on the circumferential fiber and cavity floor.Conclusion: The stress distribution of fiber-reinforced composite on the buccolingual cavity of ETT using the finite element method did not show structural failure in the polyethylene group because the maximum and minimum principal stresses were lower than the strength of the material. Interfacial bond failure occurs at the enamel portion. The maximum and minimum principal values of e-glass indicate structural failure in the circumferential fiber and the base fiber because the stress exceeds the strength of the material. Interfacial bond failure occurred on the circumferential and the cavity floor.Keywords: stress distribution, bidirectional polyethylene fiber, bidirectional e-glass fiber, finite element method, wallpapering technique

Indonesia's geographical positioning along the 'Ring of Fire' exposes it to frequent seismic activities, making effective disaster mitigation education crucial. Current educational strategies may not adequately foster the necessary empathy and understanding among students regarding the socio-environmental impacts of disasters. This study aims to develop and evaluate a digital learning platform designed to enhance GeoCapabilities in students, particularly focusing on the social-environmental empathy dimension. The objective is to improve students' empathetic responses to disaster scenarios through integrated disaster mitigation pedagogy. Utilizing the design-based research method, this research involved a systematic blend of iterative development and evaluation phases to refine educational interventions. Data collection was achieved through a combination of qualitative feedback from students and quantitative pre-and post-test measures to assess empathy levels. Data analysis involved statistical testing to determine the effectiveness of the digital learning platform in enhancing empathetic capabilities among learners. The research reveals that the digital learning platform (D-Learning), significantly improves students' empathy towards disaster impacts. Students demonstrated a deeper understanding and emotional engagement with the content, highlighting an increase in their ability to empathize with affected communities. The findings suggest that the scalability of D-Learning can be tailored to different regions, providing a valuable tool for enhancing disaster preparedness worldwide. The integration of technology and empathy-focused pedagogy in disaster education could serve as a model for developing similar educational programs globally, aiming to foster a more resilient and empathetic future generation.

Pedagogy plays an essential role in the learning process. Ecopedagogy and digital pedagogy are two of its derivatives. This study focuses on the combination of the two pedagogical models, namely Eco-Digital Pedagogy (EDY). It proposes to reveal the effectiveness of the implementation of the EDY model on the readiness of prospective 21st century teachers. This study's population was Geography students at Semarang State University (UNNES) in Indonesia. The data obtained were tested by paired t-test and strengthened by the N-Gain test. The results show that the implementation of the EDY model has proven effective in increasing the ability of prospective teachers, namely in: 1) showing the leadership skills, 2) creating an environment that respects the diversity of students, 3) understanding every content they deliver, 4) facilitating learning to their students, and 5) reflecting on their teaching practices. This positive result indicates that the EDY model can be used to further develop the abilities of prospective teachers to generate better outputs in the learning process.

Distance learning that occurred during the Covid-19 period caused problems. Learning geography, which should provide a good quality of spatial thinking, finally gets a problem. Multimedia learning is a representation tool needed in online learning. These conditions improve students' spatial thinking skills by applying Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The development of the learning multimedia uses a 4-D (Four-D) product development model consisting of the phases: define, design, development, and dissemination. Assessment parameter evaluation improves students' spatial thinking skills, considering comparing values between the experimental and control classes using the Independent Sample T-test = 0.05. The results of this study are that GIS-based learning multimedia is feasible to use with the validity test and trial being a score of 4 or is effectively used to improve students' spatial thinking skills with the result = 5,850 > T-table (2,035).

Dolomite as the catalyst for pyrolysis of waste cooking oil (WCO) was investigated to produce hydrocarbon fuels. Optimization of pyrolysis parameters i.e. time, temperature and catalysts loading, achieved high selectivity of WCO to diesel hydrocarbon, compared to thermal pyrolysis that produced mainly carboxylic acids. Dolomite catalysed deoxygenation of fatty acid in WCO into hydrocarbon, consequently accelerating the pyrolysis time to 75 min. Bio-oil at 68.06% yield with 57.27% selectivity towards diesel and gasoline hydrocarbons was obtained at 450 °C while using 6% of dolomite. Dolomite exhibited partial phase separation into dolomite/CaCO3 mixtures within 15 min of pyrolysis, initiated by the generated CO2 during pyrolisis of WCO. The catalyst is stable for up to three reaction cycles suggesting the activity was achieved from the synergy between the dolomite/CaCO3 phases.

