Search

DESIGNED TO HELP TEACHERS OF OPPORTUNITY CLASSES ORGANIZE THE CLASS AND PLAN FOR DAILY ACTIVITIES, THIS GUIDE INCLUDES DIRECTIONS FOR SETTING UP A SCHEDULE, PREPARING THE PLAN BOOK, AND DEVELOPING CLASSROOM PROCEDURES. CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAINABLE MENTALLY HANDICAPPED AND EDUCABLE MENTALLY HANDICAPPED PUPILS AND A DISCUSSION OF THE IDENTIFICATION AND PLACEMENT OF THESE CHILDREN ARE INCLUDED. THE LEARNING EXPERIENCES RECOMMENDED IN THE GUIDE ARE BASED ON REAL LIFE SITUATIONS, AND SKILLS ARE TAUGHT IN A SETTING WITHIN THE CHILD'S EXPERIENCE. EMPHASIS IS ON DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY, DEVELOPMENT OF BASIC SKILLS IN LANGUAGE ARTS AND ARITHMETIC, AND DEVELOPMENT OF RUDIMENTARY CONCEPTS WHICH WILL EVENTUALLY HELP THE CHILD BECOME A SELF-SUPPORTING ADULT. THE IQ, MENTAL AGE, AND MENTAL GRADE AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING ARE DISCUSSED. THE IMPORTANCE OF RECORDS SUCH AS CUMULATIVE RECORDS, STANDARDIZED TEST SCORES, INVENTORY TEST SCORES, AND TEACHER REPORTS ARE STRESSED. (JZ)

Full Table of Excluded Studies. (DOCX 18Â kb)

PRISMA Flow Diagram. (DOCX 19Â kb)

Background The challenges and complexities faced by general practitioners are increasing, and there are concerns about their well-being. Consequently, attention has been directed towards developing and evaluating interventions and strategies to improve general practitioner well-being and their capacity to cope with workplace challenges. Methods/design This systematic review aims to evaluate research evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions designed to improve general practitioner well-being. Eligible studies will include programmes developed to improve psychological well-being that have assessed outcomes using validated tools pertaining to well-being and related outcomes. Only programmes that have been evaluated using controlled study designs will be reviewed. An appropriately developed search strategy will be applied to six electronic databases: the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Studies will be screened in two stages by two independent reviewers. A third reviewer will arbitrate when required. Pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria will be assessed during a pilot phase early on in the review process. The Cochrane data extraction form will be adapted and applied to each eligible study by two independent reviewers, and each study will be appraised critically using standardised checklists from the Cochrane Handbook. Methodological quality will be taken into account in the analysis of the data and the synthesis of results. A narrative synthesis will be undertaken if data is unsuited to a meta-analysis. Discussion The systematic review will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidance. This will be the first systematic review on this topic, and the evidence synthesis will aid decision-making by general practitioners, policy makers and planners regarding ways in which to improve GP well-being. Findings will be disseminated at general practitioner meetings, conferences and in professional and peer-reviewed journals. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42015017899 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13643-015-0098-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

PRISMA-P 2015 checklist. The list contains recommended items to include in a systematic review protocol.

Background The health of doctors who work in primary care is threatened by workforce and workload issues. There is a need to find and appraise ways in which to protect their mental health, including how to achieve the broader, positive outcome of well-being. Our primary outcome was to evaluate systematically the research evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions designed to improve General Practitioner (GP) well-being across two continua; psychopathology (mental ill-health focus) and ‘languishing to flourishing’ (positive mental health focus). In addition we explored the extent to which developments in well-being research may be integrated within existing approaches to design an intervention that will promote mental health and prevent mental illness among these doctors. Methods Medline, Embase, Cinahl, PsychINFO, Cochrane Register of Trials and Web of Science were searched from inception to January 2015 for studies where General Practitioners and synonyms were the primary participants. Eligible interventions included mental ill-health prevention strategies (e.g. promotion of early help-seeking) and mental health promotion programmes (e.g. targeting the development of protective factors at individual and organizational levels). A control group was the minimum design requirement for study inclusion and primary outcomes had to be assessed by validated measures of well-being or mental ill-health. Titles and abstracts were assessed independently by two reviewers with 99 % agreement and full papers were appraised critically using validated tools. Results Only four studies (with a total of 997 GPs) from 5392 titles met inclusion criteria. The studies reported statistically significant improvement in self-reported mental ill-health. Two interventions used cognitive-behavioural techniques, one was mindfulness-based and one fed-back GHQ scores and self-help information. Conclusion There is an urgent need for high quality, controlled studies in GP well-being. Research on improving GP well-being is limited by focusing mainly on stressors and not giving systematic attention to the development of positive mental health. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12875-016-0431-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.