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Green nanotechnology is currently a very crucial and indispensable technology for handling diverse problems regarding the living planet. The concoction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has opened new insights in cancer therapy. The current investigation caters to the concept of the involvement of a novel eco-friendly avenue to produce AgNPs employing the wild endolichenic fungus Talaromyces funiculosus. The synthesized Talaromyces funiculosus–AgNPs were evaluated with the aid of UV visible spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synthesized Talaromyces funiculosus–AgNPs (TF-AgNPs) exhibited hemo-compatibility as evidenced by a hemolytic assay. Further, they were evaluated for their efficacy against foodborne pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis, Listeria innocua, and Micrococcus luteus and nosocomial Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Bacillus subtilis bacterial strains. The synthesized TF-AgNPs displayed cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner against MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cells and eventually condensed the chromatin material observed through the Hoechst 33342 stain. Subsequent analysis using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy provided the inference of a possible role of intracellular ROS (OH−, O−, H2O2, and O2−) radicals in the destruction of mitochondria, DNA machinery, the nucleus, and overall damage of the cellular machinery of breast cancerous cells. The combined effect of predation by the cyclopoid copepod Mesocyclops aspericornis and TF-AgNPS for the larval management of dengue vectors were provided. A promising larval control was evident after the conjunction of both predatory organisms and bio-fabricated nanoparticles. Thus, this study provides a novel, cost-effective, extracellular approach of TF-AgNPs production with hemo-compatible, antioxidant, and antimicrobial efficacy against both human and foodborne pathogens with cytotoxicity (dose dependent) towards MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma.

We investigated the effect of encapsulated Chitosan-nanoparticles by using Salvia leucantha essential oil on the insecticidal activity against H. armigera, S. litura and P. xylostella. The encapsulated nanoparticles were characterized by UV–vis, SEM, EDX, FTIR and ZP. Phytochemical analysis of essential oil revealed that the presence of alkaloid, flavonoids, phenolics, and glycosides etc., and GC/MS analysis identified at least 12 compounds, the most abundant constituents were bornyl acetate, 1-Octadecanesulphonyl Chloride, spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide. Bioassays was conducted to find out the toxicity against H. armigera and LC50 values of essential oil was 175.39 ppm (larva I) 542.09 ppm (pupa), and encapsulations of essential oil was 14.56 ppm (I) 63.28 ppm (pupa), respectively. Life history parameters and food efficiency utilization measures were significantly affected with concomitant decline in the activities of digestive enzymes after treatment of encapsulated Chitosan-nanoparticles for H. armigera, S. litura and P. xylostella. From the results the nanomatierals are effective and eco-friendly bio-insecticides for not only control bollworm and also other lepidopteran insects such as Spodoptera litura and Plutella xylostella at different crop ecosystem.

Mosquito borne diseases are on the rise because of their fast spread worldwide and the lack of effective treatments. Here we are focusing on the development of a novel anti-malarial and virucidal agent with biocidal effects also on its vectors. We have synthesized a new quinoline (4,7-dichloroquinoline) derivative which showed significant larvicidal and pupicidal properties against a malarial and a dengue vector and a lethal toxicity ranging from 4.408 µM/mL (first instar larvae) to 7.958 µM/mL (pupal populations) for Anopheles stephensi and 5.016 µM/mL (larva 1) to 10.669 µM/mL (pupae) for Aedes aegypti. In-vitro antiplasmodial efficacy of 4,7-dichloroquinoline revealed a significant growth inhibition of both sensitive strains of Plasmodium falciparum with IC50 values of 6.7 nM (CQ-s) and 8.5 nM (CQ-r). Chloroquine IC50 values, as control, were 23 nM (CQ-s), and 27.5 nM (CQ-r). In vivo antiplasmodial studies with P. falciparum infected mice showed an effect of 4,7-dichloroquinoline compared to chloroquine. The quinoline compound showed significant activity against the viral pathogen serotype 2 (DENV-2). In vitro conditions and the purified quinoline exhibited insignificant toxicity on the host system up to 100 µM/mL. Overall, 4,7-dichloroquinoline could provide a good anti-vectorial and anti-malarial agent.