Meta-analysis study of the effect of transportation distance on physiological conditions, pre-slaughter and broiler meat quality was carried out to examine the magnitude of the effect and calculate the publication bias of the effect of transportation distance on physiological conditions, pre-slaughter and broiler meat quality. The materials obtained from 1123 studies and 622 relevant studies were selected from 62 journals for further analysis. Parameters observed related to physiological conditions consisted of blood glucose levels, corticosterone levels, and body temperature. Parameters of pre-slaughter conditions on arrival were observed from weight loss and mortality. Meat quality parameters were observed from the percentage of drip loss, pH, and meat color. Transportation distances are categorized into various moderator individual and combined distances, namely 180 km and combined distances (a collection of distances 180 km). The data obtained were tabulated and analyzed using CMA 3.7 software. The results showed a negative effect of transportation distances on physiological conditions, pre-slaughter and broiler meat quality with a moderate level of determination (est. 0.3-0.5) to strong on the parameters of physiological conditions, pre-slaughter and broiler meat quality. (est. 0.5-1.0). Publication bias was found in several parameters such as corticosterone levels and color (redness) did not show a significant egger's test result (p>0.05), which are potentially having an interfere with the interpretation of the study results. However the significant results of the Rosenthal analysis (p

ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Pertimbangan dalam menentukan jumlah kunjungan perawatan endodontik (satu kunjungan atau multi kunjungan) telah menjadi perbincangan dalam periode waktu yang cukup lama. Perawatan endodontik dapat dilakukan dalam satu kunjungan pada kasus yang tepat serta penggunaan teknik dan peralatan yang memadai. Tujuan penulisan laporan kasus ini adalah untuk membahas perawatan endodontik satu kunjungan pada gigi insisivus sentral dan lateral sebagai persiapan prostetik. Laporan kasus: Pasien perempuan 28 tahun datang membawa rujukan dari Departemen Prostodonsia Rumah Sakit Gigi dan Mulut Unpad untuk dilakukan perawatan endodontik sebagai persiapan prostetik. Gigi 21 dan 22 didiagnosis pulpitis ireversibel simtomatik disertai periodontitis apikalis simtomatik. Perawatan endodontik pada kedua gigi insisivus dilakukan bersamaan dalam satu kunjungan. Pasien dirujuk kembali untuk perawatan restorasi definitif di Departemen Prostodonsia. Simpulan: Perawatan endodontik satu kunjungan dapat menjadi pilihan dalam persiapan prostetik pada kasus yang melibatkan estetika dan membutuhkan perawatan endodontik karena dapat menurunkan resiko infeksi pada saluran akar yang telah dibersihkan, mempersingkat waktu kunjungan, sehingga prosedur pembuatan restorasi prostetik dapat segera dilakukan. Pemilihan kasus, keadaan klinis pasien, persiapan operator, serta ketersediaan alat dan bahan yang diperlukan selama perawatan menjadi aspek yang perlu diperhatikan. Kata kunci: perawatan endodontik satu kunjungan; insisivus sentral; insisivus lateral; pulpitis ireversibel; periodontitis apikalis ABSTRACT Introduction: Consideration in determining the number of visits for root canal treatment (single-visit or multiple visits) has been discussed among clinicians for a considerable time. Using the appropriate armamentarium and technique allows one-visit root canal treatment. The purpose of this case report is to describe one-visit root canal treatment of two incisors as prosthetic preparation. Case report: A 28-year-old female came with a referral from the Department of Prosthodontics Universitas Padjadjaran Dental Hospital for root canal treatment for prosthetics preparation. Tooth 21 and 22 were diagnosed as symptomatic irreversible pulpitis with symptomatic apical periodontitis. Root canal treatment was performed on both teeth respectively in one visit. The patient was referred back to Prostodontist for definitive restoration. Conclusion: One-visit root canal treatment can be selected as a treatment plan for prosthetic preparation of teeth that need endodontic treatment with aesthetic involvement because of the lower risk of infection in a cleaned and shaped root canal. Fewer appointments and prosthetic restoration can be made sooner considering various aspects such as operator, patient, armamentarium, and difficulty level of the case. Keywords: one-visit endodontic treatment; central incisor; lateral incisor; irreversible pulpitis; apical periodontitis

ABSTRACT Introduction: Motivation and the role of parents are essential in educating children on maintaining their oral health. The low parental knowledge in seeking oral health treatment will increase the prevalence of children’s oral disease. This study aimed to analyse the differences in the motivation for seeking oral health treatment among parents of kindergarten students in two kindergarten. Methods: The research was analytic with a cross-sectional technique, conducted on 109 parents taken as respondents, consisting of 54 parents of Bunda Asuh Nanda Kindergarten students and 55 parents of Mekar Arum Kindergarten students. Data collection was carried out with an online Google form questionnaire. Results: The mean intrinsic motivation range of Bunda Asuh Nanda Kindergarten and Mekar Arum Kindergarten parents was 45 to 65, while the extrinsic motivation range was 51 to 59, and the combined motivation range was 47 to 63. The Mann-Whitney test result showed a significant difference in the intrinsic and combined motivation, with a p-value of 0.0008 and 0.0073, respectively, while the extrinsic motivation showed no difference (p-value=0.2313). Conclusions: The motivation for seeking oral health treatment in parents of kindergarten students showed differences in intrinsic and combined motivation, while no difference is found in extrinsic motivation. Most of the parents in both kindergartens have rather good motivation in seeking oral health treatment for their children. Keywords: children; oral health; motivation; parents; treatment-seeking behaviour

