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Graphene is a promising material for sensing applications because of its large specific surface area and low noise. In many applications, graphene will inevitably be in contact with oxygen since it is the second most abundant gas in the atmosphere. Therefore, it is of interest to understand how this gas affects the sensor properties. In this work, the effect of oxygen on the low-frequency noise of suspended graphene is demonstrated. Devices with suspended graphene nanoribbons with a width (W) and length (L) of 200 nm were fabricated. The resistance as a function of time was measured in a vacuum and pure oxygen atmosphere through an ac lock-in method. After signal processing with wavelet denoising and analysis, it is demonstrated that oxygen causes random telegraphy signal (RTS) in the millisecond scale, with an average dwell time of 2.9 milliseconds in the high-resistance state, and 2 milliseconds in the low-resistance state. It is also shown that this RTS occurs only at some periods, which indicates that, upon adsorption, the molecules take some time until they find the most energetically favorable adsorption state. Also, a slow-down in the RTS time constants is observed, which infers that less active sites are available as time goes on because of oxygen adsorption. Therefore, it is very important to consider these effects to guarantee high sensitivity and high durability for graphene-based sensors that will be exposed to oxygen during their lifetime.

Nano Electro Mechanical (NEM) contact switches have been widely studied as one of the alternative for classical field effect transistor (FET). An ideal NEM contact switch with hysteresis free switching slope (SS) of 0 mV/dec is desired to achieve the ultimate scaling of the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits (IC) but never realized. Here we show, low pull-in voltage, hysteresis free graphene based NEM contact switch with hBN as a contact larger. The hysteresis voltage is greatly reduced by exploiting the weak adhesion energy between the graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). The graphene NEM contact switch with hBN as contact exhibits low pull-in voltage of < 2 V, high contact life time of more than 6x10^4 switching cycles, ON/OFF ratio of 10^4 orders of magnitude and hysteresis voltage of as small as < 0.1 V. Our G-hBN NEM contact switch can be potentially used in ultra-low power energy efficient CMOS IC's., Comment: The manuscript contains error in the long-term switching cycles

An interlayer distance modulation in twisted bilayer graphene is reported. This is achieved by an in-situ annealing technique. The transformation of systematic vacuum and hydrogen annealing effects in twisted bilayer CVD graphene on SiO2 surface is reported based on experimental results. Incoherent interlayer conduction is observed in the twisted bilayer device. In-situ annealing efficiently removes the residues in the graphene-to-graphene interface and enhances the interlayer conduction. We demonstrate graphene-to-graphene interlayer resistance modulated by an order of magnetite at 5 K. We also report on the behavior of molecular hydrogen on graphene interlayer using the gate voltage-dependent resistance as a function of temperature at atmospheric pressure. It was observed that interlayer conduction in hydrogen/argon gas ambient is reduced. Results imply that modulation in the interlayer distance of graphene-to-graphene junction, as determined by the transport measurement investigation. Overall this result leads to the possibility of making electrically tunable devices using twisted bilayer graphene., Comment: 21 Pages, 6 Figures

van der Waals (vdW) interaction plays a fundamental role in the surface-molecules related phenomena. Tuning of the correlated charge fluctuation in the vdW complex is a plausible way to modulate the molecules interaction at the atomic surface. We report vdW interaction tunability of the graphene-CO$_2$ complex by combining the first principle calculations with the vdW exchange correlation density functionals and the time evaluation measurements of CO$_2$ molecules adsorption/desorption on graphene under an external electric field. The field-dependent charge transfer within the complex unveils the controllable tuning of CO$_2$ from acceptor to donor. Meanwhile the configuration of the adsorbed molecule - the equilibrium distance from graphene and O-C-O bonding angle - is modified accordingly. The range of electrical tunability is a unique feature for each type of molecules., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures