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Liquid sodium is the heat transport medium in fast breeder reactors due to its favorable chemical, physical, and nuclear properties. Wetting of liquid sodium with the material of reactor components is essential for the effective functioning of the reactor. Liquid sodium wetting plays a crucial role, such as in (i) heat transfer and (ii) image reconstruction under sodium ultrasonic scanners. Contact angle is the inverse measure of the wetting of liquids over solid surfaces. A contact angle measurement system was set up in an inert atmosphere glow box to study the wetting behavior of liquid sodium on reactor materials. The contact angle of liquid sodium on nickel surface was measured as a function of temperature, and the results obtained were found to be in good agreement with the literature values. The contact angle of liquid sodium on SS316LN as a function of temperature was measured for the first time using this facility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we discuss the probability of strings generated by various forms of probabilistic finite state automata in terms of extended probability transition function. On the same line, the ambiguity of probabilistic deterministic finite state automata is also discussed. Keywords Probabilistic finite state automata, extended probability transition function, ambiguous probabilistic finite state automata., §1. Introduction As in the classical automata theory, there are deterministic and non-deterministic finite state automata deals with probabilistic processes [5]. Over the years, there are papers analysing the parsing [...]

This article deals with a Markovian queuing-inventory system (MQIS) under the stochastic modeling technique. The arrival stream of this system is dependent on the present stock level at an instant. Meanwhile, the system focuses on reducing the waiting time of a unit by assuming a queue-dependent service policy (QDSP). The system consists of an infinite waiting hall to receive an arriving unit. The MQIS assumes that no unit of arrival is allowed when the stock level of the system is empty. The discussion of this MQIS runs over the two types of ordering principles named 1) (s, Q) 2) (s, S). According to both ordering principles, the assumed arrival and service patterns have been considered separately and classified as Model-I (M-I) and Model-II (M-II) respectively. The steady state of the system for both M-I and M-II is analysed and resolved under the Neuts matrix-geometric technique. The system performance measures of the system are also computed. The expected cost function of both M-I and M-II are constructed as well. Further, the necessary numerical illustrations are provided and distinguished for M-I and M-II to explore the proposed model. This paper finds the optimum ordering policy to execute the stock-dependent arrival and queue-dependent service strategies. (original abstract)

Rice (Oryza sativa), the prince among cereals is the premier food crop not only in India but world too (Chhabra, 2002). Long term fertilizer experiments revealed that neither chemical fertilizer nor organics alone can achieve sustainability in crop production. Modulin is a proprietary product of T. Stanes and Company Ltd. a foliar bio-stimulant for plants, with organic mineral activators, and presented in a soluble, easily absorbable and available form, is obtained through a fermentation process, from marine calcites. It is a suitable nutrient management system that is economic and eco-friendly for sustained productivity. The present field experiment was carried out at the Therkumangudi, Cuddalore district, to study the influence of Modulin as a foliar treatment on growth, yield and gene expression of calmodulin in rice along with lower NPK levels. The treatments comprised of T1 -Control (100% recommended dose of NPK (RDF) without Modulin); T2- 75% RDF + foliar applications of Modulin @ 1kg ha-1 at vegetative stage, panicle initiation and 5% heads/spikes formation stages, T3 - 75% RDF + foliar applications of Modulin @ 2 kg ha-1 at vegetative stage, panicle initiation and 5% heads/ spikes formation stages, T4- 100% RDF + foliar applications of Modulin @ 1kg ha-1 at vegetative stage, panicle initiation and 5% heads/ spikes formation stages and T5- 100% RDF + foliar applications of Modulin @ 2 kg ha-1 at vegetative stage, panicle initiation and, 5% heads/spikes formation stages. The study revealed that the 100 per cent RDF + foliar applications of Modulin @ 2 kg ha- 1 at vegetative stage, panicle initiation and 5% heads/ spikes formation stages (T5) significantly registered the highest values in growth and yield attributes. This treatment (T5) recorded highest BCR of Rs.3.25 followed by other treatments. In addition, Modulin increased the genetic expression of calmodulin genes, which regulates the plant growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]