Petanahan sub-district has three villages directly adjacent to the sea: Karangrejo Village, Karanggadung Village, and Tegalretno Village. This study aims to analyze the level of tsunami susceptibility in the coastal area of Petanahan District in the Kebumen Regency. Analysis of the level of tsunami susceptibility using assessment methods, weighting, and map overlays using tsunami hazard parameters, including elevation, slope, land use, distance from the shoreline, and distance from rivers. Then the Weighting of the Tsunami Vulnerability Level uses the formula N = Bi X Si, where Bi is the weight on each criterion, and Si is a score on each criterion. The weighting results are then divided into five classes, very low, low, medium, high, and very high. The results of this study indicate that the tsunami hazard in a coastal area of Petanahan Regency consists of a very high class (93.904 ha/8.33%), a high class (567.804/50.35%), and a medium class of (465.962 ha/41.32%). The results of this research on the vulnerability to tsunamis can be used by the community, especially in the research area, to increase preparedness in dealing with tsunami disasters. At the same time, the Government can take policies in carrying out disaster risk reduction activities of a tsunami, especially in the research area.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Bullying in adolescents has a negative impact on all parties involved, both victims, perpetrators, children or adolescents who witness, and even the institution or school where bullying occurs. One of the important factors in the incidence of bullying in adolescents is parenting. Method:This study is a survey study with a population of adolescents in Bali. The sample of this study was 783 respondents who were taken by consecutive sampling. Data was collected using a questionnaire in google form distributed via whats app group. Data were analyzed using simple logistic regression to determine the relationship between authoritarian parenting and bullying behavior in adolescents. Result: The results of the study show that children with authoritarian parenting have a risk of being bullied by 3.87 higher than adolescents who receive permissive and democratic parenting (95% CI:1.75 – 8.57) with a significance value of 0.001. Conclution: This study showed that children with authoritarian parenting have a 3.87 times higher risk of becoming a bullies than adolescents who receive permissive and democratic parenting.

This community service activity aims to provide training and assistance to the Nambangan and Cumpat fishermen group at KedungCowek Village, Kenjeran Sub-district, Surabaya. These programs are focused on solving the management problems of a fishermen cooperative. Fishermengroups are given training for establishing the cooperative legal entity and assistance for preparing the establishment documents. These fishermen group’s training and assistance activities are considered effective in solving management problems in a cooperative way by the fishermen group namedKoperasi 64 Bahari Surabaya. The result of this program is the collection of documents for the establishment of a cooperative legal entity at the Koperasi 64 Bahari Surabaya. These programs also increase the trust of the Nambanganand Cumpat fishermen groups towards the cooperative. It is evidenced by the significant increase in total member savings since December 2019.

This research aims to analyze ecosystem services providing food and water as a basis for sustainable land use planning in the Samin watershed. This type of research is a descriptive survey. This research describes spatially the ecosystem services of providing food and water in the research area, which is processed using a Geographic Information System (GIS) with output in the form of an ecosystem services map. The research results show that the Samin watershed Ecoregion is mostly (54%) in the form of Fluvio-volcanic Plain Pyroclastic material and the land cover is dominated by irrigated rice fields (43.69%) influencing the high level of food supply ecosystem services in the Samin watershed, so that the majority (59%) provision of ecosystem services including food is very high. Most of the Samin watershed water supply ecosystem services (72%) are in the high category, influenced by ecoregional conditions and land cover of the Samin watershed. The land cover of the Samin watershed is mostly (72.96%) in the form of land cover which functions for water absorption, and the density of the land cover is mostly (49.721%) including very high density. The research results can be used as a reference for the government in determining policies towards sustainable land use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to analyze the effect of member participation on cooperative performance and the effect of cooperative innovation on performance. The population in this study were 355 cooperatives, and we sampled 71. The mechanical analysis used multiple regression analysis, F test, and t-test. The analytical results show that member participation and the ability to innovate simultaneously influence the cooperative’s performance. There are two criteria for participation, namely contribution participation, and incentive participation

