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33 results on '"Murray, Patrick S."'

1. An Exploratory Study on the Post-Implementation of Threat and Error Management Training in Australian General Aviation

Author

Lee, Seung Yong, Bates, Paul R., Murray, Patrick S., and Martin, Wayne L.

Abstract

Threat and Error Management (TEM) training, endorsed and recommended by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), was mandated in Australia with the aim of improving aviation safety. However, to date, there has been very limited, if any, formal post-implementation review, assessment or evaluation to examine the "after-state" in terms of the effectiveness of the introduction of TEM. This exploratory study, is a first step in examining how TEM is regarded among Australian general aviation pilots in terms of its use and effectiveness. Fifty-nine general aviation pilots participated in a survey. The survey results indicated a large decline in positive support for TEM compared with the findings of an earlier study. Other results from the current survey indicated a variable uptake of TEM principles and differing opinions as to its effectiveness, suggesting further study should be conducted in respect of TEM as an important safety initiative within Australian general aviation.

Published
2017
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2. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: past progress and anticipation of the future.

Author

Geda, Yonas E, Schneider, Lon S, Gitlin, Laura N, Miller, David S, Smith, Gwenn S, Bell, Joanne, Evans, Jovier, Lee, Michael, Porsteinsson, Anton, Lanctôt, Krista L, Rosenberg, Paul B, Sultzer, David L, Francis, Paul T, Brodaty, Henry, Padala, Prasad P, Onyike, Chiadikaobi U, Ortiz, Luis Agüera, Ancoli-Israel, Sonia, Bliwise, Donald L, Martin, Jennifer L, Vitiello, Michael V, Yaffe, Kristine, Zee, Phyllis C, Herrmann, Nathan, Sweet, Robert A, Ballard, Clive, Khin, Ni A, Alfaro, Cara, Murray, Patrick S, Schultz, Susan, Lyketsos, Constantine G, and Neuropsychiatric Syndromes Professional Interest Area of ISTAART

Subjects
Neuropsychiatric Syndromes Professional Interest Area of ISTAART, Humans, Alzheimer Disease, Mental Disorders, Agitation/aggression, Alzheimer's disease, Apathy, Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, Delusions, Dementia, Depression, Hallucinations, Mild behavioral impairment, Mild cognitive impairment, Neuropsychiatric symptoms, Psychosis, Sleep disorders, Behavioral and Social Science, Mental Health, Alzheimer's Disease, Acquired Cognitive Impairment, Aging, Neurosciences, Brain Disorders, Alzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD), Neurodegenerative, Neurological, Clinical Sciences, Geriatrics
Abstract

Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are widespread and disabling. This has been known since Dr. Alois Alzheimer's first case, Frau Auguste D., presented with emotional distress and delusions of infidelity/excessive jealousy, followed by cognitive symptoms. Being cognizant of this, in 2010 the Alzheimer's Association convened a research roundtable on the topic of NPS in AD. A major outcome of the roundtable was the founding of a Professional Interest Area (PIA) within the International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment (ISTAART). The NPS-PIA has prepared a series of documents that are intended to summarize the literature and provide more detailed specific recommendations for NPS research. This overview paper is the first of these living documents that will be updated periodically as the science advances. The overview is followed by syndrome-specific synthetic reviews and recommendations prepared by NPS-PIA workgroups on depression, apathy, sleep, agitation, and psychosis.

Published
2013

8. Neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer's disease: Past progress and anticipation of the future

Author

Geda, Yonas E., Schneider, Lon S., Gitlin, Laura N., Miller, David S., Smith, Gwenn S., Bell, Joanne, Evans, Jovier, Lee, Michael, Porsteinsson, Anton, Lanctôt, Krista L., Rosenberg, Paul B., Sultzer, David L., Francis, Paul T., Brodaty, Henry, Padala, Prasad P., Onyike, Chiadikaobi U., Ortiz, Luis Agüera, Ancoli-Israel, Sonia, Bliwise, Donald L., Martin, Jennifer L., Vitiello, Michael V., Yaffe, Kristine, Zee, Phyllis C., Herrmann, Nathan, Sweet, Robert A., Ballard, Clive, Khin, Ni A., Alfaro, Cara, Murray, Patrick S., Schultz, Susan, and Lyketsos, Constantine G.

Published
2013
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9. 'Gathering Clouds' A Study of Plan Continuation, Risk, Rules, and Pilot Behaviour

Author

Dekker, Sidney, Murray, Patrick S, Lohmann, Guilherme M, Stanton, Anthony A, Dekker, Sidney, Murray, Patrick S, Lohmann, Guilherme M, and Stanton, Anthony A

Abstract

The problem of general aviation pilots continuing flight into adverse weather has been recounted and endured since at least 1968. The problem is known as conducting a visual flight rules (VFR) operation into instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). When pilots operate an aircraft in IMC, the visual reference to the Earth’s horizon is lost or significantly reduced, and the pilot must change the way they determine which way is up. When operating in IMC, pilots turn to the aircraft’s flight instruments, like the ‘artificial horizon’ for the information they need to maintain control of the aircraft. That is, assuming the instruments that are necessary for this are fitted to the aircraft. The human vestibular system functions poorly when pilots cannot see the Earth’s horizon and yields a powerful physiological problem of false sensory illusions. Advanced pilot training, minimum experience requirements and a specialised instrument rating are required to remove the regulatory restriction that precludes pilots from operating in these adverse conditions. Each year, for decades now, the accident and incident data associated with VFR flight into IMC tells the same steadfast story. Weather is regularly cited as the so-called causal factor in general aviation accidents. Statistics routinely show VFR flight into IMC represents a small proportion of all general aviation accidents, and yet, the problem accounts for a disproportionate representation of the fatalities. In one five-year period in the United States, the VFR flight into IMC problem resulted in 583 deaths from 276 accidents. Analysis undertaken as part of this research project showed that between 2010 and 2019 in Australia, the problem was increasing, and around 28% of the problem occurred during commercial operations with fare-paying passengers onboard the aircraft. The pilots who enter the adverse weather may do so intentionally or unintentionally, and each of these cases has unique influences and geneses. This rese, Thesis (PhD Doctorate), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), School of Hum, Lang & Soc Sc, Arts, Education and Law, Full Text

Published
2022

21. An Overview of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Implications for Excitotoxic Vulnerability in the Hippocampus

Author

Murray, Patrick S. and Holmes, Philip V.

Subjects
nervous system, Article Subject
Abstract

The present paper examines the nature and function of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampal formation and the consequences of changes in its expression. The paper focuses on literature describing the role of BDNF in hippocampal development and neuroplasticity. BDNF expression is highly sensitive to developmental and environmental factors, and increased BDNF signaling enhances neurogenesis, neurite sprouting, electrophysiological activity, and other processes reflective of a general enhancement of hippocampal function. Such increases in activity may mediate beneficial effects such as enhanced learning and memory. However, the increased activity also comes at a cost: BDNF plasticity renders the hippocampus more vulnerable to hyperexcitability and/or excitotoxic damage. Exercise dramatically increases hippocampal BDNF levels and produces behavioral effects consistent with this phenomenon. In analyzing the literature regarding exercise-induced regulation of BDNF, this paper provides a theoretical model for how the potentially deleterious consequences of BDNF plasticity may be modulated by other endogenous factors. The peptide galanin may play such a role by regulating hippocampal excitability.

Published
2011
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32. Dendritic Spine Density, Morphology, and Fibrillar Actin Content Surrounding Amyloid-{beta} Plaques in a Mouse Model of Amyloid-{beta} Deposition

Author

Kirkwood, Caitlin M., Ciuchta, Jennifer, Ikonomovic, Milos D., Fish, Kenneth N., Abrahamson, Eric E., Murray, Patrick S., Klunk, William E., and Sweet, Robert A.

Abstract

Dendritic spines are the site of most excitatory synapses, the loss of which correlates with cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer disease. Substantial evidence indicates that amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide, either insoluble fibrillar Aβ deposited into plaques or soluble nonfibrillar Aβ species, can cause spine loss but the concurrent contributions of fibrillar Aβ and nonfibrillar Aβ to spine loss has not been previously assessed. We used multiple-label immuno-histochemistry to measure spine density, size, and F-actin content surrounding plaques in the cerebral cortex in the PSAPP mouse model of Aβ deposition. Our approach allowed us to measure fibrillar Aβ plaque content and an index of nonfibrillar Aβ species concurrently. We found that spine density was reduced within 6 µm of the plaque perimeter, remaining spines were more compact, and F-actin content per spine was increased. Measures of fibrillar Aβ plaque content were associated with reduced spine density near plaques, whereas measures of nonfibrillar Aβ species were associated with reduced spine density and size but not altered F-actin content. These findings suggest that strategies to preserve dendritic spines in AD patients may need to address both nonfibrillar and fibrillar forms of Aβ and that nonfibrillar Aβ may exert spine toxicity through pathways not mediated by depolymerization of F-actin.

Published
2013
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33. An exploratory study on the post-implementation of threat and error management training in Australian general aviation

Author

Paul Raymond Bates, Seung Yong Lee, Wayne Martin, Patrick Stuart Murray, Lee, Seung Yong, Bates, Paul R, Murray, Patrick S, and Martin, Wayne L

Subjects
human factors training, Engineering, Threat and error management, Operations research, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Applied psychology, Exploratory research, 050301 education, Human factors and ergonomics, Civil aviation, General aviation, general aviation, Education, Aviation safety, Error Management, Course evaluation, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Flight training, business, aviation safety, 0503 education, 050107 human factors
Abstract

usc Threat and Error Management (TEM) training, endorsed and recommended by the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO), was mandated in Australia with the aim of improving aviation safety. However, to date, there has been very limited, if any, formal post-implementation review, assessment or evaluation to examine the ‘after-state’ in terms of the effectiveness of the introduction of TEM. This exploratory study, is a first step in examining how TEM is regarded among Australian general aviation pilots in terms of its use and effectiveness. Fifty-nine general aviation pilots participated in a survey. The survey results indicated a large decline in positive support for TEM compared with the findings of an earlier study. Other results from the current survey indicated a variable uptake of TEM principles and differing opinions as to its effectiveness, suggesting further study should be conducted in respect of TEM as an important safety initiative within Australian general aviation. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Published
2016

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