Microbes or parasites spread vector-borne diseases by mosquitoes without being affected themselves. Insecticides used in vector control produce a substantial problem for human health. This study synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Lawsonia inermis L. and were characterized by UV–vis, FT-IR, SEM with EDX, and XRD analysis. Green synthesized ZnO NPs were highly toxic against Anopheles stephensi, whose lethal concentrations values ranged from 5.494 ppm (I instar), 6.801 ppm (II instar), 9.336 ppm (III instar), 10.736 ppm (IV instar), and 12.710 ppm (pupae) in contrast to L. inermis treatment. The predation efficiency of the teleost fish Gambusia affinis and the copepod Mesocyclops aspericornis against A. stephensi was not affected by exposure at sublethal doses of ZnO NPs. The predatory potency for G. affinis was 45 (I) and 25.83% (IV), copepod M. aspericornis was 40.66 (I) and 10.8% (IV) while in an ZnO NPs contaminated environment, the predation by the fish G. affinis was boosted to 71.33 and 34.25%, and predation of the copepod M. aspericornis was 60.35 and 16.75%, respectively. ZnO NPs inhibited the growth of several microbial pathogens including the bacteria (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) and the fungi (Alternaria alternate and Aspergillus flavus), respectively. ZnO NPs decreased the cell viability of Hep-G2 with IC50 value of 21.63 µg/mL (R2 = 0.942; P 0.001) while the concentration increased from 1.88 to 30 µg/mL. These outcomes support the use of L. inermis mediated ZnO NPs for mosquito control and drug development.

Mosquitoes are the major vectors of many diseases such as the malaria, filariasis, dengue, and Japanese encephalitis. Mosquitoes propagate quite successfully in a variety of aquatic habitats such as drinking water system, manmade water bodies, and sewage contaminated aquatic system. Since, water is essential for all life, without it, life won’t progress and at the same time, the quality of the water also important. With the unique structural features present in chitosan bio-polymer helps to bind effectively with fine suspended particles, pollutants, bacteria, heavy metals etc. The biocompatible and biodegradable nature of chitosan makes it a potential candidate for mosquito breeding water purification purposes. In this regard, chitosan has been extracted from freshwater crab shells Scylla serrata and reduced for silver nanoparticle synthesis. It has been utilized as a potent tool in control of young instars of Aedes aegypti and its breeding water purification. Bio-synthesized chitosan-reduced silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV–Vis spectrum, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (E-DAX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). In laboratory condition, the chitosan silver nanocomplex was found to possess toxicity against young instars (I, II, III, and IV) of Aedes aegypti at the concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 ppm followed by chitosan treatment alone. The surface stagnant water from dengue vector breeding site checked the water purification parameters, such as water temperature (WT), pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC) by using “μP Based Water & Soil Analysis Kit” (Model 1160). Further, from the results it is clearly postulated that the biomolecules present in the chitosan not only showed biopesticidal activity against mosquito larvae and pupae but also nullified the contaminants in the water and made human usage.

Background and Objectives: Microbes or parasites spread vector-borne diseases by mosquitoes without being affected themselves. Insecticides used in vector control produce a substantial problem for human health. Materials and Methods: This study synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using Lawsonia inermis L. and were characterized by UV–vis, FT-IR, SEM with EDX, and XRD analysis. Results: Green synthesized ZnO NPs were highly toxic against Anopheles stephensi, whose lethal concentrations values ranged from 5.494 ppm (I instar), 6.801 (II), 9.336 (III), 10.736 (IV), and 12.710 ppm (pupae) in contrast to L. inermis treatment. The predation efficiency of the teleost fish Gambusia affinis and the copepod Mesocyclops aspericornis against A. stephensi was not affected by exposure at sublethal doses of ZnO NPs. The predatory potency for G. affinis was 45 (I) and 25.83 % (IV), copepod M. aspericornis was 40.66 (I) and 10.8 % (IV) while in an ZnO NPs contaminated environment, the predation by the fish G. affinis was boosted to 71.33 and 34.25 %, and predation of the copepod M. aspericornis was 60.35 and 16.75 %, respectively. ZnO NPs inhibited the growth of several microbial pathogens including the bacteria (Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis) and the fungi (Alternaria alternate and Aspergillus flavus), respectively. ZnO NPs decreased the cell viability of Hep-G2 with IC50 value of 21.63 µg/mL (R2=0.942; P) while the concentration increased from 1.88 to 30 µg/mL. Conclusion: These outcomes support the use of L. inermis mediated ZnO NPs for mosquito control and drug development.