ABSTRAK Perubahan penggunaan lahan terjadi di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Gembong Kabupaten Karanganyar khususnya di Kecamatan Tawangmangu yang terletak di bagian hulu DAS Gembong terjadi akibat meningkatnya pengembangan kawasan wisata. Sebagai pengatur tata air dan kawasan resapan, keberadaannya perlu dilestarikan fungsinya untuk menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem di DAS tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui daya dukung sumber daya air, dan perubahan daya dukung sumber daya air dari tahun 2010 hingga 2020. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan keruangan. Perhitungan ketersediaan air disimulasikan berdasarkan data curah hujan dan iklim, sedangkan kebutuhan air dihitung berdasarkan berbagai macam peruntukan kebutuhan air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya dukung sumber daya air di DAS Gembong pada tahun 2010 dan 2020 dalam keadaan surplus. Tahun 2010 terjadi surplus penggunaan air sebesar 24,163,553.54 m3 per tahun, sedangkan tahun 2020 juga terjadi surplus air sebesar 23,550,429.40 m3 per tahun. Berdasarkan nilai daya dukung sumber daya air antara tahun 2010 hingga 2020 telah mengalami perubahan yang cukup signifikan karena mengalami penurunan yang cukup tinggi sebesar 1,360,828.92 m3. Kata kunci: daya dukung, kebutuhan air, persediaan air, sumber daya air ABSTRACT Changes in land use occur in the Gembong Watershed (DAS) Karanganyar Regency, especially in Tawangmangu District, which is located in the upstream part of the Gembong Watershed, due to the increasing development of tourist areas. As a regulator of water systems and catchment areas, its function needs to be preserved to maintain the balance of the ecosystem in the watershed. The research objective was to determine the carrying capacity of water resources and their changes from 2010 to 2020. The research method used was a quantitative descriptive method with a spatial approach. Calculation of water availability is simulated based on rainfall and climate data; while water demand is calculated based on various uses of water needs. The results showed that the carrying capacity of water resources in the Gembong watershed in 2010 and 2020 was in a state of surplus. In 2010 there was a water use surplus of 24,163,553.54 m3 per year, while in 2020 there was also a water surplus of 23,550,429.40 m3 per year. Based on the value of the carrying capacity of water resources between 2010 and 2020, there has been a significant change due to a fairly high decline of 1,360,828.92 m3. Keywords: carrying capacity, water demand, water supply, water resources

Latar Belakang: Kecemasan pada pasien pre operasi berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan tindakan lasik serta dapat menimbulkan masalah seperti psikosis dan gangguan kepribadian. Intervensi non farmakologis yang dapat mengatasi kecemasan yaitu pemberian minuman jus daun selada. Tujuan Penelitian: Mengetahui perbedaan tingkat kecemasan sebelum dan sesudah minuman jus selada pada Pasien Pre Operasi di Jogja Lasik Center RS Mata “Dr. YAP” Yogyakarta. Metode Penelitian: Jenis penelitian ini yaitu quasi eksperimen dengan pendekatan pretest and posttest. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua pasien pre operasi. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling, Jumlah sampel sebanyak 16 orang, analisis data menggunakan uji independent t-test. Hasil: Hasil didapatkan selisih rata-rata penurunan kecemasan setelah pemberian jus selada sebesar 106.81. Kesimpulan: Terdapat penurunan kecemasan setelah diberikan jus selada pada pasien pre operasi di Jogja Lasik Center RS Mata “Dr. YAP” Yogyakarta.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji performa organ imunitas akibat penambahan nukleotida pada ransum ayam broiler yang dipelihara pada kondisi suhu lingkungan yang berbeda. Materi yang digunakan yaitu 165 ekor ayam broiler unsexed berumur 15 hari dengan bobot rata-rata 462,20±9 g (CV 3,95%). Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial 3×3 dengan 5 ulangan. Faktor utama yaitu penambahan nukleotida, T0= 0g/kg pakan, T1= 0,5g/kg pakan dan T2= 1g/kg pakan, dan faktor kedua yaitu suhu lingkungan, S1=32±1°C, S2=23±1°C dan S3=24 – 34°C. Parameter yang diamati berupa ukuran bobot relatif organ imunitas yaitu bursa fabricius, timus, dan limpa. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis ragam dengan uji F pada taraf 5% untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan. Apabila terdapat pengaruh perlakuan yang nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji beda wilayah ganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tidak adanya (P>0,05) pengaruh interaksi antara suhu lingkungan dengan pemberian level nukleotida. Kondisi suhu lingkungan yang nyamaan berpengaruh nyata (P

Introduction: Recurrence is a problem that often occurs in patients with mental disorders. Families who have family members with mental disorders, said that relapse can be caused by not taking medication regularly and when they relapse the family is afraid to face the patient, because the patient is angry and throw things. This study aims to explore in depth the meaning of family experience dealing with relapse in people with mental disorders. Methods: This study uses a qualitative research design with an interpretative phenomenological approach. This study used purposive sampling, with total 15 participants with inclusion criteria: families who have family members with mental disorders who have experienced a relapse in the last six months and are willing to become participants by signing the participant's informed consent form. Exclusion criteria were families with family members with mental disorders who also had other illnesses. The data collection strategy used in-depth interview techniques with semi-structured interview guidelines. Researchers conducted data analysis using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Results: There are four themes in this study, namely (1) Always pay attention to prevent recurrence, (2) Families are able to recognize signs of relapse in family members with mental disorders, (3) Families use medical health services when a relapse occurs, (4) Feel emotional and fearful when the patient relapses. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that families feel emotional and fear when the patient experiences a relapse, and the family also knows about the signs of relapse in patients with mental disorders.

Rice price disparity at the farmer and consumer level is large. This study analyzes the movement and transmission of rice pricer at the producer and consumer level between regions in Indonesia. The data used in this study is data on rice and beef prices at the producer and consumer level from 2010 to 2017. The method used in the analysis is the Error Correction Model (ECM). The movement of rice between regions in Indonesia fluctuated throughout the period 2010- 2017. The price of rice at the producer level is more volatile than the price of rice at the consumer level. Transmission of rice prices at the consumer level to prices at the producer level occurs asymmetrically, both in the short term and in the long run. In producer- consumer relations, the transmission of rice prices at the producer level to prices at the consumer level occurs asymmetrically in the short term, but symmetrically in the long run.

ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Perjalanan infeksi penyakit pulpa bisa menjalar terus ke saluran akar dan jaringan periapikal sehingga membuat lesi periapikal. Lesi periapikal terutama pada gigi molar menjadi tantangan bagi dokter gigi karena lebih disarankan perawatan endodontik bedah dibandingkan dengan non bedah. Tujuan laporan kasus ini membahas keberhasilan perawatan endodontik non bedah pada gigi nekrosis pulpa dengan lesi periapikal. Laporan kasus: Kasus ini merupakan gigi molar pertama rahang bawah kiri dengan lesi periapikal pada pasien laki-laki berusia 25 tahun. Saluran akar dipreparasi saluran akar dan diirigasi dengan NaOCL 5,25% dan EDTA 18% disertai agitasi dan menghasilkan saluran akar yang bersih, Saluran akar setelah bersih dan kering diberi medikamen kalsium hidroksida. Evaluasi klinis dilakukan setiap 2 minggu sampai tidak adanya keluhan dari pasien. Pengisian saluran akar dilakukan secara hermetis. Pemeriksaan klinis dan radiografi setelah 1 bulan memperlihatkan perbaikan dari lesi periapikal. Tahapan preparasi biomekanis pada perawatan endodontik non bedah pada gigi yang mengalami nekrosis pulpa dengan lesi periapikal apabila dilakukan dengan optimal dapat membantu medikamen kalsium hidroksida berpenetrasi baik pada jaringan periapikal dan membuat proses perbaikan pada lesi periapikal. Pengisian yang hermetis membantu sterilisasi saluran akar tetap terjaga dengan penutupan yang rapat. Radiografi merupakan metode yang paling banyak digunakan untuk mendeteksi lesi periapikal. Gambaran radiografi seperti perubahan densitas sekitar lesi, pembentukan kembali trabekula dan lamina dura menandakan adanya penyembuhan, terutama ketika dikaitkan dengan hasil klinis bahwa gigi tersebut tidak memiliki gejala dengan jaringan lunak yang sehat. Simpulan: Perawatan endodontik non bedah pada gigi molar pertama rahang bawah kiri nekrosis pulpa dengan lesi periapikal menunjukan keberhasilan dengan terjadinya penyembuhan jaringan keras Kata kunci: Perawatan endodontik non bedah, lesi periapikal, molar pertama, nekrosis pulpa ABSTRACT Introduction: The pulp disease infection course can spread to the root canals and periapical tissues, which creates periapical lesions. Periapical lesions, especially molar teeth, are a challenge for dentists because surgical endodontic treatment is more recommended than non-surgical treatment. This case report was aimed to discuss the successful non-surgical endodontic treatment of pulp necrotic teeth with periapical lesions. Case report: This case was discussing the left mandibular first molar with a periapical lesion in a 25-years-old male patient. Root canals was prepared and irrigated with 5.25% NaOCL and 18% EDTA, followed by agitation, which resulted in clean root canals. After being cleaned and dried, the calcium hydroxide medicament was given. Clinical evaluation was carried out every two weeks until there were no complaints from the patient. Root canal filling was performed hermetically. After one month, clinical and radiographic examination showed improvement of the periapical lesions. Optimal biomechanical preparation stage in non-surgical endodontic treatment of teeth with pulp necrosis with periapical lesions can help the calcium hydroxide medicament penetrate well in the periapical tissue, thus makes the process of repairing the periapical lesions. A hermetic filling helps to maintain the root canal sterilisation by keeping it tightly closed. Radiography is the most widely used method for detecting periapical lesions. Radiographs such as changes in density around the lesion, trabecular reconstitution and lamina dura, indicate healing, especially when associated with clinical results since the tooth is asymptomatic with healthy soft tissue. Conclusion: Non-surgical endodontic treatment of left mandibular first molar with pulp necrosis with periapical lesions showed success result with hard tissue healing. Keywords: Non-surgical endodontic treatment, periapical lesions, first molar, pulp necrosis.

Pendahuluan: Preparasi saluran akar dapat menjadi tantangan apabila dihadapkan pada morfologi sistem saluran akar yang kompleks. Gigi dengan saluran akar bengkok dapat menimbulkan kesulitan bagi dokter gigi dalam melakukan perawatan saluran akar. Perawatan saluran akar bengkok membutuhkan penggunaan alat, bahan dan teknik yang efektif untuk membersihkan saluran akar dengan baik. Tujuan laporan kasus ini adalah menjelaskan perawatan gigi premolar kedua rahang atas dengan saluran akar bengkok menggunakan jarum NiTi rotary. Laporan kasus: Pasien perempuan usia 16 tahun dengan rujukan dari bagian orthodontik untuk dirawat gigi kiri atas belakang yang berlubang besar dan terdapat benjolan pada gusi. Hasil pemeriksaan klinis terdapat karies besar pada gigi 25, tes perkusi positif, tes palpasi positif, dan vitalitas negatif. Hasil Pemeriksaan radiologi terdapat gambaran radiolusen difus pada ujung apikal dan menunjukkan konfigurasi saluran akar bengkok sebesar 54°. Diagnosa gigi 25 adalah nekrosis pulpa disertai abses apikalis kronis. Isolasi daerah kerja, kemudian preparasi akses kavitas. Negosiasi saluran akar menggunakan K-files #10 dan mengukur panjang kerja dengan apex locator. Saluran akar diirigasi dengan menggunakan NaOCl 2,5% lalu diikuti oleh EDTA 17%. Preparasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrument rotari hingga #25.06. Medikamen saluran akar menggunakan kalsium hidroksida. Kunjungan berikutnya dilakukan pengisian saluran akar diikuti preparasi pasak fiber dan restorasi direk komposit. Simpulan: Perawatan gigi premolar kedua rahang atas dengan saluran akar bengkok menggunakan jarum NiTi rotary, dengan bahan irigasi Sodium hipoklorit dan EDTA diaktifasi agitasi sonik, serta medikamen kalsium hidroksida menunjukkan keberhasilan perawatan pada kunjungan kedua. Kata kunci: Perawatan saluran akar, akar bengkok, premolar. ABSTRACT Introduction: Root canal preparation can be challenging when faced with the complex morphology of the root canal system. A curved root canal can make it difficult for root canal treatment, which requires the use of effective tools, materials, and technique to clean the root canal properly. This case report was aimed to describe the treatment of maxillary second premolar with a curved root canal using a rotary NiTi needle. Case report: A 16-year-old female patient who was referred from the orthodontics department for the treatment of the left maxillary second premolar with a large cavity and a gingival lump. The clinical examination results were extensive caries on tooth 25, positive percussion test, positive palpation test, and negative vitality. The radiological examination showed diffuse radiolucent images at the apical tip and showed a curved root canal configuration of 54°. Diagnosis of tooth 25 was pulp necrosis with chronic apical abscess. The working area was isolated, then the access cavity preparation was conducted. Root canal negotiation was carried out using the K-files #10, and the working length measurement was conducted with the apex locator. The root canal was irrigated using the 2.5% NaOCl, followed by 17% EDTA. Preparation was carried out using the rotary instruments up to #25.06. Root canal medicaments was using the calcium hydroxide. The root canal filling was performed in the next visit, followed by fiber post preparation and direct composite restoration. Conclusion: The treatment of maxillary second premolar with a curved root canal using a rotary NiTi needle, with irrigation agent of sodium hypochlorite and EDTA, activated by sonic agitation, and calcium hydroxide medicament, showed successful result at the second visit. Keywords: Root canal treatment, curved root, premolar.

ABSTRAK Pendahuluan: Perawatan saluran akar (PSA) satu kali kunjungan harus memenuhi prinsip triad endodontic (preparasi biomekanis, medikasi dan obturasi saluran akar) yang diselesaikan dalam satu kali kunjungan. Keuntungan PSA satu kali kunjungan adalah risiko kontaminasi mikroorganisme diperkecil, menghemat waktu tanpa mengurangi kualitas hasil perawatan. Tindakan PSA pada gigi akar jamak (molar) merupakan tantangan yang sulit karena menuntut keahlian yang lebih. Tujuan laporan kasus ini untuk membahas PSA satu kali kunjungan pada gigi molar pertama bawah kanan dengan restorasi akhir endocrown resin komposit. Laporan kasus: Pasien perempuan berusia 38 tahun dengan diagnosis pulpitis ireversibel dan dilakukan PSA pada gigi molar pertama kanan bawah. Hasil pemeriksaan objektif menunjukan vitalitas positif dan perkusi negatif. Hasil pemeriksaan radiologis terlihat radiolusen sampai kamar pulpa, ligament periodontal dalam batas normal. Diagnosa gigi 25 adalah pulpitis irreversibel. Gigi dilakukan Perawatan saluran akar satu kali kunjungan dengan isolasi daerah kerja, kemudian preparasi akses kavitas. Negosiasi saluran akar menggunakan K-files #10 dan mengukur panjang kerja dengan apex locator. Saluran akar diirigasi dengan menggunakan NaOCl 5,25% lalu diikuti oleh EDTA 17%. dan klorheksidin 2% Preparasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan instrumen rotari hingga #25.06. Pengisian saluran akar dengan resin epoksi dan dilanjutkan dengan pembuatan restorasi endocrown komposit pada kunjungan berikutnya. Simpulan: Perawatan saluran akar satu kali kunjungan pada kasus gigi molar pertama bawah kanan dengan restorasi endocrown resin komposit yang dilakukan pada kasus ini memperlihatkan keberhasilan secara klinis dan radiologis. Kata kunci: Perawatan saluran akar satu kali kunjungan, gigi molar kanan bawah, pulpitis ireversibel, restorasi endocrown. ABSTRACT Introduction: One-visit root canal treatment (PSA) should comply with the endodontic triad principles (biomechanical preparation, medication, and root canal obturation) in one visit. The advantage of a one-time PSA is the minimum microorganism contamination risk, time-saving, without compromising the treatment outcome quality. The PSA on multiple roots (molars) is a difficult challenge because it requires more expertise. This case report was aimed to discuss a one-time visit PSA of the lower right first molar with a composite endocrown resin final restoration. Case report: A 38-years-old female patient diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis and the PSA was performed on the lower right first molar. The objective examination results showed positive vitality and negative percussion. The radiological examination results showed radiolucency to the pulp chamber, and the periodontal ligament was within normal limits. The diagnosis of tooth 25 was irreversible pulpitis. The root canal treatment was performed in a one-time visit with isolation of the working area; then the access cavity was prepared. Root canal negotiation was performed using K-files #10, and the working length measurement was carried out using the apex locator. The root canal was irrigated using the NaOCl 5.25%, followed by EDTA 17% and chlorhexidine 2%. Preparation was conducted using the rotary instruments to #25.06. The root canal filling with epoxy resin will be followed by composite endocrown restoration at the next visit. Conclusion: One visit root canal treatment in the lower right first molar with composite resin endocrown restoration performed in this case showed the clinical and radiological success. Keywords: One-time root canal treatment, lower right first molar, irreversible pulpitis, endocrown restoration.

Gerakan massa tanah terjadi pada tanggal 28 November 2017 di Dusun Bengle, Desa Dlepih, Kecamatan Tirtomoyo, Kabupaten Wonogiri, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tipe gerakan massa tanah dan mengetahui nilai faktor keamanan pada lereng berdasarkan sifat fisik dan mekanika tanah. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah metode survei dan pemetaan lapangan. Teknik pengambilan sampel tanah yaitu purposive sampling ditentukan berdasarkan jarak panjang longsoran. Hasil laboratorium digunakan untuk menghitung kestabilan lereng menggunakan Metode Fellenius. Data pendukung yang diperoleh dengan pemetaan diantaranya kemiringan lereng, ketebalan dan tekstur tanah, penggunaan lahan dan kapasitas infiltrasi kemudian curah hujan diperoleh dari analisis data sekunder. Seluruh data yang diperoleh dianalisis sesuai dengan kondisi rona lingkungan. Tipe gerakan massa tanah di daerah penelitian adalah debris slide. Nilai faktor keamanan lereng diperoleh nilai 0,687 yang termasuk ke dalam klasifikasi tidak stabil.  The ground mass movement took place on 28th November 2017 in Bengle Hamlet, Dlepih Village, Tirtomoyo Sub-District, Wonogiri Regency, Central Java Province. The purpose of this study was to determine type of soil mass movements and determine the value of safety factors on slopes based on physical and mechanical properties of the soil. The methods used in collecting the data were survey and field mapping methods. The soil sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling based on the long of the avalanche distance. The laboratory results were used to calculate slope stability using the Fellenius Method. The Supporting data obtained by mapping were include the slope of land, the soil thickness and texture, land use and infiltration capacity and rainfall obtained from secondary data analysis. All data obtained were analyzed according to environmental conditions. The type of soil mass movement is debris slide. The value of slope safety factor was 0.687 which was included in the unstable classification.

The North Sulawesi Tourism Sector is a tourism rising star in Indonesia with a 600% growth of foreign tourists visiting North Sulawesi. The growth of tourists will encourage the growth of tourist expenditure which will have an impact on the economy. Research on the impact of tourism on the economy has been carried out. In general, research on the economic impact of tourism activities uses a sector approach related to tourism economic activities such as hotels, restaurants, transportations, and recreational activities sectors. This study uses an approach by forming the tourism sector independently to obtain the results of a more accurate calculation and analysis of the economic impact of the tourism sector. Input-Output Analysis is used as an instrument of linking and multiplier analysis of outputs and incomes of the people of North Sulawesi in 2018. Linkage analysis (forward and backward linkage) shows that the tourism sector in the economy of North Sulawesi is a key sector. The output multiplier and income multiplier are created by tourist expenditure in 2018 are 1.83 for the multiplier output and 1.88 for the multiplier income. With a tourist expenditure of 4.56 trillion rupiahs in 2018, it will create an economic output of 8.38 trillion rupiahs and create an income of 1.28 trillion rupiah. Keywords: Tourism, Economic Impact, North Sulawesi, Multiplier Analysis, Input-Output Analysis JEL: C67, R11, Z32

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of binahong leaf powder to quail rations on the production and quality of eggs. Materials and Methods: The study involved the use of two hundred 7-week-old quails housed evenly in 20 wire cages with a body weight of 123.77±0.72 g. The quails were treated as follows: Ration without binahong leaf powder (T0), addition 2% of binahong leaf powder (T1), addition 4% of binahong leaf powder (T2), and addition 6% of binahong leaf powder (T3). The study used a completely randomized design. The parameters measured were the production, weight, and characteristics of the eggs, as well as the cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and egg protein content in the yolk. Results: The addition of 2-6% binahong powder did not significantly affect egg production, egg characteristics, or egg protein content, but significantly (p

Traditional unlicensed gold mining is found in various places in Indonesia. Mining is carried out by the people and processing gold using mercury, solely to make ends meet, they do not think the impact on environmental damage and pollution and legal aspects that can ensnare it. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the synergy of the legal umbrella and law enforcement practices in unlicensed gold mining (PETI), especially in the case of gold mining in Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province. The research method used is juridical-normative. The research data used are primary and secondary legal materials. The results showed that gold mining carried out without permission in Banyumas District was prone to cause pollution to the environment and workplace accidents. The rise of unlicensed gold mining makes it difficult for government supervision. All existing regulations and laws in synergy regulate how the people's gold mining activities should not create problems for the environment. It's just that implementation in the field is still a lot of violations, especially licensing issues. Law enforcement against illegal gold mining is carried out with preventive and repressive measures. Keywords: Banyumas, Law Enforcement, Gold Mining.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pemeliharaan pada kepadatan kandang yang berbeda terhadap performa ayam broiler. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ayam broiler unsexed sejumlah 280 ekor berumur 2 minggu dengan bobot badan 298,37±23,33 gram (CV = 7,81%) yang dipelihara selama 42 hari. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah kepadatan kandang dengan T1 = kepadatan kandang 8 ekor/m2, T2 = kepadatan kandang 12 ekor/m2, T3 = kepadatan kandang 16 ekor/m2 dan T4 = kepadatan kandang 20 ekor/m2. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi dan uji F pada taraf 5% kemudian dilanjutkan uji wilayah ganda Duncan jika ada pengaruh perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan kandang berpengaruh nyata pada konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan, dan konversi ransum dimana T1 dan T2 dengan kepadatan kandang 8 ekor/m2 dan 12 ekor/m2 lebih tinggi daripada yang lainnya, tetapi jika di hitung dengan satuan luas T4 lebih efisien. Simpulan dari penelitian ini dilihat dari bobot badan per ekor semakin padat semakin rendah tetapi di tinjau dari satuan luas penggunaan kandang per m2 T4 lebih efisien.

This research aims to determine the urbanization in the aerotropolis area, determine the danger of tsunamis, and estimate the impact of tsunami disasters that are likely to occur. The method used in this research is spatial analysis using geographic information systems and remote sensing. Urbanization is known through analysis of changes in land use in the year before the airport, namely 2017, and after the airport in 2023. The tsunami hazard calculation uses mathematical calculations developed by Berryman (2006), which considers the loss of tsunami height per 1 m inundation distance (inundation height) based on distance to slope and surface roughness. Furthermore, the hazard results are overlapped with land use and building mapping. The findings show a significant increase in land use, especially in the residential sector, increasing by 3.5%, new residential areas increasing by 1,589%, and hotel hotels increasing by 31%, reflecting the progress made by government plans in urbanization. However, it should be noted that this area has a high risk of tsunami hazards, exacerbated by the flat topography and low surface roughness coefficient. Estimates of the economic and social impact of the hazard include severe damage to thousands of housing units, with significant financial losses. Sustainable regional development planning must be implemented by considering the risk of natural disasters and balancing urban growth and environmental sustainability. Involving local communities in planning processes, public education campaigns, and economic impact evaluations is crucial in creating a safe and sustainable environment